SAPSD模塊面試題精選-中英文對照

SAPSD模塊面試題精選-中英文對照IBASISKNOWLEDGEANDSYSTEMNAVIGATION基礎(chǔ)知識及系統(tǒng)導(dǎo)航1.Nametwowaystostartatransaction.DynamicMenuCommandField.請說出啟動一個事務(wù)的兩種方法。使用動態(tài)菜單選擇使用命令字段輸入事務(wù)碼.Whydoyoucreateuser-specificparameters?TheysupplydefaultstoR/3fields.Ifafieldisindicated,thesystemautomaticallyfillsindefaultvalue.Dependingonthefielddefinition,theentrycanalsobereplacedwithavalueenteredbytheuser.(ConceptofPARAMETERID).為什么要創(chuàng)建用戶指定參數(shù)呢？提供了默認(rèn)的R/3字段信息。如果一個字段標(biāo)示了值，在使用過程中遇到這個字段，系統(tǒng)會自動填充默認(rèn)值?；谧侄味x，該項(xiàng)也可以由用戶輸入替換默認(rèn)值。（基于參數(shù)ID概念）.NamethethreedifferentkindsofmessagesintheR/3system.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthem?Amessagecanhavefivedifferenttypes.Thesemessagetypeshavethefollowingeffectsduringlistprocessing:A(=Abend):a.Thesystemdisplaysamessageofthismessagetypeinadialogwindow.AftertheuserconfirmsthemessageusingENTER,thesystemterminatestheentiretransaction(forexampleSE38).E(=Error)orW(二Warning):Thesystemdisplaysamessageofthismessagetypeinthestatusline.AftertheuserchoosesENTER,thesystemactsasfollows:Whilecreatingthebasiclist,thesystemterminatesthereport.Whilecreatingasecondarylist,thesystemterminatesthecorrespondingprocessingblockandkeepsdisplayingthepreviouslistlevel.I(=Information):a.Thesystemdisplaysamessageofthismessagetypeinadialogwindow.AftertheuserchoosesENTER,thesystemresumesprocessingatthecurrentprogramposition.S(=Success):a.Thesystemdisplaysamessageofthismessagetypeontheoutputscreeninthestatuslineofthecurrentlycreatedlist.請說出三種不同類型的系統(tǒng)消息，并指出區(qū)別。系統(tǒng)提供五種不同類型的消息，這些消息類型在使用中有如下影響.A(=ABEND):系統(tǒng)會在這個類型中顯示一個對話窗口消息，回車確認(rèn)后，將終止整個事務(wù)運(yùn)行(例如SE38)。.E(=Error)orW(二Warning):在狀態(tài)欄顯示一個錯誤消息，回車后執(zhí)行如下：創(chuàng)建的基本清單同時系統(tǒng)終止清單列表。創(chuàng)見一個二級清單列表同時，系統(tǒng)將終止相應(yīng)的處理塊，并顯示前一層次清單。I(=Information):系統(tǒng)顯示一個消息對話窗口，選擇回車后，系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)處理在當(dāng)前位置的程序應(yīng)用。S(=Success):在當(dāng)前清單列表屏幕的狀態(tài)欄顯示一個消息，表示執(zhí)行成功。Whatisadatadictionaryorrepository?Centralcatalogthatcontainsthedescriptionsofanorganization'sdataandprovidesinformationabouttherelationshipsbetweenthedataanditsuseinprogramsandscreens.ThedatadescriptionsinaDataDictionaryisalsocalledmetadata,i.e.,datathatdescribesotherdata.TheABAP/4Dictionarystoressystem-widedatadefinitions.Whenyoucreateanewdatadefinition,theDictionarytooldoesalltheprocessingnecessarytocreatethedefinition.YoucanusetheDictionarytooltolookupthe"definition"ofobjectsinyourR/3System.4.什么是數(shù)據(jù)字典或原數(shù)據(jù)？是一個核心類別目錄，包含了組織數(shù)據(jù)描述信息，提供數(shù)據(jù)和它使用的程序、屏幕之間關(guān)系的相關(guān)信息。在數(shù)據(jù)字典中，數(shù)據(jù)描述也被稱為元數(shù)據(jù)，即描述其他數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)。ABAP字典存儲了全系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)定義。創(chuàng)建一個新數(shù)據(jù)，定義字典工具是必須的。你可以用字典工具查找系統(tǒng)中的對象的定義”。Whatisamatchcode?i.Comparsionkey.Amatchcodeallowsyoutolocatethekeyofaparticulardatabaserecord(e.g.accountnumber)byenteringanyfieldvaluecontainedintherecord.Thesystemthendisplaysalistofrecordsmatchingthespecifications.5.什么是匹配代碼？就是比較鍵。匹配代碼可以讓你定位到一個特定的數(shù)據(jù)記錄的關(guān)鍵字(如憑證號)，輸入字段值，系統(tǒng)根據(jù)匹配的參數(shù)就可顯示相應(yīng)的記錄6.IfyouwantanendusertoseeaspecificmenuafterloggingontheR/3system,howcouldyoudothat?i.Usermaintenancetransactionsallowthesystemadministratortocreateandmaintainusermasterrecords.Thisincludesthegenerationandassignmentofauthorizationsanduthorizationprofiles.讓最終用戶在登錄后看到系統(tǒng)指定菜單，該怎么做？用戶維護(hù)事務(wù)碼（su01）允許系統(tǒng)管理員來創(chuàng)建和維護(hù)用戶的主記錄，包括基本信息、授權(quán)對象和授權(quán)參數(shù)文件的生成和分配等。IICORPORATESTRUCTURE企業(yè)架構(gòu)部分InR/3youcanrepresentacompany'sstructurebydefiningandassigningcorporatestructureelements.Whatisthepurposeofdoingthat?i.Enterpriseorganizationdiagram.Chartshowingtheorganizationalstructureofanenterprise,itsorganizationunitsandhowtheyarerelated.Acombinedstructurecanbecreatedfromthepointofviewofaccounting,MM,SD.Thisstructureformsaframeworkinwhichallbusinesstransactionscanbeprocessed..系統(tǒng)通過結(jié)構(gòu)定義和分配企業(yè)架構(gòu)元素為公司指定架構(gòu)，目的是什么？這是一個企業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)圖（無）。該圖表顯示了組織結(jié)構(gòu)，組織單位以及他們之間的關(guān)系。從會計（FI）、物料（MM）、銷售（SD）的角度看，可以創(chuàng)建一個聯(lián)合架構(gòu)。這種架構(gòu)形成了可以處理所有業(yè)務(wù)交易的整體框架。.Whichthreeorganizationalelementsmakeupasalesareaandbrieflyexplaintheirfunction?Salesorganization:Anorganizationalunitthatsellsanddistributesproducts,negotiatestermsofsale,andisresponsibleforthesetransactions.Distributionchannel:Channelthroughwhichsalablematerialsorservicesreachcustomers.Typicaldistributionchannelsincludewholesale,retailanddirectsales.Youcanassignadistributionchanneltooneormoresalesorganizations.Division:Productgroupscanbedefinedforawide-rangingspectrumofproducts.Foreverydivisionyoucanmakecustomer-specificagreementson,forexample,partialdeliveries,pricingandtermsofpayment.Withinadivisionyoucancarryoutstatisticalanalysesorsetupseparatemarketing.9.銷售范圍包含哪三個元素？簡要說明它們的功能。銷售組織、分銷渠道、部門（產(chǎn)品組）。.銷售組織：是一個組織單位負(fù)責(zé)銷售和分發(fā)產(chǎn)品，協(xié)商銷售條款，負(fù)責(zé)業(yè)務(wù)交易。.分銷渠道：物料或服務(wù)達(dá)到客戶的渠道。典型分銷渠道包括批發(fā)，零售和直銷?？梢灾付ńo一個或多個銷售組織。.部門：產(chǎn)品組可以是一個廣泛產(chǎn)品的定義。例如，對于每一個部門可以跟客戶簽訂具體協(xié)議，比如部分交貨、定價和設(shè)定付款條件。可以進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析或進(jìn)行單獨(dú)營銷。10.Namethethreeinternalorganizationalelementswithinasalesorganizationandbrieflyexplaintheirfunction.SalesOffice.Geographicalaspectsoftheorganizationinbusinessdevelopmentandsalesaredefinedusingthetermsalesoffice.Asalesofficecanbeconsideredasasubsidiary.Salesofficesareassignedtosalesareas.Ifyouenterasalesorderforasalesofficewithinacertainsalesarea,thesalesofficemustbeassignedtothatarea.SalesGroup.Thestaffofasalesofficemaybesubdividedintosalesgroups.Forexample,salesgroupscanbedefinedforindividualdivisions.Salespersons.Individualpersonnelmasterrecordsareusedtomanagedataaboutsalespersons.Youcanassignasalespersontoasalesgroupinthepersonnelmasterrecord.10.銷售組織的三個內(nèi)部組織要素是什么？并簡要說明它們的功能。.銷售辦公室?；诮M織業(yè)務(wù)開展的地理因素，可根據(jù)銷售任期設(shè)定，是一個附屬機(jī)構(gòu)。.銷售辦公室分配給銷售范圍。如果你基于銷售范圍給銷售辦公室創(chuàng)建訂單，分配銷售辦公室給銷售范圍，必須的。.銷售小組。銷售辦公室的員工可分給銷售辦事處。銷售小組可可根據(jù)單個部門定義。.銷售員。員工主記錄用來管理銷售員的數(shù)據(jù)。在員工主數(shù)據(jù)中可分分配給銷售員。11.Whatdoestheterm"businessarea"refertoandhowcanitbeused?BusinessArea.Thesystempostscostsandrevenueaccordingtothebusinessarea.Thebusinessareacanbeequivalenttothe:salesarea(iftheaccountsaretobepostedaccordingtosales)plant/division(iftheaccountsaretobepostedaccordingtoproducts)ThebusinessareaisdefinedinCustomizingforSales.-Businessarea.Aunitinanenterprise,groupingproductandmarketcombinationsashomogeneouslyaspossibleforthepurposeofdevelopingunifiedbusinesspolicy.-FinancialAccounting(FI).Abusinessareaisanorganizationalunitwithinfinancialaccountingwhichrepresentsaseparateareaofoperationsorresponsibilitieswithinanorganization.Financialaccountingtransactionscanbeallocatedtoaspecificbusinessarea..什么是業(yè)務(wù)范圍？怎么用？i.業(yè)務(wù)范圍。系統(tǒng)根據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)范圍過賬成本和收入。業(yè)務(wù)范圍跟下面有關(guān)：ii.銷售范圍（如果賬戶根據(jù)銷售過賬）.工廠陪B門（如果帳戶根據(jù)產(chǎn)品過賬）iv.可在后臺定義。一個企業(yè)組織利用它能均衡的進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品分組和對市場進(jìn)行整合，盡可能統(tǒng)一制定業(yè)務(wù)政策（來自財務(wù)會計FI）o一個業(yè)務(wù)范圍就是一個財務(wù)會計內(nèi)組織機(jī)構(gòu),它代表一個單獨(dú)的業(yè)務(wù)操作或一個組織的職責(zé)。財務(wù)會計交易可以分配到一個指定的業(yè)務(wù)范圍。12.Brieflyexplaintherelationshipbetweensalesorganizationsandcompanycodes.i.ManytoOne..簡要說明銷售組織和公司代碼的關(guān)系。多對一.Whatisthecentralorganizationalelementinpurchasing?i.PurchasingOrganization..采購核心的組織元素是什么？采購組織.Explaintherelationshipbetweensalesorganizationsandplants.i.ManytoMany..解釋一下銷售組織和工廠的關(guān)系多對多.Explaintherelationshipbetweensalesorganizations,plantsandcompanycodes.i.ManytoManytoOne..解釋銷售組織、工廠和公司代碼的關(guān)系多對多對一.Canonebusinessareabeassignedtoseveralcompanycodes?Which（sub）moduleofSAPcouldmakebusinessareasobsolete?i.YesinCO..一個業(yè)務(wù)范圍可以分給多個公司代碼嗎？哪個模塊（子）可以不用業(yè)務(wù)范圍？可以，CO模塊.Whatisacreditcontrolarea?Whatrelationshipexistsbetweencreditcontrolareasandcompanycodes?i.Creditcontrolarea.Organizationalunitinanorganizationthatspecifiesandcheckscreditlimitsforcustomers.Acreditcontrolareacanincludeoneormorecompanycodes.Itisnotpossibletoassignacompanycodetomorethanonecreditcontrolareas.什么是信貸控制范圍？信貸控制范圍和公司代碼是什么關(guān)系？是一個組織單位，他可以指定和檢查客戶的信用額度。信貸控制范圍可以包括一個或多個公司代碼。不可能給一個公司代碼分配多個信貸控制范圍（這句話是不對的,SAP中一個公司代碼可以對應(yīng)多個信貸控制范圍）。Whichorganizationalelementiscentralinshipping?Giveadefinitionofit.ShippingPoint:Organizationalunitatafixedlocationthatcarriesoutshippingactivities.Ashippingpointcould,forexample,beacompany'smaildepartmentoraplant'sraildepot.eachdeliveryisprocessedbyonlyoneshippingpoint.18.哪個組織元素是和運(yùn)輸相關(guān)？給出定義。是裝運(yùn)點(diǎn)，它是一個在固定的位置進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸活動的組織單位。一個裝運(yùn)點(diǎn)可以是一個公司的郵遞部門，或是一個工廠鐵路倉庫。每筆交貨處理只能由一個裝運(yùn)點(diǎn)處理。Giveadefinitionofplant(inSAP).OrganizationalunitwithinLogistics,servingtosubdivideanenterpriseaccordingtoproduction,procurement,maintenance,andmaterialsplanningaspects.Aplantisaplacewhereeithermaterialsareproducedorgoodsandservicesprovided.Classification:BusinessobjectStructure:Aplantcanassumeavarietyofroles:Asamaintenanceplant,itincludesthemaintenanceobjectsthatarespatiallylocatedwithinthisplant.Themaintenancetasksthataretobeperformedarespecifiedwithinamaintenanceplanningplant.Asaretailorwholesalesite,itmakesmerchandiseavailablefordistributionandsale.Asarule,theplantistheorganizationalunitformaterialvaluation.Thepreferredshippingpointforaplantisdefinedasthedefaultshippingpoint,whichdependsontheshippingconditionandtheloadingcondition..Fortheplacementofmaterialsinstorage(stockput-away),astoragelocationisassignedtoaplant.Thestoragelocationdependsonthestorageconditionandthestockplacementsituation..Thebusinessareathatisresponsibleforavaluationareaisdeterminedasafunctionofthedivision.Asarule,avaluationareacorrespondstoaplant.19給出Sap工廠定義一個物流組織單位，根據(jù)生產(chǎn)，采購，維修，物料計劃方面等方面細(xì)分服務(wù)。一個生產(chǎn)物料、商品和提供服務(wù)服的地點(diǎn)。iv.結(jié)構(gòu)：供廠可以承擔(dān)多種角色V.作為一個維護(hù)廠，它包括了工廠里的維護(hù)對象。將要執(zhí)行的維護(hù)任務(wù)在維護(hù)計劃工廠被指定。vi.作為一個零售或批發(fā)地點(diǎn)，它使商品可以分銷和銷售出去。vii.工廠裝運(yùn)點(diǎn)可以作為一個默認(rèn)設(shè)置來定義，裝運(yùn)條件和裝載組加上工廠可以確定一個裝運(yùn)點(diǎn)。viii.存儲位置是存儲物料的地方，可被分配至一個工廠。存儲位置取決于存儲條件和倉庫放置位置。iv.作為一個部門職能，業(yè)務(wù)范圍對評估范圍負(fù)責(zé)。作為一項(xiàng)規(guī)則，評估范圍和工廠對應(yīng)。Canyouassigntwodifferentsalesorganizationtothesamecompanycode?i.Yes.20.可以給2個不同的銷售組織分配同一個公司代碼嗎？可以22.Towhatdoyouassigndistributionchannelsanddivisions?i.SalesOrganizations..把分銷渠道和部門分配給誰？銷售組織.WhatarethehighestorganizationalunitsinSD,MM.PP,FI,CO?i.SD:SalesOrganizations.PP:PlantFI:CompanyCodeCO:ControllingAreaSD.MM.PP.FI.CO模塊最高的組織機(jī)構(gòu)是誰？SD:銷售組織MM:工廠PP:工廠FI:公司代碼CO:成本控制范圍Canyoufurthersubdivideaplant?Ifyesintowhat?Aplantcanbesubdividedintostoragelocations,allowingstocksofmaterialstobebrokendownaccordingtopredefinedcriteria(e.g.,locationandmaterialsplanningaspects).Aplantcanbesubdividedintolocationsandoperationalareas.Subdivisionintolocationstakesgeographicalcriteriaintoaccount,whereassubdivisionintooperationalareasreflectsresponsibilitiesforproduction.24.能進(jìn)一步細(xì)分工廠嗎？如果可以，怎么做？i.可以，一個工廠可分為庫存地點(diǎn)，根據(jù)預(yù)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)調(diào)整物料庫存(例如，位置和物料計劃)。ii.一個工廠可以分為地點(diǎn)和業(yè)務(wù)區(qū)域。細(xì)分地點(diǎn)要考慮的地理?xiàng)l件因素，業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的細(xì)分要承擔(dān)生產(chǎn)責(zé)任。25.Canasalesorganizationsellfromaplantbelongingtoadifferentcompanycode?i.Yes..銷售組織能賣隸屬于不能公司代碼工廠的貨物嗎？可以.Howmanyshippingpointscanyouassigntoaplant?i.Many..一個工廠可以分配多個裝運(yùn)點(diǎn)？可以，一個工廠可以有多裝運(yùn)點(diǎn)。.Howmanyshippingpointscanyouassigntoasalesorganization?i.None..能直接給銷售組織分配多個裝運(yùn)點(diǎn)嗎？不能，一個都不能。.Ifyouhaveawarehousemanagementsystemactive,towhatwouldyouassignthewarehousenumber?i.Plant&StorageLocation.如果啟用了倉庫管理系統(tǒng)，該怎樣分配的倉庫號？工廠和庫存地點(diǎn)IIIMASTERDATA第三部分主數(shù)據(jù)Whydoesthecustomermasterhavedifferentviews?Inadditiontothesalesanddistributiondata,theaccountingdataisalsoimportantforapayer.Thereforeonecancreateacustomermasterrecordcentrallyforthefollowingpartnerfunctions:Forthepayer.Forthesold-topartywho,inadditiontotheotherpartnerfunctions,alsotakesonthefunctionofthepayer.客戶主數(shù)據(jù)除了銷售和分銷數(shù)據(jù)外，會計數(shù)據(jù)對付款方也很重要。因此，我們可以創(chuàng)建客戶主記錄給以下合作伙伴使用：付款方、售達(dá)方，除了其他合作伙伴的功能，還需要體現(xiàn)付款人功能。Whichdifferentpartnerfunctionscanacustomermasterrecordserve?i.Customer:-sold-toparty-ship-toparty-payer-bill-toparty-One-timecustomerincludingallpartnerfunctions..客戶主數(shù)據(jù)能提供哪些不同的合作伙伴功能？售達(dá)方、送達(dá)方、付款方、收票方、包括所有合作伙伴功能的一次性的客戶。.Whatisthestructureofdatainthecustomermasterrecord?Differentdataismaintainedineachofthethreeareas:Generaldata,likeaddressandtelephonenumber,etc.,ismaintainedforeverycustomer.Thisdataisonlyidentifiedbythecustomernumber,notbycompanycodeorsalesarea.Maintainingthedataispossiblefromboththeaccountingviewandthesalesanddistributionview.Companycodedataisonlyofinterestfortheaccountingdepartment.Itincludes,forexample,informationoninsuranceoraccountmanagement.Thisdataappliestoonlyonecompanycode.iv.Salesanddistributiondataisonlyofinterestforthesalesanddistributiondepartment.Itincludes,forexample,dataonpricingorshipping.Thisdataonlyappliestoonesalesarea,andthereforeisdependentonthesalesstructure(salesorganization,distributionchannel,division).i.不同數(shù)據(jù)維護(hù)在在三個視圖中：.一般數(shù)據(jù)，如地址和電話號碼等，需要給每一位客戶維護(hù)。此數(shù)據(jù)僅由客戶編號確定，不被公司代碼或銷售范圍視圖確定。這兩個視圖可以維護(hù)會計和銷售相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)。.公司代碼數(shù)據(jù)和會計部門相關(guān)。它包括保險或會計帳戶管理信息。這個數(shù)據(jù)只適用于公司代碼層面。.銷售范圍視圖，用于銷售及分銷部門。它包括定價、裝運(yùn)等相關(guān)信息。這些數(shù)據(jù)只適用于銷售范圍，依賴于銷售架構(gòu)（銷售組織分銷渠道部門）。33.Wouldyouhavedifferentcustomernumbersifyourcustomerwasservicedbymorethanonecompanycode?i.No..如果客戶用于多個公司代碼，需要建立多個客戶編碼嗎？不需要.AmaterialisproducedinplantBoston,plantDallasandinplantChicago.Howmanydifferentmaterialmasternumberdoyouneed?i.Onlyone.一個物料分別在波士頓、達(dá)拉斯、芝加哥進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)，需要多個物料編碼嗎？一個足夠Isitpossibletohavedifferentdataforthesamecustomerfordifferentsalesareas?i.Yes.35.同一客戶對不同的銷售范圍有不同的數(shù)據(jù)可以嗎?可以Giveexamplesofgeneraldatainthecustomermasterrecord?Address,Controldata,Marketing,Paymenttransactions,Contactperson,Unloadingpoints.36.客戶主數(shù)據(jù)一般數(shù)據(jù)視圖都包括哪些信息?地址，控制數(shù)據(jù)，市場營銷，支付交易，聯(lián)系人，導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)Giveexamplesofcompany-code-specificdatainthecustomermasterrecord?Thisdataisonlyofimportancetotheaccountingdepartment.Itincludes,forexample,dataoninsuranceandaccountmanagement.Companycodedataonlyappliestoonecompanycode.Ifyoueditthecustomermasterrecordyoumustspecifycustomernumberandcompanycodeinordertoaccessthescreenscontainingcompanycodedata.37.客戶主記錄中公司代碼數(shù)據(jù)有哪些？這些數(shù)據(jù)僅對會計部門是重要的。包括保險和帳戶管理數(shù)據(jù)。公司代碼數(shù)據(jù)只適用于一個公司代碼。編輯客戶主數(shù)據(jù)，必須指定的客戶編號和公司代碼，可以定位訪問公司代碼數(shù)據(jù)屏幕Whichplant-specificdatadoyoufindinthematerialmasterrecord?Thislevelcontainsthedataforeachbranchorplantlocationwithinacertaincompany.ThedataimportanttoPurchasingisstoredatthislevel.Examplesofthisdataarethemaximumandminimumorderquantitiesofamaterialandthereorderlevel.Youaccesstheplantdatabyenteringtheplantkey.38.在物料主數(shù)據(jù)中，你會找到哪些是特定工廠數(shù)據(jù)？這個層次包含了每一分支數(shù)據(jù)或工廠庫存數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)對采購是重要的，決定著采購物料訂貨最高和最低量。可以通過輸入工廠碼，訪問工廠數(shù)據(jù)。IfacustomerwishestoreceivegoodsonTuesdaysonly,howcouldyouensurethatintheSAPR/3system?Thiscanbedonebyspecifyinggoodsreceivinghours-Timescheduleofship-topartywhichspecifiesthedaysandtimesthatgoodscanbedelivered..如果客戶只希望在周二收到貨物，該怎么處理？通過指定收貨時間-送達(dá)方時間進(jìn)度表，可以指定交付貨物的天數(shù)和時間。.Doyoufindanysalespricesinthematerialmasterrecord?i.Yes.在物料主數(shù)據(jù)中，你可以發(fā)現(xiàn)銷售價格嗎？是的，可以。Nameatleastfivedifferentpartnerfunctions.ExamplesofpartnerfunctionsinSalesandDistribution:sold-toparty,ship-toparty,bill-toparty,payer.Examplesofpartnerfunctions(roles)inMaterialsManagement:orderingaddress,supplierofgoods,invoicingparty,differentpayee.41.說出至少五中不同的合作伙伴功能i.銷售與分銷中的合作伙伴：售達(dá)方、送達(dá)方、收票方、付款方ii.物料管理合作伙伴功能：訂購地址，商品供應(yīng)商，開票方，不同的收款人WhicharethetwopartnerfunctionsinSDthathavetobemaintainedinFItoo?i.sold-toparty,payer.42.SD中哪兩個合作伙伴功能在FI也必須維護(hù)？售達(dá)方、付款方Canyouassignamaterialtomorethanonedivision?i.No.43.可以將一個物料分配給多個部門嗎？不能44.Ifyouwanttocreatelanguagespecificsalestextsforyourmaterialmaster,wouldyouhavetocreateanewmaterialmasterrecord?i.No..如果你要為物料主數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)建指定語言的銷售文本，必須創(chuàng)建新物料嗎？不用.Whatisamaterialtypeandwhichmaterialtypesdoyouknow?Thematerialtypedefinescertainattributesofthematerialandhasimportantcontrolfunctions.ii.Rawmaterials,semi-finishedproducts,finishedproducts,tradinggoods,operatingsupplies..什么是物料類型？你知道哪些？材料類型定義材料的某些屬性，具有重要的控制功能。原料，半成品，成品，貿(mào)易貨物，經(jīng)營供應(yīng).NamethefourstandardindustrysectorsinSAPforthematerialmaster.Forwhatdoyouusethem?Branchofindustry.Theindustrysectorgroupstogethercompaniesaccordingtotheiractivities(forexample,plantengineeringandconstruction,mechanicalengineering,thechemicalindustry,andthepharmaceuticalindustry）.Table-drivenprogramsupportisprovidedviatheindustrysector:forexample,fortheselectionofdatafieldson-screen,forthesequenceofthescreens,andfortheallocationofamaterialtoamaterialtype.46.找出物料主數(shù)據(jù)四個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)業(yè)務(wù)分類。怎么使用他們？.公司根據(jù)經(jīng)營活動（例如，廠房工程和建筑，機(jī)械工程，化學(xué)工業(yè)和制藥業(yè)）組合在一起。.通過業(yè)務(wù)分類提供有驅(qū)動的程序，例如，選擇屏幕上的數(shù)據(jù)字段，屏幕序列，材料類型材料的分配。Forwhatorwhydoyouusetheclassificationsysteminsales?GiveexamplesofobjectsyoucanclassifyinR/3.Fore.g.,VariantPricingofconfigurableproducts.Objectscanbecustomers,products,conditiontypes.47.為什么在銷售中使用分類？舉個例子。例如配置產(chǎn)品價格變式，對象可以是客戶，產(chǎn)品，條件類型。Doesstorage-locationspecificdatainthematerialmasterrecordapplyforeachplant?Thislevelcontainsthedataspecifictoastoragelocation.Stocklevelsareanexampleofthedatamaintainedforeachstoragelocation.Youaccessthestoragelocationdatabyenteringtheplantandstoragelocationcodes.Thisdatastructurefacilitatestheorganizationofmaterial-relatedinformationwithintheentireenterprise.Itpreventsredundantstorageofmaterialdatawhenthesamematerialisusedinmorethanoneplantorstoredatmorethanonestoragelocation.Example:Supposethesamemetalcastingisstoredattwodifferentlocations.Thedesignandpurchasingdataforthismaterialwouldbeidentical.However,thedataonthestocklevelsateachlocationwoulddiffer.48.物料主數(shù)據(jù)中的庫存地點(diǎn)是否應(yīng)用于每個工廠？.該層次包含指定的庫存地點(diǎn)。庫存層次可在每一個存儲地點(diǎn)維護(hù)。通過輸入工廠和庫存地點(diǎn)代碼訪問數(shù)據(jù)。.這個數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)便于在整個企業(yè)內(nèi)組織物料相關(guān)信息。防止冗余存儲物料數(shù)據(jù)，尤其在同一工廠或多個庫存地址使用同一個物料時候。.假設(shè)相同物料存儲在兩個不同地點(diǎn)，設(shè)計和采購數(shù)據(jù)是相同的。而在每個庫位庫存層次是不同的。Nameatleastfourviewsofthematerialmasterrecord.Accounting:Valuationandcostinginformation.Examples:standardprice,pastandfutureprice,andcurrentvaluation.Materialsplanningandcontrol:Informationformaterialrequirementsplanning(MRP)andconsumption-basedplanning/inventorycontrol.Examples:safetystocklevel,planneddeliverytime,andreorderlevelforamaterial.Purchasing:DataprovidedbyPurchasingforamaterial.Examples:purchasinggroupresponsibleforamaterial,over-andunderdeliverytolerances,andtheorderunit.Engineering:Engineeringanddesigndataonamaterial.Examples:CADdrawings,basicdimensions,anddesignspecifications.Storage:Informationrelatingtothestorage/warehousingofamaterial.Examples:unitofissue,storageconditions,andpackagingdimensions.Forecasting:Informationforpredictingmaterialrequirements.Examples:howthematerialisprocured,forecastingperiod,andpastconsumption/usage.Salesanddistribution:Informationforsalesordersandpricing.Examples:salesprice,minimumorderquantity,andthenameofthesalesdepartmentresponsibleforacertainmaterial.49.給出至少四個物料主數(shù)據(jù)視圖i..會計視圖：評估和成本信息。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)價格，過去和未來的價格，當(dāng)前估價值。ii.物料計劃和控制：物料需求計劃（MRP）的信息和消費(fèi)為基礎(chǔ)的規(guī)劃/庫存控制。例如：安全庫存水平，計劃交付時間，材料和重排水平。.采購視圖：采購物料提供的數(shù)據(jù)。例如：負(fù)責(zé)物料的采購組，超量和不足交貨容差，單位。.工程視圖：物料工程設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)。例：CAD圖紙，基本尺寸和設(shè)計規(guī)范。.存儲視圖：有關(guān)物料儲存/倉儲信息。例如：單位，存儲條件，包裝尺寸。.預(yù)測視圖：預(yù)測物料需求的信息。例如：如何采購材料，預(yù)測期間，過去的消費(fèi)/使用。.銷售及分銷視圖：銷售訂單和定價信息。例如：銷售價格，最小訂單量和負(fù)責(zé)某種物料的銷售部門名稱。50.Whatarethepossibleunitsofmeasureforamaterial?Amaterialcanbestored,transportedandsoldinvariousunitsofmeasure.IntheSAPR/3System,youcanthereforedefinevariousunitsofmeasurewhicharemaintainedinthesalesanddistributionscreens.However,youonlyneedtomaintainthefieldsoftheunitsofmeasureiftheydeviatefromthebaseunitofmeasure.Ifnootherfieldswithunitsofmeasurearemaintained,thesystemautomaticallytakesthebaseunitofmeasureasabasisforitscalculations.Youcanenterthefollowingunitsofmeasureinthesalesanddistributionscreens:Baseunitofmeasure:Stocksofamaterialaremanagedinthebaseunitofmeasure.Allquantitymovementsinotherunitsofmeasureareconvertedautomaticallybythesystemintothebaseunitofmeasure.Alternativeunitofmeasure:Ifaproductismanagedinthebaseunitofmeasure"Piece"butissoldinthesalesunit"Box",youmustdefinetheconversionfactor.Thealternativeunitofmeasurecandefine,forexample,that1boxofthismaterialcontains12pieces.Salesunit:Theunitofmeasureinwhichmaterialsaresoldisreferredtoasasalesunit(forexample,pieceorbottle).Thevalueyoudefineinthematerialmasterrecordisproposedduringbusinesstransactionsrelevantforsales,suchasthesalesorder.Youcanreplacethemwithotheralternativeunitsofmeasureinthesalesorder.DeliveryUnit:Thedeliveryunitreferstotheunitinwhichmaterialscanbedelivered.Onlyexactmultiplesofthedeliveryunitcanbedelivered.Forexample,withadeliveryunitof30bottles,30,60or90bottlescanbedelivered,butnot100bottles.QuantitySpecifications:Twodifferentquantityspecificationsareused:Minimumorderquantity:Theminimumorderquantityreferstotheminimumquantitythecustomermustorder.Awarningmessageappearsiftheminimumorderquantityisnotreachedduringorderentry.Theordercanbeenteredinspiteofthewarningmessage.Minimumdeliveryquantity:Theminimumdeliveryquantityreferstotheminimumquantityyoumustdelivertothecustomer.Theminimumdeliveryquantityisautomaticallycheckedduringdeliveryprocessing.Awarningmessageappearsduringdeliveryprocessingifyouenteradeliveryquantitylowerthantheminimumdeliveryquantity.Thedeliverycanbecreatedinspiteofthiswarningmessage.50.物料可能的計量單位有哪些？.使用不同的計量單位，物料可以被存儲，運(yùn)輸和銷售。在系統(tǒng)的銷售及分銷屏幕，你可以定義各種不同的單位。如果偏離基本計量單位，你只需要維護(hù)計量單位字段。如果沒有其他計量單位維護(hù)，系統(tǒng)會自動指定一個基本計量單位。你銷售和分銷屏幕，你可以輸入下面的計量單位。.基本量單位：物料庫存以基本計量單位管理。所有用其他計量單位進(jìn)行物料移動的數(shù)量，系統(tǒng)會自動轉(zhuǎn)換成基本計量單位。.替代計量單位：單位：一個物料用片”計量，但銷售用篁”，你必須定義轉(zhuǎn)換。比如這種物料1盒為12片。.銷售單位：計量物料的銷售單位被稱為銷售單位（例如，片或瓶）。在交易中，物料主數(shù)據(jù)中定義價值是應(yīng)該的。如銷售訂單您可以用其他替代度量單位。v.交貨單位：是指在物料可交付的單位。交貨單位必須有準(zhǔn)確倍數(shù)數(shù)量。例如，交貨30瓶，，60或90瓶可以交付，但100瓶不能交付。vi.數(shù)量規(guī)格：使用兩種不同數(shù)量的規(guī)格：vii.購最小訂貨量：最小訂貨量是客戶訂單最低數(shù)量。如果訂單輸入過程沒有達(dá)到最低訂貨量，會出現(xiàn)一條警告消息，但仍可繼續(xù)。viii.最小交貨數(shù)量：最小交貨數(shù)量是指你必須提供給客戶的最低數(shù)量。在處理中，最低交貨量將自動檢查。如果你交貨數(shù)量低于最低交貨數(shù)量，會出現(xiàn)警告消息，但可以創(chuàng)建交貨。WhatisaBillofmaterial?Abillofmaterialisacomplete,formallystructuredlistofthecomponentsthatmakeupaproductorassembly.Thelistcontainstheobjectnumberofeachcomponent,togetherwiththequantityandunitofmeasure.ThecomponentsareknownasBOMitems.Abillofmaterialcanonlyrefertoaquantityofatleast1ofanobject.51.什么是物料清單？一。物料清單是一個完整的，正式的組件結(jié)構(gòu)，列表中包含的每一個組件對象號，連同數(shù)量和計量單位，稱為BOM行項(xiàng)目。一個物料清單至少包含一個對象的數(shù)量。IstheBOMusedinthePPmoduleonly?.No.AlsousedinSD.2.BOM只在PP使用嗎?不是，在SD也用Explainwhataroutingis?Routingcontainstheoperationsrequiredinproduction,andtheproductionresources/tools,materialcomponents,andtestequipmentrequiredtoproducetheproduct.53.解釋一下路徑？路徑包含了在生產(chǎn)中所需執(zhí)行的操作，產(chǎn)品資源/工具，物料部件，以及生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品需要的測試設(shè)備。Whatdoestheaccountgroupofthecustomer/vendorcontrol?Acollectionofpropertiesofaccountswhichdeterminethecreationofmasterrecords.Theaccountgroupdeterminesthedatathatisrelevantforthemasterrecordandanumberrangefromwhichnumbersareselectedforthemasterrecords.Eachmasterrecordmustbeassignedtoanaccountgroup.Changestotheaccountgroupandtheaccompanyingpartnerfunctionscanonlybemadefromalowerleveltoahigherlevel.Forexample,thismeansthatasold-topartycannotbeassignedthefunctionofapayerasfieldswhichhavealreadybeenmaintainedforthissold-topartywouldhavetobemasked.However,youcanassignthesold-topartyfunctiontoapayer.Theaccountgroupensuresthatforthedifferentpartnerfunctionsofacustomeronlythenecessaryscreensandfieldsaredisplayedforinput.54.客戶、供應(yīng)商的賬戶組是做什么的？.確定創(chuàng)建主數(shù)據(jù)的帳戶屬性集合。.帳戶組確定有關(guān)主記錄相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)和賬號編碼范圍。.每個主數(shù)據(jù)必須被分配到一個帳戶組。iv.帳戶組和伙伴功能的能從低層次到高層次創(chuàng)建。例如，一個售達(dá)方不能分配給一個維護(hù)了售達(dá)方功能的付款方。然而，你可以指定售達(dá)方功能到付款方。V.賬戶組確保一個客戶不同的合作伙伴對顯示或輸入的屏幕字段。Whatarethetwopossiblewaysofcontrolforthecostofamaterialinthematerialmasterrecord?StandardPrice,MovingAveragePrice.55.在物料主數(shù)據(jù)中，控制物料成本的兩種可能方式是什么？標(biāo)準(zhǔn)價和移動平均價Whatisavaluationclass?AllocationofamaterialtoagroupofG/Laccounts.Alongwithotherfactors,thevaluationclassdeterminestheG/Laccountstobeupdatedasaresultofavaluation-relevanttransaction(forexample,agoodsmovement).Whichvaluationclassesarevaliddependsonthematerialtype.Severalvaluationclassescanbevalidforonematerialtype.Avaluationclasscanbevalidforseveralmaterialtypes.56.什么是評估類型？i.分配物料g/l賬戶組.和其他因素，評估類型可以確定g/l總賬科目。比如移動類型。.哪一個評估類型有效決定于物料類型。幾個評估類型對一個物料類型有效，一個評估類型可以對這多個物料類型。57.AcustomermasterrecordinSDisalsoanA/R(accountsreceivables)inFI.Whenyoucreateacustomermasterrecordyoualsohavetospecifythereconciliationaccount.Forwhatisthereconciliationaccountused?i.AccountinG/Laccounting,towhichautomaticentriesarepostedduringabusinessactivity.Itisgenerallythecasethatseveralsubledgeraccountsposttoacommonreconciliationaccount.Thisensuresthatthedevelopmentsinthesubledgeraccountsareaccuratelyreflectedinthegeneralledger(i.e.inlinewithbalancesheetconventions).Youcansetupareconciliationaccountfor,say,alloverseascustomers.57.SD中客戶主數(shù)據(jù)也有應(yīng)收科目，當(dāng)你創(chuàng)建主數(shù)據(jù)的時候，需要指定統(tǒng)馭科目，它有什么用處呢？G/L的會計帳戶，能夠自動過賬業(yè)務(wù)。一般的情況下，幾個子分類帳過賬到一個通用帳戶。確保準(zhǔn)確地反映總帳(即在資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表公約)在子分類帳帳戶。設(shè)置所有海外客戶統(tǒng)馭科目。58.Brieflydescribethetypesandstructureofthesalesdocumentandgiveexamplesofdatathatyoufindonthedifferentlevels.Sales-relatedbusinesstransactionsarerecordedinthesystemassalesdocuments.Thereare,broadlyspeaking,fourdifferentgroupingsofsalesdocuments:Salesqueries,suchasinquiriesandquotationsSalesordersOutlineagreements,suchascontractsandschedulingagreementsCustomerproblemsandcomplaints,suchasfreeofchargedeliveriesandcreditmemorequests.vi.HeaderDataThegeneraldatathatisvalidfortheentiredocumentisrecordedinthedocumentheader.Thisdataincludesthe:numberofthesold-topartynumberoftheship-topartyandthepayerdocumentcurrencyandexchangeratepricingelementsfortheentiredocumentdeliverydateandshippingpointItemDataWhereasdatainthedocumentheaderappliestoallitemsinthedocument,somedataappliesonlytospecificitems.Thisdataisstoredatitemlevelandincludesthe:materialnumbertargetquantityforoutlineagreementsnumberoftheship-topartyandthepayer(analternativeship-topartyorpayercanbedefinedforaparticularitem)plantandstoragelocationspecificationspricingelementsfortheindividualitemsScheduleLineDataxxi.Anitemconsistsofoneormoreschedulelines.Theschedulelinecontainsallthedatathatisneededforadelivery.Forexample,acustomerorders20piecesofamaterialandyouenterthisasaniteminthesalesorder.However,youcanonlydeliver10piecesnowandtheremaining10piecesnextmonth.Inotherwords,youneedtoscheduletwodeliveries.Thedataforthesedeliveries(dates,confirmedquantities)arestoredintwoseparateschedulelines.Insalesdocumentswheredeliverydataisnotrelevant-forexample:contracts,creditanddebitmemorequests-thesystemdoesnotcreateanyschedulelines.Datarecordedintheschedulelinesincludesthe:schedulelinequantitydeliverydateconfirmedquantity.簡要介紹一下訂單類型和結(jié)構(gòu)，并在不同層次上給出例子銷售相關(guān)的業(yè)務(wù)交易記錄在系統(tǒng)中，作為銷售憑證。從廣義上講，銷售單據(jù)有四個不同的分組,詢價單、報價單銷售訂單框架協(xié)議：合同和計劃協(xié)議（計劃協(xié)議可以作為長期訂單，進(jìn)行交貨，但合同不可以）客戶問題與投訴：免費(fèi)交貨、貸向請求抬頭數(shù)據(jù)：對整個訂單有效的數(shù)據(jù)記錄在抬頭中。售達(dá)方編號送達(dá)方和付款方編號憑證貨幣和匯率整個訂單的價格要素交貨日期和裝運(yùn)點(diǎn)行項(xiàng)目抬頭的數(shù)據(jù)適用整個訂單，有些數(shù)據(jù)只適用于特定項(xiàng)目。此數(shù)據(jù)存儲在項(xiàng)目里，包括：物料編號協(xié)議的目標(biāo)數(shù)量送達(dá)方和付款人工廠和存儲地點(diǎn)行項(xiàng)目的定價元素計劃行數(shù)據(jù)一個項(xiàng)目包含一個或多個計劃行，計劃行包含交付所需數(shù)據(jù)。例如，一個客戶的訂單有20件輸入在訂單中的項(xiàng)目中?？墒牵F(xiàn)在可以提供10件，其余10件下月交付。就是說，你需要安排兩個交付。這些交付（日期，確認(rèn)數(shù)量）的數(shù)據(jù)存儲在兩個獨(dú)立的計劃行上。有些銷售憑證和計劃航數(shù)據(jù)無關(guān)，例如：合同，貸向、借向請求，對于這些系統(tǒng)不會產(chǎn)生計劃行在計劃行行的數(shù)據(jù)包括：安排的數(shù)量交貨日期確認(rèn)數(shù)量.Whatisthedifferencebetweenaninquiryandquotation?Inquiry:Requestmadetoavendorforaquotationforrequiredmaterialsorservices.Noavailabilitycheckisdoneforinquiry.Quotation:Offerfromavendortoapurchasingorganizationregardingthesupplyofmaterialsorperformanceofservicessubjecttopredefinedtermsandconditions.Aquotationconsistsofanumberofitems,inwhichthetotalquantityanddeliverydateofanofferedmaterialorservicearespecified.Thetotalquantitycanbesubdividedintoseveralpartialquantitieswithdifferentdeliverydatesinthelinesofadeliveryschedule..詢價和報價單之間的差異是什么？詢問單：申請所需的物料或服務(wù)的報價供應(yīng)商。詢價沒有可用性檢查。報價單：從供應(yīng)商發(fā)售采購組織供應(yīng)材料或服務(wù)的預(yù)定義的條款及條件的性能。報價單包括一些項(xiàng)目，指定總數(shù)量和交貨日期。總量可分為幾個分?jǐn)?shù)量，根據(jù)不同的交貨日期交付時間表。.Doyoualwayshavetohaveamaterialmasterrecordnumberwhenyouenteranitemonasalesdocument(inquiryandquote)?Ifnotwhatwouldyouhavetousetobeabletoenterinformationatitemlevel?i.No.CustomerMaterialInformationorMaterialDescription..當(dāng)你輸入一個銷售詢價或報價單時，你總是會得到一個物料主數(shù)據(jù)編號嗎？如果沒有，你會在行項(xiàng)目中輸入什么？不會的，客戶物料信息或者物料描述.Ifacustomerdoesn'tplaceanorderwithyouafteryouhavesenthimaquotation,whathappenstothequotationdocument?i.Remainsactivetilltheendofvalidityperiod..當(dāng)你給客戶發(fā)了了個報價單后，他沒有下訂單，報價單會怎樣？仍然有效，直至有效期結(jié)束。.Canyouhavealternativeitemsinasalesorder?i.Yes..在一個訂單中可以有多個不同的項(xiàng)目嗎？可以的.Ifyoureferenceaninquirywhencreatingaquotation,wouldtheinquirybeupdated?i.Yes..如果你創(chuàng)建報價單參照詢價單來,詢價單會更新嗎？會的。.Canyoucopyoneinquirytomanyquotations?i.No..你能復(fù)制一個詢價單到多個報價單嗎？不能。.Canyoucopyseveralpreviousdocumentsintoonesalesorder?i.Yes..你能復(fù)制多個先前的憑證到一個訂單嗎？能。.Doyoualwayshavetocopytheentirequantitiesatitemlevelwhenyoureferenceapreviousdocument?i.No..當(dāng)你參照一個先前的憑證，總是需要復(fù)制所有的數(shù)量嗎？不是的.Canyoumakesurethatbusinessdatainasalesorderisonlypossibletomaintainatheaderlevel?i.Yes.你能確保一個訂單的業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)值能維護(hù)在抬頭層次嗎？是的。.Fromwhereisthedeliveringplanttransferredintothesalesorder?i.CustomerMaster,MaterialMaster.68從哪里，交貨工廠引入了訂單？客戶和物料主數(shù)據(jù)Whichpartnerfunctionisrelevantforthedeliveringplant?Thesold-to-party,bill-to-party,payer,carrierortheship-to-party?i.Ship-toparty..哪個合作伙伴和交貨工廠相關(guān)？售達(dá)方、收票方、付款方、運(yùn)輸者、送達(dá)方？送達(dá)方.Canyoumanuallychangethedeliveringplantinthesalesorderonceitwasdefaultedfromthemasterdata?i.Yes.一但主數(shù)據(jù)確定了交貨工廠，可以手工更改嗎？可以的Forwhatorwhydoyouusetheincompletionlog?i.Tohaveacompletedocumentso