英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 時(shí)態(tài) 語(yǔ)態(tài) 從句大全

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)從句大全英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)從句大全英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)從句大全xxx公司英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)從句大全文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：句型時(shí)態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞原形（如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要加（e）S）4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。6.例句：.Itseldomsnowshere.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：1.概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。6.例句：Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。6.例句：HowareyoufeelingtodayHeisdoingwellinhislessons.四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：1.概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing4.否定形式：was/were+not+doing.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把was或were放于句首。6.例句：AtthattimeshewasworkinginaPLAunit.Whenhecamein,Iwasreadinganewspaper.五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：1.概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently,lately,since…for…,inthepastfewyears,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+done4.否定形式：have/has+not+done.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has。6.例句：I'vewrittenanarticle.Ithasbeenrainingthesedays.六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)：1.概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had+done.4.否定形式：had+not+done.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首。6.例句：Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.Bytheendoflastmonth.Wehadreviewedfourbooks七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)：1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are/goingto+do；will/shall+do.4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。5.一般疑問(wèn)句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。6.例句：Theyaregoingtohaveacompetitionwithusinstudies.Itisgoingtorain.八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：1.概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/goingto+do；would/should+do.4.否定形式：was/were/not+goingto+do;would/should+not+do.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。6.例句：HesaidhewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.Iaskedwhowasgoingthere.幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換，以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換形式：1、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達(dá)方式：①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間+ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中；②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)，與一段時(shí)間連用；③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Itis+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中，表示“自從……以來(lái)有……時(shí)間”的意思，主句一般用itis來(lái)代替Ithasbeen;④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Sometimehaspassedsince+一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看：A.HejoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago.B.HehasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyears.C.ItistwoyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.D.TwoyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheLeague.2、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”，如atwork（在工作）,atschool（上學(xué)、上課）等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看：Peterisatwork,butMikeisatplay.Peterisworking,butMikeisplaying.3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o,come,leave,start,arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：Iamcoming,Mum!意為“我就來(lái)，媽媽?zhuān)　闭?qǐng)看：Thetrainisleavingsoon.Thetrainwillleavesoon.4、“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事；將來(lái)時(shí)“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞shall。在口語(yǔ)中，所有人稱(chēng)都可以用will。請(qǐng)看：WearegoingtovisittheGreatWallnextSunday.WeshallvisittheGreatWallnextSunday.

語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的1肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+（by……）2否定句：主語(yǔ)+benot+過(guò)去分詞+（by……）3一般疑問(wèn)句：Be+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+（by……）

4特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+（by……）

一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在AmIs+doneAreAmIs+beingdoneAreHas+beendonehave過(guò)去Was+doneWereWas+beingdoneWereHadbeendone將來(lái)Shall+bedoneWill過(guò)去將來(lái)Should+bedoneWould5主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)Be動(dòng)詞的五種變化形式：原形be現(xiàn)在時(shí)am,is,are過(guò)去時(shí)was,were現(xiàn)在分詞being過(guò)去分詞been原句：Thenaughtyboybrokethewindowyesterday.被動(dòng)：Thewindowwasbrokebythenaughtyboyyesterday.a原主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)thewindow變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)b謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞break改為被動(dòng)形式：be+過(guò)去分詞c原主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by的后面。其他成分不變。6被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種類(lèi)型a有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)句S（主）+V（謂）+O（賓）被動(dòng)句S（原賓）+be+過(guò)去分詞+by+O（原主語(yǔ)之賓格形式）例句Hewrotethispoemyesterday.Thispoemwaswrittenbyhimyesterday.b有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)句S（主）+V（謂）+IO（間接賓）+DO（直接賓）被動(dòng)句S（原IO）+be+過(guò)去分詞+原DO+by+O（原主語(yǔ)之賓格形式）S（原DO）+be+過(guò)去分詞+原IO+by+O（原主語(yǔ)之賓格形式）例句IhaveaskedBrownthequestion.Brownhasbeenaskedthequestionbyme.Thequestionhasbeenasked(of)Brownbyme.c經(jīng)常使用雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞Tellshowbuyaskpasswritedomakesellsendsinggiveanswerteachofferpaypromiseallowaward可以有兩種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一些動(dòng)詞Buy,give,leave,lend,Offer,pay,teach,tell,Show,award通常用直接賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)的一些動(dòng)詞Bring,do,make,pass,Sell,send,sing,sewwrite通常用間接賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)的一些動(dòng)詞Answer,deny，Envy，refuse，Save,spare例句：Hewroteheraletter.Aletterwaswrittentoherbyhim（合習(xí)慣）Shewaswrittenaletter.（不合習(xí)慣）d由“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞”構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般情況下，只有及物動(dòng)詞的后面才能跟賓語(yǔ)，而不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能跟賓語(yǔ)，所以只有及物動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞則沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但有些不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟上介詞或副詞后，變成一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，這個(gè)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，那它就可以形成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)了。主動(dòng)句S（主）+V（不及動(dòng)）+介詞+O（賓語(yǔ)）被動(dòng)句S（原賓）+be+過(guò)去分詞+介詞+by+O（原主語(yǔ)賓格形式）在動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞和介詞的關(guān)系非常密切，已經(jīng)形成一個(gè)固定搭配的詞組，介詞的位置也是固定的不能隨意變動(dòng)例如：operateontalkabout等e由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be（永遠(yuǎn)是原形）+過(guò)去分詞.f祈使句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)句V（原形）+O被動(dòng)句Let+O（原賓語(yǔ)）+be（原形）+過(guò)去分詞例句：Dohomeworkatonce!Lethomeworkbedoneatonce

從句1.主語(yǔ)從句

a主語(yǔ)從句可直接位于主語(yǔ)的位置,如果從句較長(zhǎng),謂語(yǔ)又較短,可用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將從句放在句末.常見(jiàn)的句型有：

Itisafact\apity\aquestion\goodnewsthat...

Itseems\appears\happened\hasturnedoutthat...

Itisclear\important\likely\possiblethat...

Itissaid\reported\estimated\hasbeenprovedthat...

Itissaidthatcomicbookscreateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegeneration.

Itseemsthattheperformanceisveryuseful.

bwhat引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“...的東西時(shí)”,一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ).

Whatwelackisexperience.

cwhat,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問(wèn)意義,但它們引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,都用陳述語(yǔ)序.

Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.

IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.

2.賓語(yǔ)從句

a賓語(yǔ)從句可位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞和某些形容詞后.連詞that常可省略.介詞后一般接疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.inthat(因?yàn)?,exceptthat(除了),butthat(只是）已構(gòu)成固定搭配,其他介詞后一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.

IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.

AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.

Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.

Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.

b賓語(yǔ)從句后如有賓補(bǔ),要用形式賓語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替,而把賓語(yǔ)從句移至賓補(bǔ)之后.

Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.

c在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,如果謂語(yǔ)是否定的,一般將否定詞移至主句謂語(yǔ)上,賓語(yǔ)從句則變成肯定形式.

Hedidn'tthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.

3.表語(yǔ)從句

表語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”的句子中.表語(yǔ)從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導(dǎo)外,還可由because,asif(though)等引導(dǎo).that?？墒÷?如主句主語(yǔ)為reason,只能用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,不可用because.

PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.

Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.

Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.

4.同位語(yǔ)從句

同位語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,一般用連詞that引導(dǎo),由于先行名詞的意義不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導(dǎo).常見(jiàn)的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時(shí)由于謂語(yǔ)較短,將同位語(yǔ)從句位于謂語(yǔ)之后.

Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.

IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.

Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship.

5.定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是一個(gè)句子.定語(yǔ)從句通常位于先行詞之后,由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo).

限制性定語(yǔ)從句

限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞,對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用,緊接先行詞之后,無(wú)逗號(hào),若省去,原句意思不完整.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等.who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有時(shí)也可指物,相當(dāng)于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中.關(guān)系代詞除了引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,替代先行詞外,還在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等.

ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.

Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.

Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.

a當(dāng)先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句.

ThatisallthatI'veheardfromhim.

He'sthefirstpersonthatI'mgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.

b關(guān)系代詞的省略

在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷?關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞,作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用that,只可用which或whom引導(dǎo)從句,并且不可省略,但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語(yǔ)從句句末時(shí),作為介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞仍可用that,也可省略.

Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.

Thisisoneofthosethings(which\that)wehavetoputupwith.

c引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等.關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu).

Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.

Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可修飾先行詞,也可修飾整個(gè)主句,起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),若省去,原句意思不受影響.不可用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.關(guān)系詞不可省略.

Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlikemagnetism.

“介詞+which\whom\whose”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

“介詞+which\whom\whose”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配,或先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配.

Thisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavings

Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.

as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句主要用于“such...as”及“thesame...as”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,代替先行詞是人或物的名詞.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),代替整個(gè)主句,從句可位于主句之前、之后或中間.

Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as代替先行詞problems)

Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensontheInternet.(as代替主語(yǔ))

6.狀語(yǔ)從句

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞和詞組有：

when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等.

Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.

assoonas,hardly(scarcely)...when,nosooner...than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等.

AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.

Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞是where,wherever.

Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.

原因、結(jié)果和目的狀語(yǔ)從句

a引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等.

Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwel