全新大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程3-U8課文翻譯

HumanCloning:AScientist'sStoryIwasextremelyclosewithmymotherallmylife.Shewasabrillianteducator,writerandwonderfulwoman.Sadly,shedevelopedcomplicationsrelatedtodiabetes.Whenshelosthereyesightandmostofherabilitytowalk,itwasabsolutelyhorrifyingforme.Shepassedawayfromafallsevenoreightyearsago.Atherfuneral,IsworethatonedayI'ddosomethingaboutconditionslikehers.我一生與母親無(wú)比親密。她是一位卓越的教育家、作家，是一位了不起的女士。不幸的是，YearspassedandIreadabouttheworktheSouthKoreanshaddonewithstemcells.In2004and2005Hwangfraudulentlyreportedthathehadsucceededincreatinghumanembryonicstemcellsbycloning.20042005黃禹錫謊稱他已通過(guò)克隆技術(shù)成功地培養(yǎng)出人類胚胎干細(xì)胞。Backthenitwasn'tknownitwasafraud,soitwasveryexcitingtothinkthatalonglistofdiseasescouldbetreated.當(dāng)時(shí)人們并不知道那是造假，所以想到一長(zhǎng)串疾病有望得到醫(yī)治，人們興奮不已。IfoundedthestemcellresearchcompanyStemagenwithanothergentlemanwhosefatherhaddiedofALS.Wewentoutfordrinksonenightandwestartedtalkingaboutourparents.Wewantedtodosomethingthatwouldbealegacyforthem.我與另一位先生共同創(chuàng)建了斯塔摩根干細(xì)胞研究公司（脊髓）身后留下的遺產(chǎn)。ForBetterOrWorse?是福是禍？ThemomentwedecidedtostartStemagen,Ireadalltherewastoreadaboutthevariouscloningeffortsinthepast.TheclonedsheepDollyin1997wasveryinteresting,butatthatstagepeoplewerenotfocusingonthestemcellaspectofcloning;theywerefocusingonthereproductivepossibilitiesofcloning.1997層面，而是其無(wú)性繁殖的可能性問(wèn)題。Humanreproductivecloningisjustsimplywrongethicallyfromamedicalstandpointandascientificstandpoint,evenignoringanyreligiousissuesassociatedwithit.Thereasonisthatthemajorityofreproductiveclonesinotherspeciesareactuallyabnormal,withveryhighmiscarriagerates,veryhighstillbirthrates,fetalanomalies,deathsoonafterbirth,etcetera.Itwouldjustbeabsolutelywrongtotakeahumanbeingandputthemthroughwhatmaywellinvolvesignificantsufferingforreallynogoodend.Eventhoughpeoplecouldtakethetechniquesthatwe'vedevelopedandattempttodoit(orperhapsevenbesuccessfuldoingit),wehopethattheywouldnot.那樣做。Ontheotherhand,therapeuticcloningdoesnotinvolveanytypeofrisktohumanlifeandactuallyprovidestremendouspotentialforthereliefofsufferinginrealhumanbeingswhoaregoingthroughsomeawfulthings.的人們提供緩解痛苦的極大的可能性。I'mapurescientistinsomeways,andIknowthatmanydifferentstudiesorfindingscouldbeusedforevil.Ourjobasscientistsistomakethemostofthistechnologyandmakeitavailabletothegreatestnumberofotherscientistswhocanhelpusdogoodthingswithit.There'sreallynoeffectivewayforanindividualscientisttostopsomeoneelsefromusingtheknowledgeforsomethingtheyshouldn't.在某種程度上，我是一個(gè)純粹的科學(xué)家，可我知道種種研究或發(fā)現(xiàn)可能被用來(lái)做邪惡之事。在他們不該用的地方。Weneedtobehonestaboutthetechniquesthatweused.Theyneedtobeabletobereplicatedbyotherpeople,andso,weareprovidingaroadmap.Iwouldhopethatthelegislationthat'sinplaceandthegreatpublicdisapprovalthatwouldresultfromanyattempttocloneahumanwoulddissuadeanyonefromgoingdownthatpath.企圖的人走那條路。Whatisittheysay?Thereisnotechnologythathasn'tbeenusedforsomeevilpurposeatsomepoint.QuitehonestlyIdothinkthatsomeonewillattempthumanreproductivecloning.Idothinkit'sinevitable,andit'svirtuallyimpossibletolegislatethataway.他們是怎么說(shuō)的？他們說(shuō)沒(méi)有一項(xiàng)技術(shù)不曾在某個(gè)時(shí)候?yàn)榱四撤N罪惡目的而被利用過(guò)通過(guò)立法加以阻止。ClaimtoFame出名Iamspokenofasthefirstmanto"clonehimself."Therearedifferenttypesofcloning.Atthecellularlevel,yes,it'strueIamthefirstmantoclonehimself.Wethoughtagreatdealabouthowtodealwiththeissueofwhosecellsweshoulduseandwhetherweshouldlettheworldandthescientificcommunityknowwhothefirstcellularclonewas.Intheendwedecidedthatwewantedtoputahumanfaceoncloning.最終，我們決定要讓克隆體人性化。Ididn'tanticipateitwouldcreatethefirestormofcontroversythatit'screated,butI'mstillgladwewentdownthatpath.Wereceivedthousandsofe -mailsandphonecallsfrompeoplewhoneedhelp.從需要幫助的人們那里收到了成千上萬(wàn)的電子郵件和電話。Ithinkbycomingforwardandputtingafacetoitwemadeitveryreal,andnowpeoplearoundtheworldknowthatcloningishere.Ibelievethatverysoonitwillbeusedtherapeutically,soIthinkourpurposewasserved.克隆來(lái)了。我相信不久克隆技術(shù)將被用于治療疾病，所以我認(rèn)為我們的目的達(dá)到了。PureScience純科學(xué)Whathappensisaninformedandconsentingwomandonatesaneggandweremovehergeneticmaterialfromtheegg.Thenweplaceasingleskincellinsidethategg.料，然后把單個(gè)皮膚細(xì)胞置入這個(gè)卵子。Whatwe'rereallyinterestediniscreatingdisease-specificandperson-specificstemcelllines.Theprocedureoftakingcellsfromapersontakesnomorethanaminuteortwo.Youcantakesomeskincellsfromthearm,forexample,andinonetotwominutes,youcangetthecellsthatyouneedtocarryoutthisprocess.我們真正感興趣的是建立特定疾病及特定個(gè)體的干細(xì)胞系列過(guò)程所需的細(xì)胞。Thisprocessenablesustostudythecausesofspecificdiseases,suchasAlzheimer'sDisease,ALSorParkinson'sDisease,andthenresearchavarietyoftreatmentsforthesediseases.Ifthestemcelllinesarecreatedforanygivenindividualandarelatertransplantedbackintotheindividual,theywillnotberejectedbytheindividual.（脊髓個(gè)體而培育的，然后又被移植回那個(gè)個(gè)體，它們就不會(huì)遭排異。SweetSuccess甜蜜的成功IalwaysthoughtthatwhenourresearchwassuccessfulIwouldjustbepleasedthatwehadaccomplishedthiswhenothershadnot.Inreality,itistranscendent—whenyoulookthroughthemicroscope,youseewhatyoumayhavelookedlikealongtimeago,atleastinpart.WhenIlookeddownandsawthatclonedblastocyst,itbroughttearstomyeyes. Ihadthisformymother,andIrealized,hadsheonlybeenabletoliveafewyearslonger,maybewecouldhaveusedthistechnologytohelpher.Itwasemotionalto seethatpotential,whichsheneverhadachancetoexperience.當(dāng)我低下頭看到克隆出的胚泡時(shí)，不由得淚水盈眶。我是為母親而做這一研究的There'sabigmisconceptionouttherethatwedecidedtodestroytheseembryosfor somereason. Therewassomuchskepticismaboutthisprocessbecauseofthescientificfraudfromthepastthatitwascriticalthattherebenodoubtthattheywereclones.我們出于某種原因決定毀掉這些克隆胚胎人們對(duì)于我們的研究過(guò)程抱有諸多懷疑，所以確保它們確系克隆胚胎是至關(guān)重要的。Intheprocessofanalysis,theembryosweredestroyedbynecessity.Inotherwords,togetthegeneticmaterialfrominsidethecellstoanalyzeit,youhavetodestroythecell.Wewouldhavelovedtohavebeenabletoavoiddestroyingthem.在分析的過(guò)程中，我們必須毀掉那些胚胎。換句話說(shuō)，從細(xì)胞里提取遺傳物質(zhì)進(jìn)行分析，你只得毀壞細(xì)胞。我們多么希望能夠避免毀掉它們啊。Nowwe'reworkingfull-timeoncreatingstemcelllines,andpeoplearewatchingwithgreatinterest.目前我們正夜以繼日地培育干細(xì)胞系列，人們也饒有興趣地關(guān)注著這項(xiàng)工作的進(jìn)展。ThePopeAndThePresident教皇和總統(tǒng)Thereareavarietyofopponentstoourwork.我們的工作遭到各方人士的反對(duì)。WewerecondemnedbytheVaticanandmentionedinanegativelightinPresidentBush'sStateoftheUnionaddress.Inasenseit'san