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四級語法練習(xí)題(附答案詳四級語法練習(xí)題(附答案詳四級語法練習(xí)題(附答案詳四級語法練習(xí)題(附答案詳編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址:電話:傳真:郵編:thanMaryis_______thanAlice. (1992)A.moreexperiencedateacher

B.amoreexperiencedteacherC.moreanexperiencedteacher

D.moreexperiencedteacher anexperiencedteacher,比較級加在形容詞前,因此B。_______thetwo,Bobis________student. (1995)A.Of,morediligent B.In,morediligent C.Of,themorediligent D.In,themorediligentthe+比較級+ofthetwo,因此C。WesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthan_______EasternNebraska. (1996)A.in

B.itreceivesin

C.does

D.itdoesin完整形式應(yīng)該是:thanEasternNebraskareceivessnow,省去了部分謂語,保留了主語和助動詞,可以倒裝,因此C。Theindoorswimmingpoolseemstobeagreatmoreluxuriousthan_______. (1998)A.isnecessary

B.beingnecessary

C.tobenecessary

D.itisnecessary這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)由than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句,既然是從句那么可以排除BC;than引導(dǎo)的從句中省略了的主語應(yīng)該是theindoorswimmingpool,為避免重復(fù),一般省略,不需要用it來指代。A。Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofmountainclimbingthan______inthepublicmindtoday. (1999)A.exists

B.exist

C.existing

D.toexist省略了的主語是anxiety,因此謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù):ATheexperimentrequiresmoremoneythan_______. (2002)A.havebeenputin

B.beingputin

C.hasbeenputin

D.tobeputinthan引導(dǎo)的從句中省略了的主語應(yīng)該是money,因此謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),C。Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofafully-loadedtruck,_______tothetruck. A.thegreaterstressis

B.greateristhestressC.thestressisgreater

D.thegreaterthestress“地表和載滿貨物卡車的接觸面越小,卡車對地面的壓強(qiáng)就越大?!盇。asSomedietersfindthataftertheirdietingisover,theyatetwice_______theydidbeforetheirdiet. A.morethan

B.asmanyas

C.muchthan

D.asmuchasD,“飯量是以前的兩倍”。A是指“三倍”,不合常理。Languagebelongstoeachmemberofthesociety,tothecleaner___totheprofessor.(1998)A.asfaras

B.thesameas

C.asmuchas

D.aslongasC,asmuchas“達(dá)到與……一樣的程度”,完整的后半個(gè)句子應(yīng)是:languagebelongstothecleanerasmuchasitbelongtotheprofessor“語言屬于社會的每個(gè)成員,既屬于清潔工,也屬于教授”;asfaras“一直到某個(gè)程度”;thesameas“與……一樣”;表示“清潔工和教授是一樣的”,意思不妥;aslongas“只要”。Shedidherwork______hermanagerhadinstructed. (2002)A.as

B.until

C.when

D.thoughas可表示方式,意思是“按照,如同”;“她依照經(jīng)理的指示辦事?!盇。Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn’tbotheredbyhisloudness______byhislackoftalent. A.somuchas

B.ratherthan

C.as

D.thanA考點(diǎn)是not…somuchas句型,表示“與其說是,倒不如說是”、“更多的是,而不是”?!昂翢o疑問,那個(gè)喇叭手的號聲吵死了,但與其說我煩他的聲音大,倒不如說煩他沒吹號的天分。”Hisremarkswere________annoyeverybodyatthemeeting. (2005)A.soasto B.suchasto C.suchto D.asmuchastosuchas為固定搭配,意為“到如此程度以致”,又如:Hisillnessisnotsuchastocauseanxiety.他的病還沒有嚴(yán)重到令人擔(dān)心的地步。AistoBwhatCistoDTwelveistothree_______fouristoone. (1998)A.what

B.as

C.that

D.like水對魚的關(guān)系就像空氣對人的關(guān)系一樣:Wateristofishwhatairistoman.Intellectistothemind______sightistothebody. (2001)A.what

B.as

C.that

D.like智力對于思想,猶如視力對于身體一樣。not+比較級+than, no+比較級+thanJohnis_______hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam. (1998)A.noless

B.nomore

C.notless

D.nosoA,“約翰的用功絕不亞于他姐姐,可是這次考試他卻沒及格?!眓otlessthan只是比較約翰和他姐姐,沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)約翰非常用功。Fatcannotchangeintomuscle_______musclechangesintofat. (1999)A.anymorethan

B.nomorethan

C.nolessthan

D.muchmorethanA,“脂肪不能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧∪猓拖窦∪獠荒苻D(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹疽粯?。”not…anymorethan意思是“和…同樣都不…”。as/though/muchasDavidSinger,myfriend’sfather,______raisedandeducatedinNewYork,livedandlecturedinAfricamostofhislife. (1993)A.who

B.if

C.while

D.thoughD,表示轉(zhuǎn)折。答案Cwhile只是表示同時(shí)并列的轉(zhuǎn)折。如:WhileIunderstandyourviews,Ican’tagreewithyou.______heneededmoneyforanewcar,hedecidednottoborrowitfromthebank. (1998)A.Muchas

B.Muchthough C.Asmuch

D.ThoughmuchA,muchas可看作是固定詞組,作連詞,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示“盡管,雖然”。如MuchasIshouldliketoseeyou,Iamafraidyoucouldnotcome.Fool_____Janeis,shecouldnothavedonesuchathing. (2002)A.who

B.as

C.that

D.likeB,有倒裝,a./n.+as+主語+助動詞be,如:Patientasheis,hecan’tbearitanylonger.______Ilikeeconomics,Ilikesociologymuchbetter. (2003)A.Asmuchas

B.Somuch

C.Howmuch

D.MuchasD,同18題。______,Mr.Wellsisscarcelyinsympathywiththeworkingclass. (2005)A.AlthoughheisasocialistB.EvenifheisasocialistC.BeingasocialistD.Sinceheisasocialist雖然韋爾斯先生是一個(gè)社會主義者,但他對工人階級卻沒有什么同情心。表轉(zhuǎn)折含義的只有A項(xiàng)。定 語 從 句Abovethetreesarethehills,________magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface. A.where

B.ofwhose

C.whose

D.whichC,關(guān)系代詞在從句中做定語?!皹涞纳厦媸巧剑牡褂爸覍?shí)地映照在河面上。”O(jiān)nlytakesuchclothes_______reallynecessary. (1994)A.aswere

B.astheyare

C.astheywere

D.asareD,as引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞是clothes,as在從句中作主語,所以BC不對,因?yàn)閠hey是多余的;A的時(shí)態(tài)與主句不搭配。______isoftenthecasewithanewidea,muchpreliminaryactivityandoptimisticdiscussionproducednoconcreteproposals. (1994)A.That

B.It

C.This

D.AsD,as作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,表達(dá)整個(gè)主句的意思?!罢缫环N新的觀念產(chǎn)生時(shí)一樣,人們總是做許多準(zhǔn)備活動和積極的討論,卻拿不出具體的建議?!盩hiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy_____payrisesarerelatedtoperformanceatwork. (1996)A.which

B.where

C.whether

D.whatB,“公司現(xiàn)在提出了一項(xiàng)新政策,依照新政策,工資增長與工作業(yè)績掛鉤?!盩hePhysicisthasmadeadiscovery,_______ofgreatimportancetotheprogressofscienceandtechnology. (1997)A.Ithinkwhichis

B.thatIthinkis

C.whichIthinkis

D.whichIthinkitisC,Ithink是插入語,which在從句中就是主語,D中it是多余的。IhaveneverbeentoLondon,butthatisthecity______. (1997)A.whereIliketovisitmost

B.I’dmostliketovisitC.whichIliketovisitmostly

D.whereI’dlikemosttovisitB,首先排除A,因?yàn)閠hecity在從句中作賓語,不能用where引導(dǎo);C中mostly表示“通常,大部分”,意思不通順;表示“最想”,用mostlike,不是likemost,most是much的最高級,much一般不修飾不定式,多用于修飾分詞。Hewasmuchpleased.Sherememberedseveraloccasionsinthepast___shehadexperiencedasimilarfeeling.(98)A.which

B.before

C.that

D.whenD,從句有自己的主語和賓語,因此不選AC,when引導(dǎo)定語從句在句中作時(shí)間狀語。B項(xiàng)不合語法,因?yàn)橹骶涞臅r(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí),從句卻是過去完成時(shí)。I’veneverbeentoLhasa,butthat’sthecity______. (1999)A.I’dmostliketovisit

B.whichIliketovisitmostlyC.whereIliketovisit

D.I’dlikemuchtovisitA,同27。Firmsthatusecomputershavefoundthatthenumberofstaff______isneededforqualitycontrolcanbesubstantiallyreduced. (2000)A.whose

B.as

C.what

D.thatD,that在從句中作主語。使用電腦操作的工廠已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)可以大大減少質(zhì)檢員工的數(shù)量。We’vejustinstalledtwoair-conditionersinourapartment,______shouldmakegreatdifferencesinourlifenextsummer. (2002)A.which

B.what

C.that

D.theyA,指代前面的整個(gè)句子。Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandcompletedtheprojecttwomonthsaheadoftime,______issomethingwehadnotexpected. (2003)A.which

B.it

C.that

D.whatA,同上?!八麄兛朔磺欣щy,提前兩個(gè)月完成了工程,這是我們沒有料到的事。”名 詞 性 從 句Wecanassignthetaskto______iscapableandtrustworthy. (1994)A.whomever

B.who

C.whom

D.whoeverD,介詞to后面是個(gè)賓語從句,從句缺主語;whom和whomever雖然可以接賓語從句,但它們不能在從句中作主語,AC不對;whoever語義比who強(qiáng)烈,更貼切。Theteamcanhandlewhatever_____. (1997)A.thatneedshandling B.whichneedshandling C.itneedshandling D.needstobehandledD,whatever引導(dǎo)的分句作handle的賓語,又在從句中作主語,因此不需要再加任何其他主語,ABC都有多余的主語成分。After__seemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.(99)A.that

B.there

C.what

D.itC,after在句中時(shí)介詞還是連詞如果是連詞,從句中的時(shí)態(tài)通常為完成體,所以排除連詞的可能性。既然after是介詞,那么后面必定是賓語從句,后面的從句缺主語,只有what既引導(dǎo)賓語從句,又在賓語從句中作主語;BD都不能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。A雖然可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,但不在從句中充當(dāng)任何語法成分。Haveyoueverbeeninasituation_____youknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim (2002)A.bywhich

B.that

C.inwhere

D.whereB,situation后的從句是對situation作出具體的解釋,因此是同位語從句。非 限 定 動 詞(不定式、動名詞、分詞)____isnotaseriousdisadvantageinlife. (2001)A.Tobenottall

B.Nottobetall

C.Beingnottall

D.NotbeingtallD.AC不對是因?yàn)閯釉~不定式和動名詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)形式應(yīng)為nottodo,notdoing;B動詞不定式短語作主語通常表示特定的具體的行為,特別是表示將來的或一次性的行為,Toskateonrealiceishisdream.D動名詞作主語表示抽象一般的概念。Skatingonrealiceisgreatfun.Thismayhavepreservedtheelephantfrombeingwipedoutaswellasotheranimals_____inAfrica. (1996)A.hunted

B.hunting

C.thathunted

D.arehuntedA,完整結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為:theelephantfrombeingwipedoutaswellasotheranimals(frombeing)huntedinAfrica;“此舉也許既能保護(hù)非洲的其他動物不被獵殺,又能使大象免受滅族之災(zāi)”TheClarkshaven’tdecidedyetwhichhotel______. (1998)A.tostay

B.istostay

C.tostayat

D.isforstayingC,stay是不及物動詞,必須接介詞才能跟賓語。Ininternationalmatches,prestigeissoimportantthattheonlythingthatmattersistoavoid_____. (1996)A.frombeingbeaten

B.beingbeaten

C.beating

D.tobebeatenB,avoid后接動名詞做賓語。被動,因此B。“避免被對手打敗”Heresented_____towait.Heexpectedtheminister_____himatonce. (1995)A.tobeasked,tosee

B.beingasked,tosee

C.tobeasked,seeing

D.beingasked,seeingB,resent后接動名詞,expect后接不定式。Ineverregretted_____theoffer,foritwasnotwheremyinterestlay. (1993)A.nottoaccept

B.nothavingaccepted C.havingnotaccepted

D.notacceptingD,regretdoingsth.表示“后悔做過某事”,事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了,常用動名詞的一般形式表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。Henoticedthehelicopterhoveringoverthefield.Thentohisastonishment,hesawaropeladder_____outandthreemenclimbingdownit. (1995)A.throwing

B.beingthrown

C.havingthrown D.havingbeenthrownB,see可與現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式連用,平行結(jié)構(gòu),后面用了現(xiàn)在分詞,這里也用分詞;繩梯是被扔出飛機(jī),因此要用被動結(jié)構(gòu),排除AC;see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,等詞一般不跟分詞的完成形式連用。ProfessorJohnsonissaid____somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.(99)A.havingmade

B.making

C.tohavemade

D.tomakeC,主語補(bǔ)足語的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生,用完成時(shí)。AIDSissaid_____thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsinthatregion. (2002)A.being

B.tobe

C.tohavebeen

D.havingbeenC,同上。TheMinisterofFinanceisbelieved_____ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.(04)A.thatheisthinking B.tobethinking

C.thatheistothink

D.tothinkB,“人們認(rèn)為財(cái)政部長正在考慮通過征收新稅來增加政府的額外稅入?!盉“正在考慮”Thethreementriedmanytimestosneakacrosstheborderintotheneighboringcountry,_____bythepoliceeachtime. (1999)A.hadbeencaptured

B.beingalwayscapturedC.onlytobecaptured

D.unfortunatelycapturedC,“這三人多次企圖偷偷越過邊界進(jìn)入鄰國,不料每次都被警察抓住。”onlyto表示出乎意料,通常是不愉快的結(jié)果。Thismissileisdesignedsothatonce______nothingcanbedonetoretrieveit, (1995)A.fired

B.beingfired

C.theyfire

D.havingfiredA,once連詞,一旦,被動,所以A。Thismissileisdesignedsothatonceitisfired…______,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome. (1998)A.Obtainingnotaticketforthematch

B.NotobtainingaticketforthematchC.Nothavingobtainedaticketforthematch

D.NotobtainedaticketforthematchC,分詞短語的動作在主句動作之前發(fā)生,用分詞的完成形式。Arrivingatthebusstop,______waitingthere. (1994)A.alotofpeoplewere B.hefoundalotofpeopleC.alotofpeople

D.peoplewerefoundB,空處的邏輯主語與arrive保持一致。_____regulartraininginnursing,shecouldhardlycopewiththeworkatfirst. (1994)A.Notreceived

B.Sincereceiving C.Havingreceived

D.NothavingreceivedD,receive的主語是she,因此應(yīng)是主動,A不對;receive的動作在主句謂語動詞之前發(fā)生,所以要用分詞的完成形式,否定應(yīng)是nothavingdone.__B__atinthisway,thepresenteconomicsituationdoesn’tseemsogloomy. (2000)A.Looking

B.Looked

C.Havinglooked

D.TolookThere__nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.(2000)A.tobe

B.tohavebeen

C.being

D.beC.前面分句構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。_____nocauseforalarm,theoldmanwentbacktohisroom. (1996)A.Therewas

B.Since

C.Being

D.TherebeingD.C中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語的邏輯主語不是主句的主語。Thecountry’schiefexportsarecoal,carsandcottongoods,cars_____themostimportantofthese. (1994)A.havebeen

B.are

C.being

D.arebeingC.ABD都會使后半部分構(gòu)成完整的句子,但句中用的是逗號,不能是完整句子。Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat_____byfarthebiggestcerealcrop. (2003)A.is

B.been

C.be

D.beingD,同上。“農(nóng)業(yè)是這個(gè)國家的主要財(cái)源,目前小麥?zhǔn)枪任镏挟a(chǎn)量最大的?!盜fnot_____withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime. A.beingtreated

B.treated

C.betreated

D.havingbeentreatedB,If(Jackis)nottreated…“如果沒有受到他覺得應(yīng)得的尊敬,杰克的脾氣就會變得很壞,并且不停地抱怨。”Time_____,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled. (2003)A.permit

B.permitting

C.permitted

D.permitsB,“時(shí)間允許的話,慶?;顒訉从?jì)劃進(jìn)行”。time和permit是主動關(guān)系。虛 擬 語 氣_____forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam. (2002)A.Haditnotbeen B.Hadn’titbeen

C.Wasitnot

D.WereitnotA,前半句是與過去事實(shí)相反的推測。Ifithadnotbeen…倒裝IfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforsolong,it’sabouttimeyou_____abletowritelettersinEnglish. (1999)A.shouldbe

B.were

C.mustbe

D.areB,it’sabouttimethatsb.didsth._____,I’llmarryhimallthesame. (2004)A.Washerichorpoor B.WhetherrichorpoorC.wereherichorpoor D.BeherichorpoorD=whetherheisrichorpoorIfyourcar_____anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.(98)A.shallneed

B.shouldneed

C.wouldneed

D.willneedB,與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,“如果你的車在一年內(nèi)有任何問題,可送到獲得授權(quán)的經(jīng)銷商那兒去”Itisimperativethatstudents_____theirtermpapersontime. (2004)A.handin

B.wouldhandin

C.havetohandin

D.handedinA,學(xué)生必須按時(shí)上交他們的學(xué)期論文。Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he________abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan. (2005)A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were A,if從句是對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)。情 態(tài) 動 詞You______Jimanythingaboutit.Itwasnoneofhisbusiness. (2004)A.needn’thavetold B.needn’ttell C.mustn’thavetold D.mustn’ttellA,needn’thavedone表示本不必做而做了。沒有mustn’thavedone的形式,但可以說can’thavedone,表示不大可能。He______the8:20busbecausehedidn’tleavehometill8:25. (1994)A.couldn’thavecaught

B.oughttohavecaughtC.shouldn’thavecaught

D.mustnothavecaughtA,couldn’thavedone表示不可能做了某事。He_____unwisely,buthewasatleasttryingtodosomethinghelpful. (1999)A.mayhaveacted B.musthaveacted

C.shouldact

D.wouldactA,mayhavedone表示過去可能做過某事,B表示一定做過,推測的可能性很大。時(shí) 態(tài)HowcanIeverconcentrateifyou_____continually____mewithsillyquestions (97)A.have…interrupted B.had…interrupted

C.are…interrupting D.were…interruptingC,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always,continually,constantly連用表示某種帶有感情色彩,經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。本句暗含責(zé)備之義。Comeandseemewhenever______. (97)A.youareconvenient B.youwillbeconvenient

C.itisconvenienttoyou D.itwillbeconvenienttoyouC,whenvever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來;convenient一詞只能說itisconvenienttosb.Forsometimenow,worldleaders__outthenecessityforagreementonarmsreduction.(02)A.hadbeenpointing B.havebeenpointing

C.werepointing D.pointedB,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作從過去某一時(shí)間開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能繼續(xù)。Jack_____fromhomefortwodaysnow,andIambeginningtoworryabouthissafety.(03)A.hasbeenmissing B.hasbeenmissed

C.hadbeenmissing D.wasmissedA,同上。“杰克離家兩天(到現(xiàn)在還沒回),我開始擔(dān)心他的安全?!盻________consciousofmymoralobligationsasacitizen. (05)A.Iwasandalwayswillbe B.IhavetobeandalwayswillbeC.Ihadbeenandalwayswillbe D.IhavebeenandalwayswillbeD,ABC三項(xiàng)前后兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)不一致,只有D項(xiàng)中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與將來時(shí)搭配一致。倒 裝Sobadly_____inthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforafewmonths.(94)A.didheinjure

B.injuredhim

C.washeinjured

D.hewasinjuredC,倒裝,將助動詞提到主語前,被動。Heisnotunderarrest,______anyrestrictiononhim. (95)A.orthepolicehaveplaced B.orhavethepoliceplacedC.northepolicehaveplaced D.norhavethepoliceplacedD,AB中的or表示“否則”,與題意不符;nor放在句首要倒裝。___bothsidesaccepttheagreement___alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.(04)A.Onlyif,will

B.Ifonly,would

C.Should,will

D.Unless,wouldA,onlyif表示“只有。。。才”,放在句首,句子要倒裝;“只有雙方都接受和約,永久的和平才有可能建立起來”。ifonly表示“要是。。。多好”反 意 疑 問 句Ahibernatinganimalneedshardlyanyfoodallthroughthewinter,_____(92)A.needit

B.needn’tit

C.doesit

D.doesn’titC,need是實(shí)義動詞不是情態(tài)動詞,hardly是否定副詞,因此前面的分句是否定句。YouandIcouldhardlyunderstand,______ (95)A.couldI

B.couldn’tyou

C.couldn’twe

D.couldweD,hardly的解釋同上。Whenyouhavefinishedwiththatvideotape,don’tforgettoputitinmydrawer,___(97)A.doyou

B.willyou

C.don’tyou

D.won’tyouB,前面句子是第二人稱祈使句時(shí),后面要用will(would)you或won’tyou;本題中,前面的句子是否定句,因此后面用肯定的。Dohelpyourselftosomefruit,_____you (00)A.can’t

B.don’t

C.wouldn’t

D.won’tD,同上。Shewouldhavebeenmoreagreeableifshehadchangedalittlebit,_____ (03)A.hadn’tshe

B.hasn’tshe

C.wouldn’tshe

D.didn’tsheC,反意疑問句的謂語動詞與主句一致?!八绻晕⒏淖円幌戮蜁軞g迎,對嗎”一、語法一致原則

主語單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,即主語是單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù),主語是復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

Towstudentsarewaitingforyouinyouroffice.

兩名學(xué)生在辦公室等你。

二、意義一致原則

謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況

(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。

TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.

那個(gè)工人兼作家來自武漢。

(2)“no/each/every/manya+單數(shù)名詞+and+no/each/every/manya+單數(shù)名詞”作主語。

Everymanandeverywomanhasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.每一個(gè)人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。

(3)one/everyone/each/either/thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語。

Eachofthestudentshasabook.每個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書。

(4)由every,any,some,no和one,thing,body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語。

Iseverybodyheretoday今天每個(gè)人都在這兒嗎?

(5)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語。

Persuadinghimtojoinusseemsreallyhard.

勸他加入我們看起來確實(shí)難。

Togotobedearlyandtoriseearlyisagoodhabit.

早睡早起是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。

Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.

無論剩下了什么都被拿走了。

注意:what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式,若從句謂語或從句后的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Whattheyneedarebooks.他們需要的是書。

謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況

(1)由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同的概念。

Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.

面包和黃油都賣完了。

(2)people,police,cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語。

Peoplereadforpleasureduringtheirsparetime.

人們閑暇之余的閱讀是為了消遣。

(3)一些常用做復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,如goods,stairs,arms等作主語。

ThegoodsaremadeinChina.這些貨物都是中國制造的。

(4)由山脈、群島、瀑布等以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語。

TheHimalayasaretheroofoftheworld.

喜馬拉雅山脈是世界屋脊。

(5)anumberof/quantitiesof/agroupof+名詞作主語。

AnumberofotherplantswerefoundinAmerica.

在美國發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的其他植物。

謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定

(1)集體名詞class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主語,強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù),指個(gè)體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。

ThepopulationinChinaisverylargeand80%ofthepopulationliveinruralareas.中國人口很多,其中80%的人住在農(nóng)村。

(2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí),謂語形式要根據(jù)其具體含義而定,這類詞有:means,works,pains,deer,fish,sheep等。

Everymeanshasbeentriedtosolvetheproblem,butnoneiseffective.每種方法都試過,但沒有一個(gè)有效。

Therearevariousmeansofcommunicatingwithastranger.

同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。

(3)“kind,sort,pair,type+名詞”作主語,以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。

Thekindofpaperismadeofstraw.這種紙是由稻草制成的。

Somekindsofanimalsaredyingout.

一些種類的動物要滅絕了。

(4)all,none,some,any等不定代詞作主語,根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。

Allisgoingonverywell.一切順利。

Allarepresentbesidestheprofessor.

包括教授在內(nèi)大家都在。

(5)“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語,謂語動詞要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。

Alotofstudentsarecomingtothemeeting.

有很多學(xué)生要來開會。

Alotofworkistobedonetopreparefortheconference.

準(zhǔn)備這次會議需要做大量的工作。

三、就近一致原則

(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等連接的并列主語,謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。

NeitheryounorIamfitforthework.

你和我都不適合這份工作。

AreneitheryounorIfitforthework

你和我都不適合這份工作嗎

注意:“with/alongwith/togetherwith/including/but/except/like/aswellas/nomorethan/besides/ratherthan+名詞”置于主語后,謂語動詞一般仍與前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。

Henry,ratherthanJaneandJohn,isresponsibleforthe

loss.

損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由亨利而不是由簡和約翰來承擔(dān)。

(2)由there,here引起的主語不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。

Thereisapencilandtwopensinthepencilbox.

文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。

Aretherethreebooksandonepenonyourdesk

你的書桌上有三本書和一支鋼筆嗎

1.—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible

—Becauselargequantitiesofwater________.

A.havepolluted

B.isbeingpolluted

C.hasbeenpolluted

D.havebeenpolluted

【解析】句意為:——這湖水怎么這么難聞——因?yàn)榇罅康乃呀?jīng)被污染了。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致問題。water與pollute為被動關(guān)系,故排除A項(xiàng);B表“正被污染”,故排除;largequantitiesof后加名詞,謂語動詞應(yīng)與quantities保持一致,故排除C項(xiàng),答案為D項(xiàng)。

【答案】D

2.,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,________visitBeijingthissummer.

A.isgoingto

B.a(chǎn)regoingto

C.wasgoingto

D.weregoingto

【解析】當(dāng)主語后出現(xiàn)togetherwith/aswellas等介詞短語時(shí),謂語動詞的數(shù)與介詞短語前的主語保持一致,故可排除B、D兩項(xiàng);根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語thissummer可知應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。

【答案】A

3.Theteachertogetherwiththestudents________discussingReadingSkillsthat________newlypublishedinAmerica.

A.a(chǎn)re;were

B.is;were

C.a(chǎn)re;was

D.is;was

【解析】句意為:老師和同學(xué)們在討論美國剛出版的《閱讀技巧》一書。不難看出主句的主語是theteacher,togetherwiththestudents是附加部分,而ReadingSkills是一個(gè)書名也應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

【答案】D

4.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents________toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.

A.a(chǎn)re

B.is

C.have

D.be

【解析】句意為:要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會議。該題考查的是主謂一致,按照就近一致原則,oneofyourstudents的中心詞為one,謂語動詞該用單數(shù),在本句中istodo表示應(yīng)該(should)。

【答案】B

5.Atpresent,oneoftheargumentsinfavorofthenewairport________thatitwillbringalotofjobstothearea.

A.is

B.a(chǎn)re

C.willbe

D.was

【解析】句意為:目前,人們贊成建一座新機(jī)場的理由之一是它將給這個(gè)地區(qū)帶來很多的就業(yè)機(jī)會。本題考查動詞時(shí)態(tài),Atpresent=Now是解題的關(guān)鍵。

【答案】A

6.—Didyougototheshowlastnight

—boyandgirlinthearea________invited.

A.were

B.havebeen

C.hasbeen

D.was

【解析】主語是everyboyandgirl,表示單數(shù)概念,故謂語動詞用單數(shù),且詢問昨晚的情況,有明確的過去時(shí)間,所以應(yīng)選擇was。

【答案】D

7.ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere________yet.

A.hasn’tbeendecided

B.haven’tdecided

C.isn’tbeingdecided

D.a(chǎn)ren’tdecided

【解析】本題考查主謂一致。whenandwhere引導(dǎo)的從句或跟不定式連用時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù),再根據(jù)本題意思應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。

【答案】A

8.Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeofdaysandweeks________sosmallthatadayisunimportant.

A.is

B.a(chǎn)re

C.hasbeen

D.havebeen

【解析】此題考查主謂一致的基本用法。主語是time,后面ofdaysandweeks是它的定語,所以謂語用單數(shù)。

【答案】A

9.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts________thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________goodforone’shealth.

A.show;are

B.shows;is

C.show;is

D.shows;are

【解析】本題考查主謂一致。第一空的主語是asurvey,故用單數(shù)shows;第二空是不可數(shù)名詞exercise作主語,故用is。

【答案】B

10.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,twothirdsofthebuildingsinthearea_____.

A.needrepairing

B.needstorepair

C.needsrepairing

D.needtorepair

【解析】此題考查主謂一致及“need”的特殊用法。twothirdsofthebuildings作主語,謂語動詞應(yīng)與thebuildings保持一致,故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。need此處意為“需要”,用法應(yīng)是needtobedone/needdoing。

【答案】A

11—Hi,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow

—EveryboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswhoaretovisitWaterCube________askedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6∶30inthemorning.

A.is

B.were

C.a(chǎn)re

D.was

【解析】考查主謂一致。every...andevery...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,由此可以排除B、C兩項(xiàng);根據(jù)前面的aretovisitWaterCube的時(shí)態(tài)可知,A項(xiàng)正確。

【答案】A

12.Johnaswellastheotherchildrenwho________noparents________goodcareofinthecenter.

A.have;isbeingtaken

B.have;hastaken

C.has;istaken

D.has;havebeentaken

【解析】考查主謂一致和動詞時(shí)態(tài),句意為:約翰同其他那些沒有父母的孩子一起在這個(gè)中心受到很好的照顧。who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾otherchildren所以謂語動詞應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù);名詞1+aswellas/besides/with/togetherwithect.+名詞2時(shí),謂語動詞要根據(jù)就遠(yuǎn)原則由名詞1決定,所以第二空謂語動詞為單數(shù),約翰正在受到照顧,因此用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動形式。

【答案】A

13.Thenumberofpeople,whohaveaccesstotheirowncars,________sharplyinthepastdecade.

A.rose

B.isrising

C.haverisen

D.hasrisen

【解析】考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。本句的主語是thenumber,所以謂語動詞用單數(shù);inthepastdecade表示時(shí)間從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,即“十年來”,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

【答案】D

14.Professor

Wang,togetherwithhiscolleagues,________workingontheprojectdayandnightto________thedeadline.

A.a(chǎn)re;meet

B.is;meet

C.a(chǎn)re;satisfy

D.is;satisfy

【解析】考查主謂一致和詞語搭配。當(dāng)主語后跟有togetherwith,aswellas等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),謂語動詞應(yīng)和主語保持一致,此處主語是ProfessorWang,故謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式;meetthedeadline表示“在截止日期前完成”。

【答案】B

15.Largequantitiesofinformation,aswellassometimelyhelp________sincetheorganizationwasbuilt.

A.hasoffered

B.had

beenoffered

C.havebeenoffered

D.isoffered

【解析】由aswellas連接的復(fù)合主語并不影響謂語動詞的數(shù),“l(fā)argequantitesof+名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。分析題目可知動作雖然發(fā)生在過去,但對現(xiàn)在還有影響,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

【答案】C

16.Buyingclothes________ahardjobbecausetheclothesapersonlikes________notveryoftenfithimorher.

A.a(chǎn)re;do

B.is;does

C.a(chǎn)re;does

D.is;do

【解析】考查主謂一致。主句主語是動名詞短語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式is;從句的主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞clothes,因此用do。

【答案】D

17.Onthecontrary,IthinkitisTruman,________you,________toblame.

A.morethan;are

B.lessthan;whoare

C.ratherthan;thatis

D.ratherthan;is

【解析】句意是:相反,我認(rèn)為是Truman而不是你該受到責(zé)備。題干包含一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語從句的主語,所以謂語動詞要與Truman一致。此句表示選擇關(guān)系,所以要用ratherthan。

【答案】C

18.Everystudentaswellasteacherswho________tovisitthemuseum______askedtobeattheschoolgateontime.

A.is;is

B.a(chǎn)re;are

C.is;are

D.a(chǎn)re;is

【解析】考查主謂一致。who,which,that作定語從句的主語時(shí),其謂語的數(shù)取決于先行詞,所以第一空用復(fù)數(shù)are;主語后有aswellas等時(shí),謂語應(yīng)同其前面的主語保持一致,所以第二空用單數(shù)。

【答案】D

19.Anexhibitonofpaintings________atthemuseumn

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