新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第40課課件

Lesson40FoodandtalkLesson4014.fixv.凝視；盯著fixat=stareat=gazeatThekidisfixingathisnewtoy.vt.固定，安裝Shefixedahandleonthedoor.vt.修理Iamabletofixthecomputer.4.fixv.凝視；盯著21.ThehostessaskedmetositnexttoMrs.Rumbold.asksb.todosth.“在附近”：nextto,beside,by,closeto,near,nearby等.Themannexttomewasdrunktoomuch.坐在我旁邊的那個(gè)男人喝太多Theysangsongsbythecampfire.

他們圍著篝火在唱歌.asksb.todosth.“在附近”：next32.Hereyeswerefixedonherplateandinashorttime,shewasbusy

eating.bebusywithsth

忙于某事bebusydoingsth

忙于做某事Heisbusywashingclothes.Mybrotherisbusywithhishomework.3.“Anewplayiscomingto‘TheGlobe’soon,”Isaid.“Willyoubeseeingit?”(1)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示接近的未來(lái)，“即將會(huì)”。用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)提問(wèn)，尤其是提出問(wèn)題但又不想迫使對(duì)方做出明確答復(fù)時(shí)，將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)可以顯得比一般將來(lái)時(shí)will更委婉客氣。2.Hereyeswerefixedonherp43.Lastweekatadinnerparty,thehostessaskedmetositnexttoMrs.Rumbold.介詞at通常用于小型集體活動(dòng)之前，比較大型的活動(dòng)會(huì)用介詞in。atameeting（在會(huì)議上）；ataconcert（在音樂(lè)會(huì)上）；atawedding（在婚禮上）等等。4.Mrs.Rumboldwasalarge,unsmilingladyinatightblackdress.

unsmiling的反義詞是smiling（微笑的，喜氣洋洋的）。有些形容詞前面可以加上前綴un－l來(lái)表示相反的意思，比如：comfortable－uncomfortable；true－untrue；interesting－

uninteresting等等。5.ShedidnotevenlookupwhenItookmyseatbesideher.Takeaseat和takeone’sseat都表示“讓某人坐下”，這種用法要比sitdown更加正式。by/beside是貼近的旁邊；而near是有一段距離的附近。所以，句子中的beside可以用by互換3.Lastweekatadinnerparty56.Indespair,Iaskedherwhethershewasenjoyingherdinner.這里indespair是副詞，表示“失望之中”。比如：IspenthourstryingtofixtheTV,butgaveupindespair.我花了幾個(gè)小時(shí)修電視機(jī)，但是失望地放棄了。同時(shí)，Iaskedherwhethershewasenjoyingherdinner.也是我們上節(jié)課所講到的“間接引語(yǔ)”的語(yǔ)法。7.‘Youngman,’sheanswered,‘ifyouatemoreandtalkedless,wewouldbothenjoyourdinner!’

課文的最后一句涉及到這課我們要講的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：非真實(shí)條件句。If所引導(dǎo)的條件句使用的是eat和talk的過(guò)去時(shí)ate和talked，表示所假設(shè)的事情是與現(xiàn)在的已知事實(shí)相反。（實(shí)際上作者是吃的少，說(shuō)的多。）而后面的主句也同樣使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，表示一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣。6.Indespair,Iaskedherwhe6語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來(lái)表示。語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和7虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣只用于非真實(shí)條件句中，表達(dá)假設(shè)的或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性不大的情況，通常表達(dá)的只是一種愿望、假設(shè)、懷疑或是推測(cè)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣只用于非真實(shí)條件句中，表達(dá)假設(shè)的或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性8

一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與過(guò)去相反的假設(shè)與將來(lái)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（動(dòng)詞be用were)主語(yǔ)+should/would/Might/could＋動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)＋should/would/might/could＋havedone1、If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)＋should,wouldmight,could＋動(dòng)詞原形一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與9eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.

Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.

IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我是你，我就會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)．如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼，我就給他打電話了．如果明天下雨的話，我們會(huì)取消比賽．IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshould\weretoraintomorrow,wewouldcalloffthematch.Morepractice:eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldatte10使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：１．當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你聽(tīng)我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了．如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)是大學(xué)生了．使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：１．當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和11２．省略句

在條件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式．IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.２．省略句IfIwereatschoolagain12二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的運(yùn)用（1）用于賓語(yǔ)從句１、wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望would/might/could＋動(dòng)詞原形對(duì)過(guò)去的愿望過(guò)去完成時(shí)Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Icouldfly.Iwish(that)Ihadforgottenit.二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的運(yùn)用（1）用于賓語(yǔ)從句１、wish引132.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,decide等Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時(shí)，insist表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意．那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢．2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。insi14特例suggestinsist建議表明暗示堅(jiān)決要求堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為陳述語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should)do特例suggest建議陳述語(yǔ)氣15

在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名詞后的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”should可以省略．（2）用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.在suggestion/proposal/o16A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：should+動(dòng)詞原形（should可以省略）我們有必要出去散散步。It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.

2

她這樣做是很自然的。It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.

3

重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.

（3）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中A.在句型“Itisimportant(necess17B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中，從句用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中，從句也常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型

It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/o18

1.

Itis(high/about/the)timethat…從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式或should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略．三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句表達(dá)一種強(qiáng)烈的愿望（要是．．．該有多好啊)，規(guī)則同wish,表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去式;如果是過(guò)去的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)

IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!1.Itis(high/about/the)19

3.

asif(asthough)看起來(lái),引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。

常用虛擬形式，即：對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)事實(shí)的假設(shè)，從句用過(guò)去時(shí)；(be用were)對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的假設(shè)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(haddone)對(duì)未來(lái)事實(shí)的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)用would+動(dòng)詞原形Shetalksasifshewereinnocent.Hewaswalkingasthoughithadhurthisleg.Itseemsasifthemeetingwouldneverend.3.asif(asthough)看起來(lái),引導(dǎo)204.evenif(eventhough)即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.4.evenif(eventhough)即使Ev21

Lesson40FoodandtalkLesson40224.fixv.凝視；盯著fixat=stareat=gazeatThekidisfixingathisnewtoy.vt.固定，安裝Shefixedahandleonthedoor.vt.修理Iamabletofixthecomputer.4.fixv.凝視；盯著231.ThehostessaskedmetositnexttoMrs.Rumbold.asksb.todosth.“在附近”：nextto,beside,by,closeto,near,nearby等.Themannexttomewasdrunktoomuch.坐在我旁邊的那個(gè)男人喝太多Theysangsongsbythecampfire.

他們圍著篝火在唱歌.asksb.todosth.“在附近”：next242.Hereyeswerefixedonherplateandinashorttime,shewasbusy

eating.bebusywithsth

忙于某事bebusydoingsth

忙于做某事Heisbusywashingclothes.Mybrotherisbusywithhishomework.3.“Anewplayiscomingto‘TheGlobe’soon,”Isaid.“Willyoubeseeingit?”(1)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示接近的未來(lái)，“即將會(huì)”。用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)提問(wèn)，尤其是提出問(wèn)題但又不想迫使對(duì)方做出明確答復(fù)時(shí)，將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)可以顯得比一般將來(lái)時(shí)will更委婉客氣。2.Hereyeswerefixedonherp253.Lastweekatadinnerparty,thehostessaskedmetositnexttoMrs.Rumbold.介詞at通常用于小型集體活動(dòng)之前，比較大型的活動(dòng)會(huì)用介詞in。atameeting（在會(huì)議上）；ataconcert（在音樂(lè)會(huì)上）；atawedding（在婚禮上）等等。4.Mrs.Rumboldwasalarge,unsmilingladyinatightblackdress.

unsmiling的反義詞是smiling（微笑的，喜氣洋洋的）。有些形容詞前面可以加上前綴un－l來(lái)表示相反的意思，比如：comfortable－uncomfortable；true－untrue；interesting－

uninteresting等等。5.ShedidnotevenlookupwhenItookmyseatbesideher.Takeaseat和takeone’sseat都表示“讓某人坐下”，這種用法要比sitdown更加正式。by/beside是貼近的旁邊；而near是有一段距離的附近。所以，句子中的beside可以用by互換3.Lastweekatadinnerparty266.Indespair,Iaskedherwhethershewasenjoyingherdinner.這里indespair是副詞，表示“失望之中”。比如：IspenthourstryingtofixtheTV,butgaveupindespair.我花了幾個(gè)小時(shí)修電視機(jī)，但是失望地放棄了。同時(shí)，Iaskedherwhethershewasenjoyingherdinner.也是我們上節(jié)課所講到的“間接引語(yǔ)”的語(yǔ)法。7.‘Youngman,’sheanswered,‘ifyouatemoreandtalkedless,wewouldbothenjoyourdinner!’

課文的最后一句涉及到這課我們要講的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：非真實(shí)條件句。If所引導(dǎo)的條件句使用的是eat和talk的過(guò)去時(shí)ate和talked，表示所假設(shè)的事情是與現(xiàn)在的已知事實(shí)相反。（實(shí)際上作者是吃的少，說(shuō)的多。）而后面的主句也同樣使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，表示一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣。6.Indespair,Iaskedherwhe27語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來(lái)表示。語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和28虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣只用于非真實(shí)條件句中，表達(dá)假設(shè)的或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性不大的情況，通常表達(dá)的只是一種愿望、假設(shè)、懷疑或是推測(cè)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣只用于非真實(shí)條件句中，表達(dá)假設(shè)的或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性29

一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與過(guò)去相反的假設(shè)與將來(lái)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（動(dòng)詞be用were)主語(yǔ)+should/would/Might/could＋動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)＋should/would/might/could＋havedone1、If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)＋should,wouldmight,could＋動(dòng)詞原形一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與30eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.

Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.

IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我是你，我就會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)．如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼，我就給他打電話了．如果明天下雨的話，我們會(huì)取消比賽．IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshould\weretoraintomorrow,wewouldcalloffthematch.Morepractice:eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldatte31使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：１．當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你聽(tīng)我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了．如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)是大學(xué)生了．使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：１．當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和32２．省略句

在條件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式．IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.２．省略句IfIwereatschoolagain33二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的運(yùn)用（1）用于賓語(yǔ)從句１、wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望would/might/could＋動(dòng)詞原形對(duì)過(guò)去的愿望過(guò)去完成時(shí)Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Icouldfly.Iwish(that)Ihadforgottenit.二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的運(yùn)用（1）用于賓語(yǔ)從句１、wish引342.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,decide等Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時(shí)，insist表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意．那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢．2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。insi35特例suggestinsist建議表明暗示堅(jiān)決要求堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為陳述語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should)do特例suggest建議陳述語(yǔ)氣36

在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名詞后的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”should可以省略．（2）用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.在suggestion/proposal/o37A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：should+動(dòng)詞原形（should可以省略）我們有必要出去散散步。It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.

2

她這樣做是很自然的。It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.