外教社新世紀(jì)高等院校英語專業(yè)本科生系列（修訂版）：綜合教程（第3版） 第1冊 Unit 5 Lecture Notes

Unit5HollywoodSectionOnePre-readingActivitiesI.Lead-inDrawyourmindmapwiththeheadword“Hollywood”.Whatdoestheword“Hollywood“suggesttoyou?Whatwordsisitassociatedwithinyourmind?Writedownasmanyaspossible.Showyourmindmaptotheclassafteryouhavefinishedit.Thisisanopenquestion.Answerstothequestionmayvary.Whiletalkingaboutvariousassociations,boththeteacherandthestudentsareexpectedtousesomekeywordsinthetext.Forexample,theyaresupposedtouse“studio"and"shootmotionpictures''atthementionofUniversalStudioThemePark,“amphitheatre"atthementionofHollywoodBowl,“starlet"and“immortal“atthementionoftheHollywoodWalkofFame,“l(fā)uxurious"and"glamour“atthementionofBeverleyHills,"motionpicturecorporation^^atthementionofParamountorWarnerBros,orMGM,etc.Notethesearekeywordsinthetextandmostofthemturnupinthe“Listofwordsandexpressionsfocusedonintheexercisesbelow^^.Il.CulturalinformationQuoteFredAllen:YoucantakeallthesincerityinHollywood,placeitinthenavelofafireflyandstillhaveroomenoughforthreecarawayseedsandaproducer'sheart.HollywoodHollywoodisaneighborhoodinLosAngeles,California-situatedwest-northwestofDowntownLosAngeles.Duetoitsfameandculturalidentityasthehistoricalcenterofmoviestudiosandmoviestars,theword''Hollywood'1isoftenusedasametonymyofAmericancinema,andisofteninterchangeablyusedtorefertothegreaterLosAngelesareaingeneral.Thenicknames"StarStruckTown"and"Tinseltown"refertoHollywoodanditsmovieindustry.Today,muchofthemovieindustryhasdispersedintosurroundingareassuchastheWestsideneighborhood,butsignificantauxiliaryindustries,suchasediting,effects,props,post-productionandlightingcompaniesremaininHollywood,asdoesthebacklotofParamountPictures.ManyhistoricHollywoodtheatersareusedasvenuesandconcertstagestopremieremajortheatricalreleasesandhosttheAcademyAwards.Itisapopulardestinationfornightlife,tourism,andishometotheHollywoodWalkofFame.Black-and-WhiteMovieBlackandwhite,oftenabbreviatedB/WorB&W,andhyphenatedblack-and-whitewhenusedasanadjective,isanyofseveralmonochromeformsinvisualarts.Black-and-whiteimagesarenotusuallystarklycontrastedblackandwhite.Theycombineblackandwhiteinacontinuumproducingarangeofshadesofgray.Further,manyprints,especiallythoseproducedearlierinthedevelopmentofphotography,wereinsepia(mainlyfbrarchivalstability),whichyieldedricher,subtlershadingthanreproductionsinplainblack-and-white.Colorphotographyprovidesamuchgreaterrangeofshade,butpartoftheappealofblack-and-whitephotographyisitsmoresubduedmonochromaticcharacter.BeverleyHillsBeverlyHills,locatedinLosAngeles,USA,hasthetitleofuthemostprestigiousresidentialareaintheworld1'andisregardedastherepresentativeandsymbolofwealthandfame.ItislocatedonthecoolPacificcoastatthefootoftheBeverlyHills.BeverlyHillsisthedreamlandinthemindoftheworld-famousrichpeopleintheworld.AsthemostfamouscitywithinthecityofLosAngeles,therearethemostupscalecommercialstreetsintheworld,aswellasnumerousmansionsofHollywoodstars;italsoservesastheholylandoftheworldmoviecircle.Everyyear,BeverlyHillsattractsmillionsoftouristsfromallovertheworld.Thereisacollectionoftheworld'stopfashionbrands.Eachstoreisresplendent,carvedmarblewithbrassdoors.Archfountainmakesthisstreetsuddenlylookmoreimposingandextraordinary.Nowitistheworld'smostexpensiveshoppingcenter.HollywoodBowlHollywoodBowl,amodemamphitheaterat2301NorthHighlandAvenueinHollywood,California,wasoriginallythemusicperformancevenue.Itofficiallyopenedin1922inthenaturaltheaterspaceknownasDaisyDellandhasbeenasummervenuefbrtheLosAngelesphilharmoniceversince.TheHollywoodBowlOrchestraisalsothevenueforasmalllocalband,theHollywoodBowlOrchestra.ThemostfamousfeatureoftheHollywoodamphitheaterisitsbandshell,aconcentricarchthathasgracedthetheatersince1929.PopularartistssuchasCher,FrankSinatra,TheBeatles,PinkFloydandJudyGarlandhaveallperformedonstage.AttheendofsomeWarnercartoons,pigsays,"Look...View...People,to...Morethanjust...It*sall,'1andcartoonfansmaynoticethatpig'sstagesettingresemblestheHollywoodBowl;Whetherthiswasintentionalisdebatable(however,theamphitheaterdidappearinmanyofWamefscartoonskits,atleastonceinthenaughtyPinkPanthercartoonandonceintheTomandJerrycartoon).ThefamousHollywoodSign,visibleafewmilestothenortheast,alsoaddstotheatmosphere.III.AudiovisualsupplementsWatchavideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.Doyouknowtheactorinthevideo?Howdoyouthinkhisperformance?Nowadaysintheshowbusiness,starswereoftentypecastaccordingtotheaudiences,preference.Howdoyouthinkthestarsshouldbehaveintheirdailylives?AnswerstotheQuestions:Yes,heisMr.Bean.Imeanthecharacterintheopera.Theaclor'snameisRowanAtkinson.Hisperformanceisveryfannyandexquisite.Open.VideoScript:Teacher:Ladiesandgentlemen,youmayopentheenvelopescontainingyourpapers.Theexamstarts...now.SectionTwoGlobalReadingI.MainideaWhatinformationdoesthetextpresent?ThetextprovidesinformationaboutthepastandthepresentofHollywood.MovieswerefirstmadeinHollywoodbeforeWorldWarI.Hollywood'sfameandfortunereacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysofblackandwhitemovies.TodaymostoftheHollywoodstudioshavebeenleasedtotelevisionnetworks.ThereisalsotheattractiveHollywoodBowl.TheoldHollywoodmovieswillbeshownagainandagaininmoviehousesandtelevisionscreensallovertheworld.Listafewsentencesfromthetextthatpresentthemajorinformationofthetext.Hollywoodsuggestsglamour,aplacewheretheyoungstar-struckteenagerscould,withabitofluck,fulfilltheirdreams.(Paragraph1)TheconstantsunshineandmildclimateofsouthernCaliforniamadeitanidealsiteforshootingmotionpictures.Hollywood'sfameandfortunereacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysofblackandwhitemovies.(Paragraph2)InthosedaysHollywoodwaslikeamagnet,drawingambitiousyoungmenandwomenfromallovertheworld.(Paragraph3)Asforthestarsthemselves,theywereheldonatightreinbythestudiochiefswhocouldmakeorbreakallbutthestarswithreallybigappeal.(Paragraph4)Hollywood,aboveall,hastheglamourofthepast.Itisanamewhichwillalwaysbeassociatedwithmotionpicture-making.(Paragraph9)II.Structuralanalysis1.Thetextbeginswiththesentence“Hollywoodsuggestsglamour,...”Thisideaisechoedtowardstheendofthetext,i.e.inParagraphs7-9.Canyouexplainhowthisisdone?ThefirstsentenceofParagraph7,"Hollywoodisnolongertheheartoftheword'smotionpictureindustry,MseemstosuggestthattheglamourofHollywoodnolongerexists.ButthefirstwordofParagraph8,"Yet,"suggeststhatthisisnotentirelytrue.AndthelastparagraphstronglyassertsthatHollywoodisstillaglamourousplace.2.Workoutthestructureofthetextbycompletingthetable.Paragraph(s)Mainidea1ItprovidesabriefintroductiontoHollywood.2-8ItprovidesreaderswithsomemajorfactsaboutHollywood.9Hollywood,aboveall,hastheglamourofthepast.SectionThreeDetailedReadingTextIHollywood1Hollywoodsuggestsglamour,aplacewhereyoungstar-struckteenagers2could,withabitofluck,fulfilltheirdreams.Hollywoodsuggestsluxurioushouseswithvastpalm-fringedswimmingpools,cocktailbarsandfurnishingsfitforamillionaire.Andthebigmoviestarsweremillionaires.Manyspenttheirfortunesonyachts,Rolls-Royces3anddiamonds.Afewofthemlosttheirglamourquitesuddenlyandwereleftwithnothingbutemptinessandcolossaldebts.MovieswerefirstmadeinHollywoodbeforeWorldWarI.TheconstantsunshineandmildclimateofsouthernCalifornia4madeitanidealsiteforshootingmotionpictures.Hollywood'sfameandfortunereacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysofblackandwhitemovies.Mostofthefamousmotionpicturecorporationsofthosedays,Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer5,ColumbiaandWarnerBrothers6,arestillverymuchinbusinessandgreatstarslikeGretaGarbo7.MarleneDietrich8,CharlieChaplin,9GaryCooper10,andmanyothersbesides,havebecomeimmortal.InthosedaysHollywoodwaslikeamagnet,drawingambitiousyoungmenandwomenfromallovertheworld.Mostofthemhadonlytheirgoodlookstorecommendthemandhadnoactingexperience-一orability-一whatsoever.Occasionallytheygotjobs,iftheywereluckyenoughtobenoticed.GaryCooperwasoneofthefewwhowasnoticed.Hestartedasastuntrider11,andfromthererosetobeoneofthegreatstarsoftheearlyWesterns12.Manyofthegirlsgotjobsincafesorgasstations,andastheyservedtheircustomerstheytossedtheirheadsandswungtheirhips,hopingtoattracttheattentionofsomeimportantpersonconnectedwiththemovies.Mostofthemhopedinvain.Asforthestarsthemselves,theywereheldonatightreinbythestudiochiefswhocouldmakeorbreakallbutthestarswithreallybigappeal.Thestarswerepersuadedtosignseven-yearcontracts,duringwhichtimethestudiosbuiltuptheirimages.4Undertheircontractsthestarsdidnothavetherighttochoosetheirparts.Theirstudiosdecidedeverything.NocountryintheworldhasdevelopedsoexpertlytheskillofadvertisingastheAmericans.5Theyadvertiseeverything,fromicecreamtocandidatesforthepresidency.TheHollywoodstudios,bymeansofadvertising,turnedstarletsintosuperstars.Manystudiochiefsweretyrants,determinedtogettheirownwayatallcosts,nomatterhowunscrupulousthemeans.Starswereoftentypecastandifheorsheappealedtothepublicasalover,thenheorshealwaysplayedthepartofalover.Astarwhowasahitasacowboyorabadguygotthesamekindofroleagainandagain.Therewaslittlearguing,^you'retheperfectdumbblond13,baby,andthat'showyou'regoingtostay,^^theywouldsay.Theyeventriedtointerfereintheirstars'privatelives:No,sugar14!Youjustcan'tmarryMelBilligan.He'stoointellectual.He'ddestroyyourimage.Onlywhentheyceasedtobestarsdidsomeofthemdiscoverthattheywerealsogoodactors!MoviestarslikeBetteDavis15,KatherineHepburn16,SpencerTracy17andJamesMason18gavedistinguishedperformancesincharacterpartsaswellasleadingroles.Hollywoodisnolongertheheartoftheworld'smotionpictureindustry.Mostmoviestodayarefilmedonlocation,thatistosay,inthecities,inthecountrysideandinanypartoftheworldthatthescriptdemands.TheHollywoodstudiosarestillstanding,butmostofthemhavebeenleasedtotelevisionnetworks.About80%ofallAmericanTVentertainmentcomesfromHollywood.YetHollywoodhasnotlostallitsglamour.Moviestarsstilllivethere,orinneighboringBeverleyHills19,andsodomanyofthefamousandwealthypeoplewhohavemadetheirhomesinsouthernCalifornia.ThereisalsotheattractiveHolly-woodBow20,thehugeoutdooramphitheaterwhereeverysummersince1922“Sym-phoniesundertheStars”areplayedbyAmerica'sbestorchestrasbeforepackedaudiences.Hollywood,aboveall,hastheglamourofthepast.Itisanamewhichwillalwaysbeassociatedwithmotionpicturemaking,andformanyyearstocometheoldHollywoodmovieswillbeshownagainandagaininmoviehousesandtelevisionscreensallovertheworld.Paragraph1QuestionsWhatmainfactsarementionedinthefirstparagraph?Hollywoodsuggestsaglamorousplacewheretoyoungstar-struckteenagers,whilealuxuryplacetobigmoviestarswhoaremillionaires.Pleasepointoutthecontrastmentionedinthefirstparagraph.Manyofthebigmoviestarsbecamemillionaires,livinginluxurioushouseswithvastpalm-fringedswimmingpools,spendingtheirfortunesonyachts,Rolls-Roycesanddiamonds.Butafewofthemlosttheirglamoursuddenlyandwereleftwithnothingbutemptinessandcolossaldebts.TherearemanywordsusedinthisparagraphtobuildanimageofHollywood.Pleasefindthemout,andthinkaboutwhytheauthorusesthesewords?Thosewordsare:glamour,luxurious,vast,palm-fringed,cocktail,furnishings,yachts,Rolls-Royces,diamonds.AllthesewordsmayvividlybuildanextravagantimageofHollywoodlife.WordsandExpressionsglamour:〃.，theexcitingandcharmingqualityofsth.unusualorspecial,withamagicalpowerofattractione.g.Foreigntravelhasneverlostitsglamourforme.對我來說，出國旅游從未失去它的魅力。Sheisalwaysattractedbytheglamourofajobinthepopmusicbusiness.她總是被流行音樂行業(yè)的魅力所吸引?strongpersonalattraction,esp.sexuallyexcitingbeauty,whichexcitesadmiratione.g.Sophiaaddedatouchofglamourbywearingabeautifuldress.索菲亞換了一件漂亮的裙子，更增添了一份魅力。Derivations:glamorous:adj.glamorize:vt.Synonyms:attractiveness,charmfulfill:vt.carryoutapromise;satisfyadesire,prayer,etc.e.g.Thatmanoftenfailstofulfillhispromise,soheisnottrusted.那個人經(jīng)常不履行諾言，所以失去了信任。Ifheislazy,hewillneverfulfillhisambitiontobeadoctor.如果他懶惰，將永遠不會實現(xiàn)成為一名醫(yī)生的抱負。performorcarryoutaduty,task,etc,;answerorsatisfyaneedorpurposee.g.Theconditionsofthecontractmustbefulfilledexactly.合同的條件必須嚴(yán)格履行。Anursehasmanydutiestofulfillincaringforthesick.護士在照顧病人方面要履行許多職責(zé)。finishorcompleteaperiodorpieceofworke.g.Theyfulfilledtheirproject30daysaheadoftime.他們提前30天完成了項目。Derivations:fulfilled:adj.fulfillment:n.Comparison:fulfill,realizerealize:makeactualorrealsomethingthathaspreviouslyexistedonlyasaplanordesireCollocation:fulfilloneself:fullydevelopone'sabilitiesandcharactere.g.Hewasabletofulfillhimselfthroughmusic.他能通過音樂充分發(fā)揮自己的才能。Exercise:Choosetheproperwordinitsappropriateformtofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences,fulfill realizeTheyalltheboss'sdemandsjusttopleasehim.(fulfilled)Itwasreallydishearteningthatourworstfearswere.(realized)Thetravellinglibraryanimportantneedforpeoplewholiveincountryareas,(fulfills)colossal:adj.extremelylarge;ofimmensesize;remarkable;splendide.g.Itrequiresgovernmentspendingonacolossalscale.它需要政府大規(guī)模支出。Derivation:colossus:n.Synonyms:remarkable;splendidAntonym:smallSentenceHollywoodsuggestsglamour,aplacewheretheyoungstar-struckteenagerscould,withabitofluck,fulfilltheirdreams.(Paragraph1)Explanation'.Tomostpeople,Hollywoodmeansexcitementandattraction,aplacewhereyoungteenagers,deeplyfascinatedbybigstars,could,withabitofluck,realizetheirdreams.Translation.好萊塢意味著魅力，是那些憧憬靠小運氣就能成為大明星的少男少女們美夢成真的地方。Activity:MakingaStoryDirection:Makeashortstorybygroupdiscussion.Usethewords“glamour,fulfill,colossal”inParagraph1.Therepresentativefromeachgroupshouldtellthestoryinfrontoftheclassandwillbejudgedbyothergroups.Paragraphs2-8QuestionsWhatdoyouknowaboutthehistoryofHollywoodandwhendiditreachitsgreatestsuccess?(Paragraph2)A：MovieswerefirstmadeinHollywoodbeforeWorldWarIwithahistoryofabout100years.Hollywoodreacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysofblackandwhitemovies.CouldalltheambitiousyoungmenandwomenfromallovertheworldrealizetheirdreamswhentheycametoHollywood?(Paragraph3)A：No.Occasionallytheygotjobs,iftheywereluckyenoughtobenoticed.Manyofthegirlsgotjobsincafesorgasstations.Butmostofthemhopedinvain.WhatdoyouknowaboutHollywoodstudiosandthestudiochiefs?(Paragraphs4-5)A:Thestudiochiefs“persuaded“thestarstosignseven-yearcontractstobuilduptheirimages.Thestarswerenotentitledtochoosetheirpartswhilethechiefsdecidedeverythingasatyrant.TheHollywoodstudiosturnedstarletsintosuperstarsbyadvertising.WhydoestheauthorusequotationmarksforthewordpersuadedinParagraph4?(Paragraph4)A:Theauthorusesquotationmarkstosuggestthatthestarswereactuallyforcedtosignseven-yearcontracts.Whydoestheauthorsaystudiochiefsweretyrants?(Paragraph5)A:Theyweredeterminedtogettheirownwayatallcosts,nomatterhowunscrupulousthemeans.Howdoyouunderstandthestatementthatstarswereoftentypecast?(Paragraph6)A:Astaractstheroleaccordingtotheimpressionheorsheleftonthepublic.WhyHollywoodisnolongertheheartoftheworld'smotionpictureindustry?(Paragraph7)A:Becausemostmoviestodayarefilmedonlocation,thatistosay,inthecities,inthecountrysideandinanypartoftheworldthatthescriptdemands.WordsandExpressionsconstant:adj.fixedorunchanging;invariableegPressureinthecontainerremainsconstant.容器內(nèi)的壓力保持不變。continuallyhappeningorrepeated;regulare.g.Theentranceisinconstantuse;donotlockit.這個入口經(jīng)常使用，不要鎖上。loyal;faithfule.g.Sheisaconstantfriendofmine.她是我忠實的朋友。Derivation:constancy:n.Synonym:continuousComparison:constant,continuouscontinuous:referringexclusivelytosomethingthatisunbrokenthroughoutitsentirelength,greatorsmall,whetheritsextensionisthroughtimeorspace.Exercise:Choosetheproperwordtofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences.constantcontinuousDespiteitslargepopulation,therateofpopulationincreaseofIndiahasbeeninrecentyears,(constant)Manystudentspreferassessmenttoaonce-for-allapproach,(continuous)Thisvideoplayerprovideshigh-speeddubbingandplayfacility,(continuous)site:n./vt.thepieceoflandonwhichsomethingislocated(oristobelocated)/aplacewheresomethingimportantorinterestinghappenede.g.Itwasrebuiltonthesiteoftheoldbuilding.它是在舊樓的原址上重建的。assignalocationtoe.g.Therectoryissitedbehindthechurch.教區(qū)長的住宅位于教堂后面。Synonym:location/spot/installpeak:n.asharplypointedmountaintop;awholemountainwithapointedtop；thehighestpoint,levele.g.Theplaneflewoverthesnow-coveredmountainpeaks.飛機飛過白雪覆蓋的山峰。thehighestpoint,level,value,rate,etc.;atimeofgreatestsuccesse.g.Trafficreachesapeakbetween8and9inthemorning.早上8點到9點是交通高峰期。She'satthepeakofhercareer.她正處于事業(yè)的巔峰。Comparisons:peak,summit,climaxsummit:thetopofamountain,orameetingbetweenheadsofgovernmentclimax:themostexciting,important,oreffectivepartinastory,experience,setofevents,etc,esneartheendExercise:Choosetheproperwordtofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences.peaksummitclimaxDemandforcoalisatitsinJanuaryandFebruary,(peak)Westernleadersarcgatheringforthisweek'sOttawa.(summit)Hisfirstbookwaspublishedwhenhewasattheofhispowers,(peak)Theofthefilmisabrilliantcarchase,(climax)immortal:adj.thatwillneverdie;thatwillliveforever;thatwillcontinueorberememberedforalongtimee.g.Thesoulisimmortal.靈魂是不朽的。Shakespearewrotemanyimmortalplays.莎士比亞寫了許多不朽的戲劇。Derivations:immortality:n.immortalize:v.Antonym:mortale.g.Allhumanbeingsaremortal.人皆有一死。ambitious:adj.havingastrongdesireforsuccess,power,wealth,etc.e.g.Heisanambitiousyoungman,studyinghardtobeascientist.他是一個雄心勃勃的年輕人，努力學(xué)習(xí)，想成為科學(xué)家。showingorresultingfromadesiretodosth.difficultorsth.thatdemandsgreateffort,unusualskill,etc.e.g.Hisnextproductionwasaveryambitiousmusical.他的下一部作品是一部野心勃勃的音樂劇。Derivation:ambitiously:adv.ambitiousness:n.ambition:n.Antonym:unambitiousTranslation:有抱負的學(xué)生才能取得最好的成績。Onlyambitiousstudentscangetbestmarks.他推出的下一部作品是難度很大的音樂喜劇。Hisnextproductionwasaveryambitiousmusicalcomedy.recommend:v.praiseasbeinggoodtorapurpose;provideinformationaboutsb.orsth.e.g.Whatwouldyourecommendforremovinginkstains?你對去除墨跡有什么建議？Shewasstronglyrecommendedforthepost.她被大力推薦擔(dān)任這個職務(wù)。adviseorsuggestasacorrectorsuitablecourseofactione.g.Iwouldn'trecommendyoutogotherealone.我不建議你一個人去那里。Irecommendthatyouresign.我建議你辭職。Derivations:recommendatory:adj.recommender:n.recommendation:n.recommendable:adj.Collocations:recommendsb./sth.(tosb.)recommendsb.for/assth.recommendthat...itisrecommendedthat...torecommendsb.todosth.torecommenddoingst.persuade:v.makesb.willingtodosth.byreasoning,arguing,repeatedlyaskinge.g.Youtryandpersuadehertocomeoutwithus.你試著說服她和我們一起出門。Howcanwepersuadehimintojoiningus?我們怎樣才能說服他加入我們？Hepersuadedhisdaughtertochangehermind他說服女兒改變主意。causetobelieveorfeelcertain;convincee.g.Iamnotfullypersuadedbytheevidence.我沒有完全被這些證據(jù)說服。Wearepersuadedofthejusticeofhercase.我們相信她的案件是公正的。Derivations:persuasion:n.persuasiveness:n.persuasive:adj.persuasively:adj.persuadable:adj.Collocations:o/outofsth.persuadesb.ofsth.Comparisons:persuade,convincepersuade:tomakesomeoneagreetodosomethingbygivingthemgoodreasonsfordoingit.convince:tomakesomeonebelievethatsomethingistrue.Itisquitecommon,however,foreachofthesewordstobeusedwithbothmeanings,especiallyforconvincetobeusedasasynonymforpersuade.ButsomespeakersofBrEthinkthatthisisnotcorrect.Exercise:Choosetheproperwordtofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences,persuadeconvinceItriedtohertoseeadoctor,(persuade)Hehadfinallyseveralcustomersoftheadvantagesofhisproduct,(convinced)Hemehewasright,(convince)Ittriestolocalpeopletogrowtheirownfoodandeatmorehealthily,(persuade)expertly:adv,inawaytypicalofanexpert;inaskillfulmannere.g.NeverhaveIseenanyonehandlesuchatoughsituationasexpertlyashe.他如此熟練地處理如此棘手的局面，真是罕見。Derivations:expert:n./adj.expertness:n.expertise:n.Collocations:expertat/in/onsth./doingsth.e.g.Heisexpertat/incookinggoodcheapmeals.他擅長做價廉物美的飯菜。Synonym:skillfullycandidate:someonewhoisbeingconsideredforajoboriscompetinginanelectione.g.Iproposedhimfor(as)candidate.我建議他作為候選人。Synonym:examineeDerivations:candidacy:n.presidency:thepositionofbeingthepresidentofacountryororganization,ortheperiodoftimeduringwhichsomeoneispresident.e.g.1)RooseveltwaselectedfourtimestothepresidencyoftheUS.羅斯福四次當(dāng)選美國總統(tǒng)。HewasaWhiteHouseofficialduringtheBushpresidency.他在布什總統(tǒng)任期內(nèi)是白宮官員。Derivations:presidential:adj.president:n.presidentship:n.atallcosts:atanycost;whateverthecost;nomatterwhatthecoste.g.Wemustatallcostspreventthemfromfindingoutabouttheplan.我們必須不惜一切代價阻止他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個計劃。Wemustavoidwaratallcosts.我們必須不惜一切代價避免戰(zhàn)爭。Phrases:atthecostof:involvingthelossorsacrificeofsth.toone'scost:fromone'sownunpleasantexperienceExercise:Choosetheproperphrasetofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences.atallcoststoone'scostatthecostofAsIlearnedwhenIwasillinNewYork,youshouldalwaystakeoutmedicalinsurancebeforeyougoabroad.(tomycost)Wemustwinthegame.(atallcosts)Shesavedhimfromdrowningbutonlyherownlife.(atthecostof)unscrupulous:completelywithoutprinciples;notcaringabouthonestyorfairnessinordertogetwhatonewantse.g.Hebecameamillionairebyresortingtounscrupulousmethods.他靠不擇手段成了百萬富翁。Derivations:unscrupulously:adv.unscrupulousness:n.arguing:acontentiousspeechact;adisputewherethereisstrongdisagreement.e.g.Whatareyouarguingwiththemabout?你在和他們爭論什么？Derivations:argue:v.argument:n.argumentation:n.argumentative:adj.arguable:adj.argumentative:adv.arguably:adv.Collocation:arguewith/about/forinterfere:v.enterinortakepartinamatterwhichdoesnotconcernone,andinwhichoneisnotwantede.g.Itisunwisetointerferebetweenhusbandandwife.干涉夫妻之間的事是不明智的。Don'tinterfereinmattersthatdonotconcernyou!不要干涉與你無關(guān)的事！Derivations:interference:erferometer:erfering:adj.Collocation:interfereinerferebetweensb.anderferewitherferewithsth.destroy:v.damage(something)soseverelythatitcannotberepaired;putanendtotheexistenceofsomethinge.g.Theyhavedestroyedalltheevidence.他們已經(jīng)銷毀了所有的證據(jù)。Allhopesofapeacefulsettlementweredestroyedbyhisspeech.他的講話毀掉了雙方和解的一切希望。Derivations:destruction:n.destructive:adj.Synonyms:ruin,wreckcease:ustop(esp.anactivityorstate)e.g.Theofficerorderedhismentoceasefire.軍官命令他的士兵?；稹ostilitiesbetweenthetwosidesceasedatmidnight.雙方的敵對行動于午夜停止。Derivations:cease:n.ceaseless:adj.notstopping;withoutendCollocation:withoutcease:withoutstopping;continuouslyceasetobeceasefromdistinguished:adj.havingexcellentqualityorgreatfameandrespecte.g.Theactorgaveadistinguishedperformanceonthestagelastnight.這位演員昨晚在舞臺上表演得很出色。Hehasbecomeadistinguishedmanforhisscientificachievements.他因科學(xué)成就而出人頭地。Derivations:distinction:n.distinctiveness:n.distinguish:v.distinctive:adj.distinct:adj.distinguishable:adj.Antonym:undistinguishedperformance:n.theactionoranactofperforming(acharacterin)aplay,apieceofmusic,tricks,etc.,hepresenceofthepublice.g.Hisperformanceof"Hamlet"wassuperb.他在《哈姆雷特》中表演得很棒。TheorchestrawillgivetwomoreperformancesbeforeleavingBritain.這個管弦樂隊在離開英國前將再演出兩場。theactionormannerofcarryingoutanactivity,pieceofwork,etc.e.g.Shewonagoldmedalforherfineperformanceinthecontest.她在比賽中表現(xiàn)出色，贏得了一枚金牌。Hisperformanceinthetestwasnotgoodenough.他的考試成績不夠好。Derivations:perform:v.performer:n.Collocation:inperformance:performinginaconcertorotherentertainmente.g.Comeandseeherinperformancewiththenewband.來看看她和新樂隊的演出吧。SentencesTheconstantsunshineandmildclimateofsouthernCaliforniamadeitanidea)siteforshootingmotionpictures.(Paragraph2)Paraphrase:SouthernCaliforniausuallyenjoyssunshineandboastsamildclimate,whichmadeitanexcellentplaceformakingmovies.Hollywood'sfameandfortunereacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysofblackandwhitemovies.(Paragraph2)Paraphrase:Hollywood'sfameandfortunerosetoitshighestpointinthe1930sand1940s,whenthebestblackandwhitemovieswereproducedinabundanceandbecameverypopular.Mostofthemhadonlytheirgoodlookstorecommendthemandhadnoactingexperience—orability?一whatsoever.(Paragraph3)Explanation'.Thephrase“mostof*cannotbeusedbeforeanounthathasnodeterminer(article,possessiveordemonstrativeword).Youcansay"mostofthepeople11,or“mostofthesepeople**,but