專四-完形填空真題匯總

完形填空匯總講解Aclozetest(alsoclozedeletiontest)isanexercise,test,orassessmentconsistingofaportionoftextwithcertainwordsremoved,wheretheparticipantisaskedtoreplacethemissingwords.Clozetestsrequiretheabilitytounderstandcontextandvocabularyinordertoidentifythecorrectwordsortypeofwordsthatbelonginthedeletedpassagesofatext.Thisexerciseiscommonlyadministeredfortheassessmentofnativeandsecondlanguagelearningandinstruction.ThewordclozederivesfromclosureinGestalttheory.TheexercisewasfirstdescribedbyW.L.Taylorin1953.TaskDesignWordsmaybedeletedfromthetextinquestioneithermechanically(everynthword)orselectively,dependingonexactlywhataspectitisintendedtotestfor.Themethodologyisthesubjectofanextensiveacademicliterature;nonetheless,teacherscommonlydeviseadhoc特設(shè)的tests.ExampleAlanguageteachermaygivethefollowingpassagetostudents:Today,Iwenttotheandboughtsomemilkandeggs.Iknewitwasgoingtorain,butIforgottotakemy,andendedupgettingwetontheway.Studentswouldthenberequiredtofillintheblankswithwordsthatwouldbestcompletethepassage.Contextinlanguageandcontenttermsisessentialinmost,ifnotall,clozetests.Thefirstblankisprecededby“the”；therefore,anoun,anadjectiveoranadverbmustfollow.However,aconjunctionfollowstheblank;thesentencewouldnotbegrammaticallycorrectifanythingotherthananounwereintheblank.Thewords"milkandeggs"isimportantfordecidingwhichnountoputintheblank;"supermarket"isapossibleanswer;dependingonthestudent,however,thefirstblankcouldeitherbestore,supermarket,shopormarketwhileumbrellaorraincoatfitsthesecond.Andhomeforthethirdblank.AssessmentThedefinitionofsuccessinagivenclozetestvaries,dependingonthebroadergoalsbehindtheexercise.Assessmentmaydependonwhethertheexerciseisobjective(i.e.studentsaregivenalistofwordstouseinacloze)orsubjective(i.e.studentsaretofillinaclozewithwordsthatwouldmakeagivensentencegrammaticallycorrect).Isawamanlayhisjacketonapuddleforawomancrossingthestreet.IthoughtthatwasveryGiventheabovepassage,students*answersmaythenvarydependingontheirvocabularyskillsandtheirpersonalopinions.However,theplacementoftheblankattheendofthesentencerestrictsthepossiblewordsthatmaycompletethesentence;followinganadverbandfinishingthesentence,thewordismostlikelyanadjective.Romantic,chivalrousorgallant獻(xiàn)殷勤的may,forexample,occupytheblank,aswellasfoolishorcheesy拙劣的.Usingthoseanswers,ateachermayaskstudentstoreflectontheopinionsdrawnfromthegivencloze.六大線索完形填空的每一個(gè)空格都不是孤立存在的，它是整個(gè)篇章的一部分，與上下文有著明顯或微妙的關(guān)系，因此在選擇時(shí)就要考慮到各選項(xiàng)與上下文的聯(lián)系。通常這種聯(lián)系或關(guān)系為考生做出正確選擇提供了各種線索，比如語(yǔ)義邏輯、語(yǔ)法框架、詞匯搭配及詞義的應(yīng)用和概念，還有些是非語(yǔ)言性的知識(shí)等。.語(yǔ)義線索：在完形填空中，某些項(xiàng)的選擇可以根據(jù)“語(yǔ)義”來(lái)決定，既已有的詞或句子的語(yǔ)義決定著必須選擇某個(gè)選項(xiàng)，否則整個(gè)文章的語(yǔ)義邏輯就不通，內(nèi)容就與作者的原意不一致。.語(yǔ)法線索：指所填入的詞與上下文可能發(fā)生的語(yǔ)法方面的聯(lián)系。.詞匯線索：有些完形填空要填入的詞與上下文其他詞有各種聯(lián)系，文中的詞往往在詞義上或搭配上決定了應(yīng)填入的詞。.概念線索：在完形填空題的上下文中，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些詞與空格內(nèi)需要填的詞同指一個(gè)人或事物，甚至可以在上下文中找到應(yīng)填的同一個(gè)詞。.語(yǔ)篇線索：有時(shí)完形填空的各選項(xiàng)同為表示一定邏輯關(guān)系或承接關(guān)系的詞或詞組。選項(xiàng)同為單詞時(shí)首先看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是否詞性相同。若連詞、副詞混雜，先分析原句成分是否完整，可參考標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)或其他連詞的存在。確定所需詞性后，再判斷邏輯題在原文中所涉及的范圍。有時(shí)只是幾個(gè)詞之間的關(guān)系。常出現(xiàn)在完形填空部分的邏輯關(guān)系表示方式有連詞、副詞、語(yǔ)氣詞及插入語(yǔ)、詞組（介詞詞組）等。.超語(yǔ)言線索：在完形填空考題中，有時(shí)不是利用以上幾種線索便可以決定選項(xiàng)，這時(shí)往往要根據(jù)自己對(duì)試題內(nèi)容的有關(guān)背景知識(shí)的了解來(lái)決定填入的選項(xiàng)。2009年研究生入學(xué)考試Historically,humansgetseriousaboutavoidingdisastersonlyafteronehasjuststruckthem.thatlogic,2006shouldhavebeenabreakthroughyearforrationalbehavior.Withthememoryof9/11still63intheirminds,AmericanswatchedhurricaneKatrina,themostexpensivedisasterinU.S.history,on64TV.Anyonewhodidn'tknowitbeforeshouldhavelearnedthatbadthingscanhappen.Andtheyaremade65worsebyourwillfulblindnesstoriskasmuchasour66toworktogetherbeforeeverythinggoestohell.Granted,someamountofdelusion（錯(cuò)覺）isprobablypartofthe67condition.InA.D.63,Pompeiiwasseriouslydamagedbyanearthquake,andthelocalsimmediatelywenttowork,inthesamespot一untiltheywereburiedaltogetherbyavolcanoeruption16yearslater.Buta69ofthepastyearindisasterhistorysuggeststhatmodernAmericansareparticularlybadat70themselvesfromguaranteedthreats.Weknowmorethanwe71didaboutthedangersweface.Butitturns72thatintimesofcrisis,ourgreatestenemyis73thestorm,thequakeorthe74itself.Moreoften,itisourselves.Sowhathashappenedintheyearthat75thedisasterontheGulfCoast?InNewOrleans,theArmyCorpsofEngineershasworkeddayandnighttorebuildthefloodwalls.Theyhavegotthewallsto76theywerebeforeKatrina,moreorless.That'snot77,wecannowsaywithconfidence.Butitmaybeall78canbeexpectedfromoneyearofhustle(忙碌).Meanwhile,NewOrleansofficialshavecraftedaplantousebusesandtrainsto79thesickandthedisabled.Thecityestimatesthat15,000peoplewillneeda80out.However,stateofficialshavenotyetdeterminedwherethesepeoplewillbetaken.The81withneighboringcommunitiesareongoinganddifficult.A)ToB)ByC)OnD)ForA)freshB)obviousC)apparentD)evidentA)visualB)vividC)liveD)livelyA)littleB)lessC)moreD)muchA)reluctanceB)rejectionC)denialD)declineA)naturalB)worldC)socialD)humanA)revisingB)refiningC)rebuildingD)retrievingA)reviewB)reminderC)conceptD)prospectA)preparingB)protestingC)protectingD)prevailingA)neverB)everC)thenD)beforeA)upB)downC)overD)outA)merelyB)rarelyC)incidentallyD)accidentallyA)surgeB)spurC)surfD)splashA)ensuedB)tracedC)followedD)occurredA)whichB)whereC)whatD)whenA)enoughB)certainC)conclusiveD)finalA)butB)asC)thatD)thoseA)exileB)evacuateC)dismissD)displaceA)rideB)trailC)pathD)trackA)conventionsB)notificationsC)communicationsD)negotiations2010Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown;(31),theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowisthatmen,unlikeanimals,somehowinventedcertain(32)toexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthings,(33)theycouldcommunicatewitheachother;andthatlatertheyagreed(34)certainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbe(35)torepresentthosesounds,andwhichcouldbe(36).Thosesounds,whetherspoken,(37)writteninletters,wecallwords.Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheir(38)-thethingstheybringupbeforeourminds.Wordsbecome(39)withmeaningforusbyexperience;(40)thelongerwelive,themorecertainwords(41)tousthehappyandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewe(42),themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtous(43).Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichappeal(44)toourmindsandemotions.This(45)andtellinguseofwordsiswhatwecall(46)style.Aboveall,therealpoetisamasterof(47).Hecanconveyhismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusic,andwhich(48)theirpositionandassociationcan(49)mentotears.Weshould,therefore,learntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,ortheywill(50)ourspeechorwritingsillyandvulgar.A.inadditionB.inotherwordsC.inawordD.insummaryA.soundsB.gesturesC.signsD.movementsA.suchthatB.asthatC.sothatD.inthatA.inB.withC.ofD.uponA.speltB.combinedC.writtenDcopiedA.writtendownB.handeddownC.rememberedD.observedA.andB.yetC.alsoD.orA.functionsB.associationsC.rolesD.linksA.filledB.fullC.liveD.activeA.butB.orC.yetD.andA.reappearB.recallC.rememberD.recollectA.readandthinkB.readandrecallC.readandlearnD.readandreciteA.raisesB.increasesC.improvesD.emergesA.intensivelyB.extensivelyC.broadlyD.powerfullyA.charmingB.academicC.conventionalD.commonA.writtenB.spokenC.literaryD.dramaticA.signsB.wordsC.styleD.soundA.inB.onC.overD.byA.moveB.engageC.makeD.forceA.transformB.changeC.makeD.convert題材分析：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)專業(yè)知識(shí)Binotherwords注意句子中的分號(hào)連接的兩部分，后一部分是對(duì)前一部分的解釋，也就是換一種說法。Asounds根據(jù)語(yǔ)言學(xué)知識(shí)和下文thosesounds,those必須有所指，因此上文必然已經(jīng)提到過一次soundsoCsothat結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。Dupon搭配agreeuponsth.就某事達(dá)成一致看法。Bcombined字母組合構(gòu)造單詞。Awrittendown.寫下來(lái)成文文字。Dor語(yǔ)言符號(hào)的兩種存在方式：口語(yǔ)與書面語(yǔ)。Bassociations聯(lián)想的功能或事物，破折號(hào)后面有解釋。Afilled搭配filledwith或fullofoDand順序連接。Brecall喚起，屬于bringupbeforeourminds,associations的同義反復(fù)。Creadandlearn原文如此，但readandrecite似乎也說得通。Bincreases成正比例關(guān)系。Dpowerfully分辨詞義。Acharmingcharmingandtelling,引人入勝、生動(dòng)形象的。Cliterarystyle文體。Bwords.Poet廣義上可以是任何文學(xué)創(chuàng)作者，文學(xué)理論也叫詩(shī)學(xué)。48Dby通過49Amove感動(dòng)50Cmake句型問題make+N.+Adj.2009Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnose診斷，treatandstopthespreadofanew,deadlydisease.SARS-SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was(31)forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi河內(nèi)，(32)sincethenhasinfected感染morethan1,600peoplein15countries,killing63.Atthis(33),therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease.Symptomsstart(34)afeverover100.4degreesF,chills,headacheorbody(35).Withinaweek,thepatienthasadrycough,whichmight(36)toshortnessofbreath.In10%to20%ofcases,patientsrequire(37)ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms(38)beginintwotosevendays,butsomereportssuggestit(39)takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto(40)alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantime,itisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence(41)antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp,(42)doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof(43).Scientistsaren'tsureyet,butsomeresearchersthinkit'sa(44)discoveredcoronavirus冠狀病毒(聯(lián)系精讀中學(xué)過的coronarythrombosis冠狀動(dòng)脈血栓癥),thefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds普通感冒.Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed(45)dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocare(46)themhavebeenmostlikelyto(47)theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe(48)mightspreadthroughair,orthatthevirusmight(49)fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother(50).Healthexpertssayitisunlikely,though,thatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus.A.detectedB.caughtC.disclosedD.revealedA.butB.and(表示順接)C.orD.yetA.timeB.pointC.aspectD.instance(34)A.fromB.overC.uponD.with(35)A.hurtB.soreC.achesD.feelingsA.processB.advanceC.progressD.convertA.automaticB.artificialC.mechanicalD.controlledA.regularlyB.ordinarilyC.traditionallyD.generallyA.willB.mightC.shouldD.mustA.cultivatingB.fosteringC.developingD.designingA.whichB.thatC.whetherD.whatA.soB.butC.stillD.yetA.communicationB.transportationC.transformationD.transmissionA.latelyB.newbornC.newlyD.renewedA.underB.throughC.beneathD.fromA.forB.overC.afterD.aboutA.acquireB.receiveC.obtainD.contractA.ailmentB.ill-healthC.diseaseD.infectionA.continueB.lingerC.delayD.persistA.exteriorsB.outsideC.surfacesD.coverings參考答案：31.A32.B33.B34.D35.C36.A37.C38.D39.B40.C41.B42.A43.D44.C45.B46.A47.D48.C49.B50.C分析：主題是：一、關(guān)于SARS的新聞報(bào)道，屬于醫(yī)學(xué)類；二、與中國(guó)相關(guān)的準(zhǔn)時(shí)事材料。搭配：todetect(經(jīng)檢驗(yàn))發(fā)現(xiàn)thedisease；搭配：atthispoint在這一節(jié)骨眼上，例如：Therearetimesyoufindyourselfunabletoworkoutproblems.Itisatthispointthatthewayyouuseyourteacherisimportant.搭配：startwith=beginwith.區(qū)別同義詞：hurt肉體傷害或精神痛苦；bodyaches身體痛；sore(肌膚的)痛處，傷處。progressvi.指病情發(fā)展。mechanicalventilation專業(yè)知識(shí)，呼吸機(jī)。一般概述：generally推測(cè)：mightdevelopalabtest開發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果sotransmission 疾病的傳播。newly副詞through,通過(一定的途徑)dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze,被感染的病人咳嗽或打噴嚏留下的贓物。carefor照看contracttheillness,感染疾病。ailment疾病(尤指慢性病)linger逗留、徘徊exteriors外貌outside外面 surfaces表面coverings覆蓋物2008Salt,shellsormetalsarestillusedasmoneyinout-of-the-waypartsoftheworldtoday.Saltmayseemratherastrange(31)touseasmoney,(32)incountrieswherethefoodofthepeopleismainlyvegetable,itisoftenan(33)necessity.Cakesofsalt,stampedtoshowtheir(34),wereusedasmoneyinsomecountriesuntilrecent(35),andcakesofsalt(36)buygoodsinBorneoandpartsofAfrica.Seashells(37)asmoneyatsometime(38)anotheroverthegreaterpartoftheOldWorld.Thesewere(39) mainlyfromthebeachesoftheMaldivesIslandsintheIndianOcean,andweretradedtoIndiaandChina.InAfrica,shellsweretradedrightacrossthe(40) fromEasttoWest.Metal,valuedbyweight,(41)coinsinmanypartsoftheworld.Iron,inlumps,barsorrings,isstillusedinmanycountries(42)papermoney.Itcaneitherbeexchanged(43)goods,ormadeintotools,weapons,orornaments.TheearlymoneyofChina,apartfromshells,wasofbronze,(44)inflat,roundpieceswithaholeinthemiddle,called“cash”.The(45)ofthesearebetweenthreethousandandfourthousandyearsold-olderthantheearliestcoinsoftheeasternMediterranean.Nowadays,coinsandnoteshave(46)nearlyallthemorepicturesque(47)ofmoney,and(48)inoneortwoofthemoreremotecountriespeoplestillkeepitforfutureuseonceremonial(49)suchasweddingsandfunerals,examplesof(50)moneywillsoonbefoundonlyinmuseums.A.objectB.articleC.substanceD.categoryA.butB.andC.soD.evenA.abstractB.advantageousC.abundantD.absoluteA.weightB.valueC.roleD.sizeA.timesB.eventsC.situationsD.conditionsA.evenB.alsoC.stillD.neverA.hadbeenusedB.areusedC.wouldbeusedD.wouldhavebeenusedA.andB.butC.yetD.orA.collectedB.producedC.grownD.raisedA.cityB.districtC.communityD.continentA.processedB.producedC.precededD.proceededA.inspiteofB.insteadofC.alongwithD.inlinewithA.againstB.asC.inD.forA.oftenB.seldomC.reallyD.muchA.earlierB.earliestC.betterD.bestA.replacedB.reproducedC.reflectedD.recoveredA.sizesB.shapesC.formatsD.formsA.whileB.althoughC.becauseD.ifA.eventsB.gatheringsC.occasionsD.assembliesA.originalB.primitiveC.historicalD.crude31-35CADBA36-40CADAD41-45CBDAB46-50ADBCB2007UntilItookDrOffutt^classinDeMathaHighschool,Iwasanunderachievingstudent,butIleftthatclass(31)nevertounderachieveagain.Henotonlytaughtmetothink,heconvincedme,(32)byexampleaswordsthatitwasmymoral(33)todosoandtoserveothers.(34)ofuscouldknowhowourrelationshipwould(35)overtheyears.WhenIcamebacktoDeMathatoteachEnglish,IworkedforDrOffutt,thedepartmentchair.Mydiscussionwithhimwerelikegraduateseminarsinadolescent(36),classroommanagementandschoolleadership.Afterseveral years,Iwas (37)department chair,and ourrelationship(38)again. Ithought that itmightbe(39)chairing thedepartment,sinceallofmy(40)Englishteacherswere(41)there,butDrOffuttsupportedme(42).Heknewwhentogivemeadvice(43)curriculum,textsandpersonnel,andwhentoletme(44)myowncourse.In1997,Ineededhis(45)aboutleavingDeMathatobecomeprincipalatanotherschool.(46)hehadaskedmetostayatDeMatha,Imighthave.(47),heencouragedmetoseizetheopportunity.Fiveyearsago,1becametheprincipalofDeMatha.(48),DrOffuttwasthereforme,lettingmeknowthatIcould(49)him.Ihavelearnedfromhimthatgreatteachershaveaninexhaustible(50)oflessonstoteach.A.concernedB.worriedC.determinedD.decidedA.asmuchB.muchasC.assuchD.suchasA.work B.jobC.dutyD.obligationA.BothB.NeitherC.EitherD.EachA.evolveB.stayC.remainD.turnprocedureC.developmentD.movement

38.A.movedB.alteredC.wentD.shifted38.A.movedB.alteredC.wentD.shiftedA.awkwardB.uneasyC.unnaturalD.formerA.olderB.experiencedC.formerD./A./B.stillC.evenD.alreadyA.throughB.throughoutadv.自始自終C.atthebeginningD.allthewayA.forB.atC.overD.aboutA.chart制定…計(jì)劃B.headC.describeD.manage B.requestC.permissionD.orderA.EvenifB.AlthoughC.IfD.WhenturallyB.InsteadC.consequentlyD.Still.A.OnceagainB.RepeatedlyC.UnusuallyD.Unexpectedly.A.countinB.countdownC.countoutD.counton依賴B.bankC.wealthD.store31-35CADBA36-40CBDAC41-45BBDAA46-50CBADC2006TherearemanysuperstitionsinBritain,butoneofthemost(31)heldisthatitisunluckytowalkunderaladderevenifitmeans(32)thepavementintoabusystreet!(33)youmustpassunderaladderyoucan(34)badluckbycrossingyourfingersand(35)themcrosseduntilyouhaveseenadog.(36),youmaylickyourfingerand(37)acrossonthetoeofyourshoe,andnotlookagainattheshoeuntilthe(38)hasdried.Anothercommon(39)isthatitisunluckytoopenanumbrellainthehouse-itwilleitherbring(40)tothepersonwhoopeneditortothewhole(41).Anyoneopeninganumbrellainfineweatheris(42),asitinevitablybringsrain!Thenumber13issaidtobeunluckyforsome,andwhenthe13thdayofthemonth(43)onaFriday,anyonewishingtoavoidabadeventhadbetterstay(44).theworstmisfortunethatcanhappentoapersoniscausedbybreakingamirror,(45)itbringssevenyearsofbadluck!Thesuperstitionissupposedto(46)inancienttimes,whenmirrorswereconsideredtobetoolsofthegods.BlackcatsaregenerallyconsideredluckyinBritain,eventhoughtheyare(47)witchcraft itis(48)luckyifablackcatcrossesyourpath-althoughinAmericatheexactoppositebeliefprevails.Finally,acommonlyheldsuperstitionisthatoftouchingwood(49)luck.Thismeasureismostoftentakenifyouthinkyouhavesaidsomethingthatistemptingfate,suchas”mycarhasnever(50),touchwood?,1AbroadlyBwidelyCquicklyDspeedilyArunningfromBjumpingoffCsteppingoffDkeepingfromAIfBAsCThoughDUnlessAeraseBremoveCavoidDeaseAkeepBkeepingCkeptDtokeepAConsequentlyBHoweverCComparativelyDAlternativelyAmakeBprintCperformDproduceAlabelBsymbolCmarkDcutAargumentBsuperstitionCopinionDideaAlossBdifficultyCtragedyDmisfortuneAhouseBhouseholdChomeDcircleAunwiseBunintelligentCunpopularDunfortunateAfallsBarrivesCdropsDhappensAawayBoutdoorsCindoorsDfarAwhenBasCifDthoughAhaveoriginatedBbeoriginatingCbeoriginatedDoriginateAconcernedaboutBrelatedwithCassociatedwithDconnectedinAespeciallyBspeciallyCfrequentlyDrarelyAasBforCinDofAbrokenupBbrokenoffCbrokenawayDbrokendownABAACBDADBCBABDBACBC2005Aperson'shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomhespendshistime.Dependingonpersonality,mosthaveinminda(n)”(31)home”.Butingeneral,andespeciallyforthestudentornewwageearners,therearepractical(32)ofcashandlocationonachievingthatidea.Cash(33),infact,oftenmeansthattheonlywayof(34)whenyouleaveschoolistostayathomeforawhileuntilthings(35)financially.Thereareobvious(36)oflivingathome-personallaundryisusually(37)donealongwiththefamilywash;mealsareprovidedandtherewillbeawell-establishedcircleoffriendsto(38),Andthereis(39)theresponsibilityforpayingbills,rates,etc.Ontheotherhand,(40)dependsonhowafamilygetson.Doyourparentslikeyourfriends?Youmayloveyourfamily一(41)doyoulikethem?Areyoupreparedtobe(42)whenyourparentsaskwhereyouaregoingintheeveningandwhattimeyouexpecttobeback?Ifyoufindthatyoucannotmanagea(n)(43),andthatyoufinallyhavethemoneytoleave,howdoyou(44)findingsomewhereelsetolive?Ifyouplantostayinyourhomearea,thepossibilitiesare(45)well-knowntoyoualready.Friendsandthelocalpaperarealways(46).Ifyouaregoingtoworkina(47)area,againtherearethepapers一andtheaccommodationagencies,(48)theseshouldbeapproachedwith(49).Agenciesareallowedtochargeafee,usuallythe(50)ofthefirstweek'srent,ifyoutakeaccommodationtheyhavefoundforyou.A.idealB.perfectC.imaginaryD.satisfactoryA.deficienciesB.weaknessesC.insufficienciesD.limitationsA.cutB.shortageC.lackD.drainA.gettingoverB.gettinginC.gettingbackD.gettingalongA.improveB.enhanceC.developD.proceedA.concernsb.issuesC.advantagesD.problemsA.stillB.alwaysC.habituallyD.consequentlyA.callinB.calloverC.calluponD.calloutA.alwaysB.rarelyC.littleD.sometimesA.littleB.enoughC.manyD.muchA.andB.butC.stillD.orA.tolerantB.hostileC.indifferentD.good-temperedA.agreementB.consensusC.compromiseD.dealA.goaboutB.gooverC.goinforD.gothroughA.seldomB.lessC.probablyD.certainlyA.dependentB.agoodsourceofinformationC.ofgreatvalueD.reliableA.familiarB.coldC.humidD.newA.thoughB.whileC.sinceD.asA.enthusiasmB.hesitationC.cautionD.concernA.sameB.equivalentC.equalD.similarity31-40AABAACCABD41-50BDBADDDBCB2004Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours9sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours'wakefulnessandthatthesleepnormallycoincides(26)thehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthis(27)canbemodified.Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theeasewithwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisa(28)ofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomation(29)round-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally(30)fromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoa(31)routineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.(32),itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutine(33)hehastochangetoanother,(34)muchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingvery(35)Oneanswerwouldseemtobe(36)periodsoneachshift,amonth,oreventhreemonths.(37),recentresearchhasshownthatpeopleonsuchsystemswillreverttogobacktotheir(38)habitsofsleepandwakefulnessduringtheweek-endandthatthisisquiteenoughtodestroyany(39)tonightworkbuiltupduringtheweek.Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttothosepermanentnightworkerswhose(40)maypersistthroughallweek-endsandholidays..A.inB.withC.ofD.over.A.cycle B.period C.circleD.round.A.problem B.difficultyC.trouble D.matter.A.asksB.invitesC.callsforD.reactsto.A.takes B.spends C.demands D.asks.A.fbrmer B.returned C.reversed D.regular.A.ThereforeB.UnfortunatelyC.InawordD.Incomparison.A.asB.whenC.thenD.than.A.though B.sothat C.while D.as.A.efficientlyB.goodC.easilyD.happily.A.shorter B.better C.longer D.nicer.A.SoB.Inshort C.Similarly D.However.A.new B.normal C.temporary D.favourite.A.change B.return C.adaptation D.tendency.A.wakefulness B.sleep C.preferenceD.habit短文大意：本文闡述了人類作息時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)換的規(guī)律，并說明了兩種轉(zhuǎn)換的具體方式。.答案：B試題分析：本題考查介詞搭配。詳細(xì)解答：coincidewith為固定詞組，指“一致，相符合”，此處指“通常睡眠時(shí)間和白天時(shí)間相吻合而選項(xiàng)A,C,D不能與coincide搭配，故選B。.答案：A試題分析：本題考查名詞的辨析。詳細(xì)解答：cycle與前文保持一致，為“循環(huán)、周期”，此處指“我們現(xiàn)在關(guān)心在何等程度上，循環(huán)可以改善”。而period意為“一段時(shí)間”；circle意為“圓”;round意為“圓，圓形物”。故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。.答案:D試題分析：本題考查名詞詞義辨析。詳細(xì)解答：problem指"難題，困難”；difficulty指“困境"；trouble意為"麻煩"；而只有matter合適，amatterof為固定詞組，意為“（涉及之）問題”。故選D。.答案：C試題分析：本題考查對(duì)動(dòng)詞詞義的掌握。詳細(xì)解答：callfor意為“需要，值得”，此處指“自動(dòng)化需要機(jī)器晝夜不停地工作”。而ask意為“詢問”；invite意為"邀請(qǐng)"；reactto意為"反應(yīng)故選C。.答案：A試題分析：本題考查對(duì)固定搭配的掌握。詳細(xì)解答：Ittakessometimetodosth.為固定句型；而選項(xiàng)B,C,D在句中不能以It作為形式主語(yǔ)，故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。試題分析：本題是形容詞辨析題。詳細(xì)解答：reversed表示“反轉(zhuǎn)的、顛倒的”；此處指“通常人們要花五天到一周的時(shí)間來(lái)適應(yīng)一個(gè)相反的循環(huán)而former意為“早期的"；returned意為“回的；"；regular意為“有規(guī)律的"。故選C。.答案：B試題分析：本題考查對(duì)上下文的理解。詳細(xì)解答：上文提到“顛倒作息時(shí)間大約需要五天到一個(gè)星期，而后文又說在工廠里這種輪班工作經(jīng)常是每周一換的工人們剛調(diào)整過來(lái)的作息時(shí)間又得換回去，這顯然是“不幸地而Therefore意為“因此，所以“；Inaword意為"總之"；Incomparison意為“比較”，意思上不符合原文。故選Bo.答案：D試題分析：本題為語(yǔ)法題，考查連詞固定搭配的用法。詳細(xì)解答：nosooner…than…表示“一 就 而選項(xiàng)A,B,C不能與nosooner搭配。此處指“這就意味著他還沒適應(yīng)一個(gè)循環(huán)，就成為另一個(gè)循環(huán)故選D。.答案：B試題分析：本題考查對(duì)上下文的理解及連詞的用法。詳細(xì)解答：前后文為因果關(guān)系，此處指“所以他的睡眠、工作效率都不高所以選sothat。.答案：A試題分析：本題考查對(duì)上下文的理解及副詞的理解和運(yùn)用。詳細(xì)解答：此處意為“作息時(shí)間經(jīng)常性的顛倒當(dāng)然會(huì)降低工作和睡眠的效率”；而選項(xiàng)B,C,D意思上不符合原文，故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。.答案：3試題分析：本題考查對(duì)上下文的理解。詳細(xì)解答：這里的amonth相對(duì)于前面的aweek當(dāng)然是較長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)。故選C。試題分析：本題考查對(duì)上下文的理解。詳細(xì)解答：前文提到了較長(zhǎng)的轉(zhuǎn)換期，這相對(duì)于一個(gè)星期來(lái)說會(huì)好一些，但它同樣有不足之處。前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。而選項(xiàng)A,B,C都不表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D。.答案：B試題分析：本題考查形容詞的用法。詳細(xì)解答：normal為“正常的”，此處指“在周末回到他們?cè)瓉?lái)那種白天工作晚上睡覺的常規(guī)作息時(shí)間這句話里有g(shù)obackto,從意思上理解不能選A；而temporary意為“短哲的，暫時(shí)的“；favorite意為“喜愛的“，不符合原文。故選B。.答案：C試題分析：本題考查名詞固定搭配和對(duì)句子的理解。詳細(xì)解答：adaptation(to)指“(對(duì)……的)適應(yīng)性”，在文中提及人類作息時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)換的適應(yīng)性時(shí)，用的都是adapt；而tendency意為“傾向，趨勢(shì)”。故選C。.答案：D試題分析：本題是考查名詞辨析題。詳細(xì)解答：habit此處指作息習(xí)慣；而wakefulness意為"醒著“；preference意為"偏愛"，意思上不符合原文。故選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。2003DuringMcDonald'searlyyearsFrenchfriesweremadefromscratcheveryday.RussetBurbankpotatoeswere(1),cutintoshoestrings,andfriedinitskitchens.(2)thechainexpandednationwide,inthemid-19601,itsoughttocutlaborcosts,reducethenumberofsuppliers,and(3)thatitsfriestastedthesameateveryrestaurant.McDonald'sbegan(4)tofrozenFrenchfriesin1966—andfewcustomersnoticedthedifference.(5),thechangehadaprofoundeffectonthenation'sagricultureanddiet.Afamiliarfoodhadbeentransformedintoahighlyprocessedindustrial(6)McDonald'sfriesnowcomefromhugemanufacturingplants(7)canprocesstwomillionpoundsofpotatoesaday.Theexpansion(8)McDonald*sandthepopularityofitslow-cost,mass-producedfrieschangedthewayAmericanseat.ThetasteofMcDonald'sFrenchfriesplayedacrucialroleinthechain*ssuccess-friesaremuchmoreprofitablethanhamburgers—andwas(9)praisedbycustomers,competitors,andevenfoodcritics.Their(10)tastedoesnotstemfromthekindofpotatoesthatMcDonald's(11),thetechnologythatprocessesthem,ortherestaurantequipmentthatfriesthem:otherchainsuseRussetBurbank,buytheirFrenchfriesfromthe(12)largeprocessingcompanies,andhavesimilar(13)intheirrestaurantkitchens.ThetasteofaFrenchfryis(14)detenninedbythecookingoil.FordecadesMcDonald'scookeditsFrenchfriesinamixtureofabout7percentcottonseedoiledand93percentbeeffat.Themixturegavethefriestheirunique(15).A.scaledB.strippedC.peeledD.slicedA.AsB.DuetoC.owingtoD.WithA.ensueB.ensureC.enrichD.enableA.switchingB.divertingC.modifyingD.alteringA.StillB.AnywayC.BesidesD.NeverthelessA.brandB.stuffC.commodityD.produceA.thisB.thatC./D.whatA.intoB.fromC.inD.ofA.longB.onlyC.firstD.lonelyA.distinctiveB.distinctC.distinguishedD.distinguishableA.exactB.identicalC.sameD.alikeA.worksB.potsC.boile