人教版八年級上冊Unit3-4單元知識點總結復習課程

Unit3-4知識點總結及檢測【教學目標】1?熟練單詞和短語用法2?掌握形容詞比較級最高級用法3?掌握相關重點詞匯【知識梳理】知識點講解與練習形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級意義英語中大多數形容詞（性質形容詞）、副詞是可以分等級的，一般有三個等級：原級，比較級和最高級。形容詞、副詞的本來形式就是形容詞的原級。如：Johnisatallboy.兩者間進行比較用到形容詞比較級。如:JimistallerthanJohn.三者或者三者以上進行比較用形容詞的最高級。如：Mikeisthetallestofthethreeboys.注：（形容詞最高級前面要加定冠詞the）如:longlongerlongest原級比較級最高級Theblackpenisverylong.黑色的鋼筆很長。Thebluepenislongerthantheblackone.藍色的鋼筆比黑色的長。Theredpenisthelongestofthethree.紅色的鋼筆是三支中最長的。列表如下：構成法原級比較級最咼級一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不發(fā)音的e結尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數以-le結尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerargernicestlargest以一個輔音字母結尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫結尾的輔音字母，再加-er,-estbig（大的）hot（熱的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以輔音字母+y”結尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er，-esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest

少數以-er，-ow結尾的雙曰節(jié)詞末尾加-er，-estclever（聰明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more,most來構成比較級和最高級important（重要的）easily（容易地）moreimportantmoreeasilymostimportantmosteasily不規(guī)則變化：6）有少數形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。列表如下：原級比較級最咼級good好的better更好的best最好的well好;（身體）好的,bad,badly糟糕的，糟糕地worse更糟糕的，更糟糕地；（身體）更不舒服的worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；（身體）最不舒服的ill（身體）不舒服的many許多的（可數）more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的（不可數）；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠的；遠地farther更遠的；更遠地farthest最遠的；最遠地further進一步的（地）furthest最深刻的（地）old老的older年齡較大的；較舊的oldest年齡最大的；最舊的elder僅表兄弟姊妹之間的長幼eldest僅表兄弟姊妹之間的長幼形容詞最高級的用法1.形容詞的最高級用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比較，其中有一個在某一方面超過其他幾個。如：Mondayisthebusiestdayforus.對我們來說，星期一是最忙碌的日子。Judyrunsmostquicklyofthefourgirls.在四個女孩中，朱迪跑得最快。2?使用形容詞最高級時，句中往往會出現由in或of構成的介詞短語，用以說明范圍。in表示在某一范圍內，of表示屬性，意為“某一類中的”。of表示比較的對象屬于同一范疇；in則表示不屬于同一范疇。如：Johnistheheaviestofall.約翰是所有人中最重的。Maryisthemostbeautifulgirlinherclass.瑪麗是她班上最漂亮的女孩。形容詞最高級的句型結構形容詞最高級的句型結構是“主語+動詞+形容詞最高級+of（in）+其他”。如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.上海是中國最大的城市。形容詞最高級的常見考點形容詞的最高級前面一般要加定冠詞the,而副詞的最高級前面定冠詞the可以省略。但若形容詞最高級前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格限制時，則不能再加定冠詞the。如：Thetallestboyjumps(the)highestinhisclass.最高的那個男孩在他班上跳得最高。(tall為形容詞，最高級前要加the；high在此為副詞，最高級前可不加the)Ericishisoldestson.艾瑞克是他最大的兒子。佝中的oldest前有形容詞性物主代詞限制，不能再加the)常見的用來表示范圍的介詞有in,of,among。in表示環(huán)境范圍，通常用于在一定范圍內的比較，后面常常接表示區(qū)域、時間、單位、團體等的名詞或代詞，并且后面的名詞和主語不是同一概念的范疇。如：LondonisthebiggestcityinBritain.倫敦是英國最大的城市。of用來表示對象范圍，一般用于同類事物之間的比較，且of后面的名詞與主語是同一概念的范疇。如：He'sthemostintelligentofallthestudents.在所有學生中，他是最聰明的。⑶among用于在多數同類事物中(通常為三者以上)進行比較，表示其中之最，后面一般接名詞或代詞。同of一樣，也表示對象范圍，因此among與of有時可互換使用。“oneof+the+最高級+可數名詞復數”結構表示“在中最之一”，是中考常見考點。如：Thisisoneofthemostbeautifulflowersinthegarden.這是花園里最漂亮的花之一。比較級與最咼級之間的轉換：(1)改寫為：比較級+thananyother+可數名詞單數。如：WeiHuaisthemostathleticboyinhisclass.—WeiHuaismoreathleticthananyotherboyinhisclass.魏華是他班上最健美的男孩。⑵改寫為：比較級+than+theother+可數名詞復數或比較級+thantheothertwo。如：Robertisthebeststudentintheschool.—Robertisbetterthan(anyof)theotherstudentsintheschool.羅伯特在學校是最好的學生。Thiscomputeristhemostexpensiveofthethree.—Thiscomputerismoreexpensivethantheothertwo.這臺電腦是三臺中最貴的。最咼級前有時可以加序數詞，表示“第個最的”。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黃河是中國第二長河。二、重要詞匯No,Iamalittletallerthanher.alittle：muchalotabit：far：any：no等可以+比較級2?TaraworksashardasTina.塔拉學習跟蒂娜一樣努力?！???(not)as+形容詞或副詞原級+as???”是一種原級比較，意思為“......和......(不)一樣”。1)???notas+形容詞或副詞原級+as???表示雙方在某個方面不同。如：HisEnglishisnotasgoodashers.他英語不如她的好。Hedoesn'tworkashardashisbrother.他沒有他哥哥工作努力。2）as+形容詞或副詞原級+as表示雙方在某個方面一樣。如：Sheisastallasme.她跟我一樣高。Irunasfastashedoes.我跑得跟他一樣快。3?辨析beat/win相同點：都是動詞，表示“贏”不同：beat+人/win+比賽，競賽，戰(zhàn)爭等名詞。如：Weplayedverywell,andbeatthem.我們發(fā)揮得很好，擊敗了他們。Theywonthematchthistime.這次他們贏了這場比賽。4?careabout意為“關心；在意”，期中care是動詞如：Weshouldcareabouttheoldpeople我們應該關心老年人。carefor表示“喜歡”，“關心”之意，后接名詞或v-ing形式作賓語,takecareof也有這個意思。Hecarednothingforskating.他對滑冰沒有興趣。Inourclass,wecareforeachother.在我們班上，我們相互關心。Mariatakesgoodcareofeverybody.瑪麗亞很關心大家?！居亚殒溄印縞arefor還可以表示“照顧”，“照料”，相當于takecareof或lookafter。Atnighthefedandcaredforthecattle.夜里他照料牲口，給牲口喂食。Youmustcareforyourselves.=Youmustlookafteryourselves.你們要照顧好自己。Thechildrenarewellcaredforinthenurseries.=Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthenurseries.孩子們在托兒所受到很好的照顧。5.Ithinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh我認為好朋友能使我開心。牢記：makesb.dosth.使某人做某事make+賓語+形容詞使某人某事怎樣如：Ourteachermakesusworktenhoursaday我們老師讓我們一天學習10個小時。Hiswordsmakeushappy.他的話使我們感到很高興。6.1aughatsb.笑話；取笑（某人）如：Don'tlaughatme!不要取笑我！7.They'rebothtall.他們兩個都是高個子。bothadjjprom/adv.兩個都用在be動詞后，行為動詞前。Youarebothtooyoung./TheybothspeakEnglish.Bothof+名詞復數（復數謂語）Bothoftheflowersarebeautiful.兩朵花都很漂亮。both...and...兩者都（復數謂語）反義詞組：neither...nor…兩者都不（謂語單復數按照就近原則)【友情鏈接】both與allboth指代兩者；all指代三者或三者以上如：Myparentsarebothfine。我父母都好。Weareallhere。我們都在這兒。common的用法【教材例句】Alltheseshowshaveonethingincommon...(P29)所有的這些節(jié)目都有一個共同特征Eg.Thecoupleseemstohavenothingincommon.這對夫婦好像沒有什么共同點。allkindsof的用法【教材例句】Allkindsofpeoplejointheseshows.(P29)各種各樣的人都參加這些節(jié)目?！居梅ā縜llkindsof意為“各種各樣的；各種類型的”，kind在此用作可數名詞，意為“類別；種類”。常用短語有：akindof一種；differentkindsof不同種類的。Eg.ThereareallkindsofbooksinShenzhenLibrary.深圳圖書館里有各種各樣的書?！就卣埂?1)kind還可用作形容詞，意為“和藹的；親切的；善良的”。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你能幫我真是太好了。(2)kindof意為“有幾分；有點兒”，常修飾形容詞。如：Wefeelkindofcoldhereintheroom.在這個房間里我們感覺有點冷。beupto的用法【教材例句】That'suptoyoutodecide.(P29)那由你自己來決定?！居梅ā縝eupto意為“是的職責；由決定”，是一個習慣用語。beuptosb.todosth.意為“應由某人做某事”，常用于it作形式主語的句子中，有時也用this或that作主語。Eg.Lifeprovidesyouwithtimeandspace.It'suptoyoutofillit.生命只給你時間與空間。如何填滿它是你自己的事情。playarole的用法【教材例句】Whenpeoplewatchtheshow，theyusuallyplayaroleindecidingthewinner.人

們看這樣的節(jié)目時，通常承擔著評判優(yōu)勝者的角色?！居梅ā縫layarole是一種固定表達，意為“發(fā)揮作用；有影響”。若要進一步引出具體的內容，后面應用介詞in表示，意為“在某事或某個方面起到作用或承擔某種角色”，同義短語為playapartin。Eg.Ifyougothere,youwillplayarole.如果你去了那兒，你會發(fā)揮作用的。makeup的用法【教材例句】Somethinkthatthelivesoftheperformersaremadeup.(P29)有些人認為表演者的身世是編造出來的。，彌補；補充；補足匸［化妝；打扮］Jmakeup

的含義」Eg.1)It'snottrue.Shemadeitup.這不是真的。是她編造出來的。Thecommitteeismadeupofsixwomen.委員會由六位婦女組成。Hisintelligencemadeupforhislackofpersonalcharm.他的智慧彌補了他的容貌缺陷。Shemadeupforthepartofanoldwoman.她化妝扮演成一個老婦人?！就卣埂颗cup相關的短語stay呷熬夜；不繇覺turnup調髙*出現Jqgrmvupstay呷熬夜；不繇覺turnup調髙*出現Jqgrmvup長大；成熟；成誼］beupto是的職焉giveup放棄宀take...seriously的用法【教材例句】However,ifyoudon'ttaketheseshowstooseriously,theyarefUntowatch.但是如果你不把這些節(jié)目太當回事，它們還是有看頭的。【用法】take...seriously意為“認真對待”。Eg.Weshouldn'ttakemoneytooseriously.我們不應該把金錢看得太重。【拓展】與take相關的短語

takecarecif朋顧；助:料jtakwul取Hi;■?府出丿+gkuil仙町為：緊張］takecarecif朋顧；助:料jtakwul取Hi;■?府出丿+gkuil仙町為：緊張］丿【特色講解】、單項選擇［也ku日own耳卜一：直卜Itakeaftersh.（外貌或行為｝相像（■父或母）takeoff起飛;匆匆離養(yǎng)；急忙離斤()l.SheistalentedmusicbutIamgoodsports.in,atB.at,inC.at,atD.in,in()2.LiHua'sshoesareasasZhangHui's.cheapB.cheaperC.thecheaper()3..—Areyourelaxingyourselfhere?一Yes.Itistowalkslowlyalongtheriver.fantasticB.boringC.BadD.terrible()4.It'sveryimportantforhimmelaugh.tomakeB.makingC.makesD.made()5.oudon'tgiveup(放棄)，yourdreamswillcometrue.AslongasB.AssoonasC.AswellasD.Asoftenas()6.Sheissimilarhermother.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.toB.withC.ofD.in()7.Idon'treallycareifmyfriendsarethesamemeordifferentme.A.as,asB.from,fromC.as,fromD.from,as()8.Ifyouwanttobeastudenthelper,pleasecallhim443—5667.A.atB.inC.ofD.on()9.Thisismyfriend.HeislessoutgoingthanIam.A.muchB.muchmoreC.moreD.very()10.MrBeanenjoysjokesandoftenmakesus.A.totell,tolaughB.tells,laughC.telling,laughD.telling,laughing()11.Taraandhersisterquietandtheysports.A.areboth,bothlikeB.areboth,likebothC.bothare,bothlikeD.bothare,likeboth()12.Ifyouwanttobeastudenthelper,youmustbegoodchildren.A.atB.withC.forD.in()13.heisveryyoung,hecandomanythings.A.Though,butB.Though,/C./,thoughD.But,though()14.Tomcanplaydrums,butSamcanplaytennis.A.the,theB.the,/C./,theD./,/()15.Lily'sbooksarenewthan.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours【當堂練習】基礎演練一、根據句意及首字母或中文提示完成單詞Mydaughtershowsa(天賦)inmusic.Thisquestionseemseasy，butnot(每個人)cananswerit.Ourteacheralwaysencouragesustobe(倉U造性的).LiTaowonthefirstpinthehandwritingcompetition.Youshouldtaketheexamss.Don'tbecareless.一Whatdoyouthinkofourcity(到目前為止)？一Verygood.Icanseealmost各種各樣的)thingshere.二、用所給單詞的適當形式填空These(magician)areallfromChina.IthinkYangXiaodansingsless(beautiful)thanLiXin.Whowasthelast(win),Jimmy,JackorLinda?Tomenjoys(listen)totheradioeverymorning.Mr.Suisthe(poor)ofalltheteachers,butheisthe(hard-working).一Whoisthe(win)ofIamasingerin2013?一Sorry,Idon'tknow.Mymothertoldmethething(serious),soIdidn'tknowwhattodo.一Didyoutellhimaboutthatcase?一Heworkedso(care)thathedidn'thearwhatIsaid.Thenext(perform)isBen,andhewillplayapianopiece.Somestudentsinourschoolaretruly(talent).鞏固提高三、完形填空AnEnglishtravellerfoundthathehadonlyLtobuythetickettogobackhome.Asheknewthatitwould2—himonlytwodaysto3toEngland,hedecidedthathecouldeasilydo4.Soheboughtaticketandtheship.Itwastimelunch.Hedidn'tgotohaveit.Intheevening,hesaidthathedidn'tfeelJandwenttobedearly,thenextdayhewas_8_hungrythathecouldn'tstand(忍受)itL.“I'mgoingtoeat,"hesaid.“Eveniftheythrowme10thesea."Afterheateeverythingthewaiter(侍者)putinfrontofhimandhewasreadyforthecomingtrouble.“Bringmethebill(賬單)，"hesaid.“Thebill,sir?"saidthewaiter.“Thereisn'tanybill."Wastheanswer.“Ontheshipmealsareincluded(包括)inthemoneyfortheticket."()1.A.moneysenoughB.alotofmoneyC.enoughmoneyD.enoughmoneys()2.A.spendB.carryC.bringD.take

()3.A.gettoB.arriveC.reachD.get()4.A.withfoodB.withoutfoodC.withfoodsD.withoutfoods()5.A.gotinB.gotonC.gotoffD.gotat()6.A.toB.haveC.forD.fora()7.A.troubleB.wellC.goodD.better()8.A.tooB.soC.suchD./()9.A.notanylongerB.nolongerC.anylongerD.nolong()10.A.intoB.onC.inD.onto【當堂檢測】一、單項選擇。()1.一Excuseme.Whereisthepostoffice?一Sorry,Idon'tknow.I'mnewtown.A.inB.onC.atD.from()2.It'sfuntalentshows.A.watchB.towatchC.watchedD.watches()3.CouldIaskyouquestionsyourservice?A.some;withB.any;aboutC.any;onD.some;about()4.Ourcityisbecoming.moreandmostbeautifulmorebeautifulandmorebeautifulmoreandmorebeautifulbeautifulandbeautiful()5.()5.——It'stoohard.thewoodenchair?A.WhatdoyoulikeC.WhataboutA.WhatdoyoulikeC.WhataboutHowdoyoulikeD.Howabout()6.Wateristhecheapestdrink.AnditisalsoA.healthierhealthiestA.healthierhealthiestthehealthierD.thehealthiest()7.ComehereatChristmas!Youcanbuyclothesinayear.A.thecheapestB.cheapertheworstD.worse()8.Davidisstudentinourclass.Nobodyisthanhim.A.taller;tallestB.taller;tallC.tallest;tallerD.thetallest;taller()9.Peopleinthistownareall,butlittleAlice'sfamilyisofall.A.busy;busyB.thebusiest;busyC.thebusiest;thebusiestD.busy;thebusiest()10.TheChangjiangRiveristhethirdintheworld.A.longriverB.longriversC.longestriversD.longestriver

二、根據漢語意思補全下列句子，每空一詞這家電影院有最好的音響。Thismovietheaterhas.影視城等待的時間最短。ScreenCityhasthe.那是離你家最近的郵局嗎？Isthatpostofficeyourhome?4?你可以在鑫鑫服裝店買到最便宜的衣服。YoucanbuyclothesinXinxinClothesStore.5.哪家電臺播放最無聊的歌曲？Whichradiostationsongs?三、閱讀理解AOursummerholidayslasttwomonths.Inthelastweekoftheholidayswegetreadyforschool.Webuypencils,pens,paper,newbooksandcopybooks.Onthefirstdayofschoolweseeallouroldfriendsagainandwetelloneanotherabouttheholidays.Afterthatwegointoclass.Itishardtokeepquiet(安靜的)andpayattention(注意)totheteacher.Healwayssayswithalaugh,“Youforget(忘記)moreintwomonthsthanyoulearninayear."()l.Wehaveofsummerholidays.A.aboutsevenweeksB.twomonths()2.IttakesusaweektoA.aboutsevenweeksB.twomonths()2.Ittakesusaweekto.A.buybooksC.gotoschool()3.Wetell.A.ourfriendsabouttheholidaysC.ourfriendsabouttheteacher()4.Wecan'tlistentotheteacheraweekD.twoweeksbuypensandpencilsgetreadyforschoolourteacherabouttheholidaysD.theteacheraboutourfriends'holidaysA.quietB.carefulC.quietlyD.nothard()5.Theteachersaysthat.A.weforgettoomuchB.welearnmuchinayearwelearnverymuchintwomonthsD.wewilllearnmoreinayearMrWhitewasatthewindowofatraininastation.HewasgoingtoNewYork,andhewasveryangry.Thetrainbeganmovingandanoldportercametothewindow.MrWhiteshoutedangrilyattheporter,“Igaveyoumyluggage(行李)anhourago,butyouhaven'tputitinthetrain.Whyisn'tithere,andwherehaveyouputit？TheporterlookedatMrWhiteandsaid,“Ilookedforyoueverywhere,butIdidn'tfindyou.Yourluggageisn'tasfoolishasyouare.You'reinthewrongtrain.ThisoneisgoingtoWashington."()l.MrWhitewasangrybecausehe.A.hadhisluggagestolenB.couldn'tfindhisluggageC.didn'tliketheporterD.foundthetrainbeganmoving()2.MrWhitedidn'tknow.A.wheretogoB.hisluggagewaslosthewasinthewrongtrainD.foundthetrainbeganmoving()3.Inthestory,waswrong.A.theporterB.thetrainC.somethingD.MrWhite()4.Theporterlookedforeverywhere.A.theluggageB.MrWhiteC.thetrainD.something()5.MrW