新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第二冊unit2課文重點(diǎn)句子解析+詞匯解析

新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第二冊unit2課文重點(diǎn)句子解析+詞匯解析新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第二冊unit2課文重點(diǎn)句子解析+詞匯解析新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第二冊unit2課文重點(diǎn)句子解析+詞匯解析xxx公司新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第二冊unit2課文重點(diǎn)句子解析+詞匯解析文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度Unit2WordsandExpressions1Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughtakeaccounting.(Para.1)Meaning:Whenconditionsorsituationsbecomedifficult,determinedpeoplechoosetostudythesubjectofaccounting,hopingtheycanmoreeasilyfindajobinthefuture.★whenthegoinggetstough:whenthesituationbecomesdifficult當(dāng)形勢變得嚴(yán)峻時(shí)e.g.Whenthegoinggetstough,womencangetastoughasmen.當(dāng)形勢變得嚴(yán)峻時(shí)，女人可以變得跟男人一樣堅(jiān)強(qiáng)?！颽ccounting:n.[U]theworkofaccountantsorthemethodstheyuse會(huì)計(jì)；會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)e.g.Students’majorobjectiveistobefinanciallywelloff.Accordingly,todaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.學(xué)生的主要目的是在經(jīng)濟(jì)上富裕。因此，當(dāng)今最流行的課程不是文學(xué)或歷史，而是會(huì)計(jì)?！飔akeaccounting:choosetostudythesubjectofaccounting選擇學(xué)會(huì)計(jì)2Whenthejobmarketworsens,manystudentscalculatetheycan’tmajorinEnglishorhistory.(Para.1)Meaning:Whentherearefewerjobopenings,manycollegestudentsmakeajudgmentfromthesituationandthinktheycan’tstudyEnglishorhistoryastheirmajor.Meaningbeyondwords:Manystudentswillnottaketheclassesthatwon’thelpthemlocateadecentjoblater.★majorin:(AmE)studysth.asyourmainsubjectatcollegeoruniversity主修（某一）科目e.g.ThehighdemandforpersonswithknowledgeaboutcomputersiswhyIchosetomajorincomputerscienceattheuniversity.對具有電腦知識(shí)人才的高需求是我選擇在大學(xué)主修計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的原因。3Theyhavetostudysomethingthatbooststheirprospectsoflandingajob.(Para.1)Meaning:Theyhavetostudysomethingthatimprovestheirchancesofsuccessinfindingajob.★boost:vt.increaseorimprovesth.tomakeitmoresuccessful促進(jìn)；推動(dòng)；使興旺e.g.Somecountrieshopethatwarmerweatherandmorerainwillboosttheirfarmoutput.一些國家希望更溫暖的天氣和更多的降雨能提高他們的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量?！飌rospect:n.[C,U]sth.thatispossibleorlikelytohappeninthefuture,orthepossibilityitself可能的事情；很可能發(fā)生的事情；前景e.g.Careerprospectsinscienceandtechnologyarevirtuallyunlimited.科技類職業(yè)的前景幾乎是無可限量的。4Thedatashowthatasstudentshaveincreasinglyshoulderedtheever-risingcostoftuition,theyhavedefectedfromthestudyofthehumanitiesandtowardappliedscienceand“hard”skillsthattheybetwillleadtoemployment.(Para.2)Meaning:Thefactsandinformationshowthatasstudentshavespentincreasinglymoremoneyontuition,theyhaveturnedawayfromthehumanitiestosomepracticalcoursesthattheybelievewillenablethemtogetajobmoreeasily.★defect:vi.leaveacountry,politicalparty,ororganizationtogotoanotherone背叛；叛逃e.g.Hedefectedfromthepartyinthelate1970s.他在20世紀(jì)70年代后期背叛了該黨。n.[C]afaultinsb.orsth.缺點(diǎn)；欠缺；不足之處e.g.Stammeringisprobablyaninheriteddefect.口吃可能是一種遺傳缺陷。UsageNOTEdefect,deficiency1在表示“人的缺點(diǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)制造方面的缺點(diǎn)或缺陷”時(shí)，名詞defect和deficiency的詞義相近。例：physiologicaldefect/deficiency生理缺陷Thenewcarhadtobewithdrawnfromthemarketbecauseofamechanicaldefect.這款新汽車因有機(jī)械缺陷，必須被撤出市場。Thedeficiencyofthisplanisveryclear,soitcan’tpossiblysucceed.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的缺陷是很明顯的，所以它不可能成功。2但表示“缺少；不足”（shortage）時(shí)，只可用deficiency。例：Thereareseriousdeficienciesinthenumberofsuitableaircraft.符合要求的飛機(jī)數(shù)量嚴(yán)重不足。Duringthewarchildrensufferedfromadeficiencyoffood.戰(zhàn)爭期間孩子們遭受了缺乏食物之苦?！颽pplied:a.(usu.beforenoun)usedfordescribingeducationalsubjectswhentheyarestudiedfortheirpracticaluses（學(xué)科）應(yīng)用的，實(shí)用的e.g.Industryleaderswantscientiststoengageinbasicresearch,notappliedresearch.產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們希望科學(xué)家們從事基礎(chǔ)研究，而不是應(yīng)用研究。5Inotherwords,acollegeeducationismoreandmoreseenasameansforeconomicbettermentratherthanameansforhumanbetterment.(Para.2)Meaning:Inotherwords,acollegeeducationismoreconsideredasamethodtoimprovestudents’futureeconomicstatusratherthanimprovehumannatureorbehavior.Meaningbeyondwords:Thequalityofacollegeeducationisincreasinglyquestionablebecausethetrendamongmanycollegesistobecomemorelikeabusinessandlesslikeanacademicsetting.6Thisisatrendthatislikelytopersistandevenaccelerate.(Para.2)Meaning:Verylikely,thetrendwillcontinuetoexistandevengofasterthanever.★persist:vi.1)(fml.)continuetoexist繼續(xù)存在；持續(xù)e.g.Ifthebadweatherpersists,thefarmerswillsuffergreatlossesthisyear.如果惡劣天氣持續(xù)，農(nóng)民今年將遭受巨大的損失。2)continuetodosth.,althoughthisisdifficult,orotherpeopleopposeit堅(jiān)持；執(zhí)意e.g.Studentsmustpersistintheireffortsiftheywishtodowell.學(xué)生如果想取得好成績就必須堅(jiān)持努力。UsageNOTEpersist,insist1persist可用于表示“繼續(xù)存在；持續(xù)”,尤其用于不好的事情，而insist沒有此意。例：Contactyourdoctorifthecoughpersists.如果咳嗽持續(xù)，請聯(lián)系您的醫(yī)生。2persist和insist容易混淆主要是當(dāng)兩者均表示“堅(jiān)持”時(shí)。persist用于表示“堅(jiān)持”時(shí)，表示“堅(jiān)持反復(fù)做同一件事”，后接介詞in，多用于褒義，指“堅(jiān)持繼續(xù)做某事”，有時(shí)用于貶義，指“不聽勸告；頑固堅(jiān)持”。例：Hermothertriedtopersuadehertogotobedearly,butshepersistedinworkinguntilthesmallhours.她的母親勸她早點(diǎn)睡，但她仍堅(jiān)持工作到凌晨。Hepersistedindrinkingeventhoughthedoctorhadtoldhimthatitdidharmtohisbody.即使醫(yī)生告訴他飲酒傷身，他仍堅(jiān)持飲酒。insist用于表示“堅(jiān)持”時(shí)，表示“堅(jiān)持做某件事（尤指麻煩或令人討厭的事）”，后接介詞on。例：SheinsistedonwashingherhairjustwhenIwantedtohaveabath.當(dāng)我想泡個(gè)澡時(shí)，她還在那洗頭。3insist還可用于表示“對意見、主張等的堅(jiān)持”。insist用于此意時(shí)，后可接介詞on，也可以接that引導(dǎo)的從句（是否用虛擬語氣，視情況而定，即看從句內(nèi)容是否為事實(shí)），而persist無此意。例：Theyinsistonhavingajobdonewellnomatterhowmuchtimeisrequired.他們堅(jiān)持無論需要多少時(shí)間都要將工作做好。Thedoctorinsistedthatshe(should)takethemedicine,butsheinsistedthatshewasnotill.醫(yī)生堅(jiān)持讓她服此藥，但她堅(jiān)持自己沒病。★accelerate:v.happenormakesth.happenatafasterrate（使）加快；促進(jìn)e.g.Humanactivitiescancauseoracceleratepermanentchangesinnaturalsystems.人類的活動(dòng)可能導(dǎo)致或加速自然系統(tǒng)的永久變化。7Overthenextfewyears,aslabormarketsstruggle,thehumanitieswillprobablycontinuetheirlongslideinsuccession.(Para.3)Meaning:Forthenextfewyears,asthegoinggetstoughwithlabormarkets,thesubjectsofthehumanitieswillcontinuetoshrinkandworsenforalongtimeeachyear.★insuccession:happeningoneaftertheotherwithoutanythingdifferenthappeninginbetween連續(xù)發(fā)生地；接連發(fā)生地e.g.Sheisanaccomplishedathleteandwonthechampionshipfourtimesinsuccession.她是一名成功的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，連續(xù)四次獲得冠軍。8Therealreadyhasbeenanearly50percentdeclineintheportionofliberalartsmajorsoverthepastgeneration,anditislogicaltothinkthatthetrendisboundtocontinueorevenaccelerate.(Para.3)Meaning:Basedonthefactthattherealreadyhasbeenabout50percentdecreaseinthenumberofstudentsmajoringinliberalartsoverthepastyears,itisreasonabletothinkthatthetrendwillsurelycontinueorevenspeedup.★liberal:a.1)(~arts)schoolorcollegesubjectsthatgivestudentsageneraleducationandteachthemtothinkratherthanthosesubjectsthatdeveloppracticalskills文科e.g.Theliberalartsarecollegeoruniversitysubjectssuchashistory,languagesandliteraturebutnotsciences.文科是學(xué)院或大學(xué)的如歷史、語言和文學(xué)之類的學(xué)習(xí)科目，而不是理科學(xué)科。2)acceptingdifferentopinionsandwaysofbehavingandtendingtobesympathetictootherpeople心胸寬廣的；開明的e.g.Sheisknowntohaveliberalviewsondivorce.人們知道她對離婚持有開明的觀點(diǎn)。★bound:a.(~to)sth.thatisboundtohappenwillalmostcertainlyhappen一定的；幾乎肯定的e.g.Theweatherisboundtogetbettertomorrow.明天的天氣肯定更好。9Oncethedominantpillarsofuniversitylife,thehumanitiesnowplaylittleroleswhenstudentstaketheircollegetours.Thesedays,labsaremorevividandcompellingthanlibraries.(Para.3)Meaning:Thehumanitiesthatoncedominateduniversitylifenowplayatrivialrolewhenstudentshavetheircollegevisits;nowadays,labsaremoreeye-catchingandfascinatingthanlibraries.Meaningbeyondwords:Librarieswereoncetheonlyplacewherestudentsspentmuchtimereadingmaterials,doingresearchandwritingpapers.However,asmorestudentsaretakingsciencecourses,labswherestudentsdoscientificexperimentsplayamoreimportantroleforlearningthantraditionallibraries.★dominant:a.moreimportant,powerful,orsuccessfulthantheotherpeopleorthingsofthesametype有優(yōu)勢的；占統(tǒng)治地位的e.g.Unemploymentratewillbethedominantissueatthenextpresidentelection.失業(yè)率將是下次總統(tǒng)選舉中的主要話題?！飌illar:n.[C]1)averyimportantpartofasystemofbeliefsorideas（信仰或思想）非常重要的部分e.g.Equalityisoneofthepillarsofastablesociety.平等是一個(gè)穩(wěn)定社會(huì)的支柱之一。2)athickstronguprightpostthatsupportspartofabuilding柱子；支柱e.g.Eightmassivestonepillarssupportedtheroof.八根巨大的石柱支撐起房頂。★compel:vt.forcesb.todosth.強(qiáng)迫；迫使e.g.Asaschoolboy,hewascompelledtowearshortseveninwinter.當(dāng)他還是一個(gè)在校的小男孩時(shí)，即使在冬天他也被迫穿短褲。UsageNOTEcompel,oblige,force這三個(gè)詞都有“強(qiáng)迫”之意，但程度不同。1compel表示“強(qiáng)迫；迫使”，指“運(yùn)用權(quán)力、力量迫使對方做某事”，尤其在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中含“別無他法；不得不做”之意，compel的意義比force弱。例：Hisillnesscompelledhimtostayinbed.他的病迫使他臥床休息。2oblige表示“強(qiáng)制；不得不”，指“因法律、道義、習(xí)俗或許諾的約束而必須去做某事”，多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，語氣相對較弱。例：Weareobligedtostopthecarataredlight.我們遇到紅燈時(shí)必須停車。3force表示“強(qiáng)迫；迫使；逼迫”，指“以暴力威脅、武力強(qiáng)迫對方做某事”，后面跟的動(dòng)作常是不情愿做的事，force的語氣比compel和oblige強(qiáng)。例：Thepoorpeasantwasforcedtosellhisdaughtertothelandlord.那位貧窮的農(nóng)民被迫將自己的女兒賣給地主?！颿ompelling:erestingorexcitingenoughtokeepyourattentioncompletely有強(qiáng)烈吸引力的；引人入勝的e.g.SteveJobs’lifemakesacompellingstory.史蒂夫·喬布斯的一生是一個(gè)引人入勝的故事。10Here,pleaseallowmetostandupforandpromotethetruevaluethatthehumanitiesaddtopeople’slives.(Para.4)Meaning:Ihereaskforyourpermissiontoletmedefendandadvertisethetruevaluethatthehumanitiesbringtopeople’slives.★standupfor:supportordefendapersonoranideawhentheyarebeingattacked支持；保衛(wèi)；維護(hù)e.g.Marystoodupformeatthemeeting,sparingmesomeembarrassment.瑪麗在會(huì)議上支持了我，使我免受了一些尷尬?！飌romote:vt.supportorencouragesth.支持；鼓勵(lì)；提倡e.g.Toacknowledgeothercultureswillpromotegoodwillamongpeopleofdifferentbackgrounds.承認(rèn)別人的文化會(huì)促進(jìn)不同背景的人之間的友好親善。11Sinceancienttimes,peoplehavespeculatedaboutthemysteryofthoseinnerforcesthatdrivesomepeopletogreatnessandotherstoself-destruction.(Para.4)Meaning:Eversinceancienttimes,peoplehavethoughtcarefullyandseriouslywhythemysteriousforcescomingfromtheirinnerworldcouldbesopowerfulthatitcouldmakesomepeoplegreatwhileothersmorallydeteriorate.★speculate:v.considerordiscusswhysth.hashappened思索；沉思；推測；猜測e.g.Archeologistsspeculatethatpeoplefirstreachedtheislandsover1,000yearsago.考古學(xué)家們推測人類第一次到達(dá)這些島嶼是在一千多年前。speculateabout/on:makeguessesaboutthepossiblecausesoreffectsofsth.withoutknowingallthefactsordetails猜測；推測e.g.Itistooearlytospeculateabouttheoutcomeofthenegotiationsbetweentheworkersunionandthecompany’sleadership.要推測工會(huì)和公司管理層之間的談判結(jié)果，還為時(shí)過早。12Thisinnerdrivehasbeencalledmanythingsoverthecenturies.(Para.4)Meaning:Overthepastcenturies,manydifferentnameshavebeenusedtodescribethisinnerforceofhumanbeings.13Thefamouspsychologist,SigmundFreud,calleditthe“unconsciousmind”or,morefamiliarly,“instinct”.(Para.4)Meaning:SigmundFreud,afamouspsychologist,namedittheunintentionalmindor,morefamiliartous,naturalabilitytoknowsomething.14Fromthebeginningoftime,thisinneraspectofourbeing,thisdrivethatcanbeconstructiveordestructive,hascapturedourimagination.(Para.5)Meaning:Sinceancienttimes,itisthisveryinnerforceofourbeing,eitherconstructiveordestructive,thathasstimulatedourimagination.15Thestoriesofthisamazingstrugglehaveformedthebasisofculturestheworldover.(Para.5)Meaning:Itisthesestoriesaboutthisfascinatinginnerstruggleofhumanbeingsthathavelaidthefoundationoftheworldcultures.16Historians,architects,authors,philosophersandartistshavecapturedthewords,imagesandmeaningsofthisinnerstruggleintheformofstory,music,myth,painting,architecture,sculpture,landscapeandtraditions.(Para.5)Meaning:Ourhistorians,architects,authors,philosophersandartistshavesuccessfullycaughtthewords,imagesandmeaningsofthismysteriousinnerforcebywayofstory,music,myth,painting,architecture,sculpture,landscapeandtraditions.★intheformof:inthewaysth.isorappearstobe以…形式；以…方式e.g.Theyreceivedabenefitintheformofataxreduction.他們通過減稅的方式獲益。17Thesemenandwomendevelopedartistic“l(fā)anguages”thathelpusunderstandtheseaspirationsandalsoeducategenerations.(Para.5)Meaning:Theartisticworksandmasterpiecescreatedbythesemenandwomenhelpusunderstandthestrongdesiresandbeautifuldreamsofhumanbeingsandalsohelpeducatefuturegenerations.Meaningbeyondwords:“Language”isinthequotationmarksbecausetheworddoesn’tjustrefertotheregularmeaningbuttoallthethingsmentionedearlier:story,music,myth,painting,architecture,sculpture,landscapeandtraditions.18Thisfertilebodyofworkfromancienttimes,theveryfoundationofcivilization,formsthebasisofstudyofthehumanities.(Para.5)Meaning:Thelargeamountofworkfilledwithrichideasandimaginationfromancienttimes–thefundamentalcomponentsofcivilization–providesthebasisofthestudyofthehumanities.★a/thebodyofsth.:alargeamountormassofsth.,esp.sth.thathasbeencollected大量的某物e.g.Acquiringalanguageislearningaskill,notcollectingabodyofinformation.學(xué)語言是學(xué)習(xí)技能，而不是獲取大量的信息。19Studyingthehumanitiesimprovesourabilitytoreadandwrite.Nomatterwhatwedoinlife,wewillhaveahugeadvantageifwecanreadcomplexideasandunderstandtheirmeaning.Wewillhaveabrightcareerifwearethepersonintheofficewhocanwriteaclearandelegantanalysisofthoseideas!(Para.6)Meaning:Studyingthehumanitieshelpsusimproveourreadingandwritingability.Inwhateversituation,itisagreatadvantageifweunderstandcomplexideasthroughreading.Toillustrate,ifwearethepersonintheofficewhocanwriteandanalyzethosecomplexideasinalogical,clear,intelligentyetsimplemanner,wewillhaveapromisingcareer.SentencestructureNOTEnomatter常與疑問代詞或疑問副詞一起構(gòu)成連詞詞組引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“不管…，無論…”，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1注意從句的時(shí)態(tài)由nomatter引導(dǎo)的從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeytherules.無論你是誰，都應(yīng)該遵守規(guī)則。Ouraimistorecruitthebestpersonforthejob,nomatterwheretheyarefrom.我們的目標(biāo)是招聘到該工作的最佳人選，不管他們來自哪里。2注意被修飾的名詞、形容詞以及副詞的位置nomatterwhat/whose/which修飾名詞時(shí)，該名詞必須緊跟其后；nomatterhow修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，該形容詞或副詞也必須緊跟其后。例如：Nomatterwhichmethodyouuse,youwillgetthesameresult.不管你用哪種方法做，結(jié)果都一樣。Nomatterhowhardheworks,hefindsitdifficulttomakeendsmeet.無論他工作多么努力，他總是入不敷出。20Studyingthehumanitiesmakesusfamiliarwiththelanguageofemotionandthecreativeprocess.(Para.7)Meaning:Wegetmorefamiliarwiththeexpressionsofemotionandtheprocessofcreationbystudyingthehumanities.21Inaninformationeconomy,manypeoplehavetheabilitytoproduceausefulproductsuchasanewMP3player.(Para.7)Meaning:Inaneconomydrivenbyinformation,manypeoplearecapableofproducingausefulcommoditylikeanewMP3player.22Yet,veryfewpeoplehavetheabilitytocreateaspectacularbrand:theiPod.(Para.7)Meaning:ButveryfewpeoplehavetheabilitytocreateanextremelyimpressiveproductnamesuchastheiPod.23Mostimportantly,studyingthehumanitiesinvestsuswithgreatinsightandself-awareness,therebyreleasingourcreativeenergyandtalentinapositiveandconstructivemanner.(Para.7)Meaning:Themostimportantadvantageforustostudythehumanitiesisthatitenablesustobecomemoreanalyticalandself-aware;therefore,ourcreativenessandtalentarebroughtoutinapositiveandconstructiveway.★investsb./sth.withsth.:(fml.)givesb.orsth.aparticularquality賦予（某人或某物）以（某種性質(zhì)）e.g.Naturehasinvestedtheseanimalswithacapacityfornotshowingfear.自然界賦予了這些動(dòng)物不顯露恐懼的本領(lǐng)。★thereby:ad.(fml.)becauseoforbymeansofwhathasjustbeenmentioned因此；從而；借此e.g.Westartedourjourneyearly,therebyavoidingmostofthetraffic.我們早早地開始了我們的旅程，從而避開了交通堵塞的高峰期。24Perhapsthebestargumentinfavorofthehumanitiesisthescopeofpossibilitiesthatarewidelyopentous.(Para.8)Meaning:Themostvalidargumenttosupportthehumanitiesisperhapstheycanprovideuswithawiderangeofopportunities.★infavorof:supportingapersonoranidea,proposal,etc.thatyoubelieveisright支持；贊同e.g.Congresshasdecidedinfavorofa$200millionhousingdevelopment.美國國會(huì)已決定贊成一個(gè)兩億美元發(fā)展住房的計(jì)劃?！飔hescopeof:therangeof范圍e.g.TheStudentAssociationhaspromisedtowidenthescopeofactivities.學(xué)生會(huì)已承諾要擴(kuò)大活動(dòng)范圍。25Famouspeoplewhostudiedthehumanitiesmakealonglistindeed.It’seasytoseethatthehumanitiescanprepareusformanydifferentcareersandjobswecanundertake,whethermedicine,business,scienceorentertainment.(Para.8)Meaning:Itistruethatfamouspeoplewhostudiedthehumanitiescanmakeupalonglist.Obviously,thehumanitiesenableustoengageinmanydifferentcareersandjobs,nomatterwhethertheyaremedicine,business,scienceorentertainment.★undertake:vt.(undertook,undertaken)agreetoberesponsibleforajoborprojectanddoit承擔(dān)；著手做e.g.Dr.JohnsonundertookthetaskofwritingacomprehensiveEnglishdictionary.約翰遜博士著手寫一本詳盡的英語詞典。26Ifwestudyonlymathematics,it’slikelywewillbeacandidateonlyforjobsasamathematician.(Para.8)Meaning:Ifwestudyonlymathematics,verypossiblywewillbeapersonwhoonlycompetesforjobsasamathematician.Meaningbeyondwords:Wecanbemorecompetitiveifwestudythehumanities,togetherwithmathematics.27Ifweincludestudyingthehumanities,wecanmakebreakthroughsonmanybarriersandarelimitedonlybyoureffortandimagination.(Para.8)Meaning:Ifwealsostudythehumanities,wecansuccessfullyremovemanyobstaclesonourwayandstilldevelopourpotentialunlesswedon’ttryenoughandlackimagination.28Ofcourse,nowadays,ifwestudythehumanitiesalone,weareliabletomissmanyopportunities.(Para.9)Meaning:Itisforsurethatnowadaysifwestudythehumanitiesalone,wearelikelytomissmanychancesoropportunities.★liable:(be~todosth.)likelytodosth.inaparticularwaybecauseofafaultortendency可能(易于)做某事的e.g.Manypartsofthecountryareliabletosufferfromflooding.該國的許多地方易遭水災(zāi)。29Insummary,thehumani