職稱英語理工B級閱讀考試題及答案

職稱英語理工B級閱讀考試題及答案DriventoDistractionJoeCoyneslidesintothedriver’seat,startsupthecarandheadstotown.Theemptystretchofinterstategiveswaytourbancongestion,andCoynehitsthebrakesasapedestriansuddenlycrossesthestreetinfrontofhim.Butevenifhehadn’tstoppedintime,thewomanwouldhavebeensafe.Sheisn’treal.Neitheristhetown.AndCoyneisn’treallydriving.CoyneisdemonstratingacomputerizeddrivingsimulatorthatishelpingresearchersatOldDominionUniversity(ODU)examinehowin-vehicleguidancesystemsaffectthepersonbehindthewheel.Theresearcherswanttoknowifsuchsystems,whichgiveaudibleorwrittendirections,aretoodistracting—orwhetheranydistractionsareoffsetbythebenefitsdriversgetfromhavinghelpfindingtheirwayinunfamiliarlocations.“We’relookingattheperformanceandmentalworkloadofdrivers,”saidCarylBaldwin,theassistantpsychologyprofessorleadingtheresearch,whichinvolvesmeasuringdrivers’reactiontimeandbrainactivityastheyrespondtoauditoryandvisualcues.Theresearchersjustcompletedastudyofthementalworkloadinvolvedindrivingthroughdifferentkindsofenvironmentsandheavyvs.lighttraffic.Preliminaryresultsshowthataspeople“getintomorechallengingdrivingsituations,theydon’thaveanyextramentalenergytorespondtosomethingelseintheenvironment,”Baldwinsaid.Butthetradeoffscouldbeworthit,shesaid.Thisnextstepistotestdifferentwaysofgivingdriversnavigationalinformationandhowthosemethodschangethedrivers’mentalworkload.“Isitbestiftheyseeapicture…thatshowstheirposition,amapkindofdisplay?”Baldwinsaid.“Isitbestiftheyhearit?”navigationalsystemsnowonthemarketgivepoint-by-pointdirectionsthatfollowaprescribedroute.“They’reveryunforgiving,”Baldwinsaid.“Ifyoumissaturn,theycanalmostseemtogetangry.”Thatstyleofdirectionsalsocanbefrustratingforpeoplewhoprefermoregeneralinstructions.Butsuchbroaddirectionscanconfusedriverswhopreferroutedirections,Baldwinsaid.Perhapsmanufacturersshouldallowdriverstochoosethestyleofdirectionstheywant,ormodifysystemstopresentsomeinformationinawaythatmakessenseforpeoplewhopreferthesurveystyle,shesaid.Interestingly,otherresearchhasshownthatabout60percentofmenpreferthesurveystyle,while60percentwomenprefertheroutestyle,Baldwinsaid.Thisexplainstheclassiclittlethingofwhymendon’tliketostopandaskfordirectionsandwomendo,Baldwinadded.1.Whichstatementistrueofthedescriptioninthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.IfCoynehadstoppedthecarintime,hewouldn’thavehitthewoman.B.Thewomanwouldhavebeenknockedover,ifCoynehadfollowedthetrafficregulations.C.Coyneisnotreallydrivingsoitisimpossibleforhimtohavehitthewoman.D.Ifthewomanhadnotcrossedthestreetsuddenly,Coynewouldnothavehither.2.Whatdoresearcherswanttofindout,accordingtothethirdandfourthparagraphs?A.Whetherornotaudibleorwrittendirectionsaredistracting.B.howlongitwilltakethedrivertorespondtoauditoryandvisualstimuli.C.Howthedriverperformundercertainmetalworkload.D.Alloftheabove.3.Whatarethepreliminaryresultsgiveninthefifthparagraph?A.Driversareafraidofgettingintochallengingdrivingsituations.B.Inchallengingdrivingsituations,driversstillhaveextraenergytohandleotherthings.C.Inchallengingdrivingsituations,driversdonothaveanyadditionalmentalenergytodealwithsomethingelse.D.Drivers’mentalloadremainsunchangedunderdifferentsituations.4.Thesixthparagraphmainlystatethattheresearchers.A.isdesigningavisualnavigationalinformationsystem.B.isdesigninganaudionavigationalinformationsystem.C.isdesigninganaudio-visualnavigationalinformationsystem.D.wanttodeterminethebestwaysofgivingnavigationalinformationsystem.5.Whatkindofdirectionsdomenandwomenprefer?A.Womenprefermoregeneraldirectionsandmenpreferroutedirections.B.Menprefermoregeneraldirectionsandwomenpreferroutedirection.C.Bothmenandwomenprefergeneraldirections.D.Bothmenandwomenpreferroutedirections.答案與解釋:1.C根據(jù)第一段和第二段的內(nèi)容，讀者可以知道，這不是Coyne真實的駕車經(jīng)歷。第二段的第一句是虛擬語氣，意思是即使他沒有及時剎車，那位婦女也是安全的。因此A、B和D都不符合句意。2.D第三段告訴我們，研究者要了解什么樣的駕車指南會使回車者分心。第四段告訴我們，他們要研究駕車者在駕駛中的精神負荷，測試駕車者對聲音和圖像的反應，包括反映時間和大腦活動。所以，D是正確選項。3.C第五段昀后一句提供了答案。4.D根據(jù)本段第一句可以得知答案。5.B文章的昀后四段討論駕車指南的兩種類型：第九段使用的兩個表達是：generalinstructions和routedirections即是第八段中的point-by-pointdirectionsthatfollowaprescribedroute;第十段和第十一段使用的表達是：surveystyle和routestyle。因此，generalinstructions或generaldirections指的是一種傳遞總體信息的駕車指南，point-by-pointdirections和routestyle是一種傳遞具體路線信息的駕車指南。根據(jù)昀后一段的描述，大多數(shù)男士偏向于generaldirections，而女士則偏向于point-by-pointdirections，即routestyle。譯文：分散注意力駕駛JoeCoyne滑進駕駛室，發(fā)動汽車朝城里開去?？帐幨幍哪嵌沃蓦H公路結束了，進入到擁塞的城市。這時，一個行人突然從Coyne的車前穿過，他急忙緊急剎車。但是，就算Coyne來不及剎車，那個婦女也不會有事兒。因為，她是一個假人。整座城市也是假的。Coyne并不是真的在開車。他只是在演示一個計算機操控的駕駛模擬器，幫助OldDominion大學的研究者們檢測車內(nèi)導向系統(tǒng)如何影響開車人。研究者們希望了解駕駛員在陌生環(huán)境里從這一系統(tǒng)提供的那些語音或書面的說明中得到的導路指南等益處是否抵消了這些東西引起的注意力不集中的問題。主持研究的心理學副教授CarylBaldwin說：“我們一直關注著駕駛員的表現(xiàn)和精神負荷”這包括駕駛員在對聽覺和視覺提示做出反應時的'反應時間和大腦活動。研究人員剛剛完成了一項關于在不同環(huán)境中，如交通暢通或交通擁擠時駕駛員精神負荷的調(diào)查。Baldwin說，初步的調(diào)查結果顯示人們“在更富有挑戰(zhàn)性的環(huán)境中駕駛時，并不會對周圍環(huán)境的變化做出更大的反應。”她說，兩種提示的交替使用還是有效的。下一步，他們將測試為駕駛員提供導向信息的不同方法以及這些方法如何改變駕駛員的精神負荷。Baldwin說：“是給駕駛員看類似地圖那樣的顯示圖片好，還是讓他們聽到指示信息好呢?”現(xiàn)在市場上的導向系統(tǒng)會給出點對點的方向信