檢索式定向閱讀法第五講綜合訓(xùn)練

GRE閱讀主講老師:Cathy老師標(biāo)注內(nèi)容優(yōu)新墨西哥州殖民建筑（101篇PassageArchitecturalmorphologyisthestudyofhowshiftingculturalandenvironmentalconditionsproducechangesinanarchitecturalform.WhenappliedtothemissionchurchesofNewMexicoseventeenth-andeighteenth-centurySpanishcolonialarchitectureinwhatisnowthesouthwesternUnitedStates,architecturalmorphologyrevealsmuchabouthowNativeAmericanculturetransformedthetraditionalEuropeanchurcharchitectureoftheSpanishmissionarieswhohopedtoconvertNativeAmericanstoManystudiesofthesemissionchurcheshavecarefully edthehistoryanddesignoftheiruniquearchitecturalform,mostattributethechurches’radicaldeparturefromtheirsixteenth-centuryEuropeanpredecessorstolocalclimateandaless-mechanizedbuildingtechnology.Certainly,thelimitationsimposedbymanuallaborandthelocallyavailablematerialsofmud-brickandtimbernecessitatedadivergencefromtheoriginalEuropeanchurodel.However,theemergenceofachurchformsuitedtolifeintheSouthwestwasrootedinsomethingmorefundamentalthanmaterialandtechnique.ThenewarchitectureresultedfromculturalforcesinboththeSpanishcolonialandindigenousNativeAmericansocieties,eachwithcompetingideasaboutformandspaceanddifferentwaysofconveyingtheseideassymbolically.Forexample,themissionchurchessharecertainspatialqualitieswiththeindigenouskiva,around,partlysubterraneanroomusedbymanySouthwestNativeAmericancommunitiesforimportantrituals.Likethekivaitwasintendedtoreplace,thetypicalmissionchurchhadthickwallsofadobe(sun-driedearthandstraw),abeaten-earthfloor,andoneortwosmallwindows.IndeferencetoEuropeancustom,theceilingsofthesechurcheswerehigherthanthoseofthetraditionalkiva.However,withthelimitedlightingaffordedbytheirfewsmallwindows,thesechurchesstillsuggestthekiva'scharacteristicallylow,boxlike,earth-hugginginterior.Thus,althoughpragmaticfactorsofconstructionmayhavecontributedtotheshapeofthemissionchurches,asearlierstudiessuggest,theprovisionofasacredspaceconsistentwithindigenoustraditionsmayalsohavebeenanimportantconsiderationintheirdesign.ThecontinuedviabilityofthekivaitselfinSpanishmissionsettlementshasalsobeenunderestimatedbyhistorians.FreestandingkivasdiscoveredintheruinsofEuropean-stylemissionarycommunitieshavebeenexplainedbysomehistoriansasexamplesof“superposition”.Underthistheory,ChristiandominationoverindigenousfaithsisdramatizedbysurroundingthekivawithChristianbuildings.However,asJamesIveypointsout,suchsuperpositionwasunlikely,sincehistoricalrecordsindicatethatmostSpanishmissionaries,arrivingintheSouthwestwithlittleornomilitarysupport,wiselyadoptedasomewhatconciliatoryattitudetowardtheuseofthekivaatleastinitially.Thisfact,andthecareful,solitaryplacementofthekivainthecenterofthe suggestsanintentiontohighlighttheimportanceofthekivaratherthantodiminishit.TheprimarypurposeofthepassageiscorrectsomemisinterpretationsaboutthedevelopmentofancomparethetraditionalchurcharchitecturesoftwodifferentexaminetheinfluenceofareligiousarchitecturalstyleonsecularexplainthenatureofthecontrastbetweentwodifferentarchitecturaltracetheEuropeanrootsofanarchitecturalstyleusedintheUnitedThepassagesuggeststhattheindicatedhistoriansregardedtheplacementofkivasinthemidstofChristianbuildingsaswhichofthefollowing?exemplaryofanarrangementofreligiousbuildingstypicalofakindofAmericanarchitecturecommonpriortothearrivalofthelargelyresponsiblefortheevolutionofadistinctiveSpanishmissionindicativeoftheSpanishmissionaries’desiretodisplayanattitudeoftowardthesymbolicofthecontroversyamongSpanishmissionariesinNewMexicotheirtreatmentoftheindigenousreflectiveoftheSpanishmissionary’sdesiretodiminishthekiva'sThecontinuedviabilityofthekivaitselfinSpanishmissionsettlementshasalsobeenunderestimatedbyhistorians.FreestandingkivasdiscoveredintheruinsofEuropean-stylemissionarycommunitieshavebeenexplainedbysomehistoriansasexamplesofUnderthistheory,ChristiandominationoverindigenousfaithsisdramatizedsurroundingthekivawithChristianWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmoststrengthentheargumentaboutSpanishmissionaries’attitudetowardtheTheperiodofmostintensivesettlementbySpanishmissionariesintheSouthwestoccurredbeforetheperiodinwhichthemissionchurchesofNewMexicowerebuilt.TherearenotracesofkivasinSpanishmissionsettlementsthatwerebyalargemilitarytleofthesecularSpanishcolonialarchitectureoftheSouthwestoftheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturiesispredominantlyEuropeaninstyle.D.SomeSpanishmissionarycommunitiesoftheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturieswereattachedtoSpanishmilitaryinstallations.E.NewMexicocontainsbyfarthelargestconcentrationofSpanishmission-churcharchitectureintheUnited新墨西哥州殖民建筑（101篇PassageArchitecturalmorphologyisthestudyofhowshiftingculturalandenvironmentalconditionsproducechangesinanarchitecturalform.WhenappliedtothemissionchurchesofNewMexicoseventeenth-andeighteenth-centurySpanishcolonialarchitectureinwhatisnowthesouthwesternUnitedStates,architecturalmorphologyrevealsmuchabouthowNativeAmericanculturetransformedthetraditionalEuropeanchurcharchitectureoftheSpanishmissionarieswhohopedtoconvertNativeAmericanstoThecontinuedviabilityofthekivaitselfinSpanishmissionsettlementshasalsobeenunderestimatedbyhistorians.FreestandingkivasdiscoveredintheruinsofEuropean-stylemissionarycommunitieshavebeenexplainedbysomehistoriansasexamplesof“superposition”.Underthistheory,ChristiandominationoverindigenousfaithsisdramatizedbysurroundingthekivawithChristianbuildings.However,asJamesIveypointsout,suchsuperpositionwasunlikely,sincehistoricalrecordsindicatethatmostSpanishmissionaries,arrivingintheSouthwestwithlittleornomilitarysupport,wiselyadoptedasomewhatconciliatoryattitudetowardtheuseofthekivaatleastinitially.Thisfact,andthecareful,solitaryplacementofthekivainthecenterofthe suggestsanintentiontohighlighttheimportanceofthekivaratherthantodiminishit.Accordingtothepassage,thebuildingtechniquesprevailingintheSouthwestduringtheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturiesplayedaroleinwhichofthefollowing?A.preventingmissionariesintheSouthwestfromduplicatingtraditionalEuropeaninfluencingmissionariesintheSouthwesttoincorporateafreestandingkivaintomissioncausingmissionariesintheSouthwesttolimitthebuildingofchurchestoNewMexicojeopardizingtheviabilityofSpanishreligioussettlementsthroughouttheencouragingmanymissionariesintheSouthwesttoreexaminethecontinuedviabilityahighlyceremonialEuropeanreligiousManystudiesofthesemissionchurcheshavecarefully edthehistoryanddesignoftheiruniquearchitecturalform,mostattributethechurches’radicaldeparturefromtheirsixteenth-centuryEuropeanpredecessorstolocalclimateandaless-mechanizedbuildingtechnology.Certainly,thelimitationsimposedbymanuallaborandthelocallyavailablematerialsofmud-brickandtimbernecessitatedadivergencefromtheoriginalEuropeanchurodel.However,theemergenceofachurchformsuitedtolifeintheSouthwestwasrootedinsomethingmorefundamentalthanmaterialandtechnique.ThenewarchitectureresultedfromculturalforcesinboththeSpanishcolonialandindigenousNativeAmericansocieties,eachwithcompetingideasaboutformandspaceanddifferentwaysofconveyingtheseideassymbolically.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofthecollisionsmentionedinthehighlightedsentence?事實信息題（1stTheauthorofthepassageassertswhichofthefollowingtitaniccollision態(tài)度題（titaniccollisionmodelsThepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingistrueofthecitedcompoundsandelements?Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcerned段落主旨題（2nd月球（101篇PassageMassiveprojectilesstrikingmuchlargerbodiescreatevariouskindsofcraters,includingmulti-ringbasins–thelargestgeologicfeaturesobservedonplanetsandmoons.Insuchcollisions,theimpactoriscompleydestroyedanditsmaterialisincorporatedintothelargerbody.Collison’sbetweenbodiesofcomparablesize,ontheotherhand,haveverydifferentconsequences:oneorbothbodiesmightbeentirelysmashed,withmassfromoneorboththebodiesredistributedamongnewobjectsformedfromthefragments.SuchatitaniccollisionbetweenEarthandaMars-sizeimpactormayhavegivenrisetoEarth’sMoon.TheEarth-Moonsystemhasalwaysbeenperplexing.Earthistheonlyoneoftheinnerplanetswithalargesalite,theorbitofwhichisneitherintheequatorialplaneofEarthnorintheplaneinwhichtheotherplanetslie.TheMoon’smeandensityismuchlowerthanthatofEarthbutisaboutthesameasthatofEarth’smantle.ThissimilarityindensityhaslongpromptedspeculationthattheMoonsplitawayfromarapidlyrotatingEarth,butthisideafoundersontwoobservations.InordertospinofftheMoon,Earthwouldhavehadtorotatesofastthatadaywouldhavelastedlessthanthreehours.Scienceoffersnoplausibleexplanationofhowitcouldhaveslowedtoitscurrentrotationalratefromthatspeed.Moreover,theMoon’scomposition,thoughsimilartothatofEarth’smantle,isnotaprecisematch.Theorizingatitaniccollisioneliminatespostulatingatoo-rapidlyspinningEarthandaccountsfortheMoon’speculiarcomposition.Inatitaniccollisionmodel,thebulkoftheMoonwouldhaveformedfromacombinationofmaterialfromtheimpactorandEarth’smantle.Mostoftheearthlycomponentwouldhavebeenintheformofmeltedorvaporizedmatter.ThedifficultyinrecondensingthisvaporinEarth’sorbit,anditssubsequentlosstothevacuumofouterspace,mightaccountfortheobservedabsenceinlunarrocksofcertainreadilyvaporizedcompoundsandelements.Unusualfeaturesofsomeotherplanetsmightalsobeexplainedbysuchimpacts.Mercuryisknowntohaveahighdensityincomparisonwithotherrockyplanets.Atitanicimpactcouldhavestrippedawayaportionofitsrockymantle,leavingbehindametalliccorewhosedensityisoutofproportionwiththeoriginalratioofrocktometal.Amassive,glancingblowtoVenusmighthavegivenititsanomalouslyslowspinandreverseddirectionofrotation.Suchconjecturesaretempting,but,sincenoearlyplanetwasimmunetotitanicimpacts,theycouldbeusedindiscriminaytoexplainawayinacavalierfashioneveryunusualplanetarycharacteristic;still,wemaynowbebeginningtodiscernthetrueroleoftitanicimpactsinplanetaryhistory.月球（101篇Passage①Massiveprojectilesstrikingmuchlargerbodiescreatevariouskindsofcraters,includingmulti-ringbasins–thelargestgeologicfeaturesobservedonplanetsandmoons.②Insuchcollisions,theimpactoriscompleydestroyedanditsmaterialisincorporatedintothelargerbody.③Collison’sbetweenbodiesofcomparablesize,ontheotherhand,haveverydifferentconsequences:oneorbothbodiesmightbeentirelysmashed,withmassfromoneorboththebodiesredistributedamongnewobjectsformedfromthefragments.④SuchatitaniccollisionbetweenEarthandaMars-sizeimpactormayhavegivenrisetoEarth’sMoon.月球（101篇PassageTheEarth-Moonsystemhasalwaysbeenperplexing.Earthistheonlyoneoftheinnerplanetswithalargesalite,theorbitofwhichisneitherintheequatorialplaneofEarthnorintheplaneinwhichtheotherplanetslie.⑵TheMoon’smeandensityismuchlowerthanthatofEarthbutisaboutthesameasthatofEarth’smantle.ThissimilarityindensityhaslongpromptedspeculationthattheMoonsplitawayfromarapidlyrotatingEarth,butthisideafoundersontwoobservations.⑴InordertospinofftheMoon,Earthwouldhavehadtorotatesofastthatadaywouldhavelastedlessthanthreehours.Scienceoffersnoplausibleexplanationofhowitcouldhaveslowedtoitscurrentrotationalratefromthatspeed.（續(xù)）Founderon破壞，摔倒Haveto削弱Plausible月球（101篇Passage⑵Moreover,theMoon’scomposition,thoughsimilartothatofEarth’smantle,isnotaprecisematch.Theorizingatitaniccollisioneliminatespostulatingatoo-rapidlyspinningEarthandaccountsfortheMoon’speculiarcomposition.Theorize建立…月球（101篇PassageInatitaniccollisionmodel,thebulkoftheMoonwouldhaveformedfromacombinationofmaterialfromtheimpactorandEarth’smantle.Mostoftheearthlycomponentwouldhavebeenintheformofmeltedorvaporizedmatter.ThedifficultyinrecondensingthisvaporinEarth’sorbit,anditssubsequentlosstothevacuumofouterspace,mightaccountfortheobservedabsenceinlunarrocksofcertainreadilyvaporizedcompoundsandelements.月球（101篇PassageUnusualfeaturesofsomeotherplanetsmightalsobeexplainedbysuchimpacts.Mercuryisknowntohaveahighdensityincomparisonwithotherrockyplanets.Atitanicimpactcouldhavestrippedawayaportionofitsrockymantle,leavingbehindametalliccorewhosedensityisoutofproportionwiththeoriginalratioofrocktometal.Amassive,glancingblowtoVenusmighthavegivenititsanomalouslyslowspinandreverseddirectionofrotation.Suchconjecturesaretempting,but,sincenoearlyplanetwasimmunetotitanicimpacts,theycouldbeusedindiscriminaytoexplainawayinacavalierfashioneveryunusualplanetarycharacteristic;still,wemaynowbebeginningtodiscernthetrueroleoftitanicimpactsinplanetaryhistory.Conjecture猜測temptingStill月球（101篇Passage首段：大碰撞理論介紹2種情況段21.地月系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜兩個表現(xiàn)

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofcollisionsmentionedinthehighlightedTheyoccurlessfrequentlythandotitanicTheyoccurbetweenbodiesofcomparableTheyoccurprimarilybetweenplanet-sizedTheyresultinthecompletedestructionoftheimpactingTheyresultinmassbeingredistributedamongnewlyformed①Massiveprojectilesstrikingmuchlargerbodiescreatevariouskindsofcraters,includingmulti-ringbasins–thelargestgeologicfeaturesobservedonplanetsandmoons.②Insuchcollisions,theimpactoriscompleydestroyedanditsmaterialisincorporatedintothelargerbody.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofcollisionsmentionedinthehighlightedTheyoccurlessfrequentlythandotitanicTheyoccurbetweenbodiesofcomparableTheyoccurprimarilybetweenplanet-sizedTheyresultinthecompletedestructionoftheimpactingTheyresultinmassbeingredistributedamongnewlyformedTheauthorofthepassageassertswhichofthefollowingtitaniccollisionSuodelsareconclusivewithrespecttocertainanomaliesthesolarsystem,butleavenumerousotheranomaliesSuodelsaremorelikelythanareearliermodelstoaccounttheformationofmulti-ringSuodelsmaybeparticularlyusefulinexplainingwhathappenswhentheimpactingbodiesinvolvedareofhighlydissimilarmeanSuodelshavebeentestedtosuchadegreethattheyarereachingthepointwheretheycanbeconsidereddefinitive.E.Suodelsaresotemptingthattheyruntheriskofbeingusedindiscriminaytoexplainunusualplanetaryfeatures.TheauthorofthepassageassertswhichofthefollowingtitaniccollisionSuodelsareconclusivewithrespecttocertainanomaliesthesolarsystem,butleavenumerousotheranomaliesSuodelsaremorelikelythanareearliermodelstoaccounttheformationofmulti-ringSuodelsmaybeparticularlyusefulinexplainingwhathappenswhentheimpactingbodiesinvolvedareofhighlydissimilarmeanSuodelshavebeentestedtosuchadegreethattheyarequicklyreachingthepointwheretheycanbeconsidereddefinitive.SuodelsaresotemptingthattheyruntheriskofbeingindiscriminaytoexplainunusualplanetaryThepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingistrueofthecompoundsandTheywerecreatedbyreactionsthattookplaceduringaTheyweredbyanimpactorthatcollidedwithTheywereoncepresentontheMoonbutwereTheyarerarelyfoundonplanet-sizebodiesinoursolarTheyarepresentonEarthbutnotontheThepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingistrueofthecompoundsandTheywerecreatedbyreactionsthattookplaceduringaTheyweredbyanimpactorthatcollidedwithTheywereoncepresentontheMoonbutwereTheyarerarelyfoundonplanet-sizebodiesinoursolarTheyarepresentonEarthbutnotontheInthesecondparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithA.arguinginfavorofaparticulartheoryabouttheformationoftheEarth-Moonsystem.summarizingconventionaltheoriesabouttheformationofanticipatingandrespondingtocriticismsofaparticulartheorytheformationoftheEarth-MoonexplainingwhytheEarth-MoonsystemisconsideredscientificallyquestioninganassumptionunderlyingonetheoryaboutformationoftheEarth-Moon4.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithA.arguinginfavorofaparticulartheoryabouttheformationoftheEarth-Moonsystem.summarizingconventionaltheoriesabouttheformationofanticipatingandrespondingtocriticismsofaparticulartheorytheformationoftheEarth-MoonexplainingwhytheEarth-MoonsystemisconsideredscientificallyquestioninganassumptionunderlyingonetheoryaboutformationoftheEarth-Moon長江水稻（PP2模考文章Sincethe1970s,archaeologicalsitesinChina’sYangtzeRiverregionhaveyieldedevidenceofsophisticatedrice-farmingsocietiesthatpredatesignsofricecultivationelsewhereinEastAsiabyathousandyears.Beforethisevidencewasdiscovered,ithadgenerallybeenassumedthatricefarmingbeganfarthertothesouth.Thisscenariowasbasedbothonthegeographicrangeofwildorfree-livingrice,whichwasnotthoughttoextendasfarnorthastheYangtze,andonarchaeologicalrecordsofveryearlydomesticricefromSoutheastAsiaand(nowknowntobenotsooldasfirstreported).Proponentsofthesouthern-origintheorypointoutthatearlyrice-farmingsocietiesalongtheYangtzewerealreadyhighlydevelopedandthatevidenceforthefirststageofricecultivationismissing.Theyarguethatthefirsthunter-gathererstodevelopriceagriculturemusthavedonesointhissouthernzone,withintheapparentpresent-daygeographicrangeofwildrice.Yetwhilemoststandsofwildricereportedina1984surveywereconcentratedtothesouthofYangtzedrainage,twonorthernoutlierpopulationswerealsodiscoveredinprovincesalongthemiddleandlowerYangtze,evidencethattheYangtzewetlandmayfallwithinboththepresent-dayandthehistoricalgeographicrangesofrice’swildancestor.長江水稻（PP2?？嘉恼耂incethe1970s,archaeologicalsitesinChina’sYangtzeRiverregionhaveyieldedevidenceofsophisticatedrice-farmingsocietiesthatpredatesignsofricecultivationelsewhereinEastAsiabyathousandyears.事實Beforethisevidencewasdiscovered,ithadgenerallybeenassumedthatricefarmingbeganfarthertothesouth.Thisscenariowasbasedbothonthegeographicrangeofwildorfree-livingrice,whichwasnotthoughttoextendasfarnorthastheYangtze,andonarchaeologicalrecordsofveryearlydomesticricefromSoutheastAsiaand (nowknowntobenotsooldasfirstreported).Proponentsofthesouthern-origintheorypointoutthatearlyrice-farmingsocietiesalongtheYangtzewerealreadyhighlydevelopedandthatevidenceforthefirststageofricecultivationismissing.Theyarguethatthefirsthunter-gathererstodevelopriceagriculturemusthavedonesointhissouthernzone,withintheapparentpresent-daygeographicrangeofwildrice.Yetwhilemoststandsofwildricereportedina1984surveywereconcentratedtothesouthoftheYangtzedrainage,twonorthernoutlierpopulationswerealsodiscoveredinprovincesalongthemiddleandlowerYangtze,evidencethattheYangtzewetlandmayfallwithinboththepresent-dayandthehistoricalgeographicrangesofrice’swildancestor.Yetwhilemoststandsofwildricereportedina1984surveywereconcentratedtothesouthoftheYangtzedrainage,twonorthernoutlierpopulationswerealsodiscoveredinprovincesalongthemiddleandlowerYangtze,evidencethattheYangtzewetlandmayfallwithinboththepresent-dayandthehistoricalgeographicrangesofrice’swildancestor.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostclearlyunderminethethattheauthormakesbasedonthe1984AreassouthoftheYangtzebasincurrentlyhavelesswild-ricehabitatthantheyoncedid目前長江流域以南地區(qū)野生稻棲息地比他們少Surveysince1984haveshownwildricepopulationsalongtheupperaswellasalongthemiddleandlower ThepopulationsofwildricealongtheYangtzerepresentstrainsofwildricethatmigratedtothenorthrelativelyrecently.長江流域的野生水稻代表的野生水稻,遷最近移到北方(D)Earlyrice-farmingsocietiesalongtheYangtzewerenotashighlydevelopedasarchaeologistsoncethought.發(fā)展程度并不像考古學(xué)家想的那么高(E)InEastAsia,thehistoricalgeographicrangeofwildricewasmoreextensivethanthepresent-daygeographicrangeis.Proponentsofthesouthern-origintheorypointoutthatearlyrice-farmingsocietiesalongtheYangtzewerehighlydevelopedandthatevidencethefirststageofricecultivation

Basedonthepassage,skepticsoftheideathatricecultivationbeganintheYangtzeRiverregioncanpointtowhichofthefollowingforLackofevidencesupportingtheexistenceofrice-farmingsocietiesalongtheYangtzeatanearlydate(B)Lackofevidenceregardingthe

initialstagesofricecultivationintheYangtzeregionRecentdiscoveriespertainingagriculturemusthavedonesointhissouthernzone,withintheapparentpresent-daygeographicrangeofwild

thehistoricalgeographicrangerice’swildNewinformationregardingthedatesofveryearlydomesticricefromSoutheastAsiaNewtheoriespertainingtohowhunter-gatherersfirstdevelopedriceagricultureinEastAsiaProponentsofthesouthern-origintheorypointoutthatearlyrice-farmingsocietiesalongtheYangtzewerehighlydevelopedandthatevidencethefirststageofricecultivation

Basedonthepassage,skepticsoftheideathatricecultivationbeganintheYangtzeRiverregioncanpointtowhichofthefollowingforLackofevidencesupportingtheexistenceofrice-farmingsocietiesalongtheYangtzeatanearlydate(B)Lackofevidenceregardingthe

initialstagesofricecultivationintheYangtzeregionRecentdiscoveriespertainingagriculturemusthavedonesointhissouthernzone,withintheapparentpresent-daygeographicrangeofwild

thehistoricalgeographicrangerice’swildNewinformationregardingthedatesofveryearlydomesticricefromSoutheastAsiaNewtheoriespertainingtohowhunter-gatherersfirstdevelopedriceagricultureinEastAsiaBeforethisevidencewasdiscovered,ithadgenerallybeenassumedthatricefarmingbeganfarthertothesouth.Thisscenariowasbasedbothonthegeographicrangeofwildorfree-livingrice,whichwasnotthoughttoextendasfarnorthastheYangtze,andonarchaeologicalrecordsofveryearlydomesticricefromSoutheastAsiaand

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthe“southern-origintheory”?Thetheoryisbasedonanunconventionalunderstandingofhowhunter-gatherersfirstdevelopedriceThetheoryfailstotakeintoaccounttheapparentfactthatevidenceforthefirststageofricecultivationinthenorthismissing.Thetheorywasdevelopedprimarilyinresponsetoa1984surveyofwildrice’sgeographicrange(D)Reassessmentofthedatesofsomearchaeologicalevidencehasunderminedsupportforthetheory.(E)Evidenceofsophisticatedrice-farmingsocietiesintheYangtzeregionprovidessupportforthetheory.Beforethisevidencewasdiscovered,ithadgenerallybeenassumedthatricefarmingbeganfarthertothesouth.Thisscenariowasbasedbothonthegeographicrangeofwildorfree-livingrice,whichwasnotthoughttoextendasfarnorthastheYangtze,andonarchaeologicalrecordsofveryearlydomesticricefromSoutheastAsiaand

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthe“southern-origintheory”?Thetheoryisbasedonanunconventionalunderstandingofhowhunter-gatherersfirstdevelopedriceThetheoryfailstotakeintoaccounttheapparentfactthatevidenceforthefirststageofricecultivationinthenorthismissing.Thetheorywasdevelopedprimarilyinresponsetoa1984surveyofwildrice’sgeographicrange(D)Reassessmentofthedatesofsomearchaeologicalevidencehasunderminedsupportforthetheory.(E)Evidenceofsophisticatedrice-farmingsocietiesintheYangtzeregionprovidessupportforthetheory.加強(qiáng)題PC削弱題PCTherehavebeennumerouswell-edextinctionsofindigenousspeciescausedbytheintroductionofnon-indigenouspredatorsandpathogens.However,surprisinglyfewextinctionsofindigenousspeciescanbeattributedtocompetitionfromintroducedspecies.Forexample,duringthepast400years,4,000plantspecieshavebeenintroducedintoNorthAmerica,andthesenon-indigenousplantscurrentlyaccountfornearly20percentofNorthAmerica’splantspecies.YetnoevidenceexiststhatanyindigenousNorthAmericanplantspeciesbecameextinaresultofcompetitionfromnewspeciescouldmeanthat①suchextinctionstakelongertooccurthanscientistsinitiallybelievedor,alternatively,②thatextinctionsarerarelycausedbycompetitionfromnon-indigenousspecies.Thepassageisconcernedprimarilypointingoutthataparticulartypeofspeciesextinctionisknowntooccur.某個特定種類的物 （competitionbetweenspeciesproposingapossibleexplanationfor ingdataaboutaparticulartypeofspeciesextinction40020不同時間無resolvingadebateaboutthefrequencyofaparticulartypeofspeciesextinction.事實與觀點沒解決comparinotheoriesregardingpossiblecausesofatypeofspeciesextinctionrefutingaproposedexplanationfortheincreasinglyrareoccurrenceofaparticulartypeofspeciesextinction.無駁倒駁斥一個被解TheauthorintroducesstatisticsaboutNorthAmerica’snon-indigenousplantspeciesprimarilyinordertoundermineaproposedexplanationfortheabsenceofanyevidencetheoccurrenceofap