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FiveLevelsofDegreesofFormalityFiveLevelsofDegreesofForm1

IntroductionDefinitionFeaturesExampleIntroduction2IntroductionMartinJoos’classificationofdegreesofformalityinhisbookTheFiveClocks(1962)isoffivelevels:frozen,formal,consultative,casualandintimate.IntroductionMartinJoos’3FrozenstyleDefinition:Frozenstyleisusedbyprofessionalspeakersforpublicpurposes,suchaslegaldocumentsregulations,formalceremonies.Features:A.Fixedformandstuctureasiffrozen.B.Oftenusedonhightlysignificantoccasions.eg:Inaugural,ceremony,courtoflaw.C.Archaicwords,formalandbigexpressions,longandcomplexsentences.FrozenstyleDefinition:Frozen4Example

Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,thatamongthesearelife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness……

——DeclarationofIndependenceExampleWeholdthesetr5FormalstyleDefinition:Formalstyleisusedbeforealargeaudiencesuchasformallectures,inauguraladdressofpresidentelect,scientificreports.Features:A.Tightlystructuredandwell-planned,nofragments,norepetitionandsecondthought.B.Vocabularytechnical,variedconsciously.C.Clearandcarefulpronunciation.D.Differentsentencestructures.FormalstyleDefinition:Formal6Example

Thankyouverymuch,Mr.Mayor.Iappreciateyourkindwordsofintroduction.Andwe'redelightedtobeheretoday.MywifeandIareprivilegedtohavetheopportunityonceagaintotravelinChina.

——USVicePresident'sSpeechatFudanUniversityExampleThankyouverymuch7ConsultativestyleDefinition:Consultativestyleisusedforconductingmostbusinessmatters,suchastalkingwithstrangers,buyingthingsinashop,askingthewayinthesreet.Features:

A.Thisvatietyreflectsthemostbasicandcommonfeaturesamong5varieties.B.Sentencesarenottoolong,wordsareplainandareoftenarrangedinnormalorder.C.Somegrammaticalphenomenanotpreferredlikeparticiplesusedasadverbials.D.Novariationindiction.E.Sentencesoftenbeginwith:well,but,so...ConsultativestyleDefinition8Example"Where'sVanBummel,theshoolmaster?""Hewentofftothewartoo,wasthegreatmilitiageneral,andisnowinCongress."

——RipVanWinkleExample"Where'sVanBummel,t9CasualstyleDefinition:Casualstyleisthelanguageusedforsituationsinwhichnosocialbarriersarefeltbytheparticipants.Itisthelanguageusedamongfriendsacquaintances,insiders,andpeoplewithsharedknowledge.Fatures:A.Firstnameingreeting,noformaltitle.B.Oftenusesfragments,contractions,slang.C.Oftenusedinmorerelaxedsituationasindomitory.D.Thereisagreatervariationfromregiontoregion,fromonesocialgrouptoanotherthanformalandotherstyles.CasualstyleDefinition:Casual10Example"I'vetriedit,anditdon'twork;itdon'twork,Tom.Itain'tforme...Thewiddereatsbyabell;shegoestobedbyabell;shegitsupbyabell---everything'ssoawfulreg'larabodycan'tstandit."———TheAdventuresofTomSawyerExample"I'vetriedi11IntimatestyleDefinition:Intimatestyleisthelanguageusedamongmembersofthefamilybetweenhusbandandwife,amongveryclosefriends,oramongaparticulargroupofpeoplewithparticularlysharedknowledge,suchasschoolboys,armysoldiers,orcriminals.Features:

A.Likethecasual,theintimateisrarelywritten.B.Grammarisreducedtoabareminimum.C.Pronunciationisslurreedasagreatdealofnonverbalcommunicationwitheye-brows,shoulders,andfacialexpressionsreplacetheverbals.D.Sincetheusersknowverywell,thereisnoneedforcarefulplanning.IntimatestyleDefinition:Intim12Example“Daddy,whereyoubeen?”“Huntingforarabbit'sskintowrapmylittleBonniein.Giveyourbestsweetheartakiss,Bonnie---andyoutoo,Ella.”--------GonewiththeWindExample“Daddy,whereyoub13

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14FiveLevelsofDegreesofFormalityFiveLevelsofDegreesofForm15

IntroductionDefinitionFeaturesExampleIntroduction16IntroductionMartinJoos’classificationofdegreesofformalityinhisbookTheFiveClocks(1962)isoffivelevels:frozen,formal,consultative,casualandintimate.IntroductionMartinJoos’17FrozenstyleDefinition:Frozenstyleisusedbyprofessionalspeakersforpublicpurposes,suchaslegaldocumentsregulations,formalceremonies.Features:A.Fixedformandstuctureasiffrozen.B.Oftenusedonhightlysignificantoccasions.eg:Inaugural,ceremony,courtoflaw.C.Archaicwords,formalandbigexpressions,longandcomplexsentences.FrozenstyleDefinition:Frozen18Example

Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,thatamongthesearelife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness……

——DeclarationofIndependenceExampleWeholdthesetr19FormalstyleDefinition:Formalstyleisusedbeforealargeaudiencesuchasformallectures,inauguraladdressofpresidentelect,scientificreports.Features:A.Tightlystructuredandwell-planned,nofragments,norepetitionandsecondthought.B.Vocabularytechnical,variedconsciously.C.Clearandcarefulpronunciation.D.Differentsentencestructures.FormalstyleDefinition:Formal20Example

Thankyouverymuch,Mr.Mayor.Iappreciateyourkindwordsofintroduction.Andwe'redelightedtobeheretoday.MywifeandIareprivilegedtohavetheopportunityonceagaintotravelinChina.

——USVicePresident'sSpeechatFudanUniversityExampleThankyouverymuch21ConsultativestyleDefinition:Consultativestyleisusedforconductingmostbusinessmatters,suchastalkingwithstrangers,buyingthingsinashop,askingthewayinthesreet.Features:

A.Thisvatietyreflectsthemostbasicandcommonfeaturesamong5varieties.B.Sentencesarenottoolong,wordsareplainandareoftenarrangedinnormalorder.C.Somegrammaticalphenomenanotpreferredlikeparticiplesusedasadverbials.D.Novariationindiction.E.Sentencesoftenbeginwith:well,but,so...ConsultativestyleDefinition22Example"Where'sVanBummel,theshoolmaster?""Hewentofftothewartoo,wasthegreatmilitiageneral,andisnowinCongress."

——RipVanWinkleExample"Where'sVanBummel,t23CasualstyleDefinition:Casualstyleisthelanguageusedforsituationsinwhichnosocialbarriersarefeltbytheparticipants.Itisthelanguageusedamongfriendsacquaintances,insiders,andpeoplewithsharedknowledge.Fatures:A.Firstnameingreeting,noformaltitle.B.Oftenusesfragments,contractions,slang.C.Oftenusedinmorerelaxedsituationasindomitory.D.Thereisagreatervariationfromregiontoregion,fromonesocialgrouptoanotherthanformalandotherstyles.CasualstyleDefinition:Casual24Example"I'vetriedit,anditdon'twork;itdon'twork,Tom.Itain'tforme...Thewiddereatsbyabell;shegoestobedbyabell;shegitsupbyabell---everything'ssoawfulreg'larabodycan'tstandit."———TheAdventuresofTomSawyerExample"I'vetriedi25IntimatestyleDefinition:Intimatesty