大多數(shù)受過教育的人說話或?qū)懽鲿r使用的英語就是正確的課件

LectureThirteenTranslationofAttributive&AdverbialClausesLectureThirteenTranslationof1

I.ReviewandcommentsontheassignmentsII.TranslationofattributiveclausesIII.TranslationofadverbialclausesIV.summaryV.AssignmentsVI.ReferencesforfurtherreadingTeachingProceduresI.Reviewandcomments21.Whateverfromisusedbythemajorityofeducatedspeakersorwritersiscorrect;orasSweetputsit,“Whateverisingeneraluseinalanguageis,forthatreason,grammatically,correct.”

大多數(shù)受過教育的人說話或?qū)懽鲿r使用的英語就是正確的英語，或如斯威特所說：“凡是語言中廣泛使用的說法（僅僅這一理由）都可以認(rèn)為在語法上是正確的?！?.Noonewilldenythatwhatwehavebeenabletodointhepastfiveyearsisespeciallystrikinginviewofthecrisiswhichweinheritedfromthepreviousgovernment.

考慮到上屆政府遺留下來的危機(jī)，我們在過去5年里所能取得的成績尤為顯著，這是沒人可否認(rèn)的。I.Reviewandcommentsontheassignments1.Whateverfromisusedbyth3.IthasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedbyspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.

據(jù)估計(jì)，英國一年內(nèi)被蜘蛛所消滅的全部昆蟲的總量，要超過這個國家所有人的重量總和。4.Hepouredintohiswritingallthepainsofhislifeandtheconvictionithadbroughttohimthattheworldcouldbemadeabetterplacetoliveiniftheexploitedwouldriseup.

他在作品里傾訴了自己一生的痛苦和這種痛苦個他帶來的一種信念，認(rèn)為如果被剝削的人們起來反抗，世界就會變得美好。I.ReviewandcommentsontheassignmentsI.Reviewandcommentsonthe5.Therehaslongbeenasuperstitionamongmarinersthatporpoiseswillsavedrowningmenbypushingthemtothesurface,orprotectthemfromsharksbysurroundingthemindefensiveformation.

很久以來，海員中有一種迷信，認(rèn)為海豚會把快死的人推到水面把他們救起，或者在溺水人周圍形成防御隊(duì)形，保護(hù)他們不受鯊魚傷害。6.Mybrotherisnotwhatheusedtobe.

我弟弟不是他從前的那個樣子了。（我弟弟變了。）7.Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.

過去認(rèn)為不可能的事現(xiàn)在變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。I.Reviewandcommentsontheassignments5.Therehaslongbeenasuper8.Itisn’tmuchwhetherheworks,thequestioniswhetherheworksatall.

他干多少并不重要，問題是他到底有沒有干。9.Thisishowtheyweredefeated.

他們就是這樣給打敗的。10.Iwondernotwhetherweshallbeintimeforthelastbusbutwhetherwe’llbeabletogetfrontseats.

我知道我們趕上最后一班公共汽車是沒有問題的，但不知能否有靠前的座位。I.ReviewandcommentsontheassignmentsI.Reviewandcommentsonthe

①Inhisclassicnovel,“ThePioneers”,JamesFenimoreCooperhashishero,alanddeveloper,takehiscousinonatourofthecityheisbuilding.②Hedescribesthebroadstreets,rowsofhouses,ateemingmetropolis.③Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildered.④Allsheseesisaforest.⑤“Wherearethebeautiesandimprovementswhichyouweretoshowme?”sheasks.⑥He’sastonishedshecan’tseethem.⑦“Where!Whyeverywhere,”hereplies.⑧Forthoughtheyarenotyetbuiltonearth,hehasbuilttheminhismind,andtheyareasconcretetohimasiftheywerealreadyconstructedandfinished.

I.Reviewandcommentsontheassignments在其經(jīng)典小說《開拓者》中，詹姆士．庫伯讓主人公，一個土地開發(fā)商，帶他的表妹參觀正在由他承建的一座城市。他描述了寬闊的街道，林立的房屋，熱鬧的都市。他的表妹環(huán)顧四周，大惑不解。她所看見的只是一片樹林?！澳阆胱屛铱吹哪切┟谰昂透脑炝说牡胤皆谀脙海俊彼龁柕?。他見表妹看不見那些東西，感到很驚訝?！澳膬海康教幎际前。　彼鸬?。雖然那些東西還未建成在大地上，但他已在心中將他們建好了。對他來說，他們都是實(shí)實(shí)在在的，宛如已建成竣工一樣。

①Inhisclassicnovel,

①CooperwasillustratingadistinctlyAmericantrait,future-mindedness:theabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointofthefuture;thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmoreemotionallyattachedtothingstocome.②AsAlbertEinsteinoncesaid,“LifefortheAmericanisalwaysbecoming,neverbeing.”庫伯這里闡明的是一種典型的美國人特性：著眼于未來，即能夠從未來的角度看待現(xiàn)在；可以自由地不為過去所羈絆，而在情感上更多地依附于未來的事物。正如阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦曾經(jīng)說過的那樣：“對美國人來說，生活總是在發(fā)展變化中，從來不會靜止不變。”I.Reviewandcommentsontheassignments

①Cooperwasillustratinga1.Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinmortalfearofhim.

在他手下干活的人對他都怕得要死。2.Pollutionisapressingproblemwhichwemustdealwith.

污染是我們必須解決的一個迫切問題。3.ThisisthereasonwhyIamnotinfavorofrevisingtheplan.

這就是我不贊成修改計(jì)劃的原因。A.譯成前置定語(合譯法)II.TranslationofAttributiveClauses1.Thepeoplewhoworkedforh4.“HowcouldagreatpaperliketheWashingtonPost,fullofbrillianteditors,getsoinvolvedinitsownconceitandarrogancetopursueastorywhichitsownstaffwassayingwasfabricatedfromthebeginning?”

像《華盛頓郵報》這樣一家擁有許多出色編輯的大報，為何自以為是和高傲自大到如此地步，竟然追求一篇連自己的編輯人員從一開始也認(rèn)為是虛構(gòu)的報道？”A.譯成前置定語(合譯法)II.TranslationofAttributiveClauses4.“Howcouldagreatpaper5.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.

他常常聚精會神地做工作，這時他會廢寢忘食。Thesun,whichhadhiddenallday,nowcameoutinallitssplendor.

那個整天躲在云層里的太陽，現(xiàn)在又光芒四射地露面了。7.ButMiggle’slaugh,whichwasveryinfectious,brokethesilence.

但密格爾的富有感染力的笑聲打破了寂靜。8.Hewroteabook,whichisabouteconomics.

他寫了一本經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的書。II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesA.譯成前置定語(合譯法)5.Whendeeplyabsorbedin9.JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.

七八月是天氣很熱的月份。10．Intheroomwheretheelectroniccomputeriskept,theremustbenodustatall.

在存放電子計(jì)算機(jī)的房間，不能有一點(diǎn)灰塵。11..ImustmakefulluseofthetimethereislefttomeanddoasmuchasIcanforthepeople.

我要充分利用我剩下的歲月，盡量為人民多做些事情。12.Acarwhichisinmotionhaskineticenergy.

正在開動的車子具有動能。II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesA.譯成前置定語(合譯法)9.JulyandAugustarethemon1．Afuelisamaterialwhichwillburnatareasonabletemperatureandproduceheat.

燃料是一種物質(zhì)，在適當(dāng)溫度下能燃燒并放出熱量。2．Newtoninventedapaperlanternilluminatedbyacandlewhichhecarriedwithhimtolighthiswaytoschoolondarkwintermorning.

牛頓發(fā)明了一只蠟燭的紙燈籠，在昏暗的冬天早晨上學(xué)時帶著燈籠照路。3．Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.

我們把郊游推遲到下星期，到那時我們不會這么忙了。B.譯成并列分句（分譯法）II.TranslationofAttributiveClauses1．Afuelisamaterialwhich4．Inpowerstations,coaloroilisburnedandchangedintoelectricity,whichisthensentovertohomesandfactories.

在發(fā)電站里，煤和油燃燒變成電，然后電沿著導(dǎo)線輸送到住家和工廠。5．Shewasnotunconscious,ascouldbejudgedfromhereyes.

她沒有失去知覺，這從她的眼睛可以看出來。B.譯成并列分句（分譯法）II.TranslationofAttributiveClauses4．Inpowerstations,coaloro6．Nearlyeveryoneknowsthestoryof“thedogthatworriedthecatthatcaughttheratthatatethegrainthatlayinthehousethatJackbuilt.”

幾乎人人都知道這個故事：“杰克蓋了房，房里堆了糧，耗子把糧吃光，貓把耗子抓傷，狗又把貓逼上房。”II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesB.譯成并列分句（分譯法）II.TranslationofAttributive7.Theprocessbywhichenergyischangedfromoneformintoanotheriscalledthetransformationofenergy.

能量從一種形式變?yōu)榱硪环N形式，這一過程稱為能量轉(zhuǎn)換。8.Theywereshortofstickstomakeframesfortheclimbingvines,withoutwhichtheyieldwouldbehalved.

他們?nèi)贝钇咸鸭艿臈U兒，沒有桿搭架子，葡萄產(chǎn)量就會減少一半。B.譯成并列分句（分譯法）II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesB.譯成并列分句（分譯法）II.Translation1．Therearemanypeoplewhowanttoapplyfortheposition.

有很多人想應(yīng)聘這個崗位。2．Fortunatelytherearesomechemicalfuelsthatarecleanandsmokeless.

幸好有些化學(xué)燃料是潔凈無煙的。4．Weusedaplaneofwhichalmosteverypartcarriedsomeidentificationofnationalidentity.

我們駕駛的飛機(jī)幾乎每一個部件都有國籍的某些標(biāo)志。II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesC.混合譯法II.TranslationofAttributive5.YoucompareherwithyourEnglish---womenwhowolfdownfromthreetofivemeatmealsaday;andnaturallyyoufindherasylph.

你們英國女人每天狼吞虎咽地吃上三粲到五粲的肉食，你們拿她來比她們，當(dāng)然覺得她是窈窕仙女了。6.TheacidtestisexpectedtocometodayorearlynextweekwhenabillgoesbeforetheU.S.CongressforapprovalofthesaleofUS$60millionworthofsparepartstoTaiwan.

出售價值六千萬美元的零件給臺灣的法案將在今天或下周初提交美國國會批準(zhǔn)，屆時嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)就要到來了。7.Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.

樓下有人要見你。II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesC.混合譯法II.TranslationofAttributive1.Mancan’tliveonthemoon,wherethereisnoairorwater.

人不能月球上生活，因?yàn)槟抢餂]有空氣和水。（譯成原因狀語從句）2.Electricalenergythatissuppliedtoalampcanbeturnedintolightenergy.

當(dāng)把電供給電燈時，它就會變成光能。（譯成時間狀語從句）3.Nothingisdifficultintheworldforanyone,whodarestoscaletheheight.

世上無難事，只要肯登攀。（譯成條件狀語從句）D．譯成狀語從句:II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesD．譯成狀語從句:II.TranslationofAt4.Themanufactureofthisequipmentisaverycomplexone,whichtookusalotoftime.

這一儀器的生產(chǎn)非常復(fù)雜，結(jié)果花了我們很多時間。5.Hewishestowriteanarticle,whichwillattractpublicattentiontotheairpollutioninthiscity.

他想寫一篇文章，以此來引起公眾對這座城市空氣污染的關(guān)注。（譯成目的狀語從句）6.HelikesMissNancyverymuch,whodespiseshim.

盡管南希小姐很討厭他，他卻很喜歡她。（譯成讓步狀語從句）D．譯成狀語從句:II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesD．譯成狀語從句:II.TranslationofAt7.Einstein,whoworkedoutthefamousTheoryofRelativity,wontheNovelPrizein1921.

愛因斯坦由于提出了著名的“相對論”，于1921年獲得了諾貝爾獎。（原因）8.Wehavetooilthemovingpartsofthemachine,thefrictionofwhichmaybereducedgreatly.

我們必須給機(jī)器的可動部件加油，以便使摩擦大大減少。（目的）9.Howcananyonehopetobeaqualifiedteacher,whodoesn’tknowwhatthestudentsarethinkinganddemanding?

一個教師如果不知道他的學(xué)生在想什么，需要什么，怎能指望成為一個合格的教師呢？條件）TranslationofAttributiveClauses7.Einstein,whoworkedoutth10.Electroniccomputers,whichhavemanyadvantages,can’tcarryoutcreativeworkandcompletelyreplacepeople.

盡管電子計(jì)算機(jī)有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是它們不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性的工作，也不能代替人。（讓步）11.Iknockedatthedooroftheredhouse,whichopenedrightaway.（結(jié)果）

我敲了敲那座紅房子的門，那門就立即開了。D．譯成狀語從句:II.TranslationofAttributiveClauses10.Electroniccomputers,whic1.Lighttravelsinstraightlines,whichexplainswhyshadowsareformedwhenitgoespastanobject.

光以直線傳播，這說明光經(jīng)過物體時形成陰影的原因。2.Tofindthepressurewedividetheforcebytheareaonwhichitpresses,whichgivesustheforceperunitarea.

要求壓強(qiáng)，則把力除以它所作用的面積，從而得出單位面積上的力。3．Metalshavemanygoodproperties,ashasbeenstatedbefore.

金屬有很多良好的性能，這在前面已經(jīng)講了。4．Asisknowntous,dieselenginesarecheapertorunthangasolineengines.

正如我們所知，使用柴油機(jī)比使用汽油機(jī)便宜。E.特種定語從句的翻譯II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesE.特種定語從句的翻譯II.Translationof5．Heisaprofessor,asisclearfromhismanner.

他是個教授，這可以從他的舉止上明顯地看出來。6.Theyturnedadeafeartoourdemands,whichenragedallofus.

他們對我們的要求置之不理，這是我們大家都十分生氣。7.Thethief,whowasabouttoescape,wascaughtbythepolicemen.

小偷正要逃跑時，被警察給抓住了。II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesE.特種定語從句的翻譯II.TranslationofAttributiveIII.TranslationofAdverbialClausesA.前置譯法1．Whileshespoke,tearswererunningdown.她說話時，淚水直流。2．Pleaseturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.離屋時請關(guān)燈。3．Whereverthereismatter,thereismotion.哪里有物質(zhì)，哪里就有運(yùn)動。III.TranslationofAdverbialIII.TranslationofAdverbialClauses4．Itwasbetterincasetheywerecaptured.要是把他們捉到了，那就更好了。5．WhileIgranthishonesty,Isuspecthismemory.雖然我對他的誠實(shí)沒有異議，但我對他的記憶力卻感到懷疑。6．Nomatterwhatmisfortunebefellhim,healwayssquaredhisshouldersandsaid:“Nevermind,I’llworkharder.”不管他遭受什么不幸事兒，他總是把胸一挺，說：“沒關(guān)系，我再加把勁?！?/p>

A.前置譯法III.TranslationofAdverbialIII.TranslationofAdverbialClauses7．Thevalueofhealthisnotesteemeduntilitislost.人要到失去了健康，才知道健康的可貴。8．ThoughIwerestarving,Iwouldnotaskafavorofhim.我縱然餓死，也不去向他求助。A.前置譯法III.TranslationofAdverbialIII.TranslationofAdverbialClausesB.后置譯法1．Thesteelisheateduntilitbecomesred.將鋼加熱到發(fā)紅。2．Weshouldstartearlysothatwemightgettherebeforenoon.我們應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)動身，以便中午前趕到那里。Icouldunderstandhispointofview,inthatI’dbeeninasimilarposition.我能夠理解他的觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲易约阂灿羞^類似的處境。III.TranslationofAdverbialIII.TranslationofAdverbialClausesB.后置譯法4．Electricityflowsthroughawirejustaswaterflowsthroughapipe.電流通過導(dǎo)線，正像水流過管子一樣。5．Youcandrivetonightifyouareready.你今晚可以出車，如果你愿意的話。（這種歐式句型經(jīng)借用以后，已經(jīng)成了漢語的一種組句方式，并為中國讀者所接受，但譯成這樣的句式要視上下問的語境，千萬不可刻意為之，如使用不當(dāng)，效果截然相反。）III.TranslationofAdverbialIII.TranslationofAdverbialClausesC.譯成分句1．Thetaperecorderissosmallthatyoucancarryitinyourpocket.這臺錄音機(jī)體積小，可以把它放在衣袋里。2．Theysethimfreewhenhisransomhadnotyetbeenpaid.他贖金還沒有交，他們就把他放了。3．Shesangasshepreparedtheexperiment.她一邊唱歌，一邊準(zhǔn)備實(shí)驗(yàn)。III.TranslationofAdverbialIII.TranslationofAdverbialClausesC.譯成分句4．Becausehewasconvincedoftheaccuracyofthisfact,hestucktohisopinion.他深信這件事正確可靠，因此堅(jiān)持己見。5．IstillthinkthatyoumadeamistakewhileIadmitwhatyousay.就算你說得對，我仍然認(rèn)為你做錯了。6．Afterall,itdidnotmatter,becausein24hours,theyweregoingtobefree.反正關(guān)系不大，二十四小時以后他們就要自由了。III.TranslationofAdverbialIII.TranslationofAdverbialClausesC.譯成分句7．Whenwewereabouttogetawayapolicecarcametothefrontdoor.我們正準(zhǔn)備離開，一輛警車來到前門。8．Shipswerebuilt,andkeptthoroughlyefficient,somuchsothatthecountryremainedsafeforverymanyyears.兵艦造出來了，而且發(fā)揮了充分的效能，國家得以多年太平無事。9．Mostcometsaresodimthattheycannotbeseenbythenakedeye.大多數(shù)慧星都很暗，肉眼是看不見的。III.TranslationofAdverbialIV.SummaryA.TranslationofAttributiveClauses1)譯成前置定語(合譯法)2)譯成并列分句（分譯法）3)混合譯法4)譯成狀語從句5)特種定語從句的翻譯B.TranslationofAdverbialClauses1)前置譯法2)后置譯法3)譯成分句IV.SummaryA.TranslationofASentencestranslationinyourhandoutsPassagestranslationinyourhandoutsV.AssignmentsSentencestranslationinyour1.古約編著.挑戰(zhàn)翻譯.西安：西安交通大學(xué)出版社，20082.范仲英編著.實(shí)用翻譯教程（第一版）.北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，2005.3.郝麗萍等編著.實(shí)用英漢翻譯理論與實(shí)踐（第一版）.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2006.4.葉子南著.高級英漢翻譯理論與實(shí)踐（第一版）.北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2001.5.陳秋勁編著.英漢互譯理論與實(shí)踐（第一版）.湖北：武漢大學(xué)出版社，2005.VI.Referencesforfurtherreading1.古約編著.挑戰(zhàn)翻譯.西安：西安交通大學(xué)出版ThanksforYourAttentionTheEndThanksforYourAttentionTheE36LectureThirteenTranslationofAttributive&AdverbialClausesLectureThirteenTranslationof37

I.ReviewandcommentsontheassignmentsII.TranslationofattributiveclausesIII.TranslationofadverbialclausesIV.summaryV.AssignmentsVI.ReferencesforfurtherreadingTeachingProceduresI.Reviewandcomments381.Whateverfromisusedbythemajorityofeducatedspeakersorwritersiscorrect;orasSweetputsit,“Whateverisingeneraluseinalanguageis,forthatreason,grammatically,correct.”

大多數(shù)受過教育的人說話或?qū)懽鲿r使用的英語就是正確的英語，或如斯威特所說：“凡是語言中廣泛使用的說法（僅僅這一理由）都可以認(rèn)為在語法上是正確的?！?.Noonewilldenythatwhatwehavebeenabletodointhepastfiveyearsisespeciallystrikinginviewofthecrisiswhichweinheritedfromthepreviousgovernment.

考慮到上屆政府遺留下來的危機(jī)，我們在過去5年里所能取得的成績尤為顯著，這是沒人可否認(rèn)的。I.Reviewandcommentsontheassignments1.Whateverfromisusedbyth3.IthasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedbyspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.

據(jù)估計(jì)，英國一年內(nèi)被蜘蛛所消滅的全部昆蟲的總量，要超過這個國家所有人的重量總和。4.Hepouredintohiswritingallthepainsofhislifeandtheconvictionithadbroughttohimthattheworldcouldbemadeabetterplacetoliveiniftheexploitedwouldriseup.

他在作品里傾訴了自己一生的痛苦和這種痛苦個他帶來的一種信念，認(rèn)為如果被剝削的人們起來反抗，世界就會變得美好。I.ReviewandcommentsontheassignmentsI.Reviewandcommentsonthe5.Therehaslongbeenasuperstitionamongmarinersthatporpoiseswillsavedrowningmenbypushingthemtothesurface,orprotectthemfromsharksbysurroundingthemindefensiveformation.

很久以來，海員中有一種迷信，認(rèn)為海豚會把快死的人推到水面把他們救起，或者在溺水人周圍形成防御隊(duì)形，保護(hù)他們不受鯊魚傷害。6.Mybrotherisnotwhatheusedtobe.

我弟弟不是他從前的那個樣子了。（我弟弟變了。）7.Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.

過去認(rèn)為不可能的事現(xiàn)在變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。I.Reviewandcommentsontheassignments5.Therehaslongbeenasuper8.Itisn’tmuchwhetherheworks,thequestioniswhetherheworksatall.

他干多少并不重要，問題是他到底有沒有干。9.Thisishowtheyweredefeated.

他們就是這樣給打敗的。10.Iwondernotwhetherweshallbeintimeforthelastbusbutwhetherwe’llbeabletogetfrontseats.

我知道我們趕上最后一班公共汽車是沒有問題的，但不知能否有靠前的座位。I.ReviewandcommentsontheassignmentsI.Reviewandcommentsonthe

①Inhisclassicnovel,“ThePioneers”,JamesFenimoreCooperhashishero,alanddeveloper,takehiscousinonatourofthecityheisbuilding.②Hedescribesthebroadstreets,rowsofhouses,ateemingmetropolis.③Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildered.④Allsheseesisaforest.⑤“Wherearethebeautiesandimprovementswhichyouweretoshowme?”sheasks.⑥He’sastonishedshecan’tseethem.⑦“Where!Whyeverywhere,”hereplies.⑧Forthoughtheyarenotyetbuiltonearth,hehasbuilttheminhismind,andtheyareasconcretetohimasiftheywerealreadyconstructedandfinished.

I.Reviewandcommentsontheassignments在其經(jīng)典小說《開拓者》中，詹姆士．庫伯讓主人公，一個土地開發(fā)商，帶他的表妹參觀正在由他承建的一座城市。他描述了寬闊的街道，林立的房屋，熱鬧的都市。他的表妹環(huán)顧四周，大惑不解。她所看見的只是一片樹林。“你想讓我看的那些美景和改造了的地方在拿兒？”她問道。他見表妹看不見那些東西，感到很驚訝?！澳膬?？到處都是?。　彼鸬?。雖然那些東西還未建成在大地上，但他已在心中將他們建好了。對他來說，他們都是實(shí)實(shí)在在的，宛如已建成竣工一樣。

①Inhisclassicnovel,

①CooperwasillustratingadistinctlyAmericantrait,future-mindedness:theabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointofthefuture;thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmoreemotionallyattachedtothingstocome.②AsAlbertEinsteinoncesaid,“LifefortheAmericanisalwaysbecoming,neverbeing.”庫伯這里闡明的是一種典型的美國人特性：著眼于未來，即能夠從未來的角度看待現(xiàn)在；可以自由地不為過去所羈絆，而在情感上更多地依附于未來的事物。正如阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦曾經(jīng)說過的那樣：“對美國人來說，生活總是在發(fā)展變化中，從來不會靜止不變?！盜.Reviewandcommentsontheassignments

①Cooperwasillustratinga1.Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinmortalfearofhim.

在他手下干活的人對他都怕得要死。2.Pollutionisapressingproblemwhichwemustdealwith.

污染是我們必須解決的一個迫切問題。3.ThisisthereasonwhyIamnotinfavorofrevisingtheplan.

這就是我不贊成修改計(jì)劃的原因。A.譯成前置定語(合譯法)II.TranslationofAttributiveClauses1.Thepeoplewhoworkedforh4.“HowcouldagreatpaperliketheWashingtonPost,fullofbrillianteditors,getsoinvolvedinitsownconceitandarrogancetopursueastorywhichitsownstaffwassayingwasfabricatedfromthebeginning?”

像《華盛頓郵報》這樣一家擁有許多出色編輯的大報，為何自以為是和高傲自大到如此地步，竟然追求一篇連自己的編輯人員從一開始也認(rèn)為是虛構(gòu)的報道？”A.譯成前置定語(合譯法)II.TranslationofAttributiveClauses4.“Howcouldagreatpaper5.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.

他常常聚精會神地做工作，這時他會廢寢忘食。Thesun,whichhadhiddenallday,nowcameoutinallitssplendor.

那個整天躲在云層里的太陽，現(xiàn)在又光芒四射地露面了。7.ButMiggle’slaugh,whichwasveryinfectious,brokethesilence.

但密格爾的富有感染力的笑聲打破了寂靜。8.Hewroteabook,whichisabouteconomics.

他寫了一本經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的書。II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesA.譯成前置定語(合譯法)5.Whendeeplyabsorbedin9.JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.

七八月是天氣很熱的月份。10．Intheroomwheretheelectroniccomputeriskept,theremustbenodustatall.

在存放電子計(jì)算機(jī)的房間，不能有一點(diǎn)灰塵。11..ImustmakefulluseofthetimethereislefttomeanddoasmuchasIcanforthepeople.

我要充分利用我剩下的歲月，盡量為人民多做些事情。12.Acarwhichisinmotionhaskineticenergy.

正在開動的車子具有動能。II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesA.譯成前置定語(合譯法)9.JulyandAugustarethemon1．Afuelisamaterialwhichwillburnatareasonabletemperatureandproduceheat.

燃料是一種物質(zhì)，在適當(dāng)溫度下能燃燒并放出熱量。2．Newtoninventedapaperlanternilluminatedbyacandlewhichhecarriedwithhimtolighthiswaytoschoolondarkwintermorning.

牛頓發(fā)明了一只蠟燭的紙燈籠，在昏暗的冬天早晨上學(xué)時帶著燈籠照路。3．Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.

我們把郊游推遲到下星期，到那時我們不會這么忙了。B.譯成并列分句（分譯法）II.TranslationofAttributiveClauses1．Afuelisamaterialwhich4．Inpowerstations,coaloroilisburnedandchangedintoelectricity,whichisthensentovertohomesandfactories.

在發(fā)電站里，煤和油燃燒變成電，然后電沿著導(dǎo)線輸送到住家和工廠。5．Shewasnotunconscious,ascouldbejudgedfromhereyes.

她沒有失去知覺，這從她的眼睛可以看出來。B.譯成并列分句（分譯法）II.TranslationofAttributiveClauses4．Inpowerstations,coaloro6．Nearlyeveryoneknowsthestoryof“thedogthatworriedthecatthatcaughttheratthatatethegrainthatlayinthehousethatJackbuilt.”

幾乎人人都知道這個故事：“杰克蓋了房，房里堆了糧，耗子把糧吃光，貓把耗子抓傷，狗又把貓逼上房?！盜I.TranslationofAttributiveClausesB.譯成并列分句（分譯法）II.TranslationofAttributive7.Theprocessbywhichenergyischangedfromoneformintoanotheriscalledthetransformationofenergy.

能量從一種形式變?yōu)榱硪环N形式，這一過程稱為能量轉(zhuǎn)換。8.Theywereshortofstickstomakeframesfortheclimbingvines,withoutwhichtheyieldwouldbehalved.

他們?nèi)贝钇咸鸭艿臈U兒，沒有桿搭架子，葡萄產(chǎn)量就會減少一半。B.譯成并列分句（分譯法）II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesB.譯成并列分句（分譯法）II.Translation1．Therearemanypeoplewhowanttoapplyfortheposition.

有很多人想應(yīng)聘這個崗位。2．Fortunatelytherearesomechemicalfuelsthatarecleanandsmokeless.

幸好有些化學(xué)燃料是潔凈無煙的。4．Weusedaplaneofwhichalmosteverypartcarriedsomeidentificationofnationalidentity.

我們駕駛的飛機(jī)幾乎每一個部件都有國籍的某些標(biāo)志。II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesC.混合譯法II.TranslationofAttributive5.YoucompareherwithyourEnglish---womenwhowolfdownfromthreetofivemeatmealsaday;andnaturallyyoufindherasylph.

你們英國女人每天狼吞虎咽地吃上三粲到五粲的肉食，你們拿她來比她們，當(dāng)然覺得她是窈窕仙女了。6.TheacidtestisexpectedtocometodayorearlynextweekwhenabillgoesbeforetheU.S.CongressforapprovalofthesaleofUS$60millionworthofsparepartstoTaiwan.

出售價值六千萬美元的零件給臺灣的法案將在今天或下周初提交美國國會批準(zhǔn)，屆時嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)就要到來了。7.Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.

樓下有人要見你。II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesC.混合譯法II.TranslationofAttributive1.Mancan’tliveonthemoon,wherethereisnoairorwater.

人不能月球上生活，因?yàn)槟抢餂]有空氣和水。（譯成原因狀語從句）2.Electricalenergythatissuppliedtoalampcanbeturnedintolightenergy.

當(dāng)把電供給電燈時，它就會變成光能。（譯成時間狀語從句）3.Nothingisdifficultintheworldforanyone,whodarestoscaletheheight.

世上無難事，只要肯登攀。（譯成條件狀語從句）D．譯成狀語從句:II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesD．譯成狀語從句:II.TranslationofAt4.Themanufactureofthisequipmentisaverycomplexone,whichtookusalotoftime.

這一儀器的生產(chǎn)非常復(fù)雜，結(jié)果花了我們很多時間。5.Hewishestowriteanarticle,whichwillattractpublicattentiontotheairpollutioninthiscity.

他想寫一篇文章，以此來引起公眾對這座城市空氣污染的關(guān)注。（譯成目的狀語從句）6.HelikesMissNancyverymuch,whodespiseshim.

盡管南希小姐很討厭他，他卻很喜歡她。（譯成讓步狀語從句）D．譯成狀語從句:II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesD．譯成狀語從句:II.TranslationofAt7.Einstein,whoworkedoutthefamousTheoryofRelativity,wontheNovelPrizein1921.

愛因斯坦由于提出了著名的“相對論”，于1921年獲得了諾貝爾獎。（原因）8.Wehavetooilthemovingpartsofthemachine,thefrictionofwhichmaybereducedgreatly.

我們必須給機(jī)器的可動部件加油，以便使摩擦大大減少。（目的）9.Howcananyonehopetobeaqualifiedteacher,whodoesn’tknowwhatthestudentsarethinkinganddemanding?

一個教師如果不知道他的學(xué)生在想什么，需要什么，怎能指望成為一個合格的教師呢？條件）TranslationofAttributiveClauses7.Einstein,whoworkedoutth10.Electroniccomputers,whichhavemanyadvantages,can’tcarryoutcreativeworkandcompletelyreplacepeople.

盡管電子計(jì)算機(jī)有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是它們不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性的工作，也不能代替人。（讓步）11.Iknockedatthedooroftheredhouse,whichopenedrightaway.（結(jié)果）

我敲了敲那座紅房子的門，那門就立即開了。D．譯成狀語從句:II.TranslationofAttributiveClauses10.Electroniccomputers,whic1.Lighttravelsinstraightlines,whichexplainswhyshadowsareformedwhenitgoespastanobject.

光以直線傳播，這說明光經(jīng)過物體時形成陰影的原因。2.Tofindthepressurewedividetheforcebytheareaonwhichitpresses,whichgivesustheforceperunitarea.

要求壓強(qiáng)，則把力除以它所作用的面積，從而得出單位面積上的力。3．Metalshavemanygoodproperties,ashasbeenstatedbefore.

金屬有很多良好的性能，這在前面已經(jīng)講了。4．Asisknowntous,dieselenginesarecheapertorunthangasolineengines.

正如我們所知，使用柴油機(jī)比使用汽油機(jī)便宜。E.特種定語從句的翻譯II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesE.特種定語從句的翻譯II.Translationof5．Heisaprofessor,asisclearfromhismanner.

他是個教授，這可以從他的舉止上明顯地看出來。6.Theyturnedadeafeartoourdemands,whichenragedallofus.

他們對我們的要求置之不理，這是我們大家都十分生氣。7.Thethief,whowasabouttoescape,wascaughtbythepolicemen.

小偷正要逃跑時，被警察給抓住了。II.TranslationofAttributiveClausesE.特種定語從句的翻譯II.TranslationofAttributiveIII.TranslationofAdverbialClausesA.前置譯法1．Whileshespoke,tearswererunningdown.她說話時，淚水直流。2．Pleaseturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.離屋時請關(guān)燈。3．Whereverthereismatter,thereismotion.哪里有物質(zhì)，哪里就有運(yùn)動。III.TranslationofAdverbialIII.TranslationofAdverbialClauses4．Itwasbetterincasetheywerecaptured.要是把他們捉到了，那就更好了。5．WhileIgranthishonesty,Isuspecthismemory.雖然我對他的誠實(shí)沒有異議，但我對他的記憶力卻感到懷疑。6．Nomatterwhatmisfortunebefellhim,healwayssquaredhisshouldersandsaid:“Nevermind,I’llworkharder.”不管他遭受什么不幸事兒，他總是把胸一挺，說：“沒關(guān)系，我再加把勁?！?/p>

A.前置譯法III.TranslationofAdverbialIII.TranslationofAdverbialClauses7．Thevalueofhealthisnotesteemeduntilit