選擇小型農(nóng)用旋耕機機械外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

SelectingaRotaryGardenTillerTherightrotarytillercanmakethejobofgardeningmucheasier,butifyouchoosethewrongtillerforthejob,itcanmakeyourjobmoredifficult.Tillersrangeinsizefromsmallhand-heldmodelstothoseweighingseveralhundredpounds,withcorrespondingdifferencesincapacity.Thereareseveralfactorstoconsiderinselectingthebesttillerforyourjob.SizeSeveralcompaniesoffersmall,hand-heldrotarytillers,typicallywith2-cycleengines.Theselittletillershavestar-shapedbladesinsteadofseparatetines.Theyaresuitableforlight-dutytillingsuchascultivatingsmallvegetableorflowergardens.Theyarenarrowandcangetintotightplaces.Theywillnottilldeeply,norwilltheyhandlemuchsurfacetrash.Othergardentillersrangefrom3-5hpfront-tinemodelsto8-10hprear-tinemodels.Somesemi-commercialrear-tinemodelsareevenmorepowerful.Thelargerunitshavetillingwidthsof20-26inchesandcancut6-8inchesdeepunderidealconditions.FrontorRearTinesRotarytillerscanhavethetinesinfrontofthewheels(front-tine)orbehindthewheels(reartine).Thetwostylesoverlapinsize(horsepowerandtillingwidth).Thewheelsonfront-tinemodelsareusuallynotpowered,butthewheelsonrear-tinemodelsusuallyare.Thetinesareusuallycoveredwithashieldonarear-tinetiller,butexposedonafront-tinetiller.Largerrear-tinetillerswillhavetheendsofthetineassemblyaswellasthetopshielded.Mostrear-tinetillersprovideaflapordragatthereartokeepfeetoutofthetinesandtolevelthetilledsoil.Thepoweredwheelsontherear-tinetillershelpholdthetillerbackandprovideamoreuniformspeed,whileyouwillhavetocontrolthespeedoffront-tinemodelsbybruteforce.Depthcontrolisgenerallyeasierwitharear-tinetillersincethedepthcontroldragbarisgenerallyeffective.Onfront-tinemodelsadragbarisusuallyprovided,butmostdepthcontrolcomesfromhowyouholdthetiller.Withafront-tinetiller,itisalmostalwaysnecessarytowalkrightbehindthetillerinthefreshlytilledgroundwhilefightingtocontrolthemachine.Witharear-tinetiller,itisoftenpossibletowalktooneside,controllingthetillerwithonehand,andthusavoidwalkinginthetilledsoil.Soiltilthisalmostalwaysbetterwitharear-tinetiller.Rear-tinemodelsaremoreexpensivebutwellworththeextracost.DriveTypeTillertinescanbedrivenbyashaftorachain.Theclutchingmechanismcanbeanactualclutchorclutchingcanbeaccomplishedbyslackeningabeltdrive.Manyrear-tinetillerswillhavetwoormoreforwardspeedsaswellasreverse.Inmanycases,itisnecessarytoholdthereversecontrolinplacewhilegoingbackward,butsometillersallowyoutoshiftintoreverseandoperatejustasyouwouldinforward.Thelatterdesignislesssafe.ForwardorReverseTineRotationMosttillershavethetinesmovinginaforwarddirection;inotherwords,thetinesrotateinthesamedirectionasthewheels.Sometillersturnthetinesinreverse.Themanufacturerswhoofferreversetinesclaimthatthereverserotationismoreeffectiveatbreakingupsod;however,reversetinerotationshouldbeavoidedfromthesafetystandpoint.Withforward-rotatingtines,ifthetines"grab"onaroot,rock,stump,etc.,thetillerwilljumpforward-thusawayfromyou.Withreverserotation,ifthetines"grab"onanything,thetillerwilljumpbackward-withtherotatingtinescomingatyourfeetandlegs!Also,ifyouaremaneuveringintightquarters-inafencecornerornexttoabuildingthetillercancomebackatyou,pinyouagainsttheobstacleandinjureyou.Forwardrotationismuchsafer,andyoushouldnotpurchaseoruseareverse-rotationmodel.Reversetinerotationshouldbeusedonlyontractor-mountedtillers.QualityTillers,likeotherlawnandgardenequipment,areavailableindifferentlevelsofqualityfromdifferentmanufacturers.Aqualitytillercaneasilycosttwotothreetimesasmuchasacomparablysizedcheaptiller.Sincetillersareworkhardunderadverseconditions,ahighqualitymodelisgenerallyagoodinvestment.ErgonomicsTherearebigdifferencesintheergonomicsoftillers.Sometillersthatatfirstseemtobesimilarmay,infact,havedifferentergonomics.Someclutchesaremucheasiertousethanothers,somereversemechanismsaremucheasiertoengagethanothers,somedepthcontrolsareeasytomoveandsomerequiretoolsandastruggle,someoperatorpresencecontrols(OPCs)areeasytouseandsomearenot.Tryoutatillerortalktoanownerbeforebuyingatiller.Itishardtoevaluateergonomicswhilelookingatatillerinastore(oracatalog);ittakespersonalexperiencetoseparatethegooddesignsfromtheawkwarddesigns.Remember,ifyouhaveasmallgardenyoumaybebetteroffwithagoodgardenspadeandascufflehoe,andthuseliminatethecostandmaintenancehasslesofatiller.Ifyoureallydoneedatiller,arear-tinemodelismucheasiertouseanddoesabetterjob.Asmall,hand-heldtillermaybesatisfactoryforsmalljobs.UseofaRotaryGardenTillerWhetheryoubuy,rentorborrowatiller,youwillfindthatithasmanyuses.Insomecountries,particularlyinSoutheastAsiawherefarmsaresmall,arotarytillerisageneralpurposefarmtool.Itcanbeageneralpurposegardentoolforyou.AttachmentsSometillerscanbefittedwithattachmentstodojobsotherthangardentilling.Someofthesmallhand-heldmodelscanbeequippedwithdethatchingtinesorrotarybrushes.Someofthelargerrear-tinetillerscanhandleasnow/dirtbladeoramiddlebuster(lister);andcanhavetheentiretillerassemblyreplacedwithasicklebarmower,ashredder/grinderorevenagenerator.Theseattachmentscanbeuseful,butmaynotworkaswellasseparatemachines.Youhavetodecidewhetherthiscapabilitywillbeusefulforyou.Pre-paringtheGardenRotarytillerscanbeusedforprimarytillage(workingupthegardeninthespring),secondarytillage(breakingupclodsandpreparingthesoilforplanting)andforcultivationwhilethecropisgrowing.Underidealconditions,onepasswiththetillermayprovidebothprimaryandsecondarytillage,leavingagoodseedbed.Underotherconditions,multiplepassesmaybeneededtochopupexistingvegetationandthenpreparetheseedbed.Ifvegetationisheavy,itisoftenhelpfultomakeoneortwopassesandthenleaveitaloneuntilafterthenextrainbeforetillingagain.Thisprocesswillhelpthevegetationtobreakdown.Primarytillagerequirestheslowestspeed(lowestgear)available,butyoucansometimesuseahighergearforsecondarytillage.Youshouldalwaysrunyourtilleratfullenginerpmandthenshiftupordownasneeded.GardenCultivationTillerscanbeeffectiveatcultivatingaroundcrops,andthecultivationcanusuallybedoneatahighergroundspeedthanyouwoulduseforprimaryorsecondarytillage.Becarefultouseaveryshallowdepthsettingwhencultivatingtoavoiddamagingcroproots.Itisbesttoavoidwalkingonthecultivatedgroundsinceweedswillgerminateand/orre-establishbetterinyourfootprints.GrowingandIncorporatingOrganicMatterArotarytillercancontributetothehealthofyourgardensoilbyincorporatingcovercropsandgreenmanurecrops.Inourclimate,itisdifficulttoincreaseorganicmatterpermanenly,butyoucanimprovestructureandtilthbyincorporatingvegetationand/orcompost.Atillercanalsobeusedinplantingcovercrops.Afteraseedbedisprepared,youcanbroadcastseedandthenrunthetilleroverthegroundathighspeedandminimumdepthtocovertheseeds.Atillerismosteffectiveatcoveringlargerseedssuchaspeas.Smallcovercropseedssuchasryegrassmaybecoveredtoodeeplybyatiller;rakingordraggingismoreeffectiveforsmallseeds.MiddlebustingProbablythemostusefulaccessoryforyourtillerisawidesweepormiddlebuster(sometimescalleda"furrower").Thistoolattachestotherearofthetiller(withthetinesstillinplace)andallowsyoutodigashallowfurrow.Twoadjacentpasseswithasweepormiddlebusterwillthrowuparaisedbed,whichcanbeimportantinmanypartsofLouisiana.Youcanthenlevelthetopoftheraisedbedandplantyourcropsthere.ThefurrowfromasinglepassisidealforplantingIrishpotatoes.Youcanthenrunthesweepbesidetherowtocoverthepotatoseedandagainlatertothrowsoilupontheplants.Youcanthrowsoilonsweetcornrootsthesameway.TrenchingTillersalsohaveusesoutsideofthegarden.Atillercanbehelpfulwhendiggingaditchortrench.Justrunthetillerovertheditchlinetoloosenthesoil,thenshovelouttheloosenedsoilandrepeatuntilyoureachthedesireddepth.Tillersareusefulgardenhelpers.Itisdifficulttomanagealargegardenwithoutone.Properusecanmakeyourgardeningexperiencemorepleasantandproductive.RotaryTillerSafetyandMaintenanceTogetthebestperformanceandlongevityfromyourtiller,youneedtomaintainitproperly.Youalsoneedtobeawareofsomeofthedangersinvolvedinusingatillerandtakestepstoprotectyourselfandothers.EngineMaintenanceYouwillneedtomaintaintheengineonyourtillercarefully.Becauseyourtilleroperatesindustanddirt,oilandfilterchangesaremorecriticalthanforlawnmowersandmostotherlawnandgardenmachines.Attheveryminimum,youshouldchangetheoilafter50hoursofuseoratleastonceayear.Iftheoillooksdirty,changeitmoreoften.Keepanygreasefittingsproperlylubricated.Checktheoilinthegearcaseorchaincase,andaddasneeded.Youraircleanerwillneedtobecleanedorreplaceoften-perhapsasoftenasafter1-2hoursofuseindustyconditions.Occasionally,youwillneedtobloworbrushthedustanddirtoutofthecoolingfinsontheengineandflywheel.TillerMaintenanceOneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoforyourtilleristokeepitclean.Washthetiller,particularlythetinesandhousing,aftereachuse(becarefulnottospraywateronahotengine!).Forcontinuedeffectiveness,youwillneedtoreplacethetineswhentheybecomeworndown.Youmayoccasionallyneedtoadjustthecontrollinkages.Seeyourowner’smanualforinstructions.Yourtiresshouldbemaintainedattherecommendedpressure.End-of-seasonStorageLikemanypiecesoflawnandgardenequipment,tillersareusedseasonallyandthenstoredforthewinter.Itisagoodideatochangetheoilbeforestoringthem.Youshouldeitherrunthegasolinetankdryorfillitwithfreshgascontainingastabilizer.Checkthesparkplugandregaporreplaceifneeded.Ifyouarestoringthetillerforseveralmonths,itisagoodideatosquirtateaspoonfulorsoofcleanengineoilintothesparkplugholeandthenpullthestarterropetorotatethecrankshaftatimeortwobeforereplacingthesparkplug.Besuretouseatorquewrenchtotightenthesparkplugs.Manysmallenginesaremadeofaluminum,anditisveryeasytostripthethreadswhentighteningthesparkplug.Cleanorreplacetheairfilter.Checktheoilinthegearcaseorchaincaseandrefill(orreplaceifdirty).Besurethetilleriscleanbeforestorage,thenstoreitoutoftheweather.Besureitisnotstoredindirectsunlight,becausetheUVlightwilldegradethetires.SafetyTillertinesareaggressive!Theycanchewupahandorfootjustaseasilyasapatchofbermudagrass.Stayawayfromrotatingtines!Keepbystanders,particularlychildren,awayfromtillers.Watchoutforroots,stumps,rocks,buriedpipes,etc.thatmightcausethetillerto"grab"andjump.Evenifitjumpsawayfromyou,itcancauseasprainedback.A200-poundtillerleapingforwardcanreallyjerkanoperator.Avoidareaswhereelectricorgaslinesmightbeburied.Mosttillersnowhaveoperatorpresencecontrols(OPCs)whichconsistofaleverorhandlethatmustbeheldinplacewhileoperatingortheenginewilldie(orthetinesstoprotating).Don’ttrytodefeattheOPConatiller.Itistheretoprotectyou.Remember,yourtillerworkshardundersomedirtyconditions.Youwillneedtobeconscientiousaboutmaintenancetoovercometheeffectsofthetillingenvironment.Remember,too,thattillersarepotentiallydangerous.Treatthemwithrespect.選擇小型農(nóng)用旋耕機選擇了合理的旋耕機能使你的田間作業(yè)事半功倍，相反，如果你選擇了不合適的旋耕機，那么你的田間工作只能事倍功半了。旋耕機的尺寸系列從手扶式小型農(nóng)用旋耕機到幾百磅的大型農(nóng)用旋耕機種類繁多，并且各有各的用途，你應(yīng)當(dāng)從多方面考慮選擇對你最有幫助的旋耕機。尺寸很多公司提供了小型、手提式、及典型2-循環(huán)發(fā)動機旋耕機，這些小型旋耕機用星形刀片代替齒狀刀片。它們適合輕負(fù)載的耕種，例如，在小菜園或花園里耕作。它們耕作時既不會耕太深也不揚起很大的塵土。其它的小型旋耕機系列從3-5馬力的前置式到8-10馬力的后置式旋耕機不一。一些半貿(mào)易型后置式旋耕機的馬力甚至更大。大型旋耕機的耕寬為20-26英寸，并且在理想條件下耕深能達(dá)到6-8英寸。前置或后置式旋耕機旋耕機有的彎刀在輪子前面，有的在輪子后面，這兩種樣式在參數(shù)（馬力和耕寬）上重疊。輪子在前刀軸上的通常動力不大，而在后刀軸上的動力卻很大。彎刀經(jīng)常被后置的防護(hù)罩遮擋，相反，前置式卻暴露在外面。大型后置式旋耕機將刀柄像防護(hù)罩一樣集中在一起，大部分后置式旋耕機帶有防護(hù)罩和拖板，以防止腿腳受傷或泥土濺出。當(dāng)你通過蠻力來控制前置式旋耕機后退時，后置式旋耕機刀軸上的動力輪幫助你拉著機器以一個恒定的速度后退。耕深的控制對于后置式旋耕機來說非常容易，它通過控制拉桿來有效的控制耕深。前置式旋耕機也有拉桿，但是耕深往往要你自己來完成。用前置式旋耕機，你需要努力的控制機器并且走在合適的地方，以免踩到剛耕過的土地。用后置式旋耕機，需要你走在一邊單手扶著它，這樣是為了避免踩到剛耕過的土地上，用后置式耕過的土地比前置式耕過的要好。多花點錢買一臺貴一點的后置式旋耕機是很劃算的。驅(qū)動類型旋耕機的彎刀是通過聯(lián)軸器傳動到刀軸或鏈上的動力驅(qū)動的。很多后置式旋耕機有2個或更多的前進(jìn)或倒退速度，在很多情況下，旋耕機要前進(jìn)時必須靠人操縱倒退，但是很多旋耕機有換檔裝置，可以換成反轉(zhuǎn)就像前進(jìn)時一樣，但是后一種設(shè)計部適很安全。彎刀的正轉(zhuǎn)與反轉(zhuǎn)很多旋耕機只能向前進(jìn)方向移動，換言之，彎刀的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向與輪子旋轉(zhuǎn)方向一致。一些旋耕機能把彎刀旋轉(zhuǎn)方向改變。那些能提供反轉(zhuǎn)彎刀的制造商宣稱反向轉(zhuǎn)動對打碎草地很有效，然而，反向轉(zhuǎn)動應(yīng)該避免安全的問題。用正向旋轉(zhuǎn)彎刀時，如果碰到石塊、樹根、殘茬等，旋耕機可能避開。用反轉(zhuǎn)式旋耕機時，如遇到什么東西，旋耕機將會彈回傷到你的你的腿腳，也或許你在一個較窄的地方或有籬笆的地方或墻角，旋耕機或許能彈回來傷著你。正轉(zhuǎn)旋耕機較安全，你不必非買一個帶反轉(zhuǎn)的旋耕機，翻轉(zhuǎn)式的旋耕機只用拖拉機牽引的形式。質(zhì)量旋耕機與其它農(nóng)具一樣隨制造商的不同它們的質(zhì)量也不同。一臺質(zhì)量高的旋耕機，通常是同尺寸的普通旋耕機的價錢的兩到三倍。用于相同的工作條件下，一臺高質(zhì)量的旋耕機通常是一項不錯的投資項目。人機工程學(xué)旋耕機的人機工程學(xué)有很大的不同。一些旋耕機一眼看上去很相似，但實際上由不同人機工程學(xué)的運用，一些是扶手好用，一些是反轉(zhuǎn)比其它的好用，一些是深度控制器比其它的好用，一些是現(xiàn)場控制器比其它的好用。在你買之前最好能試一下或詢問一下又旋耕機的人。在商場購買很難評價一臺旋耕機的性能，它只能憑借著個人經(jīng)驗去識別好的設(shè)計和不好的設(shè)計。記著如果你有塊小田地你最好用鐵鍬或鋤頭，這樣既可以避免花銷又可避免麻煩的維護(hù)工作。如果你覺得你需要一臺旋耕機，買后置式的它很容易操作并且耕地也很好，小型手扶的旋耕機適合小塊地的工作。使用小型農(nóng)用旋耕機無論你是買、租還是借一臺旋耕機，你都發(fā)現(xiàn)它的用途很廣。在很多國家，尤其是在農(nóng)場很小的東南亞，一臺小型旋耕機是用途廣泛的農(nóng)場工具，它也能成為用途廣泛的田園農(nóng)具。附件一些旋耕機能與附件配合做很多工作，比園林翻土機更有效。一些手扶式旋耕機能夠和彎刀等裝配在一起。一些大型后置式耕作機具能帶動中間破土犁，并且整個旋耕機的組合能集割草機、碎土機甚至是發(fā)電機的功能于一身，雖然這些附件很有用，但是它們工作起來可能稍遜色于單獨的成型機。你應(yīng)該注意一下這些附件的功用是否適合你。準(zhǔn)備田園旋耕機用于初耕（春天在土地上耕種）、復(fù)耕（打碎土塊并且準(zhǔn)備耕種）及種莊稼時的耕作，在理想條件下旋耕機一次耕作可擁有初耕、復(fù)耕及平整的壟，在其它條件下，復(fù)合耕作或許需要去去除存在的草本植物，然后呈現(xiàn)出壟。假如草本植物旺盛的話，來兩次的耕作很有益，然后，擱置起來等到下完雨后再耕作，這個過程能夠幫你打碎那些草本植物。雖然初耕需要合適的低速，但常常你應(yīng)該經(jīng)常是你的發(fā)動機處在最大馬力上，一旦你需要什么速度是你就可以隨心所欲了。田園耕作旋耕機在耕種莊稼時比什么時候都有效，這是耕種往往比初耕、復(fù)耕時速度要高，這時耕作務(wù)必用淺耕裝置，以免毀壞了莊稼的根部。最好不要走在剛耕過的地方，以免草的種子、草被踩實后重新生長。生成有機物質(zhì)旋耕機通過