step-by-step-3000-1 第一冊Unit1-12-答案及原文

step_by_step_3000_1第一冊Unit1-12_答案及原文step_by_step_3000_1第一冊Unit1-12_答案及原文step_by_step_3000_1第一冊Unit1-12_答案及原文step_by_step_3000_1第一冊Unit1-12_答案及原文編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:Unit12ItemoneDifferentpeoplehavedifferentwaysoflearning.Wecallthisyour“l(fā)earningstyle”,andit’sbasedonyoursenses.Tolearn,youneedtouseyourdifferentsenses–hearing,seeing,touching,etc.,tobringinformationtoyourbrain.Now,mostpeopleuseoneoftheirsensesmorethantheothers.Somepeoplelearnbestbylistening.Theyarecalledhearinglearners.Andotherslearnbestbyreadingorlookingatpictures.Theyarecalledvisuallearners.Andsomelearnbestbytouchinganddoingthings.Theyarecalledtactilelearners.Nowscientistsdon’tknowwhypeopleuseonesensemorethantheothers.Maybethesensetheyusemostjustworksbestforthem.ItemtwoToday,wetellaboutoneofthemostfamousnationalparksintheUnitedStates.Itisoneofthemostbeautifulplacesinthecountry.YosemiteNationalParkisaplaceofextremes.Ithashighmountains.Ithasvalleysformedbyancienticethatcutdeepintotheearthmillionsofyearsago.Waterfromhighinthemountainsfallsinmanyplacestothegreenvalleyfarbelow.TherearethirteenbeautifulwaterfallsinYosemiteValley.Oneofthesewaterfalls,ItemthreeAmerica’snationalroadsystemmakesitpossibletodrivecoasttocoast.FromtheAtlanticOceanintheeasttothePacificOceaninthewestisadistanceofmorethan4,000kilometers.OryoucoulddrivemorethantwothousandkilometersandgofromtheCanadianbordersouthtotheMexicanborder.Thehighwaysystemhasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoworkinacityandliveoutsideit.AndithasmadeitpossibleforpeopletotraveleasilyandquicklyfroItemfourThewayyoulookatsomeoneconveysimportantculturalmessages.Withoutyourevenknowingit,yourgazespeaksvolumes.“Theeyesarethewindowofthesoul,”accordingtotheoldsayings.Staringisacceptableinsomeculturesbutnotinothers.Awinkcanmeanacomplimentoraninsult,dependingonthecultures.Adirectgazecanbeasignofhonestyoranindicationofdisrespectandrudeness,accordingtotheculturethatsurroundsthegazer.Thewayapersongazesthusexpressesastrongmessage-butthismessagecanbeeasilymisunderstoodifculturalnormsarenotshared.ItemfiveThistimeoftheyearAmericansspendlotsoftimeshoppingforholidaygiftsfortheirfamilymembersandfriends.Manypeoplevisitalotofstoresinlargeshoppingcenterstobuytheirgifts.Othersordergoodsbytelephonefromcatalogues,themagazinesthatoffercompany’sproducts.AndmanyaredoingtheirholidayshoppingontheInternet.IndustryexpertssayAmericanbusinessshouldhaveabout184,000milliondollarsinsalesduringNovemberandDecember.63%ofpeoplewhousetheInternetsaytheyexpecttobuyatleastsomegiftsthere.ItemsixIOCstandsforInternationalOlympicCommittee,whichgovernstheOlympicsingeneral.ItwasfoundedinParison23June1894.ItsheadquartersareintheSwisscityofLausanne.ItsofficiallanguagesareEnglishandFrench.IOCmemberscomefromfivedifferentcontinents-Africa,America,Asia,EuropeandOceania.TheychooseOlympiccitiessixyearsinadvance.AlltheOlympicmovement’srulesarecontainedinabookcalledTheOlympicCharter.ThereisanOlympicMuseumandStudiesCenterinLausanne.Itcontainsposters,documents,medals,books,photos,paintings,filmsandsculpturesItemsevenTherearefartoomanyroadaccidentsinthiscountry,toomanydeathsandtoomanypeopleinjured.Onewonderswhomosttoblame,driversorpedestrians.Somepeoplesaythattheblamecannotbeputfairlywithoutconsideringthestateoftheroadsandthewholetransportsystem.Ontheotherhand,manyexpertsareconvincedthatthelargerpartoftheblameforthedeathtollmustbeputonpersonsandpersonsalone.Tobefair,pedestrians,driversandroadconditionsarealltoblame.Onelooksforwardtothedaywhenthemotor-carhasbeenreplacedbysomelessdangerousmeansoftransport.ItemeightPetroleumhasbeenimportantsinceancienttimes.InLatin,thenamemeans“rockoil.”Petroleumisafossilfuel.Theliquidcomesfromtheremainsofplantsandanimalsthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Theseremainswereburieddeepbelowlevelsofrockovertimeandundergreatpressure.Thisgeologicalprocesscreatedcomplexmoleculesofhydrogenandcarbon.Oilcanalsocontainotherelements.Crudeoil,orunprocessedpetroleum,iscalledsourwhenitcontainsalotofsulfur,animpurity.Sourcruderequiresmorerefiningthansweetcrude,whichisoftenmorevaluable.ItemnineInSeptemberof2000,worldleadersseteightgoalsforbringingmillionsofpeopleoutofpoverty.ThesebecameknownastheUnitedNationsmillenniumdevelopmentgoals.Amongthem:cutinhalfthenumberofpeoplelivingonlessthanonedollaradayandhaltthespreadofAIDSandmalaria.Thegoalsalsoincludeimprovingsurvivalratesforpregnantwomenandyoungchildren,andeducatingallchildren.Workingforequalitybetweenwomenandmenanddealingwithenvironmentalneedslikesafewateralsoareincluded.Thetargetdateforreachingthegoalsis2015.ItemtenOnewaytothinkabouttimeistoimagineaworldwithouttime.Therecouldbenomovement,becausetimeandmovementcannotbeseparated.Aworldwithouttimecouldexistonlyaslongastherewerenochanges.Fortimeandchangearelinked.Weknowthattimehaspassedwhensomethingchanges.Intherealworld-theworldwithtime-changesneverstop.Somechangeshappenonlyonceinawhile,likeaneclipseofthemoon.Othershappenrepeatedly,liketherisingandsettingofthesun.Humansalwayshavenotednaturaleventsthatrepeatthemselves.Whenpeoplebegantocountsuchevents,theybegantomeasuretime.ItemelevenTheWorldFutureSocietyhaspublishedaspecialreportaboutforceschangingtheworld.Oneofthemispopulationgrowth.Thereportsaystheworldisexpectedtohavemorethanninethousandmillionpeoplebythemiddleofthiscentury.Populationgrowthinmanyindustrialnations,however,isexpectedtodrop.Butmedicalprogresshelpstheirpeopletolivelongerlives.Internationalmigrationisalsoshapingthefuture.Thereportsaysthereissomeresistance,butalsogrowingacceptanceofculturaldifferences.Theworldeconomyisalsobecomingmoreintegrated.Ontheissueofenergy,theuseofoilisexpectedtoreach110millionbarrelsadayby2020.Unit5PartIA.October1969firstemailmessageMarch1972addressesFebruary1976HeadofstateFall1976JimmyCarterSeptember1983HighereducationaccountsDecember1998B.asIseeitopinionifI’mwrongasamatteroffactbelieveitornotInformationownbusinessstandardfornowbeseein’youTapescript:Onefeatureoftheinformationsuperhighwayisthatthetraffictravelsfast,andtechiesusetheirownspecialshorthandtokeepmessageszoomingalong.Todaywe’llhelpyoudecodetechtalkbyansweringsomenotsofrequentlyaskedquestionsaboutabbreviationsontheInternet.WhatdoesitmeanwhenamessageincludesthelettersAISIorIMHOAISIstandsfor“asIseeit”andIMHOisshorthandfor“inmyhumbleopinion.”SomemodestfolkswillalsoaddFWIWbeforesharingtheiropinion,whichstandsfor“forwhatit’sworth.”O(jiān)thersexpresstheirdisapprovalwiththelettersCMIIW.Thatis,“correctmeifI’mwrong.”ThelistofcommonlyabbreviatedphrasesontheNetisnearlyendless.Asamatteroffact,AAMOFstandsfor“asamatteroffact,”and“believeitornot”getspostedasBION.Arethereanypre-Information-Ageabbreviationsstillmakingtheroundsinthishigh-techeraYoubet.TheoldstandbysFYI,MYOBandSOPwhichstandsfor“foryourinformation,”“mindyourownbusiness,”and“standardoperatingprocedure”arestillfrequentlyusedtodayeveninemail.Sincetimeisgettingshort,hastheNetgivenustrulyshortandclearwaystosaygood-byeTryTAFN(that’sallfornow),andBCNU(beseein’you).CTimBerners-Leeinthe1980sinthe1990ontotheInternet10/100,00e-commercepeoplewithimaginationandnewideasTapescript:TimBerners-LeeisthemanwhowrotethesoftwareprogramthatledtothefoundationoftheWorldWideWeb./WhoInthe1980sscientistswerealreadycommunicatingusingaprimitiveversionofemail./WhenIn1990TimBerners-LeewroteprogramswhichformthebasisoftheWorldWideWeb./WhenIn1991hisprogramswereplacedontotheInternet./WhereBetween1991and1994thenumberofwebpagesrosefrom10to100,000./HowmanyRightnowtheworldisfocusedone-commerce./WhatTheinventionofthewebbringsrapidrewardstopeoplewithimaginationandnewideas./TowhomPartIIAA1:connectedsystemconnectionstationspeopleA2:ConnectionofrailroadsorothervehiclesConnectedsystemofradiostationsSystemlinkinganumberofcomputerstogetherTapescriptFewthingsinthisworldchangeasfastaslanguages.Everyday,newwordsarecreatedtodealwithnewideasornewtechnologies.Newmeaningsalsoareaddedtoexistingwords.Adictionarypublishedyearsagomayshowoneortwomeaningsforaword;adictionarypublishedtodaymaylistseveralmoremeaningsforthesameword.Networkisonesuchword.Itcombinestwowords.Thefirstis“net,”itmeansmaterialsthatareconnected;thesecondis“work”.Onemeaningof“work”isasystem.Networkmeansaconnectionofsystemsthatworktogether.Thesystemsthatnetworksconnectcanbeverydifferent.Forexample,radioandtelevisionstationscanbeconnectedinthenetwork,socancomputersandevenpeople.WordexpertMilfordMatthewfoundwrittenusesoftheword“network”inthelate1800s.Thewordthenwasusedasaverb,awordthatshowsaction.Atthattimenetworkmeanttheconnectionofrailroadsorothervehiclesusedfortravel.OnepublicationsaiditisonlyaquestionoftimewhentherailroadswillnetworkanareaoftheAmericanwestcalledthe“PanHandle”.Anotherpublicationofthetimesaidcompleteareasarenetworkedbytrolleycars,whichareakindofelectronictrain.Nowweoftenhearnetworkusedinconnectionswithbroadcasting.TheBarnhartDictionaryofNewEnglishsaysthatasearlyas1914,peopleusedittomeanaconnectedsystemofradiostations.Thismeaningcontinuestobepopular.Amoremodernuseoftheword“network”islinkedtocomputers.Anetworkisasystemthatlinksanumberofcomputerstogether.Networksmakeitpossibleforpeoplewhousecomputerstoshareinformationincostlyequipment.Manycompaniesandgovernmentagenciessharethesamecomputernetwork.Thecomputersarelinkedthroughamaincomputerorthroughspeciallines.Somepeopleareabletodotheirjobsfromtheirhomecomputers.Computernetworksalsopermitanexchangeofunofficialinformationanddiscussionsbetweencomputerusers.Bylinkingtheircomputerstotelephones,peoplecanbuygoodsthroughtheircomputers.Theycansendmessagestofriendsinmanycountries.Anothermodernuseoftheword“network”concernsrelationsbetweenpeople.Ideasandinformationareexchangedbypeoplewhonetworktoshareinterestsandgoals.ManyAmericansnetworktogetbetterjobsortomeetnewfriends.Meetingnewfriendsbynetworkingisnotworkthoughisfun.BB1b.gettingassignmentsandresearchpapersc.attendingprofessors’“virtualofficehours”d.courselecturesEntertainmentb.onlinegamesCommunicationsb.toll-freephonecallse-commerceordersB2TapescriptTheproposedmergerofAmericaOnlineandTimeWarneranticipatesanagewhenhigh-speedInternetaccessiseverything.Itwillbeapipelineforalmostalltheentertainment,communicationsandinformationthatpeopleconsume.ItisanerasodistanttomostAmericansthattheycanhardlyenvisionit.Andyeitalreadyexists.Infact,itistheonlyworldthattoday’scollegestudentsknow.CollegesacrosstheUnitedStateshavespenthundredsofmillionsofdollarsinrecentyearswiringdormitoriesforhigh-speedInternetaccess.Whenadmissionspeoplegooutandtalktostudentsthesedays,thestudentsalwaysask,“Doyouhaveahigh-speednetwork”Indeed,fortoday’sstudents,havinghigh-speedInternetaccessisatoppriority.Theybasetheirhousingdecisionsonit,andrestructuretheirmeagerstudentbudgetstoaffordit.Collegeadministratorsacknowledgethatacademicpursuitsarejustafractionoftheactivityontheircampusnetworks.Thebulkofthetrafficconsistsofdatacontainingmusicfiles,instantmessages,toll-freephonecalls,e-commerceorders,onlinegamesandjustaboutanything.Atahigh-risedormattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,walkingdownthehallwayontheeighthflooralmostanytimeofday,you’relikelytohearstudentsinseparateroomsshoutingateachother-“Youkilledme!”–astheymoweachotherdowninonlinegamesplayedoverthenetwork.Friendsfromoppositeendsofthefloorsimultaneouslymakefortheelevators.They’vejustmessagedeachotherbycomputerthatit’stimetoheadofftothediningcommons.Tothem,knockingonsomeone’sdoorisanantiquated20thToday’sstudentsregisterforclasses,gettheirhomeworkassignments,researchpapersandattendprofessors’“virtualofficehours”online.SomeuniversitiesevenpostcourselecturesontheNet,sothatstudentscanreviewthemanytimetheywish.Justasoneofthestudentsputit:“WeliveourlivesovertheInternet.”PartIIIA.1.thedesktopintooureverydaylife.2.experimentinganarchy.3.disappear.4.EconomiesTapescript:A-AnchorP-NetPotterS-SpecialistA:We’regonnatakeacloserlooktonightagainatthefutureoftheInternet.Notthatwehaveanythingbutthevaguestideawhereit’sgoinginthelongrun.OneofthetrulyfascinatingandsomewhatunsettlingaspectsoftheInternetrevolutionishowmanytechnologistsandscientistssaythatthefuturemayholdanynumberofsurprises.Sowe’regoingtoinchourwayintothefuture.P:AttheInternetWorldTradeShowinNewYork,theyseeafuturewhenthewebiseverywhere.S1:Technologyismovingfromthedesktopintooureverydaylife.P:Imaginework,society,economics,relationships,alltransformed,whenanyone,anytimecangetanymessageorknowledgeoramusementtheywant,anywhereontheplanetwithoutsomuchasawire.S2:Inmanyways,theInternetistheworld’slargestexperimentinganarchy,becauseallofasudden,thecitizensoftheworldareincharge,andnosinglegovernmentorgoverningbodyisinchargeofwhattheydo.P:Keepinmindthatthewe,transmittingbysatellites,cellphone,cable,goesthroughnoonecentrallocationthatanyonecontrols.Somanyoftheboundariesthatexisttoday,politicalandeconomic,willbestrainedasneverbefore.Somescientistssaythreequartersoftheworld’slanguageswilldisappearasthenetconnectsisolatedplaces.AlreadyEnglishiswhatyoufindonmostwebpages,blendingcultures,nomatterhowmuchpeopletrytosavethem.Economiesarechangingtoo.Asdistancebecomesmeaningless,white-collarclerical,accountingoradministrativejobsarebeingexportedtoAsia,justasblue-collarfactoryjobswereyearsago.S3:Imagine,thereare40or50millionIndians,nottomentiontheChinese,whocoulddeliverofficeworktotherichcountriesoftheworldfortwodollarsanhour.P:Sothismassivewebofinformationisbothanassetandathreat,changingcultures,economies,governments,inwaysnoonecanimagineorcontrol.B1persontoperson/realmanymorerealrelativesfriendsneighbors1.careerscolleagues2.medicalcrisesbyphone…4.choosingaschoolorcollegeB2morepeoplekeepingmoretoourselvesTapescript:There’saprofessorattheUniversityofTorontoinCanadawhohascomeupwithatermtodescribethewayalotofusNorthAmericansinteractthesedays.Andnowabigresearchstudyconfirmsit.BarryWellman’stermis“networkedindividualism”.It’snottheeasiestconcepttograsp.Infact,thewordsseemtocontradicteachother.HowcanwebeindividualisticandnetworkedatthesametimeYouneedotherpeoplefornetworks.Here’swhathemeans.UntiltheInternetandemailcamealong,oursocialnetworksinvolvedflesh-andbloodrelatives,friends,neighbors,andcolleaguesatwork.Someoftheinteractionwasbyphone,butitwasstillvoicetovoice,persontoperson,inrealtime.ButthelateststudybythePewInternetandAmericanLifeProjectconfirmsthatforalotofpeople,electronicinteractionthroughthecomputerhasreplacedagreatdealofsocialinterchange.AlotoffolksPewtalkedwithsaythat’sgoodthing,becauseofconcernsthattheInternetwasturningusintohermitswhoshutoutotherpeopleinflavorofamake-believeworldonflickeringcomputerscreens.Tothecontrary,thePewstudydiscovered.TheInternethasputusintouchwithmanymorerealpeoplethanwe’dhaveeverimagined.Helpfulpeople,too.We’returningtoanever-growinglistofcyberfriendsforadviceoncareers,medicalcrises,child-rearing,andchoosingaschoolorcollege.About60millionAmericanstoldPewthattheInternetplaysanimportantorcriticalroleinhelpingthemdealwithmajorlifedecisions.Sowenetworkedindividualsareprettytricky:We’rekeepingmoretoourselves,whileatthesametimereachingouttomorepeople,allwithjusttheclickofacomputermouse!PartIVdailycommunicationbroadcastprogramsinprintlisteningfailuredigitlossesignorereadIntensivetrainingregularcommassensitivitytonumbersUnit6PartⅠA1-(d)2-(a)3-(g)4-(b)5-(f)6-(e)7-(c)Paris/1932/BerlinTokyo1972TapescriptWomencompetedinOlympiceventsforthefirsttimeinParisin1900.In1924,thefirstwintergameswereheldinChamonix.In1932,thefirstOlympicvillagewasbuilttoaccommodateathletesinLosIn1936inBerlinTVcamerasbroadcastOlympiceventsforthefirsttime.The1956OlympicsinMelbournewerethefirstOlympicgamestobeheldinthesouthernhemisphere.TokyohostedthefirstAsianOlympicsin1964.In1972forthefirsttime,overonebillionTVviewerswatchedtheMunichOlympicopeningceremony.Bbaseballwatchgamesontelevisionorlistenontheradio/Americanfootballplaythesport/soccerTapescript:WhatisthemostpopularsportintheUnitedStatesThatmaybeanimpossiblequestiontoanswer.Therearedifferentmeaningsofthewords“mostpopular.”O(jiān)newaytomeasurethepopularityofasportisbythenumberofpeoplewhopaytowatchitplayedbyprofessionalteams.ExpertssaythemostpopularAmericansportbythatmeasureisbaseball.Eachprofessionalbaseballteamplays162gameseveryseason.Orthepopularityofasportcanbemeasuredbythenumberofpeoplewhowatchgamesonthetelevisionorlistenontheradio.ThentheanswermightbeAmericanfootball.Andthepopularityofasportcouldbemeasuredbythenumberofpeoplewhoplaythesportinsteadofjustwatchit.Theanswer,inthiscase,isthegamepeopleintheUnitedStatescallsoccer.Itsaysmorethan18millionpeopleplaysoccerintheUnitedStates.C1.(d)2.(b)3.(a)4.(e)5.(i)6.(c)7.(g)8.(b)9.(j)10.(f)Tapescript:Right,everybody.Standupstraight.Nowbendforwardanddowntotouchyourtoes–andup–anddown–andup.Armsbyyoursides.Raiseyourrightkneesashighasyoucan.Holdyourlegswithbothhandsandpullyourkneebackagainstyourbody.Keepyourbacksstraight.Nowloweryourleganddothesamewithyourleftknee–up–pulltowardsyou–anddown.Moveyourfeetfurtherapart,bendyourelbows,andraiseyourarmstoshoulderlevel.Squeezeyourfiststightlyinfrontofyourchest.Nowpushyourelbowsback–keepyourheadup!Andrelax…feettogether,andputyourhandsonyourhips.Nowbendyourkneesandstretchyourarmsoutinfrontofyou.Holdthatposition–nowup.Stretchyourarmstothesidesatshoulderheight,palmsup.Rotateyourarmsinsmallcircles–that’sright–andnowtheotherway.Nowstandwithyourhandsclaspedbehindyourneckandyourlegsapart.Bendovertotheleft,slowly,butasfarasyoucan.Andslowlyup.Anddowntotheright.Andup.Ok–ifwe’reallwarmedupnow,let’sbegin.PartⅡASection1a.friendly/warm/affectionateb.drunk/aggressive/scream/shout/push/peoplearound/smashglasses/monsters2.Hefindsitdifficulttounderstandwhynormal,nicepeoplebehavesobadlyatfootballmatches.Section2enjoythemselves/noaggressionorviolenceSection3rugby/tennisTheysittheresilentlythroughout.Tapescript:Section1M:Ihaveneighborswho,whoareverynice,friendly,warm,affectionatepeople,andIlivenearafootballground,Tottenham,andonSaturdayIavoidthem,becausetheycomebackfromthematchabout6o’clock,drunk,aggressive–theyscream,theyshout,and…aftertheworldcupFi-,aftertheworldcupwhenEnglandgotknockedout,Iwasinmylocalpubandtheycameinandtheystartedpushingpeoplearoundandsmashingglasses,andIwasreallyfrightenedandIwalkedout,andIdon’tunderstand,Ireallydon’tunderstandwhatitisaboutafootballmatchthatcanturnordinary,friendlypeopleintomonsters.Section2JE:Butdoyouthinkthat’ssoofalotoffootballfansImean,I’veheardotherpeoplesaythey’vegonetofootballmatchesandthere’sbeenabsolutelynotroubleintheterracesatall.Andpeoplehavebeen…satthere,youknow,quitehappy,opposingteamsnexttoeachother.J:Ohbutitobviouslydoeshappenalot.Imean,youseeitonthenews.WhathappenswhenBritishfansgotoEuropeThere’salwaystrouble,isn’tthereM:Well,butitis,it’snot…it’s…inbrazil,forexample,whereI’vealsobeentofootballmatches,peoplegotoenjoythemselves,andthere’snoaggressionorviolence,or…there’snothinglikethat.ItseemspeculiarlytoEnglandandafewothercountriesthatfootballprovidespeoplewiththeopportunitytoshowtheirmostviolent,aggressivenatures.Section3A:Butperhapsit’sjustafunctionofpeoplegettingtogetherincrowds,largegroupsofpeoplegettingintoenclosedspacestogether.J:Butlargecrowdsgotootherkindsofmatches–gotorugbymatches,gotoWimbledontowatchtennis…M:Gotopopconcerts…J:IftheygotoWimbledontowatchtennis,theysittheresilentlythroughout.A:Yes,butit’sinterestingthatoneofthesolutionsthatthepolicehave,thinkmightworkistohaveall-seatermatches,forexample,whereeverybody’sseated….Bgoodwillbetweenthenations/footballorcricket/onthebattlefield/internationalsportingcontests/competitive/littlemeaning/pickupsides/thefunandexercise/somelargerunit/aroused/schoolfootballmatch/theattitudeofthespectators/thenations/testsofnationalvirtuePartⅢA1.since19882.in20013.in19484.in19605.by20041.(c)2.(a)3.(d)4.(b)5.(e)Tapescript:TheOlympicsandtheParalympicsareseparatemovements.Buttheyhavealwaysbeenheldinthesameyear.Andsince1988,theyhavealsobeenheldinthesamecity.TheInternationalOlympicCommitteeandTheInternationalParalympicCommitteesignedanagreementin2001tosecurethisconnection.TheParalympicgamesgrewoutofasportscompetitionheldin1948inEngland.AdoctornamedLudwigGuttmannorganizeditfrommenwhosufferedspinalcordinjuriesinworldwartwo.Fouryearslater,itbecameaninternationaleventascompetitorsfromtheNetherlandstookpart.Then,in1960,thefirstParalympicswereheldinRome.Fourhundredathletesfrom23countriescompeted.By2004,theParalympicgamesinAthenshadalmost4,000athletesfrom136countries.B1.wheelchairtennisandbaseball2.teachallkindsofsportstodisabledpeopletryasortasiftheyweredisabledfortheParalympics3.theabilitytomovehislegs4.hisbodyandmindagain5.wirelessearphonesvisualinterpretersTapescriptTheOlympicsandtheParalympicsareseparatemovements.Buttheyhavealwaysbeenheldinthesameyear.Andsince1988,theyhavealsobeenheldinthesamecity.TheInternationalOlympicCommitteeandTheInternationalParalympicCommitteesignedanagreementin2001tosecurethisconnection.TheParalympicgamesgrewoutofasportscompetitionheldin1948inEngland.AdoctornamedLudwigGuttmannorganizeditfrommenwhosufferedspinalcordinjuriesinworldwartwo.Fouryearslater,itbecameaninternationaleventascompetitorsfromtheNetherlandstookpart.Then,in1960,thefirstParalympicswereheldinRome.Fourhundredathletesfrom23countriescompeted.By2004,theParalympicgamesinAthenshadalmost4,000athletesfrom136countries.Athletesmayhavephysicalormentallimitations;theymaybeblindorinwheelchairs.Yetsometimestheyperformbetterthanathleteswithoutdisabilities.Wheelchairtennisisapopularsport.Soisbasketball.Infact,therearemorethan100professionalteamsplayingwheelchairbasketball.Specialwheelchairsforathletesarelightweightanddesignedforquickmoves.Forpeoplewhowanttogoreallyfastintheirchairs,thereisapowerwheelchairracingassociation.InthestateofUtahthereisaplacecalledthenationalabilitycenter.Itteachesallkindsofsportstopeoplewithallkindsofphysicalandmentaldisabilities.Itevengivesfriendsandfamilymembersachancetotryasportasiftheyweredisabled.AreporterfromtheWashingtonpostwantedtoknowwhatitwouldbelikeforablindpersontouseaclimbingwall.So,protectedbyasafetyline,thenewspaperreporterclosedhiseyesandstartedtofeelforplacestoputhishandsandfeet.Trainersonthegroundurgedhimon;“takeyourtime.Youcandoit.”Finallyhereachedthetop.Atthenationalabilitycenterpeoplecanlearntoridehorsesandmountainbikes.Theycantrywintermountainsports,andlearnscubadivingandotherwateractivities.Thecenteralso