醫(yī)學(xué)英語口語對話中英對照

醫(yī)學(xué)英語口語對話中英對照醫(yī)學(xué)英語口語對話中英對照醫(yī)學(xué)英語口語對話中英對照資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月醫(yī)學(xué)英語口語對話中英對照版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：P:Goodmorning,doctor.D:Goodmorning,pleasesitdown.Whatseemstobethematter?P:IthinkImighthavecaughtacold.D:Howlonghaveyoubeensick?P:Fortwodays.D:Whatsymptomsdoyouhave?P:IhavearunnynoseandIacheallover.D:Whatwasthedischargelike?P:Watery.D:Isitthesametoday?P:No,itisyellowandthickertoday.D:Doyouhaveafever?P:Ihaven'ttakenmytemperatureyet,butIfeelfeverish.D:Letmetakeyourtemperature.Itwilltake10minutes....Yes,youdohaveafever.Wereyouexposedtocoldtemperatures?P:Yes,thedaybeforeyesterdaywhenIwenttowork,theweatherwaswarmsoIdidn'twearextraclothes.Intheeveningthetemperaturedroppeddownrapidly.OnthewayhomeIfeltverycold.AfterarrivinghomeIbegantosneeze.WhenIgotoutofbedthenextmorningmynosewasstuffyandrunning.D:Doyouhaveacough?P:Ijuststartedcoughingtoday.D:Doyouhavephlegm?P:Yes,butnotmuch.D:Whatcolorisit?P:Paleyellow.參考譯文病人：早上好，醫(yī)生。醫(yī)生：早上好。請坐。您那里不舒服？病人：我想我感冒了。醫(yī)生：您病了多久了？病人：2天。醫(yī)生：您有什么癥狀嗎？病人：我流鼻涕，而且覺得全身疼痛。醫(yī)生：鼻涕怎么樣的？病人：水樣的。醫(yī)生：今天也一樣嗎?病人：不，今天是黃色的，而且變稠了。醫(yī)生：有沒有發(fā)熱??？病人：我沒有測過體溫，但是我自己覺得發(fā)燒了。醫(yī)生：讓我先幫您測體溫。大概需要十分鐘。......是的，您確實是發(fā)熱。您怕冷嗎？病人：是的。前天我去上班的時候天氣還挺暖和的，當(dāng)時我就沒有多穿衣服。但晚上溫度下降得很快，當(dāng)我回家的時候我覺得很冷?；丶液螅揖烷_始打噴嚏了。第二天早上起床的時候我就覺得鼻塞流涕了。醫(yī)生：您有沒有咳嗽?。坎∪耍航裉靹傞_始。醫(yī)生：您有痰嗎？病人：有，但不多。醫(yī)生：什么顏色的？病人：淺黃色的。D:Isiteasytocoughup?P:Notvery.Ihavetouseefforttocoughitup.Thephlegmisalittlesticky.D:Haveyoubeensweating?P:Isweatedalittleaftertakingsomemedicineforfeverlastnight.D:Areyouthirsty?P:Yes,Ifeellikedrinkingcoolwater.D:Doyouhaveasorethroat?P:Yes,Ido.D:Iwanttolookatyourthroat.Pleaseopenyourmouth.D:Doyoufeelanyotherdiscomfort?P:IfeelsoreeverywhereandIfeelverytiredtoo.D:Pleasestickoutyourtongueandletmehavealook.Youhavearedtonguewiththinandyellowcoating,whichindicateswindandheatinthesuperficialarea.Pleaseputyourhandhereandletmefeelyourpulse....Thepulseissuperficialandrapid.P:Whatdoesasuperficialandrapidpulsemean?D:AsuperficialpulsemeanstheattackofpathogenstotheexteriorlayerofthebodywhichiscalledexteriorsyndromeinTraditionalChinesemedicine,whilearapidpulseindicatesheat.P:WhatisthediagnosisofChinesemedicineforme?D:Itisacommoncold.Accordingtothesymptoms,themanifestationofthetongueandpulse,youhavegotacommonwind-heattypecold.醫(yī)生：容易咯出來嗎？病人：不是太容易。我需要用力才能咯出。這痰有點粘稠。醫(yī)生：您有出汗嗎？病人：昨晚吃了退燒藥后出了一點。醫(yī)生：覺得口渴嗎？病人：是的，我比較想喝冷水。病人：是的，醫(yī)生：我想要看看您的喉嚨，請張開口。醫(yī)生：您還覺得哪里不舒服嗎？病人：我覺得全身疼痛，而且覺得非常累。醫(yī)生：請伸出舌頭讓我看看。他的是舌紅苔薄黃，提示著風(fēng)熱襲表。醫(yī)生：請把手放到這里，我給您把把脈。脈是浮數(shù)的。病人：脈浮數(shù)意味著什么？醫(yī)生：浮脈代表著邪襲體表，在中醫(yī)里這也叫表證，而數(shù)脈提示的是有熱。病人：中醫(yī)診斷是什么？醫(yī)生：根據(jù)癥狀、舌脈的表現(xiàn)，這屬于感冒，風(fēng)熱型。P:Canyouexplainitmoreindetail?D:Pathogenicwindheatoftenattacksthebodythroughthenoseandmouth.Thelungisinvolvedfirst.Pathogenicwindofyangnatureischaracterizedbyupwardandoutwarddispersion.Whenafightgoesonbetweenthepathogenicwindheatandthebodyresistance,fever,slightaversiontowindandsweatingresult.Whenthepathogenicwindheatattacksthehead,symptomslikepainanddistendingsensationoccurinhead.P:That'sinteresting.D:Whenthelungfailstodisperseanddescend,aten-year-oldpatienthasacoughwithyellow,thicksputum.Whenthepathogenicwindheatstiflestheairpassage,thepatientexperiencingacongestedsorethroatwiththirst.Thin,whiteoryellowishtonguecoating,andsuperficialrapidpulsearethesignsshowingthelungandthedefensivesystembeingattackedbythepathogenicwindheat.P:Isee.I'dliketobetreatedwithTraditionalChinesemedicine.ThatiswhyIcamehere.Whatkindoftreatmentwillyougivetome?D:IsuggesttheprescriptionYinQiaoSanforyou.Itisatypicalformulafortreatingwindheattypeofcommoncold.Wemaymodifyitbyaddingsomemoreherbstorelievethesorethroatandtherunnynose.Iwillgiveyoufourdoses.Everydaytakeone.Everydosebringstoaboilanddrainofftheliquid.Addcoldwaterandbringittoaboilthesecondtime.Drinktheliquidfrombothtimes.Doyouunderstand?

病人：你能詳細解釋一下嗎？醫(yī)生：風(fēng)熱之邪常會通過口鼻侵犯機體，而肺先受之。屬于陽的風(fēng)邪就具有向上、向外升散的特性。當(dāng)風(fēng)熱之邪與機體正氣相互搏斗，就會導(dǎo)致發(fā)熱、惡風(fēng)以及汗出。當(dāng)風(fēng)熱之邪侵襲頭部，就會有頭痛、頭脹等癥狀的出現(xiàn)。病人：聽起來很有趣。醫(yī)生：如肺失宣降，就會出現(xiàn)咳嗽，咯黃稠痰。當(dāng)風(fēng)熱之邪使氣道失于通暢，就會出現(xiàn)咽喉充血，疼痛以及口渴。苔薄白或薄黃，浮數(shù)脈都是肺衛(wèi)被風(fēng)熱之邪侵襲的表現(xiàn)。病人：我想以中藥治療。這就是我來這的原因。你們將會予我什么治療呢？醫(yī)生：我建議用銀翹散。那是一條典型的用以治療風(fēng)熱型感冒的方。我們可以在此基礎(chǔ)上加一些用于緩解咽痛和流涕癥狀的草藥。我將會給您開四劑藥。每天一劑。猛火煎藥，然后倒出藥汁。然后再加冷水復(fù)煎一次。把兩次煮的藥都喝完，明白嗎？P:Yes,Ido.D:Also,I'llnowgiveyouacupuncturetreatmentonthepointsofthelung,largeintestineandbladdermeridians,usingthereducingmethod.Thiswillbeveryeffectiveinrelievingyourheadacheandrunnynose.P:Willitbepainful?D:No,justlikeamosquitobite.Afterthatwemayapplycuppingtoyourupperback.(Afterthetreatment)P:Oh,Ifeelmuchbetteraftertheacupuncturetreatment.Myheadachehasgoneandthesorethroathaslessened.Thankyou.D:Afterreturninghomebecarefultorestanddrinkmorehotwater.Thisisyourprescription.GototheChinesemedicinepharmacyandfillyourprescription.P:Ok.Thankyouverymuch,doctor.D:Youarewelcome.病人：知道了。醫(yī)生：我們能否給他用針灸治療來緩解癥狀？我會用瀉法在你的肺經(jīng)、大腸經(jīng)和膀胱經(jīng)上的穴位上用針。這對于緩解你頭痛和流涕的癥狀是很有效的。病人：針灸會很痛嗎？醫(yī)生：不會，就像蚊子咬，然后我們可以在他上背部拔火罐。治療后病人：我覺得治療后舒服多了。我的頭不痛了，而且咽痛也緩解很多了，感覺好多了。謝謝。醫(yī)生：回家后要注意休息，還要喝多點熱水。這是您的處方，您可以到中藥店抓藥。病人：好的，謝謝，再見。D:Goodmorning,whatseemstobetheproblemtoday,Mr.Chen?

P:Well,I'vehadnocturiaforsixmonthsandIstartedlosingweightfourmonthsago.D:AnyotherproblemsHaveyounoticedanychangesinyoururine

P:Yes,it'sdarker,reddish.Iwonderifitcouldbeblood.D:Haveyounoticedanythingelse?P:Yes.I'vefeltsickseveraltimesinthemorningandI'venoticedmylegsareswollenafterworkintheevening.Also,I'vefeltreallygroggyforsomeweeksnow.Idon'tseemtoenjoymyfoodanymoreandI'velostweight.D:Howmuch?P:About6Kg.D:Howlonghaveyouhadthistrouble?P:About4monthsreally.D:Haveyoueverhadtroublewithyoururinebefore?P:Yes.TwoyearsagoIhadaburningsensationwhenIpassedwater.ThedoctorsaidthatIhadhighbloodpressureaswellandheputmeontabletsanditclearedup.D:Well,I'dliketoexamineyou.Pleasecometotheexaminationroom,removeyourclothesexceptyourunderpants,andlieonthetable.(Afterexamination)D:Youcangetdressednow...well,itlookslikeyouhavesomereducedkidneyfunction.Iwantyoutotakesomebloodtests,X-raysandkidneyfunctiontests.I'dlikeyoutocollectyoururinefor24hours.Thenursewilltellyouexactlyhowtodoit.Thenwe'llaskyoutocomeinforanultrasoundexaminationofthekidneys.Thisisaverysimpleproceduretomakesurethereisnoobstruction.參考譯文醫(yī)生：早上好，陳先生，你哪里不舒服

病人：我夜尿多（遺尿）六個月了，而且我四個月前體重開始下降。醫(yī)生：還有別的不舒服嗎您有沒有留意過您小便跟以前有什么不同嗎

病人：是的，它是暗紅色的。我都懷疑那是不是血。醫(yī)生：您還發(fā)現(xiàn)別的什么嗎？病人：有啊，我早上和晚上工作后都有幾回覺得惡心。我還留意到我的腿腫脹了。我近幾周來總覺得頭昏眼花，而且也沒什么胃口，體重也下降了。醫(yī)生：降了多少？病人：大約6公斤。醫(yī)生：像這樣子多久了？病人：大概4個月吧。醫(yī)生：您以前小便也有過異常嗎？病人：是的，兩年前我曾在小便的時候有尿道的灼熱感。醫(yī)生檢查后也說我有高血壓，并給了我一些藥片吃，吃了之后就好了。醫(yī)生：好的，我想給您檢查一下。請您脫下衣服，只剩下內(nèi)衣，然后躺在那檢查床上，先用毛毯蓋上，我等下就來。（檢查后）醫(yī)生：您現(xiàn)在可以穿好衣服了。我想您的問題在于您的腎沒有正常的運作。我希望您能夠進行血液、X線以及腎功能方面的檢查。同時，我也需要您收集24小時的小便。具體怎樣做護士會告訴您。然后，我們會在再讓您進行腎的超聲檢查。然后我們就可以根據(jù)這一個非常簡單的程序去判斷有沒有梗阻情況的存在。P:Canyoutellmeexactlywhatiswrongwithmykidneys?

D:Well,thetestsshowthatyouareinaconditioncalledchronicglomerulonephritis,whichhasdamagedthekidneys.P:IsthechronicglomerulonephritissevereArethereanygoodtreatmentstorepairthekidneydamage

D:Yes,ofcourse.You'dbetterstayinthehospitalfortreatments,andobservation.We'llhavetoinsertatubeintoyourabdomentoflashouttoxicsubstancesinthebloodstream.P:HowlongwillIhavetostayinhospitalWillIhavetostopworking?D:Forabout3-4weeks.Justremindme.What'syourjob?P:I'mateacher.D:Well,Ishouldadviseyoutohavea2-monthrest.P:Thankyoudoctor.D:Notatall.病人：您能確切地告訴我我的腎有什么問題嗎？醫(yī)生：檢驗結(jié)果顯示您得了慢性腎小球腎炎，而那病是您的腎功能受到損害。病人：那慢性腎小球腎炎嚴重嗎有針對腎功能損害的好的治療方法嗎

醫(yī)生：呃，有的。我想你需要住院作治療了，我們將會一直跟蹤你的病情。我們要在你的腹部放個管子，通過液體在其中的流通達到清洗血液的作用，同時也把血液中的毒素排出。病人：那我大概需要住院多長時間那我是不是需要停止工作呢

醫(yī)生：大概3到4周。您提醒我了，您是從事什么職業(yè)的？病人：我是一名教師。醫(yī)生：那樣的話我建議您休息2個月。病人：謝謝您，醫(yī)生。醫(yī)生：不用客氣。D:What'sthematterwithyou?

P:Ihavebeenfeelingthirstyrecently,andIamalwaystired.D:Howaboutyoururination?P:IpassmoreurinethanIusedto.D:Howmanytimesaday?P:Abouteighttimes.D:Howaboutyourappetite?P:Myappetitehasbeengood,butIstillfeelIamlosingweight.D:Anyothersymptoms?P:Ican'tconcentrateonanythingforlong,andIalwaysfeelweak.Ihavesaidthat,Iguess.SometimesIalsofeeldizzy.D:Howoldareyou?P:I'm45thisyear.D:Sir,doyouhaveanyoneinyourfamilywhohasdiabetes?P:Yes,myfatherhashaddiabetesfornearly15years.Whatdoyoumean,doctorDoyoumeanIhavegotdiabetes

D:Accordingtoyoursymptomsandyourfather'shistory,thereisastrongpossibilitythatyouhavegotdiabetes,asthediseaserunsinfamilies.Ofcourse,weneedtodosomechecks.FirstpleasegototheLaboratoryDepartmentandexamineyoururineandbloodsugar.Comebacktomewiththereport.(Laterwiththeresultsoftheexamination)D:Theexaminationshowsanelevationofbloodsugarandyouhavesugarinyoururine.Youhavegotdiabetes.P:IsitseriousWhat'sanormalbloodsugarlevel

參考譯文醫(yī)生：您哪里不舒服？病人：我最近覺得口渴，而且總是覺得很累。醫(yī)生：小便怎樣？病人：小便比以前更多了。醫(yī)生：一天幾次？病人：大概8次。醫(yī)生：胃口怎樣？病人：胃口很好，但我覺得體重反而輕了。醫(yī)生：還有別的癥狀嗎？病人：我不能長時間集中注意力干活，而且總是覺得疲憊。我想這我剛才都說了，有時我還會頭暈。醫(yī)生：您多大歲數(shù)了？病人：45歲。醫(yī)生：那您家里有沒有人是得糖尿病的？病人：有，我父親患有糖尿病接近15年了。您這是什么意思啊，是指我患上糖尿病嗎？醫(yī)生：根據(jù)您的癥狀和您父親的病史，也因為這種疾病有家族史，所以您得糖尿病的可能性很大。當(dāng)然，我們需要做些檢查。首先，請到檢驗科檢驗一下尿液和血糖。有檢查結(jié)果后回來找我。（檢驗結(jié)果出來后）病人：我的情況如何？醫(yī)生：檢驗結(jié)果顯示您血糖升高，尿中也有尿糖。你得了糖尿病。病人：嚴重嗎那正常的空腹血糖水平是多少

D:Itis<130mg%,Generallyitis80—120mg%.Diabetesisadiseaseduetothepoorfunctionofthepancreas,whichbringsaboutmetabolicdisorderofsugar,fatandprotein.It'sachronicdisease.Atthetimebeingthereisstillnowaytocureit.ButasIsaidyourcaseisnotseriousnow.Ifyoupayattentiontotreatmentyourdietandyouwillgetbettergradually.P:WhatelseshouldIpayattentiontoIsthereadietfordiabetes

D:Havingyoururinetestedregularlytoseehowyourdiseaseisgoingisveryimportant.Ontheotherhand,youshouldtrytoomitsugarfromthediet.Thisincludescandy,cake,ice-cream,etc.Highstarchfoodssuchasbread,potato,rice,etcshouldbelimited,too.P:Thankyouverymuch,doctor.Godbye.D:Goodbye.醫(yī)生：那是<130mg%,經(jīng)常是在80—120mg%。糖尿病是由于胰腺功能的失調(diào)，引起糖、脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)的代謝紊亂。那是一種慢性病，具有多尿、多飲、多食的癥狀。在現(xiàn)階段還沒有方法能治愈。但就像我說的那樣，您現(xiàn)在的情況并非很嚴重。如果您注意治療和飲食，您會慢慢好起來的。病人：我還有沒有別的什么需要注意的應(yīng)該采用什么樣的飲食呢

醫(yī)生：定期進行尿液檢測以觀察疾病的進程是重要的。另外，你必須把飲食中的糖都去掉，這包括糖果、蛋糕、雪糕等，而且也應(yīng)該限制高淀粉的食物，例如面包、土豆、米飯等。病人：非常謝謝您，醫(yī)生。再見。醫(yī)生：再見。D:Goodmorning!Pleasehaveaseat.Ijustneedtogetsomeinformationfromyou.CouldIhaveyournameplease?P:MynameisWangPing.D:Whatkindofworkdoyoudo?P:Iamataxidriver.D:That'sfine.Now,tellmewhat'sbotheringyou.P:Well,I'vegotadreadfulstomachacheandI'velostmyappetite.D:Howlonghaveyoubeenfeelingthisway?P:Foraboutoneyear.Firstitwasjustaslightapain,butit'sgotmuchworserecently.D:Couldyoutellmeexactlywherethepainis?P:Yes,it'srighthere.Thisistheworstspot.D:Isitafixedpain?P:Yes,itdoesn'tseemtomove.D:Doesthepaineverspreadtoanyotherarea?P:No.D:WhatsortofpainisitSharpDullP:It'sadistendedfeeling,anditgetsworseifIeatanythingcold.D:Doyoueverfellitwhenyou'rehungry?P:Yes,often,butitgetsbetterifIeatsomething.D:Ifyourubormassageit,doesithelp?P:Yes,itdoes.D:Doyourhandsandfeetoftenfeelcold?參考譯文醫(yī)生：早上好。請坐。我想先了解一些情況。請問您叫什么名字？病人：我叫王萍。醫(yī)生：您從事什么工作？病人：我是一名出租車司機。醫(yī)生：哦，那很好。那我有什么可以幫您的？病人：我的胃痛的很厲害，胃口都沒有了。醫(yī)生：像這樣子多久了？病人：大約一年了。開始的時候只是一點痛，但是最近痛得厲害多了。醫(yī)生：能告訴我具體哪里痛嗎？病人：可以，就是這里。這里是最痛的。醫(yī)生：痛處痛定嗎？病人：是的，它不是游走性的。醫(yī)生：疼痛有沒有向別處蔓延呢？病人：沒有。醫(yī)生：請告訴我關(guān)于胃痛更多的資料。那是什么樣的疼痛呢？病人：那是一種脹感，而且進食冷食后會加重。醫(yī)生：什么東西會加重疼痛呢您餓的時候有疼痛嗎

病人：有的，經(jīng)常。但我進食后會有所改善。醫(yī)生：如果您按摩肚子，痛會緩解一些嗎？病人：會的。醫(yī)生：您的手腳經(jīng)常會覺得冷嗎？P:Yes,often...andverycoldtoo.D:Isthepainconstant,ordoesitcomeandgo?P:Itcomesandgoes.D:Andhowlongdoeseachattacklastfor?

P:Oh...abouttwohours.D:Doyoufeelthemostpainfulinthedaytime?P:Yes,Ithinkso.Usuallyaboutthreehoursaftermeals.Butsometimesitwakesmeupatnight.D:Areyouawareofanythingthatbringsthestomachacheon?P:It'shardtotell.First,IthinkitcomesafterIeatrawandcoldfood.RecentlyI'vefeltitwhenI'mbusyatworkorI'minabadmood.D:Generally,how'syourappetite?P:Notsogood.Ialwaysfeelbloated.SoIdon'tfeellikeeatinganything.What'smore,nomatterwhatIeat,it'stasteless.D:Doyouhaveanyburpingoracidregurgitation?P:Yes,Iburpalot.D:Haveyoubeenverythirstylately?P:No,I'mnotinterestedindrinkinganything.D:Doyoupreferhotorcolddrinks?P:Oh,definitelysomethinghot.D:Haveyougotanyunusualtastesinyourmouth?P:Yes,asourtaste,andIgetacidregurgitation,too.病人：是的，經(jīng)常。而且是很冷。醫(yī)生：疼痛是持續(xù)性的還是間歇性的？病人：是間歇性的。醫(yī)生：每次發(fā)作大概持續(xù)多久？病人：大約2個小時。醫(yī)生：白天疼痛得最厲害嗎？病人：痛通常是在餐后3后小時。有時會在晚上痛醒。醫(yī)生：您有沒有注意到什么東西會誘發(fā)您胃痛嗎？病人：這很難說。我想吃了生冷的東西后就會痛。最近有幾次也是因為我工作很忙或是心情不好而發(fā)作。醫(yī)生：您的胃口如何？病人：不是很好。我總是覺得腹脹，所以不是很想吃東西。再者，無論我吃什么，都覺得淡而無味。醫(yī)生：有沒有打嗝或是泛酸？病人：有，我經(jīng)常會打嗝。醫(yī)生：近來覺得口渴嗎？病人：不，我不想喝什么東西。醫(yī)生：那您是更喜歡喝熱的還是冷的東西呢？病人：應(yīng)該是熱點的。醫(yī)生：口中有什么味道嗎？病人：苦味，而且我也會泛酸。D:Whatareyourbowelmovementslike?P:They'resoftandsometimesIhavediarrhea.D:Anyproblemswithpassingwater?P:No,Idon'tthinkso.D:Haveyoulostanyweightlately?

P:No,myweightisthesameasitwas.D:Haveyoueverhadanyotherproblems?P:I'dalwaysbeeningoodhealthandneverhadanyseriousproblems,notevenacold.D:Doyousmokeordrinkorhaveanyotherhabitsthatmightaffectyourhealth?P:Idon'tsmoke,butdrinkalittle.D:HaveyoueverhadanX-rayorultrasoundBforthisproblem?P:Yes,lastyearIhadanX-rayandthedoctorsaidIhadaduodenalulcer.D:Haveyoueverhadanytreatmentbeforethis?P:Yes,I'vetakenlostoftablets,buttheyhaven'thadmucheffect.SothistimeI'dliketotrysomeChineseherbs.D:Allright.Nowletmelookatyourtongue,andthentakeyourpulse.Mm...thetongueispaleandadullpurplecolor.Thecoatingisthinandwhite.Yourpulseisdeep,slowanduneven.AccordingtothetheoryofTraditionalChineseMedicine,thestomachacheyou'vegotiscausedbydeficientcoldaffectingtheSpleenandStomach.Thetreatmentprincipleistowarmthecenteranddispelthecold.I'llwriteaprescriptionforyou....Hereyouare.P:Thankyou.I'llgoandgettheprescriptionfilledrightaway.D:Cometoseemeagainafteryouhavetakenthemedicine.P:Yes,Iwill.Goodbye!D:Goodbye.醫(yī)生：您的大便怎樣？病人：軟的，有時還會腹瀉。醫(yī)生：小便有問題嗎？病人：我想沒有。醫(yī)生：最近體重有減輕嗎？病人：不，我跟以前一樣重。醫(yī)生：您以前還有別的問題嗎？病人：我一向健康狀況良好，從沒得過什么大病，甚至感冒也沒有。醫(yī)生：您平時吸煙或喝酒的嗎或者還有別的什么會影響健康的習(xí)慣嗎

病人：我不吸煙，但是會喝一點點酒。醫(yī)生：對于這個病您有沒有做過X線或B超檢查？病人：有，去年我做過X線檢查，醫(yī)生說我得的是十二指腸潰瘍。醫(yī)生：那在這之前有沒有治療過呢？病人：有，我吃過很多的藥，但是沒什么用。所以這次我想試試中草藥。醫(yī)生：好的。讓我看看您的舌頭。然后給您把把脈。嗯，舌紫淡暗，苔薄白，脈沉緩結(jié)。根據(jù)中醫(yī)理論，您這種胃痛屬于脾胃虛寒證。治療原則是溫中袪寒，我會寫張?zhí)幏浇o您。...給您。病人：好的，我馬上就去抓藥。醫(yī)生：吃完這些藥下次再來復(fù)診。病人：是的，再見！醫(yī)生：再見。D:Goodmorning.What'sthetrouble?P:I'vebeengettingterribleheadachesrecently.D:Isthereanythingelse?P:Yes.SometimesIfeelabitnauseous.Butthat'sit.D:Whendidtheheadacheexactlybegin?P:Abouttwoweeksago.I'vehadslightheadacheonandoffforthelastfewyears,butnonehasbeenasbadasrecently.D:Haveyouevervisitedadoctorortakenanymedicineforit?P:TenyearsagoIwenttothelocalhospitalforacheck-up,theytoldmethatIhadhypertension.FiveyearsagoIwasdiagnosedwithcoronaryheartdiseaseandstayedinhospitalforaboutoneyear,duringwhichIalsotriedsomeTCMherbs.Sincethenthingsseemalright.However,twoweeksagoIhadaurinalysistakenandthetestforproteinuriawaspositive.D:HaveyoueverhadanyotherdiseasesForexample,anyrenaldiseases

P:No.Nothingelse.D:Whatkindofmedicationhaveyouhadinthepast?P:ItookcapotenregularlyandNitroglycerinoccasionally.Theyusedtobehelpful,buttheydon'tworkanymore.Accordingtotheadviceofthedoctor,Iaddedotherantihypertensiondrugs,butitdoesn'tseem...Well,anywaytheydon'twork.D:Whataboutyourbloodpressure?

參考譯文醫(yī)生：早上好。您哪里不舒服？病人：我最近頭痛得很厲害。醫(yī)生：還有別的不舒服嗎？病人：有時我還會覺得有點惡心。但就只有這些了。醫(yī)生：您頭痛確切是從什么時候開始的呢？病人：大概兩周前。在過去的幾年里我反復(fù)有輕微的頭痛，但不會象最近痛得這么厲害。醫(yī)生：那您有沒有看過醫(yī)生或者吃過什么藥呢？病人：十年前我在當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院檢查，他們能告訴我我有高血壓病。五年前我被診斷為冠心病，并因此住了大概一年院，在那期間我也試過中藥。之后病情一直比較穩(wěn)定。然而兩周前我做了個尿分析，提示我的尿蛋白是陽性。醫(yī)生：您既往還有沒有別的什么病例如：腎臟方面的疾病呢

病人：沒有。醫(yī)生：您過去接受過什么治療？病人：我定期服用卡托普利，并偶爾吃硝酸甘油。它們以前都挺管用的，但現(xiàn)在不再起作用了。按照醫(yī)生的建議，我又加了些降壓藥，但好像......總之，作用都不大。醫(yī)生：那您血壓控制得怎樣？P:Itusedtobearound150/95mmHg.Butrecentlyithasgoneuptoabout200/120mmHg.D:Haveyoutakenanyothertestsrecently?P:Yes.Many,likeurinalysis,bloodtests,chestX-ray,electriccardiogramexamination,ultrasoniccardiogramandevenaCT.I'vebroughtallthereportswithme.Hereyouare.D:Letmehavealook.Yes.Thereissomethingwrongwithyourkidneysandtherenalfunctionisdeteriorating,thoughnotseriously,accordingtotheresultsoftheurinalysisandthebloodtest.ButnothingabnormalwasfoundontheCTofyourkidneys.Letmegiveyouaphysicalexamination....Well,thereisnothingunusual.ButIthinkweneedtodofurtherexamination,otherwise,withoutdefinitediagnosisyourrenalfunctionitmaycontinuetodeteriorate.P:Oh,isthatserious?D:No.It'snot,butwecan'tresolveitifrealcauseisnotfound.P:WhatkindofexaminationshouldItake?D:IlikeyoutohavearenalangiographybyinterventionalRadiologysoastoexaminetherenalartery,becauseaccordingtothedataavailable,Ithinkthatyourhypertensioniscausedbyrenalarterystenosis,whichusuallyresultsinrenovascularhypertension.P:YoumeanIneedanoperation?D:No,notexactly.InterventionalRadiologyisnotsurgeryafterall.病人：以前大概在150/95mmHg，但最近突然升高，都差不多200/120mmHg了。醫(yī)生：您最近還進行了別的什么檢查嗎？病人：是的，我最近做了很多檢查，象尿分析、血分析、胸部X線、心電圖、心臟超聲檢查，甚至CT?？矗叶及阉械臋z查報告都帶來了。醫(yī)生：讓我看看。是的，從尿分析和血分析結(jié)果看來，您的腎有點問題，雖然不是很嚴重，可是腎功能正在衰退。但腹部CT未提示您的腎臟有異常。讓我給您做個體格檢查。嗯，沒發(fā)現(xiàn)什么異常的。但我想您需要進一步的檢查，否則，如果沒有確切的診斷，您的腎功能會持續(xù)惡化。病人：哦，那嚴重嗎？醫(yī)生：不，但是如果真正原因沒找到的話我們就不能對癥下藥了。病人：我需要哪方面的檢查呢？醫(yī)生：我建議您做一個腎血管造影，那樣可以檢查一下腎動脈。因為從現(xiàn)有的資料看來，我估計您的高血壓是由腎動脈狹窄引起，而那常會引起腎性高血壓。病人：您是說我需要手術(shù)？醫(yī)生：不，畢竟放射介入治療不算手術(shù)。P:Isitsafe?D:Yes.Itisaminimaltraumaticmethod.P:Isn'tthereanyotheralternative,likeMRI?D:Sorry,I'mafraidnot.Uptonow,interventionalRadiologyisconsideredtobethetopstandardforvascularexamination,especiallyarterialexamination.Besides,subsequenttherapymaybeexploredduringtheoperationifthestenosisofrenalarteryisconfirmed.P:Whatkindoftherapy?D:OncethediagnosisstenosisofrenalarteryisconfirmedusuallydoctorsperformaPTRAorpercutaneoustransluminalrenalangiography.They'llplantametalstentaspartoftheprocedure.PTRAissimplebuteffectiveandsoisconsideredthepreferredtherapyforsecondaryhypertensioncausedbyrenalarterystenosis.P:WillIhavetostayinhospitalI'dreallyprefernotto.D:Isuggestyoustayinthehospitalforatleastaweek.We'llneedtoconfirmyourconditionjustbeforetheoperation.Willthatworkforyou?P:Ok,Let'sgetitoverbeforeholiday.D:Verywell.We'llcontactyousoon.Takecareanddon'tworryabouttheoperation.P:Thanksalot.Goodbye.D:Youarewelcome.病人：安全嗎？醫(yī)生：安全，它只是一種微創(chuàng)的檢查方式。病人：有沒有別的什么檢查方法可以代替的呢，例如MRI?醫(yī)生：很抱歉，恐怕沒有了。到現(xiàn)在為止，放射介入被認為是血管方面檢查的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，尤其是在動脈方面的檢查。而且，如果腎動脈狹窄被證實的話，在檢查中我們還會作出相應(yīng)的治療。病人：那我需要住院嗎？我可是很害怕住院啊。醫(yī)生：我建議您至少住院一周。我們需要在手術(shù)之前對您身體狀況作出評估。你意下如何？病人：好的，讓我們在假期之前把這解決了。醫(yī)生：很好，我們很快會跟您聯(lián)系。不用擔(dān)心手術(shù)的，再見。病人：謝謝，再見。醫(yī)生：不用謝。P:Hello,doctor.D:Hello,comeinplease!Howareyoufeelingtoday?P:Notgreat.Iwasjustplayingwithmyclassmates,andallofasuddenIfelldown.Myrightelbowhurtsandmyhandisbleeding.Ithappenedreallysuddenly.I'mstillinshock.DoyouthinkI'llbeOk?

D:Letmehavealookatyourarm.IsitstillpainfulWhendidithappen

P:Yes,itis.Ihurtitabouthalfanhourago.D:Wouldyoupleaserollupyoursleaves....That'sfine.That'sit.Sittraight....Nowputyourarmsonyourhips....fine....Nowrestyourarmonmine,that'sright.Ijustwanttofeelunderyourarm...Good.Nowtheotherone....NowwouldyoupleaseliedownLetmeputthispillowunderyourrightshoulder....Nowputyourrightarmoveryourhead.Fine....Dothesamewiththeleft....Good...Getupplease.P:Yes.D:Well,theradialpulseispresent,andthesensationwasintact.Shakemyhandashardasyoucan......Oh!Thestrengthisslightlydiminished.Ithinkwe'dbetterdoanX-ray.P:Canwedothathere?D:No,thenursewilltakeyoutotheX-raydepartment.I'llbethereintenminutes.（Laterwiththeresultoftheexamination）P:HereistheX-rayresult.Isitserious?參考譯文病人：您好！醫(yī)生：您好，請進來。什么事？病人：李醫(yī)生。剛才我正和同學(xué)打羽毛球，突然間我摔倒了，我的右肘很痛，我的手也不停地流血。事出突然，我不知道怎么處理。我很怕傷到我的臂部。您認為我有沒有事呢?醫(yī)生：好，我先檢查一下你的手。你的手還痛嗎什么時候發(fā)生的

病人：還痛啊，半個小時前發(fā)生的意外。醫(yī)生：你能把袖子挽高一點嗎......好......就這樣。坐直點......把手放在臀部......好......現(xiàn)在把手放在我的臀部，對。我想檢查你的肘......好。現(xiàn)在輪到另一邊......你現(xiàn)在躺下。把枕頭放在右肩下......把右手舉過頭。好......左手也做同一動作......好......請起來。病人：好的。醫(yī)生：脈搏、感覺都沒事的。出力握住我的手......哦！握力輕微減退。我想您最好拍個片。病人：在這兒拍嗎？醫(yī)生：不，護士會帶你到X光室。我馬上到那里。（檢查結(jié)果出來后）病人：您好，醫(yī)生。這是拍X光片的結(jié)果。嚴重嗎？

D:Fromthepicture,youhaveasupracondylarfractureofthetranscondylartype.It'snotseriousbutitwon'tgetbetterofitsownaccord.Ithinkyou'llhaveanoperation.P:ButIhavetogotoschool.I'llhaveafinalexaminamonth.Doctor,pleasehelpme!D:Don'tworry.You'llonlybeinfortendaysorsoandoncetheoperationisover,you'llfeelmuchbetter.ShallIputyouonthewaitinglist?P:Allright.D:I'lltakeyoutotheadmissionsofficeandmakethenecessaryarrangements.Well,beforethatlet'stalkforjustafewminutesaboutyourcondition.I'vealreadywrittentheorderstowatchyoucarefullyforthefirst48hours,andthenurseshouldreporttomeifthehandbecomespainful,cold,pale,dusky,orswollen.Nurse,pleasegivemeasutureset.P:Areyougoingtosewupthewoundonmyhand?D:Yes,justthreestitches,Ithink.Itwon'tbeverypainful,I'llfixyourightup...Okay,itisdone.Thatwasn'tsobad,wasit?P:No,notvery.D:Haveyouhadatetanusshotrecently?P:No.DoIneedone?D:Yes,Tetanusisatypeoftoxemia.Thattoxindiffusesthroughoutthetissuesandinvolvestheneuromusclesend-organs,causingspasm.Massetermusclespasmsareoneoftheearliestsymptoms;themostseriousisthespasmoftherespiratorymuscles.It'sbestifyouhaveit.Haveyouhadthisshotbefore?

醫(yī)生：從照片上看，你是鷹嘴骨折，看起來象橫貫型。不是太嚴重，但它自己不會好。我想你應(yīng)該住院做個手術(shù)。病人：我要上學(xué)啊。一個月后我要期末考了。醫(yī)生，請您幫幫我！醫(yī)生：我知道。但是當(dāng)你的病情需要，你就要到醫(yī)院來了。一旦手術(shù)做完，只需要住十天左右，你就會感覺好多了。要幫你登記輪候住院嗎？病人：好吧。醫(yī)生：我?guī)愕饺朐恨k公室，作些必要的安排。好，讓我們用幾分鐘討論你的病情。我已經(jīng)下醫(yī)囑在兩天內(nèi)密切觀察你的病情，如果手變痛了，或變冷、變蒼白、暗黑或腫脹了，護士會及時向我匯報。......護士，給我一個縫合包。病人：您打算給我的手縫針嗎？醫(yī)生：是的，我想縫三針。不會很痛的，我會幫你固定好......好，行了，不是太痛吧？病人：不會。醫(yī)生：你最近打過破傷風(fēng)疫苗嗎？病人：沒有。我一定要打嗎？醫(yī)生：是。破傷風(fēng)是一種毒血癥。毒素會播散到各個器官組織，牽涉到神經(jīng)－肌肉接頭部分，引起痙攣。咀嚼肌是最早受累的部分之一，最嚴重的是呼吸肌痙攣。所以你一定要打。以前打過嗎？P:Yes.Ihadoneaboutfiveyearsago.D:Well,Ithinkyou'dbetterhaveanotherone.P:Noproblem.D:PleasecomeagainfivedayslaterandsoIcantakethestitchesout.Don'tworryaboutyourhand.Itisgoingtobefine.Nurse,Payattentiontothesituationofthispatient,andI'llshowyouhowtodoDunlop'straction,assoonashegetsintotheward.Oh,yes.Wewillcontinuethetractionforthreeweeksuntilthefractureishealed,oraftertendays,whenthefragment'sbecomefixedtogether.Thenwecanreplacethetractionbyplasterwiththearminflexion.Feelfreetocontactusifanythinghappens!P:Thankyou,doctor.WhatshouldIdonow?D:First,youshouldgetsomerest,andgetsomeregularsleep.Second,youshouldn'tworryaboutyoursituation.Ishallprescribesomemedicineandtonicforyoutoquietyournervesandincreaseyourenergy.That'sall.P:Ok,doctor.Thanksagain.病人：我五年前曾打過。醫(yī)生：行，最好還是再打一次......你認為怎樣？病人：好的。醫(yī)生：你真幽默。好，五天后再來，我到時把線拆了，不要擔(dān)心，這手會完全恢復(fù)的。護士，請注意這個病人的情況，病人一入院，就作鄧氏牽引。對了，必須牽引3周，直到骨折痊愈了，或者十天后，骨折碎片長在一塊了，我們就可以撤掉牽引，用膠板把手固定在半屈位。崔小姐，有什么事請跟我們聯(lián)系。病人：謝謝醫(yī)生。我還要注意什么？醫(yī)生：第一，調(diào)整生活規(guī)律，要睡眠充足。第二，不必過分擔(dān)心病情。我開些藥和滋補品給你，鎮(zhèn)靜你的情緒，增加營養(yǎng)。就這樣，再見！病人：再次感謝您！再見。肚子痛Sufferfromastomach大夫：請進。你哪里不舒服Doctor:Pleasecomein.Whatseemstobethetrouble病人：肚子不舒服。我想可能是昨晚吃得太多了。Patient:It’smystomach.IthinkprobablyIhadtoomuchatsupperyesterdayevening.大夫：你昨晚吃了些什么，能告訴我嗎

Doctor:Canyoutellmewhatyouhadforsupperyesterdayevening病人：海鮮，烤鴨。種類很多，有的我叫不出名兒。Patient:Seafood,roastduck.Oh,agreatvarietyofthings,Ican’tnamethemexactly.大夫：你嘔吐過沒有Doctor:Haveyouvomitted病人：嘔吐過。昨晚吐了三次，還上了好幾趟廁所。Patient:Yes,Ihavevomittedthreetimesandmadeseveraltripstothebathroomlastnight.大夫：我明白了。你得做一個大便檢查。我給你開一張化驗單。你帶著化驗單到化驗室去。檢查完后，請把化驗報告給我送過來。Doctor:Isee.Nowyouhavetogetyourstoolstested.I’llwriteoutaslipandyoucantakeittothelaboratory.Waitforawhileand