高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講義以及練習(xí)題（含答案）

高考復(fù)習(xí)干貨之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞什么是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？謂語(yǔ)的形式？非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，簡(jiǎn)單理解就是動(dòng)詞改變形式以后，不做謂語(yǔ)，而是去做除了謂語(yǔ)以外的其他句子成分。（時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的動(dòng)詞全都是謂語(yǔ)，而非謂語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)比較像，注意不要混淆）簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種基本形式，記住三種基本形式以后我們?nèi)ビ涀冃蔚男问健?.什么時(shí)候使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在同一個(gè)句子中有了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，我們還需要用到動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)我們有三個(gè)解決辦法：（1）插入從句；（2）并列句；（3）用非謂語(yǔ)。下邊這三句話(huà)我們判斷，哪一個(gè)需要用非謂語(yǔ)形式？（1）Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofwhich_____(use)itdifferently.（2）Hehadplentyofmoneyandhe__________(spend)itfreely.（3）Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirway____(use)thesunandthestars.是第（3）句需要用非謂語(yǔ)形式。第一句是從句，第二句是并列句，這兩句都需要用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。(注意與時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)區(qū)分) Tobehonest,nospeech_______sofarhashadthesameeffectonmeasthisone.A.hasbeenmadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.tobemade答案：C.這道題我們先要判斷用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：由于句中有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而且不存在從句和并列句，因此選擇非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。那究竟怎么選擇非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式呢，它們又有哪些形式，我們往下看。3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本形式與使用規(guī)則做題總依據(jù)：todo表目的、表將來(lái)，doing表主動(dòng)、表正在進(jìn)行，done表被動(dòng)、表完成。例題1.–Whyaretheypullingdownthehouses?--______anewparkinglot.A.BuildB.TobuildC.BuildingD.Built答案：C.todo表示目的：為了建造停車(chē)場(chǎng)。例題2.______inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.A.BeingraisedB.RaisingC.RaisedD.Toraise答案：C.被動(dòng)和完成的含義：他過(guò)去被撫養(yǎng)在格拉斯哥最窮的地區(qū)。例題3.Clearlyandthoughtfully_____,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.A.writingB.towriteC.writtenD.beingwritten答案：C.被動(dòng)和完成的含義：書(shū)已經(jīng)被寫(xiě)完了。練習(xí)題（1）.Whentheclerksawakindfaceinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,______whethertostayorleave.A.wonderingB.wonderC.towonderD.wondered練習(xí)題（2）.Therearestillmanyproblems______beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.A.solvingB.solvedC.beingsolvedD.tobesolved4.邏輯主語(yǔ)的重要性以及怎么找到邏輯主語(yǔ)？邏輯主語(yǔ)就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)是誰(shuí)？為什么說(shuō)找到邏輯主語(yǔ)很重要，我們回顧剛才的例題3.Clearlyandthoughtfully_____,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.A.writingB.towriteC.writtenD.beingwritten這道題邏輯主語(yǔ)是書(shū)，但是如果把邏輯主語(yǔ)看成人，那么選就應(yīng)該選A，而不是正確答案C.很多同學(xué)都錯(cuò)在找不到邏輯主語(yǔ)上了。邏輯主語(yǔ)尋找方法：在非謂語(yǔ)所在句中先往前尋找主語(yǔ)，如果有名詞/代詞，那么非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前邊的名詞/代詞就是邏輯主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)注意往前找的時(shí)候需要是同一句里的名詞或者代詞，名詞/代詞與非謂語(yǔ)之間不允許有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，否則就不是邏輯主語(yǔ)了。如果往前沒(méi)有名詞或者代詞，那么主句主句就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。5.三種非謂語(yǔ)基本形式的變形：簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)記：be被動(dòng)變形：tobedone表示：為了被……;將要被……beingdone表示：正在被……;只表示被動(dòng)。注意和done區(qū)別開(kāi)(注意：tobedoing表示動(dòng)作主動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行：Theypretendtobeworkingwhenthebosscamein.)have完成變形（多表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作，或強(qiáng)調(diào)完成）：havingdone表示之前主動(dòng)做完某事havingbeendone之前被……tohavedone表示之前主動(dòng)做，不能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，一般需要出現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后邊。tohavebeendone表示之前被……,也不能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，一般出現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后邊。為了記住這些變形，我們看幾個(gè)例句。e.g.Nothavinggotfarinthecontest,wearesodisappointed.(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式：在前邊+not)ProfessorJohnissaidtohavemadesomesignificantadvancesinhisresearch.Havingbeendeniedbymanypotentialcustomers,thesalesmanhadtogatherhiscourageandselltheproductindifferentways.例題：--Didyouhaveagoodtimelastnight?--Yes,thankyou.Iappreciated______totheconcert.A.tobeinvitedB.beinginvitedC.tohavebeeninvitedD.havingbeeninvited詳解：由于appreciate后接doing形式，那么從B或D中選擇，因?yàn)槭亲蛲淼难?qǐng)，過(guò)去了，用D.表示完成。練習(xí)題（3）_____fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.A.ToworkB.WorkedC.TobeworkingD.Havingworked練習(xí)題（4）______nearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordtostayatahotel.A.HavingspentB.TospendC.spentD.Tohavespent練習(xí)題（5）Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearit______liveisquiteanother.A.performB.performingC.toperformD.beingperformed練習(xí)題（6）Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseems____wrongwithit.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone6.注意固定搭配--注意詞組，注意固定句式。有時(shí)候，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是使動(dòng)詞時(shí)，大家就容易做錯(cuò)題，關(guān)于使動(dòng)詞，我們這里不做過(guò)多贅述，做這類(lèi)題想提高正確率，最簡(jiǎn)單的方法，就是背住常考詞組。比如：例題：______toherownwork,shespentlittletimewithherfamily.A.DevotedB.TobedevotedC.DevotingD.Havingdevoted這道題正確答案是A.如果不知道devote是使動(dòng)詞，或者不知道bedevotedtodoing這個(gè)詞組，按照主觀意愿，就會(huì)選為C.同學(xué)們會(huì)認(rèn)為主動(dòng)投入工作，就應(yīng)該選C.所以要積累以下詞組：常考：belocatedin;bedevotedto(sth/doingsth);beabsorbedin;beknownas;beintendedtodo/forsth;bedeterminedtodo;beexpectedtodo……練習(xí)題（7）______(locate)inthecenterofthetown,theshoppingmalliscrowdedwithcustomerseveryday.固定句式：Itremainstobeseen,sthisbelievedtodo(人們認(rèn)為……)—作文萬(wàn)能句子整體非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的規(guī)則我們清楚了之后，大概可以做對(duì)一半的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞題目。另一半題目，需要積累。我們一起看一下，這些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的細(xì)節(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。8.更多todo不定式用法8.1作主語(yǔ)—Toreadthisbookisthebestthingthatyoucandonow.（了解即可--與doing作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：就是todo的動(dòng)作為一次性的，動(dòng)名詞為經(jīng)常性的）經(jīng)常用It作形式主語(yǔ)。常考的句型--Itisadjfor/ofsb+todosth.翻譯句子：對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。你嘲笑殘疾人是不對(duì)的。8.2作賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞后邊再接動(dòng)詞只能接不定式：Decidedetermine,learn,want,expect,hope,wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask,beg,help,seemtodo……還有跟在疑問(wèn)詞后邊的不定式：疑問(wèn)詞+todo作賓語(yǔ)E.g.Idonotknowhowtofixtheequipment.在謂語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞）后，表達(dá)帶有疑問(wèn)的內(nèi)容，直接在todo前加相應(yīng)疑問(wèn)詞。練習(xí)：翻譯“我不知道什么時(shí)候去”Idon’tknowwhentogo.）8.3作表語(yǔ)(了解即可)Hisjobistopaintthewalls.（與doing作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：就是todo的動(dòng)作為一次性的，動(dòng)名詞為經(jīng)常性的）8.4作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)e.gThedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.類(lèi)似的常接補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有：advise,allow,ask,encourage,expect,remind,wish,want,warn,tell，permit，forbid，persuade等接sb時(shí)，接todo(注意沒(méi)有hopesbtodosth)(allow,forbid,permit，advise如果后邊沒(méi)有其他人做賓語(yǔ)，直接接非謂語(yǔ)的話(huà)要接doing.很多學(xué)生在這里也比較猛=懵，注意區(qū)分：Wedon’tallowsmokinghere=Wedon’tallowanyonetosmokehere.)8.5作定語(yǔ)Sheisanicegirltogetalongwith.被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或all,no,any修飾的中心詞，后接不定式作定語(yǔ)。Hewasthefirstonetocome.8.6作狀語(yǔ)表目的：表結(jié)果：?？肌猳nlytodo出乎意料的結(jié)果inorderto,soasto.Wetookanumbrellasoastonottogetwet.表原因：?？肌狪wassohappytoseeheryesterday.形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后接不定式。（beadj+todo）或者直接當(dāng)成固定句式來(lái)記憶—主語(yǔ)+be+adj+todo.例句—Thetaskiseasytofinish.（注意todo用主動(dòng)）Blame(主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)betoblame)9.doing（動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞）9.1作主語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)句型—Itbenouse/nogood/worth+doing注意：doing可以做主語(yǔ)，但是havingdone和havingbeendone不可以。練習(xí)題（8）--WhatmadeBillsoangry?--______.Hisgirlfriendpromisedtocomeat8:30,butshehasnotcomeyet.A.HavingkeptwaitingB.BeingkeptwaitingC.TobekeepingwaitD.Beingkeptwaited9.2作賓語(yǔ)后邊再接動(dòng)詞，只能接doing形式的詞或詞組：consider,admit,putoff,avoid,tolerate,miss,keep,practice,forbid,advise,imagine,mind,can’thelp,feellike,spendtime(in),giveup，havefun,lookforwardto，makecontributionsto,devoteoneselfto,bedevotedto;beabsorbedin;leadto;payattentionto;referto;stickto………9.3作表語(yǔ)(了解即可)Hisjobispaintingwalls.（與todo作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：就是todo的動(dòng)作為一次性的，動(dòng)名詞為經(jīng)常性的）9.4作狀語(yǔ)?？肌狢onsideringyourhealth,you’dbetterhavearest. 類(lèi)似的還有Generallyspeaking,Judgingfrom……10.done(過(guò)去分詞)?？肌肀粍?dòng)表完成。e.gTheycutthemoneyusedinexperiments.常考的詞組：belocatedin;bedevotedto;beknownas;beconnectedwith;beabsorbedin……11.易混點(diǎn)&特例：1.有些表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在分詞表示”令人…”,修飾物，過(guò)去分詞形式的修飾人。Thetripisreallyexciting.Sheisveryexcited.2.有些詞組既可以跟動(dòng)名詞，也可以跟不定式。forgettodo忘記去做forgetdoing忘記做過(guò)remembertodo記得去做rememberdoing記得做過(guò)regrettodo遺憾去做regretdoing后悔做過(guò)stoptodo停下來(lái)手里的事，去做另一件事stopdoing停止做某事trytodo盡力做某事trydoing嘗試做某事meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味著can’thelp(to)do不能幫助做can’thelpdoing(情不自禁做)。Pleaserememberthisletterforme.請(qǐng)記住幫我寄信。(tosend）Iremembertheletterforyou.我記得幫你寄了那封信。（sending）3.感官動(dòng)詞、使役動(dòng)詞分析有些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但是不定式要省略；表賓語(yǔ)主動(dòng)做了某事時(shí)：一感（feel）,二聽(tīng)（hear,listen）,三讓?zhuān)╨et,make,have）,四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）練習(xí)題（9）Helosthiskey.Itmadehim____inthecoldtowaitforhiswife’sreturn.A.tostayB.stayedC.staysD.stay但是變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)必須加上to.Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.使役動(dòng)詞get后接符合賓語(yǔ)其他形式：get+…+todo使……做get+……+doing使…開(kāi)始做get+…+done使被……練習(xí)題（10）Sheoftenmakesascheduletogetherself______ofwhatsheistodointheday.A.remindB.remindedC.remindingD.toremind--感官動(dòng)詞后接賓補(bǔ)其他形式：see+…+doingsth表示看見(jiàn)賓語(yǔ)正在做；see+…+dosth表示看見(jiàn)賓語(yǔ)主動(dòng)做完了，看見(jiàn)了全程；see+…+beingdone表示看見(jiàn)賓語(yǔ)正在被……；see+……+done看見(jiàn)被做，做完了。hear,listen,lookat,watch,notice等與上述see的用法一樣，看賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，根據(jù)意思推斷使用何種形式的非謂語(yǔ)。記住主動(dòng)做了to省略，被動(dòng)還原to.Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.注意：其他省略to的不定式：cannotbut;cannotchoosebut;cannothelpbut翻譯為“不得不”，后接省略to的不定式在連詞but之前如果有動(dòng)詞do,其后的不定式不用to,即donothingbut+動(dòng)詞原形Hedoesnothingbutcomplain.如果but前面的動(dòng)詞不是do,那么一般要帶to.4.find后的情況：sbdoingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做；sth/sbdonesth表完成狀態(tài)。5.catchsbdoingsth撞見(jiàn)某人正在……pretendtobedoing假裝正在做某事6.固定句式：besaidtodo—Heissaidtohavegoneabroad(聯(lián)想主語(yǔ)從句—Itissaidthathehasgoneabroad).beconsideredtodo,besupposedtodo……7.Whenitcomestosth/doingsth英語(yǔ)作文萬(wàn)能句子—當(dāng)說(shuō)起…時(shí)，要論…..havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth8.短語(yǔ)積累beworthytobedone=beworthyofbeingdone=beworthdoing=beworthwhiletodo/doing(物做主語(yǔ))require/deserve/needtobedone=needdoing參考答案：練習(xí)題（1）-（6）：ADDADB練習(xí)題（7）:Located練習(xí)題（8）、(9):BD課后練習(xí)題：1____theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.A．Tothrow B．Thrown C．Beingthrown D．Throwing2.Thelecture________,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.A．beinggiven B．havinggiven C．tobegiven D．havingbeengiven3.____therightdecision_____thefutureisprobablythemostimportantthingwewilleverdoinourlives．A．Making;concerned B．Make;concerningC．Tomake;concerned D．Making;concerning4.TheDiaoyuislandshavebeenpartofChina’sterritorysinceancienttimes,______asimportantfishinggroundsofTaiwan.A．served B．toserve C．serving D．havingserved5.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother'svoice_____him.A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall6.Thehousepricekeeprising，________manypeopletogiveuptheintentionofbuyinghousesA.forcingB.toforceC.forcedD.havingforced7.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_____seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause8.

_________thetemperaturemightdrop,coalwaspreparedforwarming.A．Toconsider B．Considered C．Considering D．Tobeconsidered9.Thewitnesses______bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.A．questioned B．beingquestionedC．tobequestioned D．havingquestioned10.Children，when______bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.tobeaccompanied B．toaccompanyC．a(chǎn)ccompanying D．Accompanied11.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues________withherstories.A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused12._________bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirmind.A.BeingencouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged13.Thiswinter,oneofthelargest______snowstormshitmanyareas. A.recording B.recorded C.beingrecorded D.torecord14.WheneverI’mseatedaloneinthelivingroom.Ifindmyself_________tothepictureonthewall.AattractingBattractedCattractedDbeingattracted15.Thepolicewarnedthatanyone______guiltyoftakingdrugsinthatcountrywouldbeputinprison.A.tofindB.foundC.findingD.havingfound16.Clearlyandthoughtfully________,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.A．writingB．towriteC．writtenD．beingwritten17.Withalotofproblems______here,thenewly-electeddirectorwillhaveahardtime.A.tosolveB.solveC.solvedD.solving18.Withfiveminutes______beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.goB.togoC.goingD.gone19.Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolice______.A．nottodo B．notdo C．notto D．donot20.–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But_____it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.tofind B．find C．tofinding D．Finding21.____toauniversityintheUK,internationalstudentsmustdisplayastrongabilityinspokenandwrittenEnglish.A.HavingbeenadmittedB.TobeadmittedC.BeingadmittedD.Admitted22.Thisistheonlywaywecanimagine________theoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.A．reducing

B．toreduceC．reduced

D．reduce23.—Thelastone__________________paysthemeal.—Agreed!

A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving24.______(locate)inthecenterofthetown,theshoppingmalliscrowdedwithcustomerseveryday.A.LocatedB.LocatingC.BeinglocatedD.Havinglocated25．Theoldblackwomanusedtotellstoriesunderthetalltree,hergrandchildren________aroundand________attentively.Aseating;listeningBseated;listenedCseating;listenedDseated;listening1.【答案】D【解析】整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)只有一個(gè)就是thefans,那么前面的分句扔這個(gè)動(dòng)作顯然是由thefans發(fā)出的,所以是用現(xiàn)在分詞,表示主動(dòng)。2.【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法。句中邏輯主語(yǔ)lecture與動(dòng)詞give是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。beinggiven指正在進(jìn)行的演講；tobegiven將要發(fā)表的演講。having

been

given則強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后，指的是此動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞follow的動(dòng)作之前。句意：發(fā)表演講之后，接下來(lái)是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)提問(wèn)時(shí)間。故D正確。3.【答案】D【解析】第一空為動(dòng)名詞非謂語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)，關(guān)鍵在于動(dòng)詞concern和它的邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。原句的構(gòu)成：考慮到未來(lái)的正確決定，主動(dòng)，所以答案為D。4.【答案】C【解析】釣魚(yú)島自古以來(lái)就是中國(guó)領(lǐng)土的一部分,是臺(tái)灣重要的漁區(qū)（即捕魚(yú)的地方）。

釣魚(yú)島與serveas是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。5.【答案】A【解析】V-ing作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。解析：V-ing常接在感官動(dòng)詞如hear,see,catch,find,smell,feel和某些表“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞keep,have,leave等后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。由題干中的hear可知，空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填calling。6.【答案】A【解析】doing表示結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的房?jī)r(jià)挨，使得放棄買(mǎi)房子的打算。7.【答案】C【解析】南方下了大雨，在幾個(gè)省區(qū)造成嚴(yán)重洪災(zāi)。空格后seriousflooding是rainedheavily的后果，而且句子主語(yǔ)it和cause之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處要用動(dòng)詞的ing形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。選C。8.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)句意，該空須填一個(gè)連詞。considering為連詞，“就……而論；照……來(lái)看”。故選C。9.【答案】A【解析】questioned過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)態(tài)，被警方質(zhì)詢(xún)的目擊者。注意witness是名詞，目擊者，目睹者。10.【答案】D【解析】當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主謂和從句的主謂一致，且謂語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，狀語(yǔ)從句主謂可省略。所以Whentheyareaccompaniedby……變?yōu)椋瑆henaccompaniedby……11.【答案】A【解析】這里考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)。其中amuse與賓語(yǔ)colleagues之間是HYPERLINK"/s?wd=%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%BE%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Ydm1m1P1Rkn1RdmycznAD30ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-T