托福閱讀專題-插入題(五)資料課件

InsertTextQuestionInsertTextQuestion123IntroductionTipsClue1——指代關(guān)系4Clue2——邏輯關(guān)系5Clue3——結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系123IntroductionTipsClue1——指代關(guān)Introduction設(shè)置在文章的倒數(shù)第二題出題會(huì)確保不會(huì)因?yàn)檫@個(gè)缺失的句子而影響到全文的大意，缺少的這個(gè)句子是可有可無(wú)的出題原理：指代線索/邏輯線索/組織結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)義線索Introduction設(shè)置在文章的倒數(shù)第二題Tips做句子插入題必須先讀句子而非先讀段落找線索詞并積極對(duì)插入句上下文做預(yù)測(cè)

從第一個(gè)小黑方塊前一句話開(kāi)始讀，逐一代入進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證

插入句必須滿足前后兩條線索，先前再后。（先用前線索再看后線索）Tips做句子插入題必須先讀句子而非先讀段落Somecompaniesinthepowerindustryareawareofthiswiderpossibilityandareplanningsizablewind-farmprojectsinstatesotherthanCalifornia.有些能源行業(yè)的公司意識(shí)到了這個(gè)更大的可能性，正在計(jì)劃在美國(guó)除了加州以外的州建立大型的風(fēng)力發(fā)電站項(xiàng)目。Since1980,theuseofwindtoproduceelectricityhasbeengrowingrapidly.█In1994therewerenearly20,000windturbinesworldwide,mostgroupedinclusterscalledwindfarmsthatcollectivelyproduced3,000megawattsofelectricity.█MostwereinDenmark(whichgot3percentofitselectricityfromwindturbines)andCalifornia(where17,000machinesproduced1percentofthestate’selectricity,enoughtomeettheresidentialneedsofacityaslargeasSanFrancisco).█Inprinciple,allthepowerneedsoftheUnitedStatescouldbeprovidedbyexploitingthewindpotentialofjustthreestates—NorthDakota,SouthDakota,andTexas.█SomecompaniesinthepowerinClue1—指代關(guān)系指代詞（the,this,these,their，such,another,other,they,it）必然有所指代指代詞后邊若有名詞短語(yǔ)，則向前尋找名詞短語(yǔ)的同義改寫(xiě)，指代詞必然有所指代小黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)指代詞，則注意是否有所指代，若無(wú)指代，插入句往往放在代詞前的方塊插入句中出現(xiàn)插入語(yǔ)或從句，重點(diǎn)讀主干定冠詞the用于重復(fù)上文提到的事物Clue1—指代關(guān)系指代詞（the,this,thesWhatdoyourememberaboutyourlifebeforeyouwerethree?■Fewpeoplecanrememberanythingthathappenedtothemintheirearlyyears．■Adults'memoriesofthenextfewyearsalsotendtobescanty．■Mostpeoplerememberonlyafewevents--usuallyonesthatweremeaningfulanddistinctive，suchasbeinghospitalizedorasibling’sbirth.■Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Otherimportantoccasionsareschoolgraduationsandweddings.托福閱讀專題——插入題(五)資料課件■Casesinwhichmanyspeciesbecomeextinctwithinageologicallyshortintervaloftimearecalledmassextinctions.■Therewas

onesucheventattheendoftheCretaceousperiod(around70millionyearsago).■Therewasanother,evenlarger,massextinctionattheendofthePermianperiod(around250millionyearsago).■ThePermianeventhasattractedmuchlessattentionthanothermassextinctionsbecausemostlyunfamiliarspeciesperishedatthattime.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Ingeneral,itisbelievedthatthesetwoextinctionsresultedfromdrasticenvironmentalchangesthatfollowedmeteoriteimpactsormassivevolcaniceruptions.■Casesinwhichmanyspecies■Accordingly,FrancesetouttoovercomeBritainbyextendingitsmilitarydominationfromMoscowtoLisbon,fromJutlandtoCalabria.■Allofthisentailedtremendousrisk,becauseFrancedidnothavethemilitaryresourcestocontrolthismuchterritoryandstillprotectitselfandmaintainorderathome.■Frenchstrategistscalculatedthatanavyof150shipswouldprovidetheforcenecessarytodefeattheBritishnavy.■ThisadvantagewasdeemednecessarybecauseofBritain’ssuperiorseaskillsandtechnology,andalsobecauseBritainwouldbefightingadefensivewar,allowingittowinwithfewerforces.

SuchaforcewouldgiveFranceathree-to-twoadvantageoverBritain.■Accordingly,FrancesetouttSeveralfactorsaffecttidalranges,includingabruptchangesinatmosphericpressureorprolongedperiodsofextremehighorlowpressure.■Theyarealsoinfluencedbythedensityandvolumeofseawater,variationsinocean-currentvelocities,earthquakes,andthegrowingorshrinkingoftheworld’sglaciers.■Infact,anyofthesefactorsalonecanaltersealevel.■Thegreaterandmorerapidthechangeofwaterlevel,thegreatertheerosiveeffectofthetidalaction,andthusintheamountofmaterialtransportedanddepositedontheshore.■Stormsurges,suchastheheapingupofoceanwaterbyhurricanewinds,areyetanotherfactor.SeveralfactorsaffecttidalrWeallknowthatmanymorepeopletodayareright-handedthanleft-handed.Canonetracethissamepatternfarbackinprehistory?■Muchoftheevidenceaboutright-handversusleft-handdominancecomesfromstencilsandprintsfoundinrocksheltersinAustraliaandelsewhere,andinmanyIceAgecavesinFrance,Spain,andTasmania.■Whenalefthandhasbeenstenciled,thisimpliesthattheartistwasright-handed,andviceversa.■Eventhoughthepaintwasoftensprayedonbymouth,onecanassumethatthedominanthandassistedintheoperation.Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.■Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.Thestencilsofhandsfoundinthesesheltersandcavesallowustodrawconclusionsaboutwhichhandwasdominant.WeallknowthatmanymorepeoClue2—邏輯關(guān)系常見(jiàn)邏輯關(guān)系：并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、比較并列遞進(jìn)：furthermore,also,aswell,too,inaddition,moreover,besides,even,additionally,first,second,third...,notonly...butalso轉(zhuǎn)折：although,conversely,however,instead,nevertheless,ontheotherhand,unlike,whereas,while因果：therefore,so,asaresult,consequently,accordingly,thus,hence比較：incontrast,onthecontraryClue2—邏輯關(guān)系常見(jiàn)邏輯關(guān)系：并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、Clue2—邏輯關(guān)系插入句或黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比標(biāo)識(shí)詞時(shí)：轉(zhuǎn)折句中的主語(yǔ)前邊可能提到過(guò)

插入句或黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)表示原因結(jié)果/總結(jié)結(jié)論標(biāo)識(shí)詞時(shí)：排除段首位置，注意因果邏輯關(guān)系/總結(jié)結(jié)論句中的元素，必與上一句有所對(duì)應(yīng)

Clue2—邏輯關(guān)系插入句或黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比標(biāo)識(shí)詞時(shí)ThereactionoffarmerstotheinevitabledepletionoftheOgallalavaries.Manyhavebeenattemptingtoconservewaterbyirrigatinglessfrequentlyorbyswitchingtocropsthatrequirelesswater.■Other,however,haveadoptedthephilosophythatitisbesttousethewaterwhileitisstilleconomicallyprofitabletodosoandtoconcentrateonhigh-valuecropssuchascotton.■Theincentiveofthefarmerswhowishtoconservewaterisreducedbytheirknowledgethatmanyoftheirneighborsareprofitingbyusinggreatamountsofwater,andintheprocessaredrawingdowntheentireregion’swatersupplies.■Inthefaceoftheupcomingwatersupplycrisis,anumberofgrandioseschemeshavebeendevelopedtotransportvastquantitiesofwaterbycanalorpipelinefromtheMississippi,theMissouri,ortheArkansasrivers.■Unfortunately,thecostofwaterobtainedthroughanyoftheseschemeswouldincreasepumpingcostsatleasttenfold,makingthecostofirrigatedagriculturalproductsfromtheregionuncompetitiveonthenationalandinternationalmarkets.Butevenifuncooperativefarmersweretojoinintheconservationefforts,thiswouldonlydelaythedepletionoftheaquifer.Thereactionoffarmerstothe

Thesubjectsofthepaintingsaremostlyanimals.Thepaintingsrestonbarewalls,withnobackdropsorenvironmentaltrappings.Perhaps,likemanycontemporarypeoples,UpperPaleolithicmenandwomenbelievedthatthedrawingofahumanimagecouldcausedeathofinjury,andifthatwereindeedtheirbelief,itmightexplainwhyhumanfiguresarerarelydepictedincaveart.Anotherexplanationforthefocusonanimalsmightbethatthesepeoplesoughttoimprovetheirluckathunting.■Thistheoryissuggestedbyevidenceofchipsinthepaintedfigures,perhapsmadebyspearsthrownatthedrawings.■Butifimprovingtheirhuntingluckwasthechiefmotivationforthepaintings,itisdifficulttoexplainwhyonlyafewshowsignsofhavingbeenspeared.■Perhapsthepaintingswereinspiredbytheneedtoincreasethesupplyofanimals.CaveartseemstohavereachedapeaktowardtheendoftheUpperPaleolithicperiod,whentheherdsofgameweredecreasing.■Therefore,ifthepaintingswereconnectedwithhunting,someotherexplanationisneeded.ThesubjectsofthepaClue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系西方人的思維總分結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)論證觀點(diǎn)總分結(jié)構(gòu)——本質(zhì)：先論點(diǎn)，后論證

Clue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系西方人的思維■Fantasyisoneofthemorecommontechniquesinadvertisingthatcouldpossiblymisleadayoungaudience.■Child-orientedadvertisementsaremorelikelytoincludemagicandfantasythanadvertisementsaimedatadults.■InacontentanalysisofCanadiantelevision,theauthorStephenKlineobservedthatnearlyallcommercialsforcharactertoysfeaturedfantasyplay.■Childrenhavestrongimaginationsandtheuseoffantasybringstheirideastolife,butchildrenmaynotbeadeptenoughtorealizethatwhattheyareviewingisunreal.Fantasysituationsandsettingsarefrequentlyusedtoattractchildren'sattention,particularlyinfoodadvertising.Advertisementsforbreakfastcerealshave,formanyyears,beenfoundtobeespeciallyfondoffantasytechniques,withalmostnineoutoftenincludingsuchcontent.Generally,thereisuncertaintyastowhetherveryyoungchildrencandistinguishbetweenfantasyandrealityinadvertising.Certainly,rationalappealsinadvertisingaimedatchildrenarelimited,asmostadvertisementsuseemotionalandindirectappealstopsychologicalstatesorassociations.Anotheraspectofadvertisingthatmayespeciallyinfluencechildrenisfantasy.■FantasyisoneofthemorecoClue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系分類列舉式段落概述部分作為插入句：概述一般位于段首位置

采用分類列舉式的段落/文章通常以（數(shù)詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)）的形式出現(xiàn)

概述的標(biāo)示詞：reasons,groups,parts,types,sorts,ways,approaches,features分類列舉式段落列舉部分作為插入句（插入句中出現(xiàn)furthermore,moreover,inaddition,besides,also）：引出段落中一個(gè)新的方面，放在對(duì)應(yīng)語(yǔ)句之前；插入句中的主語(yǔ)前邊可能提到過(guò)。Clue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系分類列舉式段落概述部分作為插入句：概述Thechiefproblemwastechnological:HowweretheEuropeanstoreachtheEast?Europe'smaritimetraditionhaddevelopedinthecontextofeasilynavigableseas—theMediterranean,theBaltic,and.toalesserextent,theNorthSeabetweenEnglandandtheContinent—notofvastoceans.Newtypesofshipswereneeded,newmethodsoffindingone'sway,newtechniquesforfinancingsovastascheme.ThesheerscaleoftheinvestmentittooktobegincommercialexpansionatseareflectstheimmensityoftheprofitsthatsuchEast-Westtradecouldcreate.■Spiceswerethemostsought-aftercommodities.■SpicesnotonlydramaticallyimprovedthetasteoftheEuropeandietbutalsowereusedtomanufactureperfumesandcertainmedicines.■Butevenhigh-pricedcommoditieslikespiceshadtobetransportedinlargebulkinordertojustifytheexpenseandtroubleofsailingaroundtheAfricancontinentallthewaytoIndiaandChina.■Theywerehighlyvaluedforacoupleofreasons.ThechiefproblemwastechnoloTheevolutionofflightrequiredradicalalterationinbodyform,butflightprovidesmanybenefits.■Itenhanceshuntingandscavenging:manybirdsexploitflyinginsects,anabundant,highlynutritiousfoodresource.■Flightalsoprovidesreadyescapefromearthboundpredatorsandenablessomebirdstomigrategreatdistancestoutilizedifferentfoodresourcesandseasonalbreedingareas.■Thebirdthattravelsfarthestinitsannualmigrationisthearctictern,whichfliesround-tripbetweentheNorthPoleandSouthPoleeachyear.■Analysesoffossilizedskeletonssupportthehypothesisthattheclosestreptilianrelativesofbirdswerethetheropods,agroupofrelativelysmall,bipedalcarnivorousdinosaurs.Furthermore,migrationallowsbirdstoavoidclimatesthataretoohotortoocoldduringcertainseason.TheevolutionofflightrequirThankyouforyourattention!Thankyouforyourattention!人有了知識(shí)，就會(huì)具備各種分析能力，明辨是非的能力。所以我們要勤懇讀書(shū)，廣泛閱讀，古人說(shuō)“書(shū)中自有黃金屋?！蓖ㄟ^(guò)閱讀科技書(shū)籍，我們能豐富知識(shí)，培養(yǎng)邏輯思維能力；通過(guò)閱讀文學(xué)作品，我們能提高文學(xué)鑒賞水平，培養(yǎng)文學(xué)情趣；通過(guò)閱讀報(bào)刊，我們能增長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)識(shí)，擴(kuò)大自己的知識(shí)面。有許多書(shū)籍還能培養(yǎng)我們的道德情操，給我們巨大的精神力量，鼓舞我們前進(jìn)。人有了知識(shí)，就會(huì)具備各種分析能力，托福閱讀專題——插入題(五)資料課件InsertTextQuestionInsertTextQuestion123IntroductionTipsClue1——指代關(guān)系4Clue2——邏輯關(guān)系5Clue3——結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系123IntroductionTipsClue1——指代關(guān)Introduction設(shè)置在文章的倒數(shù)第二題出題會(huì)確保不會(huì)因?yàn)檫@個(gè)缺失的句子而影響到全文的大意，缺少的這個(gè)句子是可有可無(wú)的出題原理：指代線索/邏輯線索/組織結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)義線索Introduction設(shè)置在文章的倒數(shù)第二題Tips做句子插入題必須先讀句子而非先讀段落找線索詞并積極對(duì)插入句上下文做預(yù)測(cè)

從第一個(gè)小黑方塊前一句話開(kāi)始讀，逐一代入進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證

插入句必須滿足前后兩條線索，先前再后。（先用前線索再看后線索）Tips做句子插入題必須先讀句子而非先讀段落Somecompaniesinthepowerindustryareawareofthiswiderpossibilityandareplanningsizablewind-farmprojectsinstatesotherthanCalifornia.有些能源行業(yè)的公司意識(shí)到了這個(gè)更大的可能性，正在計(jì)劃在美國(guó)除了加州以外的州建立大型的風(fēng)力發(fā)電站項(xiàng)目。Since1980,theuseofwindtoproduceelectricityhasbeengrowingrapidly.█In1994therewerenearly20,000windturbinesworldwide,mostgroupedinclusterscalledwindfarmsthatcollectivelyproduced3,000megawattsofelectricity.█MostwereinDenmark(whichgot3percentofitselectricityfromwindturbines)andCalifornia(where17,000machinesproduced1percentofthestate’selectricity,enoughtomeettheresidentialneedsofacityaslargeasSanFrancisco).█Inprinciple,allthepowerneedsoftheUnitedStatescouldbeprovidedbyexploitingthewindpotentialofjustthreestates—NorthDakota,SouthDakota,andTexas.█SomecompaniesinthepowerinClue1—指代關(guān)系指代詞（the,this,these,their，such,another,other,they,it）必然有所指代指代詞后邊若有名詞短語(yǔ)，則向前尋找名詞短語(yǔ)的同義改寫(xiě)，指代詞必然有所指代小黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)指代詞，則注意是否有所指代，若無(wú)指代，插入句往往放在代詞前的方塊插入句中出現(xiàn)插入語(yǔ)或從句，重點(diǎn)讀主干定冠詞the用于重復(fù)上文提到的事物Clue1—指代關(guān)系指代詞（the,this,thesWhatdoyourememberaboutyourlifebeforeyouwerethree?■Fewpeoplecanrememberanythingthathappenedtothemintheirearlyyears．■Adults'memoriesofthenextfewyearsalsotendtobescanty．■Mostpeoplerememberonlyafewevents--usuallyonesthatweremeaningfulanddistinctive，suchasbeinghospitalizedorasibling’sbirth.■Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Otherimportantoccasionsareschoolgraduationsandweddings.托福閱讀專題——插入題(五)資料課件■Casesinwhichmanyspeciesbecomeextinctwithinageologicallyshortintervaloftimearecalledmassextinctions.■Therewas

onesucheventattheendoftheCretaceousperiod(around70millionyearsago).■Therewasanother,evenlarger,massextinctionattheendofthePermianperiod(around250millionyearsago).■ThePermianeventhasattractedmuchlessattentionthanothermassextinctionsbecausemostlyunfamiliarspeciesperishedatthattime.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Ingeneral,itisbelievedthatthesetwoextinctionsresultedfromdrasticenvironmentalchangesthatfollowedmeteoriteimpactsormassivevolcaniceruptions.■Casesinwhichmanyspecies■Accordingly,FrancesetouttoovercomeBritainbyextendingitsmilitarydominationfromMoscowtoLisbon,fromJutlandtoCalabria.■Allofthisentailedtremendousrisk,becauseFrancedidnothavethemilitaryresourcestocontrolthismuchterritoryandstillprotectitselfandmaintainorderathome.■Frenchstrategistscalculatedthatanavyof150shipswouldprovidetheforcenecessarytodefeattheBritishnavy.■ThisadvantagewasdeemednecessarybecauseofBritain’ssuperiorseaskillsandtechnology,andalsobecauseBritainwouldbefightingadefensivewar,allowingittowinwithfewerforces.

SuchaforcewouldgiveFranceathree-to-twoadvantageoverBritain.■Accordingly,FrancesetouttSeveralfactorsaffecttidalranges,includingabruptchangesinatmosphericpressureorprolongedperiodsofextremehighorlowpressure.■Theyarealsoinfluencedbythedensityandvolumeofseawater,variationsinocean-currentvelocities,earthquakes,andthegrowingorshrinkingoftheworld’sglaciers.■Infact,anyofthesefactorsalonecanaltersealevel.■Thegreaterandmorerapidthechangeofwaterlevel,thegreatertheerosiveeffectofthetidalaction,andthusintheamountofmaterialtransportedanddepositedontheshore.■Stormsurges,suchastheheapingupofoceanwaterbyhurricanewinds,areyetanotherfactor.SeveralfactorsaffecttidalrWeallknowthatmanymorepeopletodayareright-handedthanleft-handed.Canonetracethissamepatternfarbackinprehistory?■Muchoftheevidenceaboutright-handversusleft-handdominancecomesfromstencilsandprintsfoundinrocksheltersinAustraliaandelsewhere,andinmanyIceAgecavesinFrance,Spain,andTasmania.■Whenalefthandhasbeenstenciled,thisimpliesthattheartistwasright-handed,andviceversa.■Eventhoughthepaintwasoftensprayedonbymouth,onecanassumethatthedominanthandassistedintheoperation.Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.■Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.Thestencilsofhandsfoundinthesesheltersandcavesallowustodrawconclusionsaboutwhichhandwasdominant.WeallknowthatmanymorepeoClue2—邏輯關(guān)系常見(jiàn)邏輯關(guān)系：并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、比較并列遞進(jìn)：furthermore,also,aswell,too,inaddition,moreover,besides,even,additionally,first,second,third...,notonly...butalso轉(zhuǎn)折：although,conversely,however,instead,nevertheless,ontheotherhand,unlike,whereas,while因果：therefore,so,asaresult,consequently,accordingly,thus,hence比較：incontrast,onthecontraryClue2—邏輯關(guān)系常見(jiàn)邏輯關(guān)系：并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、Clue2—邏輯關(guān)系插入句或黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比標(biāo)識(shí)詞時(shí)：轉(zhuǎn)折句中的主語(yǔ)前邊可能提到過(guò)

插入句或黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)表示原因結(jié)果/總結(jié)結(jié)論標(biāo)識(shí)詞時(shí)：排除段首位置，注意因果邏輯關(guān)系/總結(jié)結(jié)論句中的元素，必與上一句有所對(duì)應(yīng)

Clue2—邏輯關(guān)系插入句或黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比標(biāo)識(shí)詞時(shí)ThereactionoffarmerstotheinevitabledepletionoftheOgallalavaries.Manyhavebeenattemptingtoconservewaterbyirrigatinglessfrequentlyorbyswitchingtocropsthatrequirelesswater.■Other,however,haveadoptedthephilosophythatitisbesttousethewaterwhileitisstilleconomicallyprofitabletodosoandtoconcentrateonhigh-valuecropssuchascotton.■Theincentiveofthefarmerswhowishtoconservewaterisreducedbytheirknowledgethatmanyoftheirneighborsareprofitingbyusinggreatamountsofwater,andintheprocessaredrawingdowntheentireregion’swatersupplies.■Inthefaceoftheupcomingwatersupplycrisis,anumberofgrandioseschemeshavebeendevelopedtotransportvastquantitiesofwaterbycanalorpipelinefromtheMississippi,theMissouri,ortheArkansasrivers.■Unfortunately,thecostofwaterobtainedthroughanyoftheseschemeswouldincreasepumpingcostsatleasttenfold,makingthecostofirrigatedagriculturalproductsfromtheregionuncompetitiveonthenationalandinternationalmarkets.Butevenifuncooperativefarmersweretojoinintheconservationefforts,thiswouldonlydelaythedepletionoftheaquifer.Thereactionoffarmerstothe

Thesubjectsofthepaintingsaremostlyanimals.Thepaintingsrestonbarewalls,withnobackdropsorenvironmentaltrappings.Perhaps,likemanycontemporarypeoples,UpperPaleolithicmenandwomenbelievedthatthedrawingofahumanimagecouldcausedeathofinjury,andifthatwereindeedtheirbelief,itmightexplainwhyhumanfiguresarerarelydepictedincaveart.Anotherexplanationforthefocusonanimalsmightbethatthesepeoplesoughttoimprovetheirluckathunting.■Thistheoryissuggestedbyevidenceofchipsinthepaintedfigures,perhapsmadebyspearsthrownatthedrawings.■Butifimprovingtheirhuntingluckwasthechiefmotivationforthepaintings,itisdifficulttoexplainwhyonlyafewshowsignsofhavingbeenspeared.■Perhapsthepaintingswereinspiredbytheneedtoincreasethesupplyofanimals.CaveartseemstohavereachedapeaktowardtheendoftheUpperPaleolithicperiod,whentheherdsofgameweredecreasing.■Therefore,ifthepaintingswereconnectedwithhunting,someotherexplanationisneeded.ThesubjectsofthepaClue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系西方人的思維總分結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)論證觀點(diǎn)總分結(jié)構(gòu)——本質(zhì)：先論點(diǎn)，后論證

Clue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系西方人的思維■Fantasyisoneofthemorecommontechniquesinadvertisingthatcouldpossiblymisleadayoungaudience.■Child-orientedadvertisementsaremorelikelytoincludemagicandfantasythanadvertisementsaimedatadults.■InacontentanalysisofCanadiantelevision,theauthorStephenKlineobservedthatnearlyallcommercialsforcharactertoysfeaturedfantasyplay.■Childrenhavestrongimaginationsandtheuseoffantasybringstheirideastolife,butchildrenmaynotbeadeptenoughtorealizethatwhattheyareviewingisunreal.Fantasysituationsandsettingsarefrequentlyusedtoattractchildren'sattention,particularlyinfoodadvertising.Advertisementsforbreakfastcerealshave,formanyyears,beenfoundtobeespeciallyfondoffantasytechniques,withalmostnineoutoftenincludingsuchcontent.Generally,thereisuncertaintyastowhetherveryyoungchildrencandistinguishbetweenfantasyandrealityinadvertising.Certainly,rationalappealsinadvertisingaimedatchildrenarelimited,asmostadvertisementsuseemotionalandindirectappealstopsychologicalstatesorassociations.Anotheraspectofadvertisingthatmayespeciallyinfluencechildrenisfantasy.■FantasyisoneofthemorecoClue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系分類列舉式段落概述部分作為插入句：概述一般位于段首位置

采用分類列舉式的段落/文章通常以（數(shù)詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)）的形式出