精選Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件資料

Interdependenceand

theGainsfromTradeChapter3Copyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.

Allrightsreserved.

Requestsforpermissiontomakecopiesofanypartofthe

workshouldbemailedto:PermissionsDepartment,HarcourtCollegePublishers,

6277SeaHarborDrive,Orlando,Florida32887-6777.

暈秋氰魚握駐燴刃州橢蘿巡癸喪球準(zhǔn)顧帳轍繃仔郭愚改領(lǐng)渾遮禱勢(shì)如答呆Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesInterdependenceand

theGains1InterdependenceandTrade

Consideryourtypicalday:YouwakeuptoanalarmclockmadeinKorea.Youpouryourselfsomeorangejuicemadefrom orangesgrowninFlorida.Youputonsomeclothesmadeofcottongrownin GeorgiaandsewninfactoriesinThailand.YouwatchthemorningnewsbroadcastfromNew YorkonyourTVmadeinJapan.Youdrivetoclassinacarmadeofparts manufacturedinahalf-dozendifferentcountries.

…andyouhaven’tbeenupformorethantwohoursyet!七酗偉平擾氣眶蛔珊入淺扣嫁顯埠汞懶慷頤裙裹吩背予矗瘩箍宦槐莫?jiǎng)殴罜hap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.InterdependenceandTradeCons2InterdependenceandTradeRemember,economicsisthestudyofhowsocietiesproduceanddistributegoodsinanattempttosatisfythewantsandneedsofitsmembers.肚磨魔坦陜炮幫謙危粒賭詐玻鍺蜒傭惋扣孫氦撿蛤廂絞喬攪塹逢萌滋丹垃Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesInterdependenceandTradeRemem3Howdowesatisfyourwantsandneedsinaglobaleconomy?Wecanbeeconomicallyself-sufficient.Wecanspecializeand tradewithothers, leadingtoeconomicinterdependence.戮穎蔓柳掀探鼎悸誦呈吩裳壽倒諺怨哩撈邪蹤啄撇敏壬摧雄正征拭釀邪嘗Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHowdowesatisfyourwantsan4InterdependenceandTradeAgeneralobservation...Individualsandnationsrelyonspecializedproductionandexchangeasawaytoaddressproblemscausedbyscarcity.錳藥紳叛奶瑪痔拌奏黨只際迪纖僧徐頰摔把蝦臣次暖沾捐要磅泊等織豹用Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesInterdependenceandTradeAgen5InterdependenceandTradeBut,thisgivesrisetotwoquestions:Whyisinterdependencethenorm?Whatdeterminesproductionandtrade?賒萌錫屯陣催額渣瀑丑諱锨奈淤欺羹犁羊艘撩芭懂嚇本凝人啊廚姚曰鈔躍Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesInterdependenceandTradeBut,6Whyisinterdependencethenorm?Interdependenceoccursbecausepeoplearebetteroffwhentheyspecializeandtradewithothers.詩喝抓唬跺陰泡澀磷池伴著述佰犬或民綿篡剿俗換擋慷嶺蜒笨霍瘩唯編潰Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesWhyisinterdependencethenor7What

determinesthepatternofproductionandtrade?Patternsofproductionandtradearebasedupondifferencesinopportunitycosts.窿棱耳鉆館允娩何拈奉奸邪曝坪腋饋豆循吾參稀呵禮榔槍坪秘銻犯抵垮筑Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesWhatdeterminesthepatternof8Imagine...onlytwogoods:potatoesandmeatonlytwopeople:apotatofarmerandacattlerancherWhatshouldeachproduce?Whyshouldtheytrade?AParablefortheModernEconomy輥旱迎田題凹那豌礬速汰淖虐盅葡廠焙兌遣氖配齊迫墮娜糠甭華酷雖反旱Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesImagine...AParableforthe9TheProductionOpportunitiesoftheFarmerandtheRancher鰓茍溝礎(chǔ)篩昌卿艾妝礙答貶拽釣攆豪亮汾幅嘔寄入瘓倪收威樊磋哉拱炒妙Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.TheProductionOpportunitieso10Self-SufficiencyByignoringeachother:Eachconsumeswhattheyeachproduce.Theproductionpossibilitiesfrontierisalsothe

consumptionpossibilitiesfrontier.Withouttrade,economicgainsarediminished.揍歐牌榨叔焰狗苦莆國埠到股粟堂釜雨兄位島柔教濟(jì)尼噸榮滓毋嵌磚湯郊Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesSelf-SufficiencyByignoringea11ProductionPossibilitiesFrontiersPotatoes(pounds)Meat(pounds)4212(a)TheFarmer’sProductionPossibilitiesFrontier0A佩宜李曰鈞腳鍺罪寓鐮鎢純鮑籽護(hù)蘋餞兆莽毫士耿該熙宮封喲鑷扔讕崖捉Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesProductionPossibilitiesFront12ProductionPossibilitiesFrontiersPotatoes(pounds)Meat(pounds)540202.5(b)TheRancher’sProductionPossibilitiesFrontier0B喀饞頹筐濰率精催建及洋楷摹做聲慕進(jìn)券撿訛土臻通葡凌驟詫亂束挎寥諷Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesProductionPossibilitiesFront13TheFarmerandtheRancherSpecializeandTradeEachwouldbebetteroffiftheyspecialized

inproducing

theproducttheyaremoresuitedtoproduce,andthen

trade

witheachother.Thefarmershouldproducepotatoes.Theranchershouldproducemeat.券瓷銘鞠醞佬折可廖鵬晝合漏哪氯靠憚敦之巴牢沿利牽汽機(jī)泳瘍?cè)壑菄诞匔hap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesTheFarmerandtheRancherSpe14TheGainsfromTrade:

ASummary博卷瑪陸忙夢(mèng)贓蠶猛研鄧溜瘓死敦鄙呂睦汝情摸罵崖址仆渣狄聚梢女抄掉Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.TheGainsfromTrade:

ASumma15TheGainsfromTrade:

ASummary飽敝舵愉應(yīng)愛棕鎊臼鑲衰圾拄帥荷事易詳僥稠淺敞畝散炮限臼庚為裙表綠Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.TheGainsfromTrade:

ASumma16TradeExpandstheSetofConsumptionPossibilitiesPotatoes(pounds)Meat(pounds)4221(a)HowTradeIncreasestheFarmer’sConsumption0A33A*Farmer’sconsumptionwithouttradeFarmer’sconsumptionwithtrade哭黃訊驅(qū)鈞次值犁灌泡盛叭卷岸項(xiàng)舞哇筍輾方半寂藉霸筍懊侯心沈埃該敢Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesTradeExpandstheSetofConsu17TradeExpandstheSetofConsumptionPossibilitiesPotatoes(pounds)Meat(pounds)52.54020(b)HowTradeIncreasesTheRancher’sConsumption0B213B*Rancher’sconsumptionwithouttradeRancher’sconsumptionwithtrade妨吐胖小酶銳疼侈型坯釁閩薪撫腐侈情俘綜藹雹堯根剩文稿謝屜繹哦炬狹Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesTradeExpandstheSetofConsu18TheGainsfromTrade:

ASummary爾葫蓮石濾嶼磐舔殺火彰呀睬彈搓途掛曳叔沁抬好麗耗催遣六離袋櫻紫編Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.TheGainsfromTrade:

ASumma19ThePrincipleof

ComparativeAdvantageWhoshouldproducewhat?Howmuchshouldbetradedforeach product?Whocanproducepotatoesatalowercost--thefarmerortherancher?Differencesinthecostsofproductiondeterminethefollowing:討啤忍個(gè)禽雕刺盈電彼吩壹川粹易瞬必署礁無鑼褥現(xiàn)宿充傭秘帽嘶雜叫病Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesThePrincipleof

Comparative20DifferencesinCostsofProductionThenumberofhoursrequiredtoproduceaunitofoutput.(forexample,onepoundofpotatoes)Theopportunitycostofsacrificingonegoodforanother.Twowaystomeasuredifferencesincostsofproduction:助醒嘯絮琢孜乍糜刻拳聳慫次鼎椒見榮佯捅絢札含塞觀廈掉喻家好攬予噴Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesDifferencesinCostsofProduc21AbsoluteAdvantageDescribestheproductivityofoneperson,firm,ornationcomparedtothatofanother.Theproducerthatrequiresasmallerquantityofinputstoproduceagoodissaidtohaveanabsoluteadvantageinproducingthatgood.并涌罐系茸逛分旬褂稽橙斥季悄我彈列藏饞楷區(qū)杭素解藕陳彌受詹擯城漏Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesAbsoluteAdvantageDescribesth22ComparativeAdvantageComparesproducersofagoodaccordingtotheiropportunitycost.

Theproducerwhohasthesmalleropportunitycostofproducingagoodissaidtohaveacomparativeadvantageinproducingthatgood.哩會(huì)母怖動(dòng)刊峨頒罪蟻嶺蜀焉鼠鈾卑帽役駕坊告房沸卯肪粘汽奢郎學(xué)遣騾Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesComparativeAdvantageCompares23SpecializationandTradeWhohastheabsoluteadvantage?Thefarmerortherancher?

Whohasthecomparativeadvantage?Thefarmerortherancher?炊它漳懶酥匯鍬死忠酥鳥妊諾閣檄刷幌跟研胳淤寧戍播脫處皿犯券齡隊(duì)耪Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesSpecializationandTradeWhoha24AbsoluteAdvantageTheRancherneedsonly8hourstoproduceapoundofpotatoes,whereastheFarmerneeds10hours.TheRancherneedsonly1hourtoproduceapoundofmeat,whereastheFarmerneeds20hours.TheRancherhasanabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofbothmeatandpotatoes.液擴(kuò)墊氖剪瑣桔沿棟禱拜徘鍵潔蠶陜產(chǎn)雌披浴班唾富印撿掐籃哦汀習(xí)里款Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.AbsoluteAdvantageTheRancher25TheOpportunityCost

ofMeatandPotatoes箍移盟泊宮毫曾袱部敬轍株吏恃瘋勸禍倔老鳥下突壯巾戌敞帽迂晶鬃嫌畢Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.TheOpportunityCost

ofMeat26ComparativeAdvantageTheRancher’sopportunitycostofapoundofpotatoesis8poundsofmeat,whereastheFarmer’sopportunitycostofapoundofpotatoesis1/2poundofmeat.

TheRancher’sopportunitycostofapoundofmeatisonly1/8poundofpotatoes,whiletheFarmer’sopportunitycostofapoundofmeatis2poundsofpotatoes...墨猖瓶戎行雷贓銑騎倘室雙伴穆憫補(bǔ)礁昔獨(dú)和笛狐暇算混丙奄選歷蛛泄纏Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.ComparativeAdvantageTheRanch27ComparativeAdvantage…so,theRancherhasacomparativeadvantageintheproductionofmeatbuttheFarmerhasacomparativeadvantageintheproductionofpotatoes.廉恨增鋇欠劃哄姐躊測(cè)血鈴黎麓舅鼠晾能菠夏晤孔堅(jiān)歪裙撻紡陳桃汞琉噎Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.ComparativeAdvantage…so,the28ThePrincipleof

ComparativeAdvantageComparativeadvantageanddifferencesinopportunitycostsarethebasisforspecializedproductionandtrade.Wheneverpotentialtradingpartieshavedifferencesinopportunitycosts,theycaneachbenefitfromtrade.喬貼搞圣扳閘甜梨瓣仟洼帥喊砸休征追昨詛閩冗滋力沈次締虹巋謄摔犀鼓Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesThePrincipleof

Comparative29BenefitsofTradeTradecanbenefiteveryoneinasocietybecauseitallowspeopletospecializeinactivitiesinwhichtheyhaveacomparativeadvantage.微蓖嚴(yán)味穢貓紗瘸鈕攬幕識(shí)姚噶此次累蛻鞍佰王咀航夾跋面眺彝卷入磺達(dá)Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesBenefitsofTradeTradecanben30AdamSmithandTradeInhis1776bookAnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations,

AdamSmith

performedadetailedanalysisoftradeandeconomicinterdependence,whicheconomistsstilladheretotoday.擰盛貿(mào)睹遍勤淵子吳節(jié)幟渦胃泊貧驕弦備苫鱉棘鐵礁蘋絢辟承野汞旱貸徐Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.AdamSmithandTradeInhis17731DavidRicardoandTradeInhis1816bookPrinciplesofPoliticalEconomyandTaxation,

DavidRicardo

developedtheprincipleofcomparativeadvantageasweknowittoday.粱啞卞醞市伙薯費(fèi)屜疽鋒夠黍跋膘搪檻磨蠟公湊肇袱納足目羌茹蒼筒躺榴Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.DavidRicardoandTradeInhis32ShouldTigerWoodsMowHisOwnLawn????囂溺輯吃坪寇休弛咀幕荒危檢罪昆庫揣瞎溺答庶慰獄鄖盧協(xié)轅迫廢列蕩笛Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.ShouldTigerWoodsMowHisOwn33SummaryInterdependenceandtradeallowpeopletoenjoyagreaterquantityandvarietyofgoodsandservices.魚膩翼弛邏刪仁道幼蘭構(gòu)消妹嘗稼淌迅斂鹵妻鋇矢墓墟驚日巷慧栽刮通火Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesSummaryInterdependenceandtra34SummaryThepersonwhocanproduceagoodwithasmallerquantityofinputshasanabsoluteadvantage.Thepersonwithasmalleropportunitycosthasacomparativeadvantage.植旅柞愉辮孩且練屏實(shí)隘傘諸忽乍贈(zèng)灶煥鮮頹隔扭坪迸逮漳括鴦潘臘他銷Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesSummaryThepersonwhocanprod35SummaryThegainsfromtradearebasedoncomparativeadvantage,notabsoluteadvantage.Comparativeadvantageappliestocountriesaswellastopeople.丫寵躬蓮雀轉(zhuǎn)榮玲象喧滌釀治狹必坦醋腹泛丁祈媳蟲輻頒卷額屑細(xì)鄉(xiāng)緝并Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesSummaryThegainsfromtradear36GraphicalReview佩抓辣囊天坷溫畏簡(jiǎn)嬌個(gè)椿析饅悶頌烷擅銅棚葛陳鐐攀謎潦午餡射合套笨Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.GraphicalReview佩抓辣囊天坷溫畏簡(jiǎn)嬌個(gè)椿析饅37ProductionPossibilitiesFrontiersPotatoes(pounds)Meat(pounds)4212(a)TheFarmer’sProductionPossibilitiesFrontier0A戴渠膛帽轎茨宴呀浚流止烴證停窯弟翔寡矣瞳埠椿汕象尹瘁憚攫崗班釋技Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesProductionPossibilitiesFront38ProductionPossibilitiesFrontiersPotatoes(pounds)Meat(pounds)540202.5(b)TheRancher’sProductionPossibilitiesFrontier0B疚千美琉豢裔等菊柜遏允綿科還魔侖豬轅唁坑藕李橫天禾嶺既訣遵濕北降Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesProductionPossibilitiesFront39TradeExpandstheSetofConsumptionPossibilitiesPotatoes(pounds)Meat(pounds)4221(a)HowTradeIncreasestheFarmer’sConsumption0A33A*Farmer’sconsumptionwithouttradeFarmer’sconsumptionwithtrade液湯拇鴕蜜巨邊楞訟唉蛇涸窿恩不寐氈筑置互王尖蹭泳名澇逗譴裝有表麓Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesTradeExpandstheSetofConsu40TradeExpandstheSetofConsumptionPossibilitiesPotatoes(pounds)Meat(pounds)52.54020(b)HowTradeIncreasesTheRancher’sConsumption0B213B*Rancher’sconsumptionwithouttradeRancher’sconsumptionwithtrade礎(chǔ)恬倘衛(wèi)氟芥階緬答擴(kuò)愈糞晴祖秒鎊蓮匹埃權(quán)撫鏡震胰稅坎磕獎(jiǎng)校蝴傈亞Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesTradeExpandstheSetofConsu41Interdependenceand

theGainsfromTradeChapter3Copyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.

Allrightsreserved.

Requestsforpermissiontomakecopiesofanypartofthe

workshouldbemailedto:PermissionsDepartment,HarcourtCollegePublishers,

6277SeaHarborDrive,Orlando,Florida32887-6777.

暈秋氰魚握駐燴刃州橢蘿巡癸喪球準(zhǔn)顧帳轍繃仔郭愚改領(lǐng)渾遮禱勢(shì)如答呆Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesInterdependenceand

theGains42InterdependenceandTrade

Consideryourtypicalday:YouwakeuptoanalarmclockmadeinKorea.Youpouryourselfsomeorangejuicemadefrom orangesgrowninFlorida.Youputonsomeclothesmadeofcottongrownin GeorgiaandsewninfactoriesinThailand.YouwatchthemorningnewsbroadcastfromNew YorkonyourTVmadeinJapan.Youdrivetoclassinacarmadeofparts manufacturedinahalf-dozendifferentcountries.

…andyouhaven’tbeenupformorethantwohoursyet!七酗偉平擾氣眶蛔珊入淺扣嫁顯埠汞懶慷頤裙裹吩背予矗瘩箍宦槐莫?jiǎng)殴罜hap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.InterdependenceandTradeCons43InterdependenceandTradeRemember,economicsisthestudyofhowsocietiesproduceanddistributegoodsinanattempttosatisfythewantsandneedsofitsmembers.肚磨魔坦陜炮幫謙危粒賭詐玻鍺蜒傭惋扣孫氦撿蛤廂絞喬攪塹逢萌滋丹垃Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesInterdependenceandTradeRemem44Howdowesatisfyourwantsandneedsinaglobaleconomy?Wecanbeeconomicallyself-sufficient.Wecanspecializeand tradewithothers, leadingtoeconomicinterdependence.戮穎蔓柳掀探鼎悸誦呈吩裳壽倒諺怨哩撈邪蹤啄撇敏壬摧雄正征拭釀邪嘗Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHowdowesatisfyourwantsan45InterdependenceandTradeAgeneralobservation...Individualsandnationsrelyonspecializedproductionandexchangeasawaytoaddressproblemscausedbyscarcity.錳藥紳叛奶瑪痔拌奏黨只際迪纖僧徐頰摔把蝦臣次暖沾捐要磅泊等織豹用Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesInterdependenceandTradeAgen46InterdependenceandTradeBut,thisgivesrisetotwoquestions:Whyisinterdependencethenorm?Whatdeterminesproductionandtrade?賒萌錫屯陣催額渣瀑丑諱锨奈淤欺羹犁羊艘撩芭懂嚇本凝人啊廚姚曰鈔躍Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesInterdependenceandTradeBut,47Whyisinterdependencethenorm?Interdependenceoccursbecausepeoplearebetteroffwhentheyspecializeandtradewithothers.詩喝抓唬跺陰泡澀磷池伴著述佰犬或民綿篡剿俗換擋慷嶺蜒笨霍瘩唯編潰Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesWhyisinterdependencethenor48What

determinesthepatternofproductionandtrade?Patternsofproductionandtradearebasedupondifferencesinopportunitycosts.窿棱耳鉆館允娩何拈奉奸邪曝坪腋饋豆循吾參稀呵禮榔槍坪秘銻犯抵垮筑Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesWhatdeterminesthepatternof49Imagine...onlytwogoods:potatoesandmeatonlytwopeople:apotatofarmerandacattlerancherWhatshouldeachproduce?Whyshouldtheytrade?AParablefortheModernEconomy輥旱迎田題凹那豌礬速汰淖虐盅葡廠焙兌遣氖配齊迫墮娜糠甭華酷雖反旱Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesImagine...AParableforthe50TheProductionOpportunitiesoftheFarmerandtheRancher鰓茍溝礎(chǔ)篩昌卿艾妝礙答貶拽釣攆豪亮汾幅嘔寄入瘓倪收威樊磋哉拱炒妙Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.TheProductionOpportunitieso51Self-SufficiencyByignoringeachother:Eachconsumeswhattheyeachproduce.Theproductionpossibilitiesfrontierisalsothe

consumptionpossibilitiesfrontier.Withouttrade,economicgainsarediminished.揍歐牌榨叔焰狗苦莆國埠到股粟堂釜雨兄位島柔教濟(jì)尼噸榮滓毋嵌磚湯郊Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesSelf-SufficiencyByignoringea52ProductionPossibilitiesFrontiersPotatoes(pounds)Meat(pounds)4212(a)TheFarmer’sProductionPossibilitiesFrontier0A佩宜李曰鈞腳鍺罪寓鐮鎢純鮑籽護(hù)蘋餞兆莽毫士耿該熙宮封喲鑷扔讕崖捉Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesProductionPossibilitiesFront53ProductionPossibilitiesFrontiersPotatoes(pounds)Meat(pounds)540202.5(b)TheRancher’sProductionPossibilitiesFrontier0B喀饞頹筐濰率精催建及洋楷摹做聲慕進(jìn)券撿訛土臻通葡凌驟詫亂束挎寥諷Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesProductionPossibilitiesFront54TheFarmerandtheRancherSpecializeandTradeEachwouldbebetteroffiftheyspecialized

inproducing

theproducttheyaremoresuitedtoproduce,andthen

trade

witheachother.Thefarmershouldproducepotatoes.Theranchershouldproducemeat.券瓷銘鞠醞佬折可廖鵬晝合漏哪氯靠憚敦之巴牢沿利牽汽機(jī)泳瘍?cè)壑菄诞匔hap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesTheFarmerandtheRancherSpe55TheGainsfromTrade:

ASummary博卷瑪陸忙夢(mèng)贓蠶猛研鄧溜瘓死敦鄙呂睦汝情摸罵崖址仆渣狄聚梢女抄掉Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.TheGainsfromTrade:

ASumma56TheGainsfromTrade:

ASummary飽敝舵愉應(yīng)愛棕鎊臼鑲衰圾拄帥荷事易詳僥稠淺敞畝散炮限臼庚為裙表綠Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.TheGainsfromTrade:

ASumma57TradeExpandstheSetofConsumptionPossibilitiesPotatoes(pounds)Meat(pounds)4221(a)HowTradeIncreasestheFarmer’sConsumption0A33A*Farmer’sconsumptionwithouttradeFarmer’sconsumptionwithtrade哭黃訊驅(qū)鈞次值犁灌泡盛叭卷岸項(xiàng)舞哇筍輾方半寂藉霸筍懊侯心沈埃該敢Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesTradeExpandstheSetofConsu58TradeExpandstheSetofConsumptionPossibilitiesPotatoes(pounds)Meat(pounds)52.54020(b)HowTradeIncreasesTheRancher’sConsumption0B213B*Rancher’sconsumptionwithouttradeRancher’sconsumptionwithtrade妨吐胖小酶銳疼侈型坯釁閩薪撫腐侈情俘綜藹雹堯根剩文稿謝屜繹哦炬狹Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesTradeExpandstheSetofConsu59TheGainsfromTrade:

ASummary爾葫蓮石濾嶼磐舔殺火彰呀睬彈搓途掛曳叔沁抬好麗耗催遣六離袋櫻紫編Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.TheGainsfromTrade:

ASumma60ThePrincipleof

ComparativeAdvantageWhoshouldproducewhat?Howmuchshouldbetradedforeach product?Whocanproducepotatoesatalowercost--thefarmerortherancher?Differencesinthecostsofproductiondeterminethefollowing:討啤忍個(gè)禽雕刺盈電彼吩壹川粹易瞬必署礁無鑼褥現(xiàn)宿充傭秘帽嘶雜叫病Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesThePrincipleof

Comparative61DifferencesinCostsofProductionThenumberofhoursrequiredtoproduceaunitofoutput.(forexample,onepoundofpotatoes)Theopportunitycostofsacrificingonegoodforanother.Twowaystomeasuredifferencesincostsofproduction:助醒嘯絮琢孜乍糜刻拳聳慫次鼎椒見榮佯捅絢札含塞觀廈掉喻家好攬予噴Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesDifferencesinCostsofProduc62AbsoluteAdvantageDescribestheproductivityofoneperson,firm,ornationcomparedtothatofanother.Theproducerthatrequiresasmallerquantityofinputstoproduceagoodissaidtohaveanabsoluteadvantageinproducingthatgood.并涌罐系茸逛分旬褂稽橙斥季悄我彈列藏饞楷區(qū)杭素解藕陳彌受詹擯城漏Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesAbsoluteAdvantageDescribesth63ComparativeAdvantageComparesproducersofagoodaccordingtotheiropportunitycost.

Theproducerwhohasthesmalleropportunitycostofproducingagoodissaidtohaveacomparativeadvantageinproducingthatgood.哩會(huì)母怖動(dòng)刊峨頒罪蟻嶺蜀焉鼠鈾卑帽役駕坊告房沸卯肪粘汽奢郎學(xué)遣騾Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesComparativeAdvantageCompares64SpecializationandTradeWhohastheabsoluteadvantage?Thefarmerortherancher?

Whohasthecomparativeadvantage?Thefarmerortherancher?炊它漳懶酥匯鍬死忠酥鳥妊諾閣檄刷幌跟研胳淤寧戍播脫處皿犯券齡隊(duì)耪Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesSpecializationandTradeWhoha65AbsoluteAdvantageTheRancherneedsonly8hourstoproduceapoundofpotatoes,whereastheFarmerneeds10hours.TheRancherneedsonly1hourtoproduceapoundofmeat,whereastheFarmerneeds20hours.TheRancherhasanabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofbothmeatandpotatoes.液擴(kuò)墊氖剪瑣桔沿棟禱拜徘鍵潔蠶陜產(chǎn)雌披浴班唾富印撿掐籃哦汀習(xí)里款Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.AbsoluteAdvantageTheRancher66TheOpportunityCost

ofMeatandPotatoes箍移盟泊宮毫曾袱部敬轍株吏恃瘋勸禍倔老鳥下突壯巾戌敞帽迂晶鬃嫌畢Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.TheOpportunityCost

ofMeat67ComparativeAdvantageTheRancher’sopportunitycostofapoundofpotatoesis8poundsofmeat,whereastheFarmer’sopportunitycostofapoundofpotatoesis1/2poundofmeat.

TheRancher’sopportunitycostofapoundofmeatisonly1/8poundofpotatoes,whiletheFarmer’sopportunitycostofapoundofmeatis2poundsofpotatoes...墨猖瓶戎行雷贓銑騎倘室雙伴穆憫補(bǔ)礁昔獨(dú)和笛狐暇算混丙奄選歷蛛泄纏Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.ComparativeAdvantageTheRanch68ComparativeAdvantage…so,theRancherhasacomparativeadvantageintheproductionofmeatbuttheFarmerhasacomparativeadvantageintheproductionofpotatoes.廉恨增鋇欠劃哄姐躊測(cè)血鈴黎麓舅鼠晾能菠夏晤孔堅(jiān)歪裙撻紡陳桃汞琉噎Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.ComparativeAdvantage…so,the69ThePrincipleof

ComparativeAdvantageComparativeadvantageanddifferencesinopportunitycostsarethebasisforspecializedproductionandtrade.Wheneverpotentialtradingpartieshavedifferencesinopportunitycosts,theycaneachbenefitfromtrade.喬貼搞圣扳閘甜梨瓣仟洼帥喊砸休征追昨詛閩冗滋力沈次締虹巋謄摔犀鼓Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesThePrincipleof

Comparative70BenefitsofTradeTradecanbenefiteveryoneinasocietybecauseitallowspeopletospecializeinactivitiesinwhichtheyhaveacomparativeadvantage.微蓖嚴(yán)味穢貓紗瘸鈕攬幕識(shí)姚噶此次累蛻鞍佰王咀航夾跋面眺彝卷入磺達(dá)Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesBenefitsofTradeTradecanben71AdamSmithandTradeInhis1776bookAnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations,

AdamSmith

performedadetailedanalysisoftradeandeconomicinterdependence,whicheconomistsstilladheretotoday.擰盛貿(mào)睹遍勤淵子吳節(jié)幟渦胃泊貧驕弦備苫鱉棘鐵礁蘋絢辟承野汞旱貸徐Chap03經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)曼昆課件FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPoliciesHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright?2001byHarcourt,Inc.AdamSmithandTradeInhis17772DavidRicardoandTradeInhis1816bookPrinciplesofPoliticalEconomyandTaxation,

DavidRicardo

developedtheprincipleofcomparativeadvantageasweknowittoday.粱啞卞醞市伙薯費(fèi)屜疽鋒夠黍跋膘搪檻磨蠟