船用金屬腳手架培訓(xùn)課程-3課件

MARINEMETALSCAFFOLDINGCOURSEFORSCAFFOLDERSDAY3第三天3.1SAFETYRULESTOBEOBSERVEDINTHEERECTINGANDDISMANTLINGOFSCAFFOLDS搭建和拆除腳手架時(shí)必須遵守的安全規(guī)則

Warningsignboardtobeprominentlydisplayed.

必須有明顯的警示牌B.Ensurefirmgroundcondition(e.gshouldnoterectongroundaffectedbytidalchanges).

保證地面堅(jiān)固（不能搭建在受潮汐影響的地面上）C.Standardplumbandwellsupported.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的鉛垂和好的支撐D.Standardspacingnotmorethan2.5M.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間隔不超過(guò)2.5ME.Foottie-correctlyfittedandsecured.

底部橫撐正確安裝并且加固F.Ledgersandtransomstobefittedhorizontallyandconnectedtostandardwithrightanglecoupler.

橫木和橫梁必須用直角連接件水平連接在支柱上。3.1SAFETYRULESTOBEOBSERVEDINTHEERECTINGANDDISMANTLINGOFSCAFFOLDS搭建和拆除腳手架時(shí)必須遵守的安全規(guī)則F.Longitudinalandtransversebracingtobeconnectedtostandardwithswivelcouplers.縱向和橫向支撐應(yīng)該用旋轉(zhuǎn)連接件連接在支柱上。G.Tiebacktobefittedaccordingtothedrawing.橫梁應(yīng)按照?qǐng)D紙安裝。H.Eachboardshouldhaveatleastthreesupportsunlessitsthicknessorspaninenoughtopreventanysaggingunderload.除非木板跨距和厚度足夠，否則為避免木板載重時(shí)松垂每個(gè)木板至少有3個(gè)支撐。Theboardshouldoverhangbybetween50mm–150mm.

木板應(yīng)該懸于50mm-150mm之間。J.Whereboardsneedtobutt,putlogmustbedoubledandspacedsothatnoboardoverhangsbymorethan150mm.

如果板需要對(duì)接時(shí)，橫木必須為雙層的且150mm以上沒(méi)有板懸掛。-工作平臺(tái)-立柱-腳手架板-趾板-對(duì)接-橫梁-橫木-橫木和900連接件-伸出物厚板不超過(guò)板厚4倍或是低于50mmScaffoldshouldbeplumbedaswellasspeedlevel.腳手架必須是垂直的9003.2CAUSESANDPREVENTIONOFMARINESCAFFOLDACCEDENTS腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防

Commonaccidents

常見(jiàn)事故Falldownfromheight

從高處落下

b.Hitbyfallingobjects

被落下的物體擊中

c.Physicalinjuriesduringmaterialhandlingeg.Handorleginjuries

處理材料時(shí)的傷害。如手或腿受傷。Don’trideonmobilescaffold–pushonlyfromgroundlevel不要騎在可移動(dòng)的腳手架上3.2CAUSESANDPREVENTIONOFMARINESCAFFOLDACCEDENTS腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防B.Causes……cont’d

原因（反面）f.Timberboardnotproperlysecured.木板不牢固g.Couplersnotproperlytighten.連接件沒(méi)擰緊h.Unsafeacts.不安全行為i.Negligence疏忽行為j.Trippinghazardsonworkingplatform.工作平臺(tái)上絆倒Don’tintroducebendingstressestoscaffoldmembers.禁止給腳手架材料應(yīng)用彎曲應(yīng)力.3.2CAUSESANDPREVENTIONOFMARINESCAFFOLDACCEDENTS腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防C.Prevention……cont’d

預(yù)防（反面）g.Couplersproperlytightened.連接件擰緊h.Timberboardproperlysecured.木板固定牢固i.Adequatetie-backandbracing.適當(dāng)?shù)臋M梁和支撐j.Notrippinghazardsonthejoiningoftimberboard.木板連接處沒(méi)有絆倒的危險(xiǎn)k.Goodcommunication.良好的溝通3.2CAUSESANDPREVENTIONOFMARINESCAFFOLDACCEDENTS腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防C.Prevention……cont’d

預(yù)防（反面）l.Knotsmustnotcausetrippinghazards.連接的地方不能引起絆倒m.Nounguardedopening.沒(méi)有保護(hù)的開(kāi)孔n.Physicallyfit.身體健康o.Donotstandundersuspendedloads.不要站在懸空的負(fù)載下面p.Cutortrimsecuringpre-heatedwires.切除預(yù)加熱線3.3CAUSEOFTHECOLLAPSEOFASCAFFOLD腳手架倒塌的原因

Substandardmaterials.

不合格的材料B.Unskillederector.

不熟練的腳手架工C.Weakfoundation.

不牢固的底座D.Scaffolddamagedbyuser.

腳手架被使用者損壞E.Insufficienttiebackorbracing.

沒(méi)有充足的橫梁和支撐F.Unauthorisedremovalofscaffoldcomponentsuchasguardrail,bracing,tieback,ledger,etc.

未經(jīng)允許去除腳手架材料，例如護(hù)欄、支撐、橫梁、橫木3.3CAUSEOFTHECOLLAPSEOFASCAFFOLD腳手架倒塌的原因G.Unauthorisedmodificationofscaffoldstructure.未經(jīng)允許對(duì)腳手架進(jìn)行修改結(jié)構(gòu)H.Standardnotvertical/plumb.支柱不是垂直的。Failedtocomplystandardguideline.

沒(méi)有遵守標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定。J.Lackofco-ordinationduringtheprocessofgascutting–resultingthefallingofcutoffmateriallandingonscaffold.

氣割過(guò)程中缺少協(xié)調(diào)-以至于從切割處落下K.Don’tmixdifferentsysteminthesamescaffold.

同一個(gè)腳手架不同系統(tǒng)不要混淆。3.4REQUIREMENTOFSOUNDMETALSCAFFOLDS可靠金屬腳手架的要求

Usesoundmaterials.

使用可靠的材料B.Scaffolderectedbycompetenterector.

由合格的腳手架工進(jìn)行搭建C.Firmbase.

牢固的基礎(chǔ)D.Standardproperlyspaced(max2.5m)&plumb.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的間距（最大2.5m）和垂直測(cè)量E.Ledger,transomandputlogproperlyspacedandsecured.

橫木、橫梁間隔合適且牢固。3.4REQUIREMENTOFSOUNDMETALSCAFFOLDS可靠金屬腳手架的要求L.Regularinspection定期檢查。M.Properlymaintenance.適當(dāng)保養(yǎng)N.Scaffolderectedasperdrawing.根據(jù)圖紙搭建腳手架O.Ladderproperlyfixed.梯子固定牢靠P.Nounguardedopening.沒(méi)有未防護(hù)的開(kāi)孔Q.Usesuitablecouplers.使用相配的連接件Placescaffoldstandardsorframessystematicallyonsoleplates.腳手架支柱或結(jié)構(gòu)放在底板上.3.5STATUTORYREQUIREMENTSOFSOUNDMARINEMETALSCAFFOLDING可靠金屬腳手架的法定要求F.Openingonlyforaccess.只有維修開(kāi)孔G.Stairsorladders.樓梯或梯子H.Scaffoldsnottobeoverloaded.腳手架不能過(guò)載i.Standards,ledgersandputlogs.支柱、橫木J.Workingplatforms.工作平臺(tái)K.Boards,planksanddecking.木板、支架和蓋板3.5STATUTORYREQUIREMENTSOFSOUNDMARINEMETALSCAFFOLDING可靠金屬腳手架的法定要求L.Guardrailsandtoeboards.護(hù)欄和腳踏板M.Ties.綁帶N.Bracing.支撐O.Transoms.橫木P.Spigots,jointpinsetc.套管、接頭銷Q.Foundationsofscaffolds.腳手架基礎(chǔ)R.Preventionofsway.防止搖擺BACKGROUND背景

Anoiltankerwasdockedintheshipyardforaconversionproject.

一艘油輪在船廠進(jìn)塢進(jìn)行改裝工程

Worktobecarriedoutincludedtheblastingandcoatingofthetanks.

工作包括艙內(nèi)打砂和油漆

Hangingscaffoldsweretobeerectedtofacilitatetheblastingandcoatingworkontheunderdeckofthevessel.

搭建懸掛式腳手架以便于甲板下的打砂油漆

AScaffoldingSupervisorfelltohisdeathduringtheerectionofthehangingscaffoldsinsidethevessel’stank.

一名腳手架主管在搭建過(guò)程中摔落致死DESCRIPTIONOFACCIDENT事故描述

AScaffoldSupervisorwaserectingahangingscaffoldinsidetheportcargooiltankofthevesseltogetherwithtwootherScaffoldErectors.

一個(gè)腳手架主管與兩名腳手架工在左舷貨油艙內(nèi)搭建懸掛式腳手架。

TheScaffoldSupervisorpositionedhimselfonatriangularbracketofthe3rdsidelongitudinalframetoerectthesupportingframesoftheHangingscaffold.

腳手架主管在3層的三角支架上豎起一個(gè)支撐結(jié)構(gòu)。

TheScaffoldSupervisorcoupleda6meterspipe(transomofthehangingstaging)anda3metrespipe(ledgerofthehangingstaging)withamealcoupler.腳手架主管用一個(gè)混合連接件連接一個(gè)6米的管（懸掛腳手架的橫梁）和一根3米的管（腳手架上的橫木）。DESCRIPTIONOFACCIDENT(CON’T)事故描述（反面）

HelookeddownandthensawtheScaffoldSupervisorlyingonthe4thlongitudinalframeatthetankbottom.

他向下看看到腳手架主管躺在艙底4層縱向結(jié)構(gòu)上。

TheScaffoldSupervisorhadfallenabout25meterstothebottomofthetank.Hediedfrommultipleinjuriessustainedfromthefall.

腳手架主管落到艙底大約25米。他死于創(chuàng)傷過(guò)多。

A9meterswireropewaspassedtotheScaffoldSupervisorbeoneoftheEcaffold

Srectorsforhimtotieittothepipeswithaclovehitchknot.

通過(guò)腳手架主管的一根9米的繩子是由其中一名腳手架工幫他用一個(gè)丁香結(jié)綁在管子上的。

AftertheScaffoldErectorhadplacedthe9meterswireropethroughascallopopeningattheunder-deckofthetank,helookedtowardswheretheScaffoldSupervisorwasworkingandfoundhimmissing.

腳手架工將繩子通過(guò)艙內(nèi)甲板下的過(guò)焊孔后，他看見(jiàn)腳手架主管正在工作而且發(fā)現(xiàn)他的失手。6m管(橫梁)連接兩管的金屬連接件3m管(橫木)這里是丁香結(jié),用9m繩子綁的死亡地點(diǎn),艙底4層縱向結(jié)構(gòu)9m繩就是綁在這根管子上.-落下25m至艙底后,死者落地時(shí)的管子的位置,在第4隔間管子末端置于通向第三間隔開(kāi)孔下方的扁鋼條上OBSERVATIONS&FINDINGS觀察和發(fā)現(xiàn)

Thedeceasedwaswearinghissafetybelt.

死者佩戴了安全帶。

Eventhoughthedeceasedwaswearinghissafetybelt,therewasnolifelineorotherformsofsecuredanchorageprovidedforhimtoanchorhissafetybelt.

即使死者佩戴了安全帶，但沒(méi)有安全索或是其他的可以讓他的安全帶固定的地方。

AccordingtohisfellowScaffoldErectors,itwasthedeceased’sdutytoensurethatlifelineswereprovidedbeforeworkcommenced.

通過(guò)他手下的腳手架工，死者在開(kāi)始施工作前應(yīng)該保證有安全索。

Theclovehitchknottiedonthepipewasfoundtobeincomplete.

綁在管子上的丁香結(jié)并沒(méi)有綁好。CAUSEOFACCIDENT事故原因

Theincompleteclovehitchknottiedonthepipesindicatesthatthevictimhadprobablyfallenwhilehewastyingtheclovehitchknotonthepipes.

未綁好的丁香結(jié)表明死者在懸空時(shí)有可能跌落。

Nolifelinewasprovidedforthevictimtoanchorhissafetybelt,therewasnoprotectiontopreventthisfatalfall.

沒(méi)有安全索以供死者鉤掛他的安全帶，且跌落前沒(méi)有預(yù)防措施。LESSONSLEARNT教訓(xùn)

ScaffoldSupervisorsandErectorsshouldbeeducatedandconstantlyremindedonthehazardsinvolvedandsafeworkpracticestofollowwhenworkingatheight.

腳手架主管和腳手架工在高空作業(yè)時(shí)應(yīng)該接受教育并不斷提醒安全規(guī)則。

Sufficientandsecuredanchorageforanchoringofdoublelanyardandshockabsorber,bymeansoflifelineorotherwise,mustbeprovidedbeforetheerectionordismantlingofhangingscaffolds.

足夠的和牢固的鉤掛設(shè)施及減震器，通過(guò)安全索或其他方法實(shí)現(xiàn)；且必須在搭建/拆除懸掛式腳手架前提供。

ScaffoldSupervisorsmustberemindedtocarryouttheirdutiesdiligentlyandavoidat-riskbehaviour.

腳手架主管在履行他的責(zé)任必須得到提醒以避免危險(xiǎn)行為。CaseStudyNo.2案例分析2Category類別:Fallingfromheight

從高處落下Job工作Task任務(wù):ErectingofTowerScaffoldsInsideTank

艙內(nèi)塔式腳手架的搭建:ErectingScaffold

搭建腳手架BACKGROUND背景

Anoiltankerwasschedulesforaconversionprojectintheshipyard.

一艘油輪計(jì)劃在船廠內(nèi)進(jìn)行改裝。

Theconversionprojectinvolvedmodificationworkonanexistingextendedspindleatthetank.

改裝項(xiàng)目包括對(duì)艙內(nèi)現(xiàn)有的延伸軸進(jìn)行修改。

AScaffoldErectorfelltohisdeathwhileerectinghetowerscaffoldfromthetankbottom.

一個(gè)腳手架工在搭建腳手架時(shí)摔到艙底致死。DESCRIPTIONOFACCIDENT事故描述

Theextendedspindle,whichwasabout23metersinlength,ranverticallyalongthebulkheadofthetankfromthetankbottomtothemaindeck.

延伸軸，大約23米長(zhǎng)，順著艙壁方向由艙底伸向主甲板。

AgroupofScaffoldErectorswasinstructedtoerectatowerscaffoldatthetanktofacilitatethemodificationworkonthespindle.

一組腳手架工被要求搭建一個(gè)塔式腳手架以便于進(jìn)行修改工作。

TwoScaffoldErectorswerestationedatthebutterworthopeningonthemaindecktolowerscaffoldmaterialsusingalongfibrerope.

兩個(gè)腳手架工在主甲板的臨時(shí)開(kāi)孔處用一根長(zhǎng)的纖維繩將腳手架材料放下。

AnotherthreeScaffoldErectorswerestationedatthebottomofthetanktoreceivethematerialsbeingloweredtothemfortheerectionofscaffolds,aswellastoerectthetowerscaffoldsinthetank.

另外3個(gè)腳手架工在艙底接著搭建腳手架需要的材料，同時(shí)在艙內(nèi)進(jìn)行搭建腳手架。DESCRIPTIONOFACCIDENT(CON’T)事故描述（反面）

Afterthefirstliftlevelofthescaffoldhadbeenerected,ScaffoldErectorAsignaledtotheScaffoldErectorBwhowasstationedonthemaindecktohoistdowna4metersteelladder.

當(dāng)?shù)谝粚哟钇饋?lái)時(shí)，腳手架工A通知主甲板上的腳手架工B放下一個(gè)4米的鋼制梯子。

ScaffoldErectorAthenstraddledaverticalstandardtoreceivetheladderfromScaffoldErectorB.

腳手架工A跨坐在一個(gè)垂直的支柱上來(lái)接腳手架工B放下的梯子。

WhentheScaffoldErectorAextendedhishandtoreceivethesteelladder,helosthisbalanceandfellintothebottomofthetank.

當(dāng)腳手架工A伸出手接梯子的時(shí)候，他失去平衡掉到艙底部。

ScaffoldErectorAsufferedaseverecutonhisleftshoulderwhenhefell3metersintothetankbottom.

腳手架工A掉下3米到艙底時(shí)他的左邊肩膀受傷。

ScaffoldErectorAeventuallysuccumbedtohisinjuriesduetoacute

haemorrhageofthetornrightbrachialartery.

腳手架工最終由于肩部大出血致死。Viewoftheerectedtowerscaffold.Thescaffoldwasonlyerectedtothefirst-liftlevel.-塔式腳手架圖,這個(gè)腳手架只搭建了一層-死者最后站在這里去夠梯子.-延伸軸Thedeceasedfellfromthescaffoldandlandedontothetankbottom.死者從腳手架上掉下,摔到艙底OBSERVATIONS&FINDINGS觀察和發(fā)現(xiàn)

Therewasnotaglineattachedtothesteelladder.Ataglinewouldhavemadeiteasierforthevictimtoreceivethesteelladder.

鋼制梯子上沒(méi)有附繩子。一根繩子就會(huì)讓死者很容易接到梯子。

Thevictimhadputonasafetybeltbutitwasnotanchoredastherewasnolifelineorsecuredanchoragepoint.Asthescaffoldwaserectedtofirstlift,itshouldnotbeconsideredasasecuredstructureforScaffoldErectorstoanchortheirsafetybelts.

死者戴上了安全帶但是該處沒(méi)有固定安全帶的地方。由于腳手架只搭建了第一層，并沒(méi)