指示代詞和不定代詞

12/12指示代詞和不定代詞指示代詞：表示"那個(gè)"、"這個(gè)"、"這些"、"那些"等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this，that，these，those等。

說明1：指示代詞在作主語時(shí)可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分時(shí)只能指物，不能指人，例如：

(對(duì))Thatismyteacher.那是我的老師。（that作主語，指人）

(對(duì))Heisgoingtomarrythisgirl.他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。（this作限定詞）(錯(cuò))Heisgoingtomarrythis.（this作賓語時(shí)不能指人）

(對(duì))Iboughtthis.我買這個(gè)。(this指物，可作賓語)

說明2：

That和those可作定語從句的先行詞，但this和these不能，同時(shí)，在作先行詞時(shí)，只有those可指人，試比較：

(對(duì))Headmiredthatwhichlookedbeautiful.他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。

(對(duì))Headmiredthosewholookedbeautiful.他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）

(錯(cuò))Headmiredthatwhodancedwell.（that作賓語時(shí)不能指人）

(對(duì))Headmiredthosewhodancedwell.他贊賞跳舞好的人。（those指人）

(對(duì))Headmiredthosewhichlookedbeautiful.他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。（those指物）

()1Who'sthatatthedoor?____isthepostman.

A.She

B.This

C.It

D.He

()2-Who'sthatinthepicture?A.It'smeB.That'sIC.ThisisaboyD.It'sI

()3-Look,whoiscoming?-___mustbeourEnglishteacher.

A.She

B.He

C.It

D.This

()4Someoneisknockingatthedoor,butwhocan____be?

A.one

B.he

C.she

D.it

()5___waslatesummerandtheweatherwasveryhot.

A.That

B.It

C.This

D.It's

()6.Whattimeis____now?

AitB.allC.thisD:that

()7.___aheavyrainlastnight.

A.Therehad

B.Wehad

C.Itwas

D.Thereis

()8.___is200kilometresfromheretothenaturalpark.Wehavetogotherebycar.

A.There

B.It

C.This

D.Theplace

8、不定代詞：代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。

※注：復(fù)合不定代詞有12個(gè)：something(某事),someone(某人),somebody(某人),anything(任何事),anyone(任何人),anybody(任何人),nothing(沒事),nobody(沒有人),noone(沒有人),everything(一切),everyone(每個(gè)人),everybody(每個(gè)人).

(1)some和any的用法：

some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“幾個(gè)”、“一些”、“某個(gè)”作定語時(shí)可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。如：Ihavesomeworktodotoday.(今天我

有些事情要做)/Theywillgotheresomeday.(他們有朝一日會(huì)去那

兒)

some用于疑問句時(shí),表示建議、請(qǐng)求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Wouldyoulikesomecoffeewithsugar?(你要加糖的咖啡嗎？)

any一般用于疑問句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一個(gè)”,作定語時(shí)可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。如：Theydidn’thaveanyfriendshere.

(他們?cè)谶@里沒有朋友)/Haveyougotanyquestionstoask?(你有問題要問嗎？)

any用于肯定句時(shí),意思是“任何的”。Comeherewithanyfriend.(隨便帶什么朋友來吧。)

(2)no和none的用法：

no是形容詞,只能作定語表示,意思是“沒有”,修飾可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))或不可數(shù)名詞。如：Thereisnotimeleft.Pleasehurryup.(沒有時(shí)間了,請(qǐng)快點(diǎn))/Theyhadnoreadingbookstolend.(他們沒有閱讀用書

可以出借)

none只能獨(dú)立使用,在句子中可作主語、賓語和表語,意思是“沒有一個(gè)人(或事物)”,表示復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)。如：Noneofthemis/areintheclassroom.(他們當(dāng)中沒有一個(gè)在教室里)/Ihavemanybooks,butnoneisinteresting.(我有很多的書,但沒有一本是有趣的)

(3)all和both的用法：

all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞；也可用來代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

both指兩個(gè)人或物,用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。all和both在句子中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。如：IknowallofthefourBritishstudentsintheirschool.(他們學(xué)校里四個(gè)英國(guó)學(xué)生我全認(rèn)識(shí))/--Wouldyoulikethisoneorthatone?–Both.(你要這個(gè)還是那個(gè)？?jī)蓚€(gè)都要。)

all和both既可以修飾名詞(all/both+(the)+名詞),也可以獨(dú)立使用,采用“all/both+ofthe+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”的形式,其中的of可以省略。如：All(of)(the)boysarenaughty.(是男孩都調(diào)皮)

(4)every和each用法：

every是形容詞,只能作定語修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思是“每一個(gè)”,表示整體概念；

each是形容詞、代詞,可用作主語、賓語、定語等,意思是“每個(gè)”或者“各個(gè)”,表示單個(gè)概念；each可以放在名詞前,可以后跟of短語,與動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)要放在“be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”之后或者行為動(dòng)詞之前

every和each都用作單數(shù)理解,但是下文中既可以用單數(shù)的代詞(如he/him/his)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)的代詞(如they/them/their)替代。如：Everyoneofthestudentsinhisclassstudiesveryhard.(他班上每個(gè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都很用功)/Theyareverybusy.Eachofthemhassomethingtodo.(他們很忙,人人都有事干)

(5)either和neither的用法：

either意思是“兩個(gè)中間的任何一個(gè)”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“兩個(gè)都不”。

neither和either在句子中可作主語、賓語和定語等,都用作單數(shù)。如：Idon’tcaremuchforwhattodrink.Eitherofthetwowilldo.(我不介意喝些什么,兩個(gè)之中隨便哪個(gè)都行)/--Willyougotherebybusorbycar?–Neither.Iwillgotherebytrain.(你坐公車去還是坐轎車去？一個(gè)都不坐,我坐火車去。)

(6)other、theother和another的用法：

other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有復(fù)數(shù)形式。在句子中可作主語、賓語和定語。another意思是“另外”、“又一個(gè)”,表示增加,在句中可作賓語和定語。如：

Somegirlsaresingingunderthebigappletreeandothersaresittingonthegrasstalking.(有些女孩在大蘋果樹下唱歌,別的就躺在草地上說話)/Youhavehadseveralcakes.Doyoureallywantanotherone?(你已經(jīng)吃了好幾塊餅子了,你真的還要一塊？)/Iwantanotherfourbooks.(我還要四本書)

another(另外的,再一,又一)與theother(另外的一個(gè))主要從數(shù)量上區(qū)分,只有兩個(gè)時(shí)用theother,在原先基礎(chǔ)上增加用another。如：Thisisoneofyoursocks.Whereistheotherone?(這是你的一只襪子,還有一只呢？)/Ihaveeaten4cakes,butIstillwantanother.(我已經(jīng)吃了4塊蛋糕,但是我還要以塊。)

others與theothers的主要區(qū)別：others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；

theothers指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如：Afewstudentsareplayingsoccerwhileothersarewatchingthem.(有幾個(gè)學(xué)生在踢足球,其他一些人在觀看)/Twoofthetenboysarestandingandtheothersaresittingroundthem.(十個(gè)男孩中有兩個(gè)站著,其他人都圍著他們坐著。)

(7)many和much的用法：

many意思是“很多”,與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用；much意思是“很多”,與不可數(shù)名詞連用。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z、賓語和定語等。如：Idon’thavemanyfriendshere.(在這里我沒有很多的朋友。)/Manydiedinthebusaccident.(許多人在公交車禍中喪失)/Wecanlearnmuchwiththehelpofhim.(在他的幫助之下我們能學(xué)到很多)

many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用alotof或者lotsof;many/much用于肯定句時(shí)可以在前面加上so、very或too.如：Thereare

alotofpeopleontheplayground.(操場(chǎng)上有許多的人)/Theyhaven’

tgotmuchworktodo.(他們沒有多少事情可做)/Therearetoomanypeopleintheroom.(房間里人太多了。)

(8)few、little、afew、alittle的用法：

few、little意思是“很少幾個(gè)”、“幾乎沒有”,有否定的意思,afew、alittle意思是“有幾個(gè)”、“有些”,有肯定的意思；few、afew與可數(shù)名詞連用或代替可數(shù)的事物,little、alittle與不可數(shù)名詞連用或代替不可數(shù)的事物。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z、賓語和定語。如：

Heisverypoorandhehaslittlemoney.(他很窮,幾乎沒有什么錢。)/Don’tworry.Thereisstillalittletimeleft.(別著急,還有一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間呢。)/Inthatpolarregiontherelivefewpeople.(在那個(gè)極地地區(qū)幾乎不住人)/Youcangetafewsweetsfromhim.(你可以從他那兒弄到一些糖果)

(9)復(fù)合不定代詞somebody,something,anything,nothing,everything,

everybody等是由some,any,no,every,加上body,thing構(gòu)成的,

叫做復(fù)合不定代詞,在句子中當(dāng)單數(shù)使用。

somebody,something,someone一般用于肯定句中；anything,

anybody,anyone一般用于疑問句、否定句和條件狀語從句中。修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的定語,應(yīng)放在它們的后面。如：Hey,Lily.Thereissomeoneoutsidethedoor.(嗨,麗麗,門外有人。)/Di(每個(gè)人)dyoumeetanyonewhenyoucametoschoollastSunday?(上個(gè)星期天你來學(xué)校時(shí)見到什么人了嗎？)/Hehasnothingmuchtodotoday.(他今天沒有多少事情做)

(10)one與ones用來代替上文的一個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物,前面可以加冠詞、形

容詞、指示代詞、which等。如：Whichjacketwouldyoulike,thisoneorthatone?(你要哪件夾克,這件還是那件？/Idon’tlikethegreenones.(我不喜歡綠色的那些)

(11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的賓語或表語。如：Idon’tthinkso.(我

認(rèn)為不是這樣的。)/Helostabook.SodidI.(他丟失了一本書,

我也是。)

(12)alotof、lotsof、anumberof(/largenumbersof)、agreatdeal

of、plentyof的區(qū)別：五個(gè)“名詞+介詞”短語都表示“大量,許多”,alotof(或lotsof)既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

形式,可以相應(yīng)地?fù)Q為much和many；plentyof“足夠、大量”,既可

以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。anumberof/largenumbersof只可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式(它修飾的詞作主語時(shí)

謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以換為some、many、alotof、plentyof。agreatdealof只可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞(它修飾的詞作主語時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)形式)

可以換為much。

如：Alotofpeoplethinkthattimeismoney.(許多的人認(rèn)為時(shí)間就是金錢。)/Idon’thavetodoitinahurrybecauseIhaveplentyoftime.(我用不著趕忙,因?yàn)槲矣谐渥愕臅r(shí)間。)/Ihaveanumberofletterstowritetoday.(今天我有好多信要寫)/Ispendagreatdealoftime/moneyonshopping.(在購(gòu)物方面我花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間/金錢。)

(13)none、noone、nobody的區(qū)別：noone和nobody都表示“沒有人”,

僅指人,后面不跟of短語,作主語時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)形式；none表示“沒有

一個(gè)人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短語,作主語時(shí)謂語可用

單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Nooneknowshowhemanagedtogettheticket.(沒有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的)/Nobodyhandedinhis/theircomposition(s)yesterday.(昨天沒有一個(gè)人交作文。)/Noneofmyfriendscametoseemethatday.(那天沒有一個(gè)朋友來

看我。)

9、相互代詞：表示相互關(guān)系的詞叫相互代詞。

eachother,oneanother是相互代詞,譯成“互相”,可以通用。eachother表示兩者之間,而oneanther表示許多人之間。它們有所有格形式eachother’s,oneanother’s。如：Wemusthelpeachotherwhenweareintrouble.(我們身處困境時(shí)要互相幫助。)/Theysattherewithouttalkingtooneanother/eachother.(他們坐在那兒,互相都不說話。)

()1.Heandsheareexactlyastallas____.

A.themselves

B.them

C.their

D.eachother

()2.Peopleusuallyputsmallpresentsin____stockingonChristmasEve.

A.eachother

B.eachothers

C.eachother's

D.eachothers'

()3.Thestudentsoftenhelp___.

A.onetheother

B.eachtheother

C.oneanother

D.twoanother

()4.Thereareshopson_____sideofthestreet.________ofthemdonotclosetill

12atnight.

A.both;All

B.every;None

C.either;Some

D.other;Many

()5.Theboyrunsfasterthan_______inhisclass.,

A.anyoftheboy

B.anyboys

C.anyotherboy

D.alltheboys

()6.Tomisstrongerthan___inhisclass.

A.anystudents

B.otherstudent

C.anyotherstudent

D.anyotherstudents

()7.Thereisnot___meatinmybowl.Thereis____chickeninit.

A.some;any

B.any;some

C.any;any

D.some;some

()8.-Ihaveforgottenmybread.

-Nevermind,youcanhave____.

A.someofus

B.someofour

C.someofours

D.manyofours

()9.-Isthere___teain'thatgreencup?

-Yes,thereis____.

A.the;some

B.any;any

C.some;any

D.any;some

()10.Couldyoudo___forme,please?

A.everything

B.nothing

C.something

D.anything

()11.Thebottleisempty.Thereis___init.

A.anything

B.something

C.nothing

D.everything

()12.-TurnofftheTV,Betty.____iswatchingit.

-Oh,no.Mum.I'mwatchingitnow.

A.somebody

B.Nobody

C.Everybody

D.Anybody

()13.-Didyoufind___intheroom?

-No,wefound___there.

A.anybody;nobody

B.somebody;everybody

C.anybody;somebody

D.everybody;anybody

()14.Ihavealotofworktodo.1have___timetoplay.

A.not

B.any

C.no

D.some

()15.Asweknow,heis___fool.

A.not

B.noa

C.notan

D.no

()16.Iaskedhimforsomeoil,buthehadn't___.

A.some

B.any

C.anything

D.no

()17.___ofthefourroadswilltakeyoutothehospital.

A.Neither

B.Either

C.Both

D.Any

()18.Wouldyoulendmeofyourmoney?"

A.some

B.lot

C.afew

D.any

()19.Wouldyoulike___morecoffee?

A.little

B.any

C.some

D.another

()20.-Haveyouanybooksonradio?

-I'dliketoborrow___.

A.those

B.some

C.them

D.it

()21.Listentome.Ihave____totellyou.

A.anythingnew

B.somethingnew

C.newsomething

D.nothingnew

()22.Bytheway,isthere____intoday'snewspaper?

A.somethingnewo

B.anythingnew

C.newsomething

D.newanything

()23Pleasebequiet.Ihave___totellyou.

A.importantsomething

B.nothingimportant

C.importantanything

D.somethingimportant

()24I'mnotbusy.Ihaven't____todo.

A.something

B.everything

C.nothing

D.anything

()25____hashappened,Iwantyoutotellmeaboutit.

A.Something

B.Everything

C.Anything

D.Nothing

()26.Yesterdaymorning___boybrokeintothegarden.

A.any

B.some

C.many

D.much

()27___twentyboyswereplayingfootballatthattimeyesterday.

A.Each

B.Some

C.Noone

D.Neither

()28NowIhave______questions.Let'sgotoaskourteacher.

A.any

B.much

C.some

D.alot

()29Ifyouliketheseapples,youcantake_____.

A.any

B.alot

C.that.

D.this

()30Iwilldo____formymotherland.

A.anything

B.many

C.much

D.something

()31-Didtheyfind___inthepark?

-No,theyfound____there.

A.anybody;nobody

B.somebody;everybody

C.anybody;somebody

D.everybody;anybody

()32Idon'tknow_____ofthesepeople,fortheyarenewworkers.

A.any

B.some

C.one

D.much

()33Hedidn'ttake___one.Theyareallhere.

A.many

B.any

C.alittle

D.that

()34.1haven'tread____ofthebooks.

Afewofthebooksaretoodifficultformetoread.A.anyB.someC.twoD.both()35.CanIhave___bottleoforange,please?

A.another

B.other

C.others

D.theothers

()36.Thereareforty-fourstudentsinClassOne.Nineteenofthemareboys,___aregirls.

A.theother

B.theothers

C.others

D.someothers

()37.MrSmithhastwosons.____isasoldier,___isadoctor.

A.One;another

B.One;other

C.This;theother

D.One;theother

()38.Therearemanypeopleintheparknow.Someareboating.____arewalkingalongthelake.

A.theother

B.other

C.theothers

D.others

()39.Theglassisbroken.Goandget____.

A.other

B.anotherone

C..others

D.theother

()40.Iborrowedtwobooks.____isinEnglish,and____isinChinese.

A.It;another

B.One;another

C.Theone;another

D.One;theother

()41._____ofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.

A.Every

B.All

C.Both

D.Each

()42.TherearelotsofEnglishbookshere,and____ofthemiseasytounderstand.

A.both

B.all.

C.every

D.each

()43.Ididn'tknowthatyou___would___there.

A.be;all

B.all;be

C.are;allD:all;are

()44.-Arethesetwobooksinteresting?

-Yes,____ofthemareinteresting.

A.both

B.all

C.either

D.neither

()45.Hecouldn'tmakehimselfunderstoodbecause___ofusknewwhathesaid.

A.none

B.no

C.nobody

D.not

()46.Ididn'tlikethecrosstalk.____oftheactorswasfunny.

A.Both

B.All

C.Neither

D.Either

()47._____ofthemisgoodatsinging.

A.Both

B.All

C.Noone

D.Neither

()48.-Whichwouldyoulike,acupof