醫(yī)學(xué)科研倫理-(上)課件

ScientificIntegrity

科學(xué)研究的誠(chéng)信劉永堅(jiān)教授，博導(dǎo)南醫(yī)大生理系講座內(nèi)容自我介紹科學(xué)研究科學(xué)家的訓(xùn)練科學(xué)誠(chéng)信國(guó)外院校的研究生培養(yǎng)國(guó)外院校的科研的實(shí)驗(yàn)室人員基本要求國(guó)內(nèi)科研的幾個(gè)誤區(qū)What’sgoingonbehindthisproposal?WhatIsScienceScienceisaprocessweusetogainnewknowledgeabouttheworldaroundus.科學(xué)是獲取有關(guān)我們生活的世界的新知識(shí)的過(guò)程科學(xué)家

DoctorofPhilosophy,Ph.D.哲學(xué)博士必須是帶著求知的欲望，永不放棄的意志及對(duì)世俗的淡定?？茖W(xué)是追求真理的，應(yīng)該是遠(yuǎn)離政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)影響的人間的凈土，俗稱(chēng)象牙塔?？茖W(xué)對(duì)世界有絕對(duì)的指導(dǎo)，導(dǎo)航的作用?？茖W(xué)家應(yīng)該有責(zé)任感，使命感。醫(yī)學(xué)研究的基本分類(lèi)

臨床與基礎(chǔ)研究

技術(shù)性較強(qiáng)和理論性較強(qiáng)的研究

調(diào)查性與機(jī)制性臨床與基礎(chǔ)研究臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究：臨床問(wèn)題，疾病，對(duì)其機(jī)制，治療的研究；基礎(chǔ)研究：對(duì)生命過(guò)程在不同水平的現(xiàn)象的描述，機(jī)制的探討；瘋牛病及諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)：StanleyPruisner-UCSF調(diào)查性與機(jī)制性調(diào)查性是描述性，對(duì)象往往是人群或自然界提供的標(biāo)本，機(jī)制性是根據(jù)需要找到合適的模型，方法；前者需機(jī)制性的研究來(lái)證實(shí)，機(jī)制性常常需調(diào)查研究提供線(xiàn)索；巴金森氏病；巴金森氏病基因及機(jī)制研究；Criticalthinking(criticallyreviewliteratures,reportsandothercommunicatedmaterials);Definequestions(beabletodefinenovel,feasibleandsignificantquestionforstudyingasshorttermprogramorlongtermgoalofone’sscientificcareer);Designexperiments,performexperiments,AnalyzedataandTroubleshooting;Communication(writingandoralpresentation);Teachingandsupervisingstudents,researchassociatesandstaff;Fundraising(grantsmanship,beabletogetgrant,fellowshipandotherfinancialsupportforpursuingyourscientificgoal);SixmostimportantabilitiesforasuccessfulscientistinthebiomedicalfieldDefinitionsofmisconductResearchmisconductisdefinedasfabrication,falsification,orplagiarisminproposing,performing,orreviewingresearch,orinreportingresearchresults,accordingto42CFRPart93. IMPORTANT:ResearchmisconductdoesNOTincludehonesterrorordifferencesofopinion

TheOfficeofResearchIntegrityFabrication:

Definition:MakingupdataorresultsandrecordingorreportingthemAnpossibleexampleoffabrication:Inordertomeetrecruitmentpressureandexpectations,astudycoordinatorcompletedtrialenrollmentformsusingfakednamesandparticipants'information.VermontinvestigatorEricPoehlmanmadeuppatients'datathatneverexistedtosupporthisscientificclaims.ReadaboutPoehlman'scaseintheNewYorkTimesReadJune2012article"Parkinson'sResearcherFabricatedData"inTheScientist EricT.PoehlmancaseGranteeMisconduct:Dr.EricT.Poehlman

Dr.EricT.Poehlman,aformertenuredresearchprofessorattheUniversityofVermont(UVM)CollegeofMedicineinBurlington,Vermont,hasagreedtoacomprehensivecriminal,civil,andadministrativesettlementrelatedtohisscientificmisconductinfalsifyingandfabricatingresearchdatainnumerousfederalgrantapplicationsandinacademicarticlesfrom1992to2002.AnumberoftheseapplicationsweresupportedbyNIHandNIHwascitedasthesponsorwithinmanyoftheresultingpublications. TheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)fundsmeritoriousbiomedicalresearchwiththefullexpectationthatitsfundedresearcherswillmeetthehigheststandardsofresearchintegrity.NIHconsidersthescientificmisconductadmittedbyDr.PoehlmandeplorableandanaffronttotheAmericanpeopleandthevastcommunityofscientistswhoconducttheirresearchinanhonorableandethicalmanner. Dr.Poehlmanhasagreedtoretractorcorrect10scientificarticleswhichheauthored,publishedfrom1992-2002,becauseoffalsifiedorfabricateddata.Theretractionsandcorrectionsareanecessaryandappropriatewaytoinformthescientificcommunityofinformationthatmayinfluencetheirresearch.Manyofthesearticlesappearedinprominent,peer-reviewedmedicaljournalsandhavebeencitedinsubsequentresearchandgrantapplicationsbyDr.Poehlmanandothers.Theworkspannedareasofscienceincludingmetabolismandaging,energyexpendituresduringthemenopausaltransition,andenergybalanceandbodyfatdistribution.Currently,therearenofundedgrantssupportingtheworkofDr.Poehlmanand,underthetermsoftheagreement,hewillnotbeeligibleforfutureNIHfunding.NIH資助有價(jià)值的生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究并期望其資助的研究者遵循科學(xué)誠(chéng)信的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，NIH認(rèn)為Poehlman博士在科研上的不端行為羞辱了全體美國(guó)公民及遵守誠(chéng)信的廣大科研領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家，應(yīng)受譴責(zé)。在聯(lián)邦的基金申請(qǐng)書(shū)中加有造假材料是犯罪，2005年,EricPoehlman因造假被判處

一年牢獄。Falsification:

Definition:Manipulatingresearchmaterials,equipment,orprocesses,orchangingoromittingdataorresultssuchthattheresearchisnotaccuratelyrepresentedintheresearchrecord.Investigatorsmightfalsifyresultsby'splicingandpasting'togetherdifferentsegmentsofwesternblotimagessothatthefinalimagepresentedappearedtohavecomefromasingle