2022年上海市嘉定區(qū)題庫建設(shè)高三英語模擬試卷

第11頁/共11頁嘉定區(qū)題庫建設(shè)高三英語模擬試卷(3)II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Turningtoofficelife,AIcanhelpwithcomplexanddemandingtaskslikemanagingsupplychains,allocatingdeskspaceandkeepingrecordsofmeetings.Allthiscanfreeuptimeforpeopletoworkonmoreimportantstrategicdecisions.AIcouldhelpcollaboration____1____companies.Oneobviousexampleistheeliminationoflanguagebarriers.Multinationalcompaniesmayhaveemployeeswholackacommonlanguage;AIcanhandletranslationinrealtimesothatdialogueiseasier.AndAIcanproducebetterdecision-makingbyofferingacontrarianopinionsothatteamscanavoidthedangerofgroupthink.Aprogram____2____analyzee-mailsandmeetingtranscriptsandissuealertswhenpotentiallyfalseassumptions____3____(make)(ratherliketheboyintheHansChristianAndersentalewhonoticesthattheEmperorhasnoclothes).Oritcanwarnateamwhenitisgetting____4____(distract)fromthetaskinhand.Whenafirmisstartinganewproject,AIcanalsosuggestexpertsfromotherpartsoftheorganizationwhocouldcontribute.Inrecruitment,managerscouldsetcriteriafor“cognitivediversity”(seekingpeoplewithdifferentacademicandculturalbackgrounds)whenconductingajobsearchandallowAItosuggestcandidates.Thiscouldeliminateremaininghiringbiases____5____whitemales.HelenPoitevinofGartner,aresearchcompany,saysthatsomefirmsareusingAItosuggesttrainingpossibilitiesto____6____(exist)workers,basedonthecareerpathsofsimilarstaff,asanaidtotheircareerdevelopment.Andprogramsarealsobeingusedtoanalyzeindividualemployees’feedbackAIsothatmanagerscanbeawareofspecificareas____7____alotofpeopleareunhappy.Iftheyreactintherightway,thisshouldmakeworkers’livesbetter,allofwhichisausefulcorrectivetosomeofthemorealarmingpredictionsaboutthepotentialeffectsofAI.Butas____8____,itneedstoberememberedthatprogramsareonlyasgoodasthedatatheyaregiven.Ifthosewhoinputthedatahavebiases,theymayshowupinthesuggestionsthat____9____generates.AsMsPoitevinsays,AIcanhelpimprovediversityintheworkforce“ifwewantitto”.The____10____employersshouldbeabletoturnAIintoapositiveforworkers.SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.whateverB.prepareC.poseD.rushE.independenceF.typicalG.freshly-madeH.occasionalI.wentJ.clockedK.hands-onTakingLessonsFromHardWorkAttheCoolBeansCafé,adollarbuysateacherorschoolstaffmembera____11____cupofhotcoffee,teaorcocoa,andgetsitdeliveredtotheirdoor.ThatdollaralsohasabigbenefitfortheseventhgradestudentswithspecialneedswhorunthecaféatPoquosonMiddleSchool.Theygetexperiencewithjobskillsandsocialinteractionsoutsidea____12____classroomenvironment.WhentheteacherHeatherHopkinsstartedthecafé,shewasgivingthestudentssome____13____experienceofthejob.Now,sheoffers____14____instructionsandthefivestudentsallhaveaspecificjob.Teachersorderonlineinadvance,andJakeMann,thesupplymanager,takesthecoffeeandputsittogetherwithapapercup,lidanddrinksleevewiththefullorderonit.BradenJobst,thebarista(咖啡師),oftenhandlesseveralordersatatime.AlexSarber,theassistantbarista,addsthesugar,milk,or____15____elsethecustomerwants.ThefinisheddrinksaredeliveredbydriverJ.J.Shibuya.JasmineBaker,thecashier,goesonthedeliverieswithJ.J.andcollectsmoneyandtipsfromthecustomers.Hopkinsstartedthecoffeeshopprogramthisschoolyearwith$1,600thatwasgivenbytheVirginiaDepartmentofEducation.Themoneywasofferedtogivethestudentsanopportunitytopractice____16____.OneofHopkins’maingoalsisto____17____thestudentsforlifeafterschool.Thestudentshadtoapplytoworkintheshop,andtheychangejobseverymonthandhavetoapplyagain.Nextyear,shewantstointroduceideassuchasgivingstaffasalaryandaskingthemtopayrent,sotheycanmaketheconnectionbetweendoingajobandhowapersonlives.Eventhoughtheshoprunslikeabusiness,there’realotofopportunitiestohavefunatthesametime.Jakelikesto____18____forphotoandhavefunwithhisco-workers.AsAlexaddedcreamandsugartoadrink,heandHopkinsjokedaboutacustomerhavingacomplicatedorderthathedidn’twanttomessup.Thestudentstakeprideintheirworkandhaveshowedofftheiroperationataschoolboardmeeting.Alongwiththepositiveexperienceofrunningtheshop,thebusinesssupportssomefunactivitiesforthestudents.Whilethecoffeepurchasesgoforwardbuyingsupplies,thetipspayforfieldtrips.Thisyear,thestudentstookatriptothemoviesandalsowentfordinneratarestaurant.Afterthemainservice____19____,thestaffmadeanddeliveredtheirlastcupofcoffee.Theyknewtowaittomakethisorderbecausethecafeteriaworkerwhowouldbedrinkingitdidn’tcomeintoworkuntillaterinthemorning.Afterthatfinalcupwassentoutthestudents_____20_____outandputeverythingawaybeforesittingattheirdesks,relaxingafteranothersuccessfulday.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.HowtoLearntoLovetoPracticeIninterviews,famouspeopleoftensaythatthekeytobecomingbothhappyandsuccessfulisto“dowhatyoulove.”But____21____askill,evenonethatyoudeeplylove,callsforplentyofdrills.Anychallengingactivity—fromcomputerprogrammingtoplayingamusicalinstrumenttoathletics—requires____22____practice.Aperfectgolfswingorflawlessbutterflystroke(蝶泳)takescountlesshoursofpracticeandrepetitionstoperfect.Anyonewhowantstohaveagoodcommandofaskillmustgothroughthe____23____ofpractice,criticalfeedback,modification,andincreasingimprovementagain,again,andagain.Somepeopleseemabletoconcentrateonpracticinganactivitylikethisforyearsandtake____24____intheirgradualimprovement.Yetothersfindthiskindoffocused,time-intensiveworktobe____25____orboring.Why?The____26____maydependontheabilitytoenterintoastateof“flow,”thefeelingofbeingcompletelyinvolvedinwhatyouaredoing.Flowstatescanhappeninthecourseofanyactivity,whichisatanappropriateskilllevel,andwheretheindividualisableto____27____theirperformancetoclearandimmediatefeedback.Csikszentmihalyi,afamouspsychologist,suggestedthatthosewhomost____28____enteredintoflowstateshadan“autotelicpersonality”—atendencytoseekoutchallengesandgetintoastateofflow.Whilethosewithoutsuchapersonalityseedifficulties,autotelicindividualsseeopportunitiestobuildskillsandtheyhavelowlevelsofself-centeredness.Suchpeople,withtheirabilitytofocusontasksratherthanrewardshaveagreat____29____overothersindevelopingtheirinnate(天生的)abilities.Buthowcanwegetintoaflowstateforanactivitysothatweenjoyboththeprocessofimprovingskillsandthe____30____ofbeingamaster?____31____forthoseofuswhodon’tnecessarilypossessanautotelicpersonality,thereisevidencethatflowstatescanbe____32____byenvironmentalfactors.Forinstance,inMontessorischools,studentsdonotstudybyfollowingdirectinstruction.____33____,theyareencouragedtodevelopandpursueindividualinterests.Competitionis____34____andgradingisnotemphasized.Studentsaregroupedtogetheraccordingtosharedinterests,ratherthansegregatedbyability.Whilethereisn’tyetapillthatcanturndullpracticeintoanexcitingactivityforanyone,itiscomfortingthatweseemtobeabletoadvanceintoflowstates.Bygivingourselvesunstructured,open-endedtime,minimumdistractions,andatasksetatamoderatelevelof____35____,wemaybeabletolovewhatwe’redoingwhileweputinthehardworkpracticingthethingswelovedoing.21A.functioning B.stimulating C.enriching D.mastering22.A.fixed B.concentrated C.paralleled D.instructed23.A.transformation B.substitute C.cycle D.condition24.A.pleasure B.pride C.interest D.part25.A.frustrating B.rewarding C.ignorant D.poisonous26.A.objection B.standard C.principle D.difference27.A.adjust B.devote C.apply D.expose28.A.deliberately B.readily C.hesitantly D.flexibly29.A.feature B.control C.advantage D.sympathy30.A.reward B.jealousy C.security D.contribution31.A.Unexpectedly B.Fortunately C.Typically D.Obviously32.A.influenced B.favored C.cultivated D.underestimated33.A.Otherwise B.Therefore C.Furthermore D.Instead34.A.advocated B.suspended C.discouraged D.observed35.A.priority B.difficulty C.curiosity D.identitySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AWhyaresomanypeoplesoafraidoffailure?Quitesimplybecausenoonetellsushowtofailsothatfailurebecomesanexperiencethatwillleadtogrowth.Weforgetthatfailureispartofthehumanconditionandthateverypersonhastherighttofail.Mostparentsworkhardateitherpreventingfailureorprotectingtheirchildrenfromtheknowledgethattheyhavefailed.Onewayistolowerstandards.Amotherdescribesherchild’shurriedly-madetableas“Perfect!”eventhoughitdoesn’tstandstill.Anotherwayistoshiftblame.IfJohnfailsscience,histeacherisunfairorstupid.Thetroublewithfailure-preventionmethodsisthattheyleaveachildunequippedforlifeintherealworld.Theyoungneedtolearnthatnoonecanbebestateverything,noonecanwinallthetimeandthatit’spossibletoenjoyagameevenwhenwedon’twin.Achildwho’snotinvitedtoabirthdayparty,whodoesn’tmakethehonorrollonthebaseballteam,feelsterrible,ofcourse.Butparentsshouldnotofferaquickconsolation(慰藉),prizeorsay,“Itdoesn’tmatter,”becauseitdoes.Theyoungshouldbeallowedtoexperiencedisappointment—andbehelpedtomasterit.Failureisneverpleasant.Ithurtsgrown-upsandchildrenalike.Butitcanmakeapositivecontributiontoyourlifeonceyoulearntouseit.Steponeistoask“WhydidIfail?”Resistthenaturalimpulse(沖動)toblamesomeoneelse.Askyourselfwhatyoudidwrongandhowyoucanimprove.Ifsomeoneelsecanhelp,don’tbeshyaboutasking.Success,whichencouragesrepetitionofoldbehavior,isnotnearlyasgoodateacherasfailure.Youcanlearnfromadisastrouspartyhowtogiveagoodone,fromanill-chosenfirsthousewhattolookforinasecond.Evenafailurethatseemstotalcanstimulatefreshthinking,achangeofdirection.After12yearsofstudyingballet,afriendofminewentforaprofessionalcompany.Shewasturneddown.“Wouldfurthertraininghelp”sheasked.Theballetmastershookhishead.“Youwillneverbeadancer”,hesaid,“Youhaven’tthebodyforit.”Insuchcases,thewaytousefailureistotakestockof(估量)thesituationcourageously,asking,“WhathaveIleft?WhatelsecanIdo?”Myfriendputawayhertoeshoesandmovedintodancetherapy,afieldwhereshe’sbothableanduseful.Failurefreesonetotakerisksbecausethere’slesstolose.Oftenthereisrecoveryofenergy—awaytofindnewpossibilities.36.Accordingtothepassage,howdoesapersonusuallycoverhisfailureup?A.Herefusestoacknowledgethatfailurewilleventuallyleadtogrowth.B.He’dratherpraisethanstatethefactdespiteanyapparentdeficiency.C.Hetriesallthepossiblemeanstohidethetruthfrombeingrevealed.D.Hewilltakeeveryopportunitytopronouncehisnaturalrighttofail.37.Whatcouldbemeantbytheunderlined“make”?A.produce B.become C.achieve D.draw38.What’stheauthor’sassessmentoffailurevssuccess?A.Comparativelyspeaking,successisamuchbetterteacher.B.Failureteacheshumansasmuchassuccess,ifnotanyless.C.Everyonefailsnowandthenbuttheymaynotsucceedatall.D.Successarousesfreshthinking,thusleadingtofurthersuccess.39.Bytheexampleoftheballetstudent,theauthortellsus________.A.Itisnaturalforafailuretoshiftblameontoothers.B.Failureenablessomeonetorethinktheirpotential.C.Successpavesthewaytofindnewpossibilities.D.Infailureliesrecoverywhereonehaslesstolose.BDon’tmissout—30%offgarageparkingatDullesInternationalAirport(DIA)reagan-dullesairport@mw…DULLESIINTERNATIONALHAPPEYHOLIDAYS30%OFFGarageParkingatDullesInternationalDULLESINTERNATIONALHolidaySpecialOfferThisholidayseasonDullesInternationalAirportisoffering30%offdailygarageparkingrateonselectdatesfortravelersstaying4daysormore.ClickheretodownloadcouponQRCodeisrequiredandtermsandconditionsapply.Redeemthisspecialoffereitherby:Phone:ScantheQRcodebelowwiththeQRscannerattheexitor,Printedcopy:PrintthisemailandscantheQRcodewhenexitingthegarage.ForourholidayparkingpromotionatReaganNationalAirport(RNA),clickhereThisholiday,letyourjourneybeginwithus!HowtoUsethePromotionQRCode1.Whenenteringthegarage,pullparkingticketfromthemachine.2.Atexit,insertyourparkingticketintothemachine.3.Machinewilldisplaymessageshowingamountdueas:“Pleasepay$X.XX.EnterCredit-CardoraRebateTicket(折扣票)”4.ScantheQRCodewiththeQRcodereader5.Machinewillnowdisplaymessageshowingtheamountafterdiscount6.Payamountduebycreditcardorcash*Termsandconditions:PromotionvalidfortravelbetweenNovember16,2018—December2,2018andDecember14,2018—January31,2019ValidonlyforGarageparkingandnontransferableParkingspacesarelimitedCouponmustbepresentedattimeofexittoreceivediscountDullesInternationalAirport/(703)572-2700/FlyDSTAYCONNECTEDDullesInternationalAirport,1SaarinenCircle,Dulles,VA2016640.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisRIGHT?A.HewhoparkshiscaratDIAmorethanfourdaysenjoysthediscount.B.ThecoupononehasredeemedatRNAcouldbeusedbyanotherperson.C.Anytravelerisentitledtothe30%offtheparkingcharge.D.Apersonwho’snotredeemedthecouponcan’tenjoythediscount.41.Inwhatwaycanadrivergettoknowthediscountedamountoftheparkingcharge?A.Insertingtheparkingticketintothemachine B.PresentingthecouponC.ScanningtheQRwiththeQRcodereader D.CombiningAandC42.HowmanywaysaretherethattravelerscanconnectDIAandRNA?A.Five B.Two C.Four D.ThreeCBusinesshasslowed,layoffsmount,butexecutivepaycontinuestoroar—atleastsofar.BusinessWeek’sannualsurveyfindsthatchiefexecutiveofficers(CEOs)at365ofthelargestUScompaniesgotcompensationlastyearaveraging$3.1million—upl.3percentfrom1994.Whyarethetopbossesgettinganestimated485timesthepayofatypicalfactoryworker?Thatisupfrom475timesin1999andamere42timesin1980.Onereasonmaybewhatexpertscallthe“LakeWobegoneffect”.Corporateboardstendtoconsiderthat“allCEOsareaboveaverage”—aplayonGarrisonKeillor’sfamouslineinhispublicradioshow,APrairieHomeCompanion,thatallthetown’schildrenare“aboveaverage”.ConsultantsprovideboardswithsurveysofcorporateCEOcompensation.SincedirectorsarereluctanttoregardtheirCEOsasbelowaverage,thecompensationcommitteesofboardstendtosetpayatanabove-averagelevel.Theresult:Paylevelsgetraised.DefendersoflavishCEOpayarguethereissuchastrongdemandforexperiencedCEOsthatthefreemarketforcestheirpayup.Theyfurthermaintainmostboardsstructurepaypackagestoreflectanexecutive’sperformance.Theygetpaidmoreiftheircompaniesandtheirstockdowell.Socompanieswithhigh-paidCEOsgenerategreatwealthfortheirshareholders.Butthesupposedcream-of-the-cropexecutivesdidsurprisinglypoorlyfortheirshareholdersin1999,saysScottKlinger,authorofthisreportbyaBoston-basedOrganizationUnitedforaFairEconomy.Ifaninvestorhadput$10,000apieceattheendof1999intothestockofthosecompanieswiththe10highest-paidCEOs,byyear-end2000theinvestmentwouldhaveshrunkto$8.132.If$10,000hadbeenputintotheStandard&Poor’s500stocks,itwouldhavebeenworth$9,090.ToMr.Klinger,thesefindingssuggestthatthetheorythatoneperson,theCEO,isresponsibleforcreatingmostofacorporation’svalueisdeadwrong.“Ittakesmanyemployeestomakeacorporationprofitable.”Withprofitsdown,corporateboardsmaymakemoreefforttotameexecutivecompensation.Andexecutivesaremakinggreatereffortstoavoidpaycut.SinceCEOs,seeingtheiroptions“underwater”orworthlessbecauseoffallingstockprices,areseekingmorepayincashorinrestrictedstock.43.Whatcouldbeimpliedby“LakeWobegoneffect”accordingtothepassage?AItisafactthatexecutives’incomemustincreaseswithtimeB.Whenbusinesseshaveslowed,theremustbemorelayoffs.C.Peopletendtothinkthemselvesmoresignificantthanothers.D.DirectorsarereluctanttoregardtheirCEOsasbelowaverage44.WhatisthemajorcauseoftheCEO’spayriseaccordingtoparagraphtwo?A.AllCEOsareabovetheaverageandtheydeserveanever-risingpay.B.GarrisonKeillorissuccessfulinpromotingCEOsinAPrairieHomeCompanion.C.Directorshaveapersistent,positiveideaoftheoverallabilityoftheCEOs.D.Atopbossshouldearnhundredsoftimesmorethanatypicalworker.45.ConcerningScottKlinger’sideaordescription,whichofthefollowingisprobablycorrect?A.CEOsalonearenotabletomakeacompanyprosperous.B.Allinvestorsinthestockmarketwillsufferfromfinancialloss.C.Hehadbeenanoutstandingshareholderuntil1999.D.Hehasofferedvaluableadviceonhowtoprosperacompany.46.Theunderlinedpart“cream-of-the-crop"isclosestinmeaningto________.A.delicious B.enterprising C.ablest D.greedySectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.IsEducationARobbery?Oneofourexpectationsabouteducationisthatitwillpayoffintermsofupwardmobility.However,sincethe1970s,high-schoolgraduateshaveexperiencedastrikingdecreaseinearnings,makingthemthefirstgenerationsinceWorldWarTwotofacealowerstandardoflivingthantheirparentshad.Expertshavearguedthatthisimbalancebetweeneducationandeconomyisattheheartoftheproblemofpubliceducationtoday.Itisnot,asbusinessleadersclaim,thattheschoolsareturningoutyoungpeopleinadequatelypreparedtofunctionintheworkplace.____47____.Collegegraduatesalsoarehavingdifficultyfindingjobs.Evenwhentheydo,thejobsmaynotgowiththeirtrainingandexpectations.PartoftheproblemisthattoomanyyoungAmericansaspiretohaveprofessionaljobs,makingdisappointmentandfrustrationinevitableforsome.Manystudentsassumedthatwhatwastrueofanindividual—thatthehighertheeducation,thebetterthejobopportunities—wouldalsobetrueforanentiresociety.Butwhenthenumbersofbetter-educatedyoungpeoplebecametoogreat,theeconomycouldnolongerabsorbthem.____48____.Thatassumptionisanotherpartoftheproblem.Infact,employersdonotroutinelyrewardeducationalattainment;rather,theyrewarditonlywhentheybelieveitwillcontributetotheemployee’sproductivity.Weshouldnotoverlookthefactthatthereisstillastrongconnectionbetweeneducation,occupation,andincome.____49____.Butthepayoffisneitheraslargenorascertainasitoncewas.Unfortunately,Americanshavefocusedsostronglyontheeconomicpayoffthatmanyconsidertheircollegeeducationuselessifitdoesnotyieldadesirable,well-payingjob.____50____.WecouldarguethatalloratleastthemajorityofAmericanswouldprofitbysomedegreebecausehighereducationcanenabletheindividualtothinkmoredeeply,exploremorewidely,andenjoyagreaterrangeofexperiences.A.Collegegraduateshaveastrongadvantageoverthosewithlesseducation.B.Greatereducationalattainmentguaranteescareeradvancement.C.Theywillhavenoalternativebuttosettleforlower-payingjobs.D.Therealproblemisalackofeconomicopportunitiesforstudentsnotcontinuingontocollege.E.Incomebalanceisjusttooromantictoberealisticbetweenyoungpeople.F.Onlyinthissensecanwespeakofan“oversupply”ofcollegegraduates.IV.SummaryWriting51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Losingyourabilitytothinkandrememberisprettyscary.Weknowtheriskofdementia(癡呆)increaseswithage.Butifyouhavememoryslips,youprobablyneedn’tworry.Thereareprettycleardifferencesbetweensignsofdementiaandage-relatedmemoryloss.After50it’squitecommontohavetroublerememberingthenamesofpeople,placesandthingsquickly.Thebrainagesjustliketherestofthebody.Certainpartsshrink,especiallyareasinthebrainthatareimportanttolearning,memoryandplanning.Changesinbraincellscanaffectcommunicationbetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.Andbloodflowcanbereducedasbloodvesselsnarrow.Forgettingthenameofanactorinafavoritemovie,forexample,isnothingtoworryabout.Butifyouforgettheplotofthemovieordon’trememberevenseeingit