雅思大作文30篇

雅思大作文30篇雅思大作文30篇42/42雅思大作文30篇適用文檔全球化的缺點：經(jīng)濟(jì)上，發(fā)展中國家的勞動力被剝削，資源被取用，而產(chǎn)品卻不能夠夠夠進(jìn)人發(fā)達(dá)國家，國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)碰到外商和外企的沖擊；?社會上，外國的產(chǎn)品流人一個國家，會改變?nèi)藗兊纳盍?xí)慣和購買習(xí)慣；年輕人比較喜歡外同產(chǎn)品，比方說食品、衣服、電子產(chǎn)品和娛樂方式；文化上，當(dāng)?shù)匚幕瘯幌魅?，?dāng)?shù)卣Z言會碰到威脅，文化多樣性會逐漸損失；環(huán)境上，工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)和交通量的加大會增添溫室氣體的排放；游人的增添會對自然環(huán)境組成威脅。Topic1:Increasingtravelsbetweencountriesenablepeopletolearndifferentculturesortoincreasetensionbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcountries?外來人口的增添有益于文化的溝通：?游客也許移民都具備經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和價值（commercialinterestandeconomicvalue)；而外同人的停留時間是和東道國的合作親近相關(guān)的（Thelengthofstaydependsonthecooperationofthehostsociety.);很多當(dāng)?shù)厝怂员憩F(xiàn)得特別好客和友好，這有助于文化的溝通（Manylocalpeopleareveryfriendlyandhospitable,whichpromotetheculturalcommunications.)；?對其余的文化和人民更加認(rèn)識（abetterunderstandingofotherculturesandotherpeoples),改變?nèi)藗儗ζ溆嗝褡搴臀幕膽B(tài)度（alterone'sattitudestowardsanotherpeopleorculture);人們所以能夠接受不一樣樣的文化和價值觀（embracedifferentvaluesandcultures),能夠和平共處（createmotivationtocoexistpeacefully),并促使對"多元文化的理解(promotemulti-culturalunderstanding)；?促使文化的交融（promoteintegration),除掉文化阻截（removeculturalbarriers),外來人口的增添致使矛盾：?違反當(dāng)?shù)氐拿袼讜づ?dāng)?shù)厝耍╞reachoflocalcustomscanirritatethelocals);?不一樣樣文化的人對待同一事物總有不一樣樣的角度（harbourdifferentperceptions),并恩賜不一樣樣的講解(differentinterpretations)，比方對手勢、衣服、言行舉止有不一樣樣的理解；舉止不當(dāng)會引起當(dāng)?shù)厝艘庀氩坏降姆错?provokeunanticipatedresponses);?外國游客增添會對當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境造成壓力，甚至損壞環(huán)境，而移民增添可能致使工作時機(jī)減少，致使競爭更加激烈，這些都有可能引起當(dāng)?shù)厝说膮挓╟auseresentmentinlocalcommunities).范文Globalizationisacatch-alltermthatreferstoanyactivitythatinvolvesmorethanonecountry,forexample,travelfromonecountrytoanother.Thedramaticincreaseintransnationaltravelinrecentyearshassparkedcontroversyoverthepotentialimpactsofthistrendonindividualcountriesfespeciallythosenewmemberstatesofglobalization.Somepeopleareconcernedthattheupsurgeinnewarrivalswillpromptlocalhostilityagainstvisitorsinsteadofpromotingtheirunderstandingonmutualculturalbackground.Thisnotionshouldberejectedasonecanseemanyfactsinfavorofthisdevelopmentbetweencountries.Thefirstreasonwhyinternationaltravelswouldneverbringconflictisrootedinthefactthatbothvisitorsandlocalsareeconomicallymotivated.Internationaltravelopensupopportunitiesforbusinessdevelopmentthroughouttheworld.Entrepreneursareinterestednotonlyinthedomesticmarketbutalsointheoverseamarket.Foreignersshouldlearnthecultureofacountrybeforewinningoverthelocalpeople.Inturn,localsshouldshowtheirhospitalitytovisitorsinexchangefortheirtrust.Theyshareaviewthatacceptanceofeachother'sculturalbackgroundisanecessaryconditionforcooperation.Understandingaculturehasotherimplications.Differencesinsocialbackground,culturalvaluesandreligiousbeliefmightmakethediscrepancyofforeignersandlocalinhabitantsonsomeissuesindelible;however,thehigherinteraction,thehigherlevelofcommunicationandunderstanding.Arabians,forexample,usedtoconsiderwesternersastheirfoes.Nowtheyhaveconcreterelationswiththeirwesternalliesinmanyfields.Intheinitialstage,theirdivergenceseemed文案大全適用文檔inherentbutovertime,withbettermutualunderstanding,theytakethesamepositiononmanyissues.Undeniably,itislikelythatinsomeresorts,foreignvisitorsrepelthelocalcommunitywiththeirscantregardforthelocalenvironmentandconventionswhentheyfirstarrive.However,itshouldbenotedthatmostoffenseisaccidental,ratherthanintentional.Instead,visitorsdisobeyrulesandconventionssimplybecausetheyhavenoknowledgeofthem.Thissituationisexpectedtobeimprovedwiththepassingoftimewhenvisitorsfromdifferentcountriesincreasetheirknowledgeofalocalculture.Accordingtotheaboveanalysis,wecanobservethattheincreaseintheinternationaltravelshouldnotbetakenasthecauseofanyconflictthatarisesbetweentwocountries.Alternatively,oneshouldrecognizeitsroleinimprovingmutualunderstandingbetweentwocountries.近義詞表1.catch-all=all-embracing:包羅甚廣的；包括所有的2.hostility=enmity=resentment:敵意,怨'恨,怨恨3.rootedin=derivedfrom=basedon:基于4.entrepreneur=tycoon=mogul=industrialist:企業(yè)家，實業(yè)家5.discrepancy=disagreement=difference=divergence:分歧，矛盾6.foe=enemy=rival:仇家，竟?fàn)帉κ?.concrete=tangible=solid:詳盡的，實質(zhì)的8.overtime=induecourse=soonerorlater:最后，早9.resort:勝地；touristresort:旅游勝地；holidayresort：度假勝地；beachresort:海邊度假勝地；scenicspot:景觀；placeofinterest:旅游景點10.repel=revolt=repulse:使厭惡，厭惡11.scant=limited=scarce:缺少的，不足的Topic2:Wheninternationalmedia(includingmovies,fashionshows,advertisementsandotherTVprograms)conveythesamemessagestotheglobalaudience,peoplearguethattheexpansionofinternationalmediahasnegativeimpactsonculturaldiversity.Whatisyouropinion?媒體信息一致的缺點：?國際媒體（globalmedia)—般掌握在少許幾個有實力的機(jī)構(gòu)手中（inthehandsofafew,large,powerfulorganizations)；有了媒體的宣傳(propaganda)后,西方文化成了主流(domineeringforce),大規(guī)模的、有吸引力的廣告(massseductiveadvertising)喚起了落后地區(qū)人們對物質(zhì)新的向往（createfreshdesires),經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系加強(qiáng)（strongeconomicties),西方產(chǎn)品取代了當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)品，令人們更加向往西方的文化；?文化開始交融在一起(mingle),人們被新的價值觀所圍繞(bombardedwithnewvalues)，對自己的文化失去信心和驕傲感（confidenceandpride),拒絕接受自己的文化傳統(tǒng)（rejectionoftheirculturalheritage)轉(zhuǎn)而接受西方的文化習(xí)慣（adoptionofWesternculturalpractices);西方媒體削弱了民族的特色(ethnicidentity)和社會的凝聚力（socialcohesion);由于擔(dān)憂失去觀眾(alossofviewers),當(dāng)?shù)氐碾娨暸_也開始播放西方的電視節(jié)目（televisionshows),?國際媒體的寬泛會降低世界文化的質(zhì)量和多樣性（degradethequalityanddiversityofworldculture);文化被商業(yè)化（commercialized),—些文化產(chǎn)品（culturalgoods),如音樂、服飾，都變成了商品（commoditiesinthemarketplace)。所以，即便一些文化在世界其余地方流傳，它原來的性質(zhì)（authenticity)已經(jīng)喪失。媒體信息一致的優(yōu)點：?國家之間的頻頻交往會促使文化之間的溝通。所以，相互認(rèn)識和相互認(rèn)同的可能性(likelihoodofmutualunderstandingandmutualacceptance)就會增添，這是適應(yīng)全球化的趨向；?未必必定放棄傳統(tǒng)看法（notnecessarilyleadtotheabolitionoftraditionalvalues),事實上媒體能夠起到宣傳和穩(wěn)固傳統(tǒng)文化的作用；?主流媒體一般都會反響文化多元性（Thedominantmediareflectculturaldiversity.);—些外國節(jié)目其實促使了文化多元性(Mostforeignprogrammingispromotingculturaldiversity.),適應(yīng)了當(dāng)?shù)氐臈l件（adapttolocalconditions)，注意到了當(dāng)?shù)匚幕拿舾行裕╝wareofculturalsensitivity).自我調(diào)治來適應(yīng)市場(exerciseself-censorshiptosuitthe文案大全適用文檔market:)。范文Asinternationalmediacompaniesexpandacrosstheworld,thegrowingpopularityanduniformityofsomemediaprograms(suchasTVshows,movies,fashionshows)iscausingworldwideconcern.Manypeoplehavestrongviewstowardthistrend.Inmyopinion,internationalmediaiscloselylinkedtoculturalglobalizationandculturalhomogeneity.ThedominanceofinternationalmediaisasignofWesternculturalimperialismandhasthepotentialtothwartculturaldiversity.Itisnotasecretthatinternationalmediaisownedandoperatedbyahandfulofgiantcorporations,suchasTimeWarner.Theycontrollargesectorsofthemediamarketandplacenationalmediacompaniesatrisk.Thecontractioninthenumberofmediaownerswillcauseaproportionalreduction,inthevarietyofprogramsbroadcasted.Forexample,painting,musicandmoviesaccessibleinthemediahaveasmallnumberofgenres,imposingrestraintsonone'sknowledgeofartworksofdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Inadditiontoseizingcontroloverthosecreativeindustries,globalentertainmentcompaniesaffectculturaldiversitybyreshapingtheperceptions,beliefsandnormsofordinarycitizensindifferentcountries.MostoftheculturalvaluesandidealspromotedbytheleadingmainstreammediaareofAmericanorigin.Americanculturevaluesindividuality,maximizationofone'sbenefitsandmaterialwealth,ratherthancommunallifeandfamilysolidarity,thevaluesandnormspreviouslytreasuredin"manyAsiancountries.Unfortunately,manyAsianpeoplenowimitateAmericanpeople,causingthealterationoftheirperceptionsoffamily.ThisradicalchangecanbeattributedtothosemoviesandTVprogramsthatportraythesuccessofAmericanindividualsorcorporations.Thelossofmediadiversityisalsoresponsibleforpeople'snarrowsenseofwaysoflife.TherulingclassofmanycountriesspeaksEnglish,favorsWesternfood,wearsWestern-stylejacketsandevenprefersWesternweddings.YoungpeoplearecaptivatedbyAmericanbasketballandsomeevendaubingthenamesofNBAstarsontheirschoolsweatsuits.Allthesetransformationsinlifearetheresultoftheaudience'sexposuretoHollywoodmovies,TVshowsandsportsreports.Thelossofmediadiversitywillleadtodegradationofcultureandtoaminimizationofculturaldiversity.Itisaworryingtrend,aspeopleneedculturaldiversitytopreserveandpassontheirvaluableheritagetofuturegenerations,includinglifestyle.Asshownabove,internationalmedia,controlledbyahandfuloftransnationalmediacorporations,isexportingWesterncultureworldwideandputtingmanyindigenousculturesattheriskofextinction.Theuniformityofmediaprogramshasledtothatofartworks,normsandwaysoflifewhereverinternationalmediagoes.近表1.dominance=domination=power:治，力量2.sign=symbol=mark=signal=indication：志，象征3.thwart=prevent=spoil=ruin:阻截，損壞4.ahandfulof=asmallnumberof:少許的5.contraction-reduction：減少6.proportional=relative：相的，成比率的7.perception=view=opinion:看法8.ideal=value=belief=principle:點，念；準(zhǔn)9.solidarity=unity=harmony=cohesion:becaptivatedby=beobsessedwith=bepassionateabout=beaddictedto=bekeenon=beenthusiasticabout:被?所吸引passon=give=impart=convey:，灌Topic3:Thereisadisagreementontheimpactofincreasedbusinessandculturecontactbetweencountriesonacountry'sidentity.Whatisyouropinion?文案大全適用文檔商業(yè)和文化的接觸增添會致使一個國家特色的喪失：?影響文化：文化不是靜態(tài)的，而是動向的（notstatic,butdynamic)；—種文化的改變主若是由于社會環(huán)境(socialenvironment)發(fā)生了變化。比方說，人們的飲食習(xí)慣發(fā)生了改變，這是學(xué)習(xí)夕卜界文化的結(jié)果(People'seatinghabitshavebeenchangedastheresultoflearnedbehaviour.)；快餐文化源自美國，有些人將此作為財富的象征(symbolsofwealth),從而喜快樂餐；其余，當(dāng)?shù)氐娘嬍澄幕瘯淖?，以適應(yīng)外國人的口味（suitthetastesofvisitors);?影響生活方式：入口商品的增添，對外國產(chǎn)品的愛好（preferenceforimports);人們更加熟悉他國的文化，而忘記自己的特色（senseofidentity)，社會的團(tuán)結(jié)也有所損害（anerosionofsocialsolidarity);服飾、飲食、娛樂等等都被兩化了（westernized),比方說，西裝現(xiàn)在是流行的男性服飾(thesuitisthemostpopularoutfitformen)；?欠發(fā)達(dá)國家在技術(shù)改革中起到的作用甚微(playasmallroleinthetechnologicalrevolution),所以需要"出賣"自己國家的主權(quán)也許利益來獲得國際的幫助（concedesovereigntyandintereststoothercountriesforaid)；貧富差距加大(wideninggapbetweentherichestandpoorestpartsoftheworld)；?接受西方文化的人們成為一個國家新的統(tǒng)治階級（newrulingclass);人們摒棄傳統(tǒng)的看法(renouncetraditionally-heldbeliefs),感覺傳統(tǒng)看法是過時的和低人一等的（outdatedandinferior);主流文化會取代老式的和各種各樣的文化（Adominantculturetakesoverdiversecultures.),人們不再敬愛傳統(tǒng)文化（loserespectoldercultures),而傳統(tǒng)看法最后成為歷史{consignedtohistory)。商業(yè)和文化的接觸增添會加強(qiáng)一個國家的特色：?外來文化讓人們意識到自己文化的特色，從而更加注意保持這種文化；?一種特別文化會引起世界的關(guān)注，人們會更加注意保護(hù)。范文Oneofthemostconspicuoustrendsinthe21stcenturyisacloserconnectionbetweencountries,inbotheconomicandculturalaspects.Thereisawidespreadworrythatthiswillleadtothegradualdemiseofcountries’identities.Thisissueshouldbeviewedandanalyzedfrommultipleperspectives.Whenacountrytendstodevelopacloserrelationshipwiththerestoftheworld,itdoesnotnecessarilygiveupitsculture.Cultureisnotadisgracetobutanassetofacountry.Anindigenousculturecandistinguishonecountryfromothers,attractingforeignvisitorsandyieldinghighincome.Asmosttouriststravelabroadforlearningdifferentculturesandsamplingdifferentwaysoflife,suchasBeijingoperainChina,JapaneseteacultureandThaitemples,manycountrieshaverespondedwithprotectingandpreservingtheirculturalidentities,inanefforttokeepthemselvesinthelistofthemostpopulardestinations.Increasedtourisminstillsfreshlifeforceintothesecountries,aidingtheconservationoftheirfeatures.Whiletourismprovidesadrivingforceforculturalconversation,somecomponentsofaculture,suchastraditions^customsortaboosmightdieoutovertime.Itseemsthatinsomecountries,thelocalshavebecomemoreaccustomedtoexoticcultures.Itreflectsthecombinedeffectsoftheinvasionofforeigncultures,eitherthroughmediaorthroughdirectbusinessinteraction.Forexample,twodecadesago,sexwasataboosubjectinChinaandmostChinesepeoplefeltembarrassedtotalkopenlyaboutit.OvertimetheWesternculturehaspermeatedintotheChineselifestyle,andtheChinesepeoplehavebrokenmanyoftheirtime-honouredtraditions.Itoccursintherestoftheworldaswell.Asoutlinedabove,increasedinteractionbetweencountriesinthedomainsofbusinessandculturecaneitherstrengthenorunderminetheidentitiesofcountriesinvolved,Todatethereisnodefiniteanswertothisquestion.近義詞表1.conspicuous-noticeable=prominent=striking:顯箸的，突出的2.connection=linkage=relation=relationship:關(guān)系，聯(lián)系3.demise=disappearance=vanishing=fading:消失，死亡文案大全適用文檔4.multiple=manifold=numerous=various=many:不一樣樣的，很多的5.disgrace=dishonour=shame=humiliation:愧疚6.lifeforce=soul=essence：生命力7.conservation=protection=preservation:保存，保護(hù)exotic=bizarre=outlandish=fromafar=mysteriouslyunusual:外來的，奇異的taboo=offensive=embarrassing=unacceptable=disgraceful=dishonourable=humiliating:無禮的，侮辱性的；禁忌的10.permeate=seepinto=pervade=leakinto:浸透11.time-honoured=age-old=long-established：歷史悠久的12.interaction=interplay=communication=relationship:相互作用Topic4:Somepeoplebelievethatculturewillberuinedifitisusedtoearntourismrevenue,butothersconsiderthattourismistheonlywayofprotectingaculture.Discussbothsidesandgiveyourownopinion.旅游業(yè)有益文化保護(hù)（culturalpreservation)的論點：?除了自然景觀（landscape)之外，文化和歷史是吸引旅游者去一個國家也許一個旅游景點(tourismsite)參觀的最主要原因（motivator);旅游業(yè)和文化遺產(chǎn)相結(jié)合（integratetourismandculturalheritage)為文化保護(hù)供應(yīng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)支持（economicincentives)；?在文化領(lǐng)域供應(yīng)一些旅游選擇(introducethetourismoptionsavailablewiththeculturalsectors)，如博物館、歷史景點、活動禾卩奠食等（includingmuseums,historicalsites,eventsandcuisine),游客會深人認(rèn)識當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)和民俗（getaninsightintolocalcustomsandtraditions),感覺當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)和藝術(shù)（experiencelocaltraditions,artsandheritage),從而更加敬愛當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和周圍的環(huán)境(respectthehostcommunityanditsenvironment),促使不一樣樣國家之間關(guān)于自然和文化資源保護(hù)的溝通與對話(thedialogueoverconservationofnaturalandculturalresources)0一旅游業(yè)致使文化損壞culturaldestruction)的看法：?保護(hù)的一般是食品、時興、節(jié)日等（preservefood,fashion,festivalsandsoforth)—些文化的表面一，征（superficialelementsofaculture),；|各文化定格成表演者（freezecultureasperformers),致使了文化、宗教、傳統(tǒng)儀式、物質(zhì)文化和語言的損失（thelossofculture,religion,rituals,materialcultureandlanguage)；將文化商業(yè)化(commercialisetheculture),損壞了文化神圣和獨到的實質(zhì)(erodethesacredanduniquenature)；誠然很多活動是娛樂活動（entertain,ratherthaneducatetourists),但有些是對當(dāng)?shù)厝说囊环N侮辱(humiliatethelocalpeople)；?垃圾、涂鴉、損壞和噪音不斷增添（increasinglitter,graffiti,vandalismandnoise)，游客在沒有被同意的情況下進(jìn)人建筑物、神殿、神圣的土地（enterbuildings,shrinesorsacredlandswithoutpermission).這都與當(dāng)?shù)匚幕嗝埽且环N文化侮辱（aninsulttothelocalculture)范文Thereislittleroomfordoubtthattourismisoneofthefastest-growingindustriesintheworld.However,itsimpactoncultureremainsasourceofconstantdebate.Thisessaywillelaborateonbothpositiveandnegativeeffectsoftourismfromaculturalperspective.Providingeconomicincentivesforculturalpreservationisunarguablyoneofthemaincontributionsoftourism.Tomanytourists,cultureandhistoryarewhattheyfirstconsiderwhenchoosingadestination.Theirmindsethasbeenrecognisedbymanytourismsitesandmoneyhasbeensubsequentlydirectedtowardculturalprotection,includingthemaintenanceofkeyhistoricalsites.Tourismisthereforeoneoftheprimaryforcescontributingtothepreservationofaculture.Inadditiontoraisingfinancing,tourismcanmakeanindigenouscultureknowntotheworldandrallysupportworldwidetoprotectit.Whenahistoricsiteorasitethatshowsacountry'sculturalheritageismadeaccessibletothepublic,visitorsfromallovertheworldwillsoonflockthere.Theywillsharetheirexperienceinthelocalculturewiththeirfriendsandfamiliesoncetheyreturnhome,assistingthissitetogaininternationalfame.Bothfinancialandtechnologicalsupportwillfloodinfortheconservationofnaturalandculturalresources.文案大全適用文檔Onthenegativeside,tourismdevelopssometimesattheexpenseofpartofculture.Food,festivals,costumesandotherstimulatingelementsofaculturearehighlightedtoentertaintourists,constitutinganinsulttothelocalsandcausingdamagetotheuniquenatureofaculture.Moreover,culturalcommercializationhasmadethesacredelementsofaculturecommonplaceandtouristsareencouragedtoattachlittleimportancetoauniquetradition,whichcannotbefoundelsewhere.Inthelightofthesefacts,onecanconcludethattourismisneitheraboonnorabanetoculturalpreservation.Whileitsendeavourloprotectanindigenouscultureshouldberecognized,ithasputtheintegrityofacultureatrisk.近表unarguably=unquestionably=indisputably=undeniably:無可置提地，無可否地2.destination=site=place:地址3.maintenance=preservation=upholding=protection:保，保存4.indigenous=original=aboriginal：當(dāng)?shù)氐?，原始?.fame=reputation=recognition=eminence:名氣，名譽(yù)6.attheexpenseof=atthecostof:以牲?前提7.entertain=amuse=keepsomebodyamused:使快樂8.insult=offence:侮辱9.commonplace=ordinary:平凡的10.inthelightof=inviewof=considering=takingintoaccount:考到11.endeavour=effort=attempt:努力，12.integrity=entirety=unity:圓滿性13.putatrisk=endanger=jeopardise:危及，使?危政府投資政府的投主要有以下用途：?國防（defense):保一個國家免受攻也許其余威（Protectacountryagainstattackorotherthreats.)；?保法律和公共序次的施（enforcementoflawandpublicorder)以及政府的運作（operationofgovernment)；社會保障（socialsecurity)和醫(yī)保?。╤ealthcaresystems)；福利(welfare):那些不能夠夠自自足的人（peoplewhoareunabletosupportthemselvesalone)供應(yīng)救援(financialassistance),包括退休和殘疾人的福利（retirementanddisabilitybenefits)、失工人的福利（unemploymentbenefits)等；政府救援在一方面是重要的，能夠減社會力（releasethepressureofsociety),并最幫助些人得生計能力（gaintheabilitytosurvive)；?公共運(publictransportation)和公共服(publicservices)。政府的金主要來自于稅收(taxes),款(governmentborrowing)也許國救援3和政府投相關(guān)的爭主要集中在關(guān)行（essentialsectors)和非要行（non-essentialsectors)——前者是了公眾的方便，能夠來直接和明的好（immediateandtangiblebenefits),包括教育和醫(yī)保健；此后者所來的好是接的（indirectbenefits),能夠人來感情上的快(emotionalwellbeing),包括Topic5:Millionsofdollarsarespentonspaceresearcheveryyear.SomepeoplearguethatthemoneyshouldbespentonimprovinglivingstandardsonEarth.Doyouagreeordisagree?支持太空研究的點：?地球上的源是有限的，早會被耗資完（finiteandexhaustible),所以需要開拓太空上的能源(openenergyandmaterialresourcesofspaceforhumanbenefit)；促±曾(supporteconomicgrowth),使商更力口繁榮(anincreaseinbusinessactivity);?人口增致地球承力加大（causetheusablespacetoshrink)，所以太空研究有益于人找到一個新的居住地（findasanctuary)；?有益于境觀察（environmentalmonitoring),有益于收集人生計境（livingenvironment)的數(shù)據(jù)，比方天氣（weatherforecasting).,境保和可持展（sustainabledevelopment)等相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)；文案大全適用文檔?提升一些產(chǎn)業(yè)的科學(xué)競爭力（technologicalcompetitiveness),特別在國際商業(yè)領(lǐng)域（ininternationalbusiness；),創(chuàng)立人力資源和高級其余專業(yè)技術(shù)（humancapitalandhigh-levelexpertise);能夠增添年輕人對自然科學(xué)的興趣(theinterestofyoungpeopleinnaturalsciences)反對太空研究的看法：?需要長遠(yuǎn)的努力和大量資本（long-termcommitmentsandfunding),大部分國家支付不起(unaffordabletomostcountries)，這些資本應(yīng)該用于解決些更實質(zhì)的問題，比方饑荒(famine)等5?很多項目奏效甚微（makelittleprogress),甚至被證明是空費無益的（taxingandunrewarding)。范文Inrecentyears,therehavebeenmoreandmorecountriesinvolvedandinterestedinlong-termspaceprojects.Becauseoftheenormousresearchexpendituresincurred,thevalueofspaceprojectshasbeendisputed.Somepeoplesuggestthatgovernmentfundingshouldbedivertedtowardimprovingthelivingstandardofordinarypeople.Inevaluatingthemeritsofspaceambition,oneshouldadoptabroaderperspective.Theinvestmentinspaceresearchcanbepaidoffsomedayinthefuture.Thefirstreasontosupportitisthatourplanetisnowfacinganunprecedentedresourceproblem,whichcanbetackledonlybydiscoveringandminingnewresourcesonotherplanets.TheoveruseorscarcityofsomeresourcesontheEarthisasevereproblem.Raremetals,suchasgoldorsilver,willeventuallybedepleted,asindustrialproductionexpands.Thesemetalsandothernaturalresources,althoughrareonEarth,mightaboundonotherplanets.Inthatcase,conductingspaceresearchisapromisingadventure.Meanwhile,theworld'spopulationisnowgrowingtoastagewheretherearetoomanypeoplefortheplanettosupport,highlightingtheneedtoseeklandsuitableforpeople'sresettlementofftheplanet.Evenifnewurbandevelopmentsareabletoaccommodatetheincreasingpopulation,waterandelectricitysupply,wastetreatment,sewagedisposalandsanitationwillbecomeunmanageableforthecapacityofourplanet.Astherearecountlessplanetsorbitingstarsthroughouttheuniverse,onecanbeconfidentthatatleastoneofthemissuitableforoursecondhomeplanetMars,forexample,bearingacloseresemblancetotheEarth,isconsideredapotentialbackup.Inadditiontosearchingforashelterforfuturegenerations,spaceprogrammescontributeconsiderablytothewell-beingoftheEarthinsomeotheraspects.Forexample,bymonitoringtheozonehole,globalwarming,thelossofrainforestsandotherenvironmentalthreatstohumansurvival,remotesensingsatelliteshelppeopletracetherecoveryfromtheworstenvironmentalthreatsandtherebyimprovethequalityoflife.Meanwhile,spaceresearchprovidesanewplatformonwhichscientistscancarryoutexperimentsandmakenewdiscoveriesinavarietyoffields,suchasagriculture.Assuggestedabove,inlocatingnewresources,positioningnewsettlements,addressingenvironmentalconcernsandfacilitatingscientificdiscovery,spaceresearchwillprovetobenotonlyworthwhile,butalsocrucialtothesurvivalandsustainabilityofhumancivilization.近義詞表1.value=merit=worthiness=worth:價值2.divert=redirect=reroute=switch:蜂令向，轉(zhuǎn)用于overuse=overexploitation:過分使用abound=beplentiful=thrive=flourish=:proliferate=growingreatnumbers:大量存在5.adventure=voyage=journey:征途，旅游，旅途6.re-settlement=relocation=immigration:迀居，喬遷7.sewage=sullage=wastewater:廢水，排泄物8.unmanageable=uncontrollable=untruly;不能夠控制的9.backup=candidate=replacement:取代品，后備10.recovery=healing=recuperation:恢復(fù)11.platform=stage:舞臺文案大全適用文檔Topic6:SpacetraveltotheMoonisoftencitedasonegiantleapformankind.Yetsomepeoplearguethatthisachievementmadelittledifferencetoourdailylives.Whatisyouropinion?登月的重要性表現(xiàn)在三方面，科學(xué)（science)、開發(fā)思想（inspiration}和能源（resources):?科學(xué)檢查：供應(yīng)一個平臺去觀察宇宙(observetheuniverse)如何結(jié)合人和機(jī)器研究行星表面(combineeffortsofbothhumansandmachinesinexploringaplanetarysurface)；?開發(fā)思想：激發(fā)人們的想像力（triggerimagination),敢于面對新領(lǐng)域的未知因素和挑戰(zhàn)(confrontingunknownsandchallengesonnewfrontiers)；用于研究月球的科技術(shù)夠轉(zhuǎn)為民用(convertedforciviluse)，促使科技發(fā)展；能源開發(fā)：月球上有水存在(WaterexistsinthedarkandcoldregionsnearthepolesoftheMoon.),能夠開發(fā)能源。反對登月的可能建議：?耗資費源和時間（consumeresourcesandtaketime)，而沒太大的奏效（benefitsarelimited)；?分別政府和公眾在一些更重要事情上的注意力（distractthegovernmentandthepublicfromsomemoresignificantissues)范文Theideaoftravellingthroughspace,evenlivingandworkingonotherplanets,hasfascinatedpeopleforcenturies.Despitenumeroussetbacksanddauntingexpenditures,travellingintheouterspacehasneverfailedtoattractpeople'sattentionandprovokecontroversy.SixtyyearsafterthefirstMoonlanding,peoplequestionwhetherthefeat,previouslythoughtofasagiantleapformankind,hassubstantiallybenefitedpeople'slives.Inmyopinion,landingontheMoonhasenormousrelevanceforthequalityoflife,albeitnotalwaysexplicit.ThefirstimplicationofMoonlandingisreflectedinthelikelihoodoftravellingonotherplanets.Moon,astheobjectintheouterspaceclosettotheEarth,canserveasalaunchsiteforthejourneystootherplanets.Havingnoatmosphere,theMoonisapermanentbaseforpeopletoobservetheuniverseeasilyandprovidethemwithsufficientevidencetheyrequirefordecisionmakingonagreatmanysignificantissues,whicharelikelytohavedirectimpactonthem.Forexample,onecanlearnmoreaboutthetreatofpotentiallyhazardousobjectsthatareLikelytohittheEarthanddestroyourcivilization.AnotherremarkablebreakthroughmadebytheMoonlandingisthatitreignitespeople'senthusiasminthenaturalsciences.Whentoday'syouthsbecomeincreasinglyinterestedinsuchsubjectsascommerce,financeandbusiness,spaceexplorationsuccessfullyattractsandretainstalentsinspace-relatedtechnologies.Theseyoungmindsareconvincedthattravellingtheunknownoftheuniverseisfeasible，despitemanychallenges.Theyareinspiredtothinkforthefuture,insteadofbeingpreoccupiedwithcontemporaryissuesonly.ItshouldalsobenotedthattheMoonhaswater,thebasicresourceforpeople'ssurvival,anditaboundsinsolarenergy,acleanandreadilyobtainableresource.Itisalsobelievedthatmineralsareplentifultheretobeexploited.Someday,ifpeopleareforcedtomoveofftheEarth,theMoonmightbethebestshelter.Althoughpeoplehavenotyetfullyexploredthispossibilityatthisstage,preliminaryinvestigationisimperative.Basedontheabove-mentionedfacts,onecanconcludethattheMoonlandinggreatlyimpactsondistantfuture,althoughitseffectisnotapparentforthetimebeing.TheMoonistheeventualgatewaytootherplanetsandpotentiallytheplaceofresidenceforthefuturegenerations.ThescientificknowledgeandeconomicbenefitstobegainedbybuildingasustainableMoonbasearehuge.近義詞表文案大全適用文檔1.feat=achievement=accomplishment：成就2.relevance=significance=importance=weight:重要性3.explicit=overt:明顯的4.observe=watch=monitor:觀察5.unravel=findananswerto=workout:揭開，解開6.unknown=mysterious=unfamiliar;奇異的，未知的7.feasible=practicable=viable=practical=realistic:可行的，實質(zhì)的8.obtainable=available=accessible:能夠獲尋的，能夠獲得的9.preliminary=initial=preceding:最初的;初步的10.imperative=necessary=essential=critical=vital:必要的，要點的11.forthetimebeing=fornow=forthemoment:現(xiàn)在，臨時12.gateway=entry=doorway=access:入口，通道Topic7:Somepeoplearguethatthegovernmentshouldspendmoneyonpublicservicesandfacilities,butnotonthearts.Doyouagreeordisagree?政府投資公共設(shè)施的原因：?切合公眾的利益(generalinterest),給人們帶來方便；?一般來說，個人企業(yè)(privatesector)不會對公共設(shè)施感興趣，所以公共設(shè)施只能依賴政府投資。而藝術(shù)作為人們的愛好和文化傳統(tǒng)(culturaltraditions),會代代相傳(passedonfromonegenerationtoanother),所以不需要政府投資。政府投資藝術(shù)的原因：?藝木對現(xiàn)代生活是至關(guān)重要的（essentialtomodernlife),關(guān)于一個文明社會有著特別重要的作用（centraltoacivilizedsociety),藝術(shù)品流傳的是語言所不能夠夠流傳的東西（Worksofartconveytheineffable.)，是人們文化生活的主要部分（anintegralpartofculturallife)；?藝術(shù)給人們供應(yīng)了調(diào)停情緒的渠道(providepositiveoutlets),比方看電影和聽音樂；?藝術(shù)是一種民族文化，保護(hù)藝術(shù)有助于保護(hù)一種文化(preserveaculture);藝術(shù)能夠吸引外國游客觀光(attractforeigntouristsforsightseeing),產(chǎn)生旅游收入(producetourismrevenue)；?一些藝術(shù)作品（artobjects),比方說雕塑和建筑（sculptureandarchitecture),令人們享受城市也許郊區(qū)風(fēng)景的美麗(enjoythebeautyofurbanorrurallandscape),神清氣爽(pleasingtotheeye)，為生活增添情味。范文Theroleofartsinmodernlifeisunique,providingpeoplewithentertainmentandyieldingvariouspsychologicalrewards,suchasrelieffromstress.Despitethesebenefits,theartshavebeentakenasluxurygoodsinmanycases.Itissuggestedthatpublicmoneyofacityshouldbeconcentratedinprojectslikepublicfacilities,whicharcmorelikelytobringimmediatebenefitstothepublic,ratherthanthearts.Thereareanumberoffactsindicatingthatthispositionisright.Publicfacilities,widelyacceptedasoneofthemainprecursorstoacity'sdevelopment,shouldbeoneofthehighestpriorities.Thoseunderdevelopedcitiesinparticular,shoulddirectsufficientfundingtowardpublicfacilities.Whilemunicipalofficebuildings,courthousesandpostofficesareessentialcomponentsofpublicservices,libraries,hospitals,parks,playingfields,gymnasiumsandswimmingpoolsareavailabletothepublicforsocial,educational,athleticandculturalactivities.Byboostingspendingonpublicfacilities,citiesaremorecapabletosatisfytheneedsofcitizensandimprovetheirstandardofliving.Inadditiontosocialbenefits,thereareeconomicmeritsthatpublicfacilitiescanoffertocommunities.Anintegratedtransportnetwork(maritime,landandinlandwaterwaystransportandcivilaviation),forexample,promisesthesmoothandspeedymovementofgoodsandpeopleinacity.Industrialproducts,aswellasagriculturalproduceofacity,canbedeliveredtoothercitiesinexchangeforsteadyincome.OfequalimportancearepublicInternetfacilities.ProvidingaccesstoinformationbyimprovingInternetandothertelecommunicationsfacilitieshasrelevancetotheeasewithwhichbusinessesinacityreceive,process,utilizeandsendinformation.Itisnoexaggerationtosaythatentrepreneurs,eitherfromhomeorabroad,willfirstexaminetheinfrastructureofacitybeforedecidingwhethertopursuebusiness文案大全適用文檔opportunitiesthere.Thearts,bycomparison,althoughenablingpeopletoseetheworldandthehumanconditiondifferentlyandtoseeatruthonemightignorebefore,donotmeritgovernmentspending.Thefirstreasonisthattheartsreferringtomusic,filmandliteraturealtogetheraremorelikelytoattracttheinvestmentoftheprivatesectorthanpublicfacilities.Businesspeoplecontinuetoinvestintheartsintheexpectationofearninglumpsumincomeandtheartsinreturn,continuetoflourishwithoutthegovernmentspending.Meanwhile,theartsareakeycomponentofacultureandnaturallypasseddownfromonegenerationtoanother.Unlikepublicfacilities,theyrequirenomoneytosurvive.Itisthereforeclearthatconstructionofpublicfacilitiesshouldbegiventheforemostconsideration.Theconcernaboutthewell-beingofindividualcitizensandthatofacityismoreacutethantheapprehensionaboutthesurvivalandprospectsofthearts,somethingthatbusinesseshaveastakein.近義詞表1.precursor=forerunner=foundation:前驅(qū)，基礎(chǔ)2.municipal=urban=metropolitan:城市的3.merit=value=advantage:優(yōu)點4.integrate=amalgamate=combine=mix:合成，綜合5.merit=deserve=earn:值得6.flourish=thrive=burgeon=boom:蓬勃發(fā)展apprehension=anxiety=uneasiness=dread=fearfulness:憂慮，擔(dān)憂stake=involvement=concern=interest=share:興趣，參加Topic8:Somepeoplearguethatthegovernmentshouldspendmoneyonlyonmedicalcareandeducationbutnotontheatresorsportstadiums.Doyouagreeordisagree?政府投資教育和醫(yī)療的好處：?教育能夠幫助人們擺脫貧窮（breakthecycleofpoverty);若是沒有政府資助，窮人的孩子上不起大學(xué)，那么他們可能代代貧窮(remainpoorthroughouttheirlifespanandevenacrossgenerations.)；?教育能夠提升一個人的工作能力（improveproductivity),從而提升一個國家的產(chǎn)出能力，對國家的繁榮(prosperity)有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響（havefa