美國文學(xué)史及選讀chapter-25toni-Alice課件

ChapterTwenty-fiveBlackFemaleWriters

ChapterTwenty-fiveBlackFemal1ToniMorrison(1931-)Winnerofthe1993NobelPrizeinLiterature

I’minterestedinsurvival

whosurvivesandwhodoesnot,andwhyandIwouldliketochartacoursethatsuggestswherethedangersareandwherethesafetymightbe.ToniMorrisonToniMorrison(1931-)Winner2Life,EducationandCareerShewasborninNorthernOhio,hisgrandfatherwasaslaveduringtheCivilWarandnevertrustedthewhitepeople;hisfatherworkedonthreejobsatthesametimetosupporthisfamily.Morrisongrewupwithastrongsenseofherracialidentityandcarriesstrongsenseherblackheritage.ShewaseducatedatHowarduniversityandCornelluniversity.In1953,receivedB.A.atHowardUniversity;In1955,receivedM.A.atCornellUniversity.

Life,EducationandCareerShe3Life,EducationandCareerShebeganwritingintheearly1960sandpublishedherfirstnovel,TheBluestEyein1970.MorrisonisanAward-winningwriter.Themanyliteraryawardsincludethenationalbookaward,thenationalbookcriticscircleaward,thePulitzerPrize,andtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1993.Sheisaninternationalcelebrity.Life,EducationandCareerShe4HerWorksTheBluestEye1970Sula1970SongofSolomon1977TarBaby1981Beloved1987Jazz1992Paradise1998《最藍的眼睛》《秀拉》《所羅門之歌》《柏油娃娃》《爵士樂》《樂園》《寵兒》HerWorks《最藍的眼睛》《秀拉》《所羅門之歌》《柏5ThemesinMorrison'sNovelsSenseofLoss

Roots,Community,andIdentity

Ancestors

ExtremeSituations

ThemesinMorrison'sNovelsSen6TheFeaturesofToniMorrison’sworksShewroteabouttheblackpeople,fortheblackpeopleandtotheblackreadership(talkingtothetribe).Herworksaimstoempowertheblackpeopletoactforthemselves,torecognizetheirownworld,theirownhistory,andtheirownidentity.Morrisonwantsherprosetorecreateblackspeech,"torestorethelanguagethatblackpeoplespoketoitsoriginalpower";

TheFeaturesofToniMorrison’7TheFeaturesofToniMorrison’sworksAsforherstyle,sheisnotrestrictedtothesocialrealism,sheappliesblackmythsandlegendsinherstories,andusessymbolismtorevealtheracialproblemsinAmericansociety.Soherworkscarryasenseofmagicandsupernaturalpower.TheFeaturesofToniMorrison’8AnalysisofSongofSolomonPublishedin1977ThethirdnovelwhichshowhermatureinstyleandestablishedherplaceincontemporaryAmericanliterature.AnalysisofSongofSolomonPub9CharacterlistTheDeads:MaconDead

MaconDeadII&RuthPilateMaconDeadIII(Milkman)Reba

HagarCharacterlistTheDeads:10

SongofSolomonPleasereadtheplotofSongofSolomonatpage542,andthenformageneralpictureofthisnovel.PleasereadtheplotofSongo11ThemesinthisNovelThemeofFlightThemeofmaturingThemesinthisNovelThemeofF12AliceWalkerAliceWalker13AliceWalker(1944-)AfeministblackwriterTheblackwomanstrugglingtowardsself-realizationinahostileenvironmentisathemeinmuchofherwork.AliceWalker(1944-)Afeminis14AliceWalker(1944-)Briefintroduction:Herworkshaveattractedtheattentionofreadersandcriticalike.Shewasbornintoasharecropper’sfamilyinEaton,Georgia.Shebeganwritingincollegeandpublishedherfirstworks-poemsaswellasstories—in1965.AliceWalker(1944-)Briefint15AliceWalker(1944-)Latershereceivedfellowshipsinsupportofherwritingcareer.Shehas,byvirtueofthegreatamountoffiction,poetry,andessaysshehaswrittenovertheyears,madeherselfacentralfigureincontemporaryAmericanliterature.AliceWalker(1944-)Latershe16TheColorPurple(1982)《紫顏色》TheAmericanBookAward;ThePulitzerPrizeAnepistolaryNovelAgreatbookbothinthematicandformaltermsTheColorPurple(1982)《紫顏色》T17CharacterlistCeliethefemaleprotagonistNettieCelie’sSisterFonsoCelie’sstepfatherAlbert(Mr.)Celie’sHusbandShugAveryAlbert’sloverandCelie’sspiritguiderAdamandOliviaCelie’ssonanddaughterCharacterlistCelie18AliceWalker(1944-)Masterpiece:TheColorPurpleisanepistolarynovel.Itconsistsof90letters,ofwhichovertwothirds（61innumber),

Celiewrotetogod,14tohersisterNettie,and15NettiewrotetoCelie.ThestorycentersonCelie’slife,withNettie’sAfricanadventureascomplementary.Itisagreatbookbothinthematicandformalterms.AliceWalker(1944-)Masterpie19Thematically:P547-548AfricanAmericanwomen’sgrowthagainstthebackdropofsocialandfamilialoppression2.Blackmen’schangeandgrowthaswellThematically:P547-548African20Informalterms:p549ThenarrativeschemeandthesuspenseThelanguageThesymbolism:thecolorpurple

Informalterms:p549Thenarra21SymbolicmeaningofthecolorpurpleThetitleispregnantwithmeaning.Thecolorpurpleindicatesdignity,love,humanfellowshipandsurvivingwholeaswellassufferingandpain(ifwethinkofthecolorasthatofaneggplant,acombinationofblueandred).ItrepresentsGod’screation,commonhumanity,significantandnottobeignored.AltogetherTheColorPurpleisaveryimportantworkinAmericanliteraryhistory.Symbolicmeaningofthecolor22CommentonTheColorPurpleAliceWalker'sTheColorPurpleisanexampleofa"woman'snovel."Thismeansnotjustthatitwaswrittenbyawoman,butthatitcarriesonanidentifiedtraditionofwomen'swriting,intermsofnarrativestrategies,themesaddressed,andvoice.CommentonTheColorPurpleAli23QuotationsfromTheColorPurple“Youbetternotnevertellnobodybutgod.It’dkillyourmammy”—(page1)“ButIDon’tknowhowtofight.AllIknowhowtodoisstayalive."(page18)

QuotationsfromTheColorPurp24

Well,ustalkandtalkboutGod,butI’mstilladrift.Tryingtochasethatoldwhitemanoutofmyhead,IbeensobusythinkingbouthimInevertrulynoticenothinggodmake…Mancorrupteverything,sayShug.Heonyourboxofgrits,inyourhead,andallovertheradio.Hetrytomakeyouthinkheeverywhere.Soonasyouthinkheeverywhere,youthinkheGod.Butheain’t.Wheneveryoutryingtopray,andplophimselfontheotherendofit,tellhimgitlost,sayShug.Conjureupflowers,wind,water,abigrock.Butthishardwork,letmetellyou.Hebeentheresolong,hedon’twanttobudge.Hethreatenlightening,floodsandearthquakes.Usfight.Ihardlyprayatall.EverytimeIconjureuparock,Ithrowit.Amen.(page204)Well,ustalkandtalkboutG25

Icurseyou,Isay.Whatthatmean?Hesay.Isay,Untilyoudomerightbyme,everythingyoutouchwillcrumble.Helaugh.Whoyouthinkyouis?Hesay.Youcan’tcursenobody.Lookatyou.Youblack.Youpore,youugly,youawoman.Goddam,hesay,younothingatall…I’mpore,I’mblack,Imaybeuglyandcan’tcook,avoicesaytooeverythinglistening.ButI’mhere.Amen,sayShug.Amen,amen.(pages213-214)Icurseyou,Isay.26

Eventually,CeliestopsthinkingofGodasshestopsthinkingoftheothermeninherlife—she“gitmanoffhereyeball”andtellsGodoff,writing,“Youmustbesleep.”ButafterCeliehaschasedherpatriarchalGodawayandcomeupwithanewconceptofGod,shewritesinherlastletter,“DearGod.Dearstars,deartrees,dearsky,dearpeople.DearEverything.DearGod.”(page293)ThisreimaginingofGodonherowntermssymbolizesCelie’smovefromanobjectofsomeoneelse’scaretoanindependentwoman.

Eventually,Celiestopsthink27TheEndTheEnd28ChapterTwenty-fiveBlackFemaleWriters

ChapterTwenty-fiveBlackFemal29ToniMorrison(1931-)Winnerofthe1993NobelPrizeinLiterature

I’minterestedinsurvival

whosurvivesandwhodoesnot,andwhyandIwouldliketochartacoursethatsuggestswherethedangersareandwherethesafetymightbe.ToniMorrisonToniMorrison(1931-)Winner30Life,EducationandCareerShewasborninNorthernOhio,hisgrandfatherwasaslaveduringtheCivilWarandnevertrustedthewhitepeople;hisfatherworkedonthreejobsatthesametimetosupporthisfamily.Morrisongrewupwithastrongsenseofherracialidentityandcarriesstrongsenseherblackheritage.ShewaseducatedatHowarduniversityandCornelluniversity.In1953,receivedB.A.atHowardUniversity;In1955,receivedM.A.atCornellUniversity.

Life,EducationandCareerShe31Life,EducationandCareerShebeganwritingintheearly1960sandpublishedherfirstnovel,TheBluestEyein1970.MorrisonisanAward-winningwriter.Themanyliteraryawardsincludethenationalbookaward,thenationalbookcriticscircleaward,thePulitzerPrize,andtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1993.Sheisaninternationalcelebrity.Life,EducationandCareerShe32HerWorksTheBluestEye1970Sula1970SongofSolomon1977TarBaby1981Beloved1987Jazz1992Paradise1998《最藍的眼睛》《秀拉》《所羅門之歌》《柏油娃娃》《爵士樂》《樂園》《寵兒》HerWorks《最藍的眼睛》《秀拉》《所羅門之歌》《柏33ThemesinMorrison'sNovelsSenseofLoss

Roots,Community,andIdentity

Ancestors

ExtremeSituations

ThemesinMorrison'sNovelsSen34TheFeaturesofToniMorrison’sworksShewroteabouttheblackpeople,fortheblackpeopleandtotheblackreadership(talkingtothetribe).Herworksaimstoempowertheblackpeopletoactforthemselves,torecognizetheirownworld,theirownhistory,andtheirownidentity.Morrisonwantsherprosetorecreateblackspeech,"torestorethelanguagethatblackpeoplespoketoitsoriginalpower";

TheFeaturesofToniMorrison’35TheFeaturesofToniMorrison’sworksAsforherstyle,sheisnotrestrictedtothesocialrealism,sheappliesblackmythsandlegendsinherstories,andusessymbolismtorevealtheracialproblemsinAmericansociety.Soherworkscarryasenseofmagicandsupernaturalpower.TheFeaturesofToniMorrison’36AnalysisofSongofSolomonPublishedin1977ThethirdnovelwhichshowhermatureinstyleandestablishedherplaceincontemporaryAmericanliterature.AnalysisofSongofSolomonPub37CharacterlistTheDeads:MaconDead

MaconDeadII&RuthPilateMaconDeadIII(Milkman)Reba

HagarCharacterlistTheDeads:38

SongofSolomonPleasereadtheplotofSongofSolomonatpage542,andthenformageneralpictureofthisnovel.PleasereadtheplotofSongo39ThemesinthisNovelThemeofFlightThemeofmaturingThemesinthisNovelThemeofF40AliceWalkerAliceWalker41AliceWalker(1944-)AfeministblackwriterTheblackwomanstrugglingtowardsself-realizationinahostileenvironmentisathemeinmuchofherwork.AliceWalker(1944-)Afeminis42AliceWalker(1944-)Briefintroduction:Herworkshaveattractedtheattentionofreadersandcriticalike.Shewasbornintoasharecropper’sfamilyinEaton,Georgia.Shebeganwritingincollegeandpublishedherfirstworks-poemsaswellasstories—in1965.AliceWalker(1944-)Briefint43AliceWalker(1944-)Latershereceivedfellowshipsinsupportofherwritingcareer.Shehas,byvirtueofthegreatamountoffiction,poetry,andessaysshehaswrittenovertheyears,madeherselfacentralfigureincontemporaryAmericanliterature.AliceWalker(1944-)Latershe44TheColorPurple(1982)《紫顏色》TheAmericanBookAward;ThePulitzerPrizeAnepistolaryNovelAgreatbookbothinthematicandformaltermsTheColorPurple(1982)《紫顏色》T45CharacterlistCeliethefemaleprotagonistNettieCelie’sSisterFonsoCelie’sstepfatherAlbert(Mr.)Celie’sHusbandShugAveryAlbert’sloverandCelie’sspiritguiderAdamandOliviaCelie’ssonanddaughterCharacterlistCelie46AliceWalker(1944-)Masterpiece:TheColorPurpleisanepistolarynovel.Itconsistsof90letters,ofwhichovertwothirds（61innumber),

Celiewrotetogod,14tohersisterNettie,and15NettiewrotetoCelie.ThestorycentersonCelie’slife,withNettie’sAfricanadventureascomplementary.Itisagreatbookbothinthematicandformalterms.AliceWalker(1944-)Masterpie47Thematically:P547-548AfricanAmericanwomen’sgrowthagainstthebackdropofsocialandfamilialoppression2.Blackmen’schangeandgrowthaswellThematically:P547-548African48Informalterms:p549ThenarrativeschemeandthesuspenseThelanguageThesymbolism:thecolorpurple

Informalterms:p549Thenarra49SymbolicmeaningofthecolorpurpleThetitleispregnantwithmeaning.Thecolorpurpleindicatesdignity,love,humanfellowshipandsurvivingwholeaswellassufferingandpain(ifwethinkofthecolorasthatofaneggplant,acombinationofblueandred).ItrepresentsGod’screation,commonhumanity,significantandnottobeignored.AltogetherTheColorPurpleisaveryimportantworkinAmericanliteraryhistory.Symbolicmeaningofthecolor50CommentonTheColorPurpleAliceWalker'sTheColorPurpleisanexampleofa"woman'snovel."Thismeansnotjustthatitwaswrittenbyawoman,butthatitcarriesonanidentifiedtraditionofwomen'swriting,intermsofnarrativestrategies,themesaddressed,andvoice.CommentonTheColorPurpleAli51QuotationsfromTheColorPurple“Youbetternotnevertellnobodybutgod.It’dkillyourmammy”—(page1)“ButIDon’tknowhowtofight.AllIknowhowtodoisstayalive."(page18)

QuotationsfromTheColorPurp52

Well,ustalkandtalkboutGod,butI’mstilladrift.Tryingtochasethatoldwhitemanoutofmyhead,IbeensobusythinkingbouthimInevertrulynoticenothinggodmake…Mancorrupteveryt