考研考博-英語-山東女子學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東女子學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itisapopular______thatmoneyalwaysbringshappiness.

問題1選項

A.fallacy

B.creed

C.moral

D.allegory

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項fallacy“謬論，謬誤”，B項creed“信條，教義”，C項moral“道德，寓意”，D項allegory“寓言”。根據(jù)句子可知空格處要填入一個名詞作表語，且后面的that引導同位語對空格處補充說明；根據(jù)that從句的意思“金錢總能帶來幸?！笨芍?，空格部分填入fallacy符合語境。句意：認為金錢總能帶來幸福是一種流行的謬論。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

2.單選題

TheTVnewsmagazinesitspreciselyatthe（

）ofinformationandentertainment,forwhileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither.

問題1選項

A.foundation

B.juncture

C.institution

D.cessation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。foundation“基礎，地基，創(chuàng)立”；juncture“接縫，接合”；institution“制度，建立，（社會或宗教等）公共機構(gòu)”；cessation“停止，中止”。根據(jù)句中“whileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither雖然它不是愚蠢的情景喜劇，但它也不是記錄片?！笨芍崭裉幍木湟馐恰娨曅侣勲s志正好位于信息與娛樂的結(jié)合處，’B選項的“結(jié)合”正確。

3.翻譯題

Directions:Forthispart,youaretotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

西安是我國黃河流域古代文明的重要發(fā)源地之一，與雅典、羅馬、開羅并稱為世界四大古都。西安古稱長安，距今已有3000多年的歷史。自西周時起一直到唐代，先后有12個王朝在這里建都，歷經(jīng)2000余年。漢、唐兩代，更是西安的鼎盛時期。漢代的長安城相當于古羅馬城的3倍，唐代的長安城則為漢長安城的2.4倍，人口多達百萬以上。中華人民共和國成立后，西安一直是西北的政治中心和陜西省省會所在地。

【答案】Xi’anisoneoftheimportantcradlesofancientcivilizationintheYellowRiverValleyofChina,andisknownasthefourancientcapitalsoftheworldtogetherwithAthens,RomeandCairo.Xi’an,knownasChang’aninancienttimes,hasahistoryofmorethan3,000years.FromtheWesternZhouDynastytotheTangDynasty,12dynastiesestablishedtheircapitalshereformorethan2,000years.TheHanandTangdynastiesweretheheydayofXi’an.TheCityofChang’anintheHanDynastywasthreetimesthesizeofancientRome,andthecityofChang’anintheTangDynastywas2.4timesthatofHanChang’an,withapopulationofmorethanonemillion.SincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,Xi’anhasbeenthepoliticalcenterofnorthwestChinaandthecapitalofShanxiProvince.

4.單選題

Aircraftandrocketcanbeusedtocollectradioactivedebris,whilehigh-altitudesatellitescarrydetectorsforgammaraysandotheremissions.

問題1選項

A.diffusion

B.remains

C.glitter

D.transfer

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。debris表示“碎片，殘骸”。A項diffusion“擴散，傳播”，B項remain“遺留，殘骸”，C項glitter“閃光，燦爛”，D項transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意：飛機和火箭可以用來收集放射性碎片，而高空衛(wèi)星攜帶探測伽馬射線和其他輻射的探測器。根據(jù)句意，該題選B正確。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

這一點，加上這里的多元化社會、不拘禮儀的生活方式和宜人的氣候，使得國外英才近悅遠來。

一般來說，人可以分為三類：累死的人，愁死的人和煩死的人。

愛情是人類不變的追求，改變的只是人們對愛情的闡釋。

人類歷史發(fā)展長河中，人們主要關心的是能源有利的一面。

僅僅知道什么是對，什么是錯是不夠的，還必須能把這一知識運用到具體情況中。

【答案】This,alongwiththepluralisticsociety,aninformallifestyleandpleasantclimate,attractsforeigntalentstoitsshores.

Generallyspeaking,humanbeingscouldbedividedintothreetypes:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andwhoareannoyedtodeath.

Loveishuman’sconstantpursuit.Thethingthatchangedistheinterpretationofit.

Duringthehistoryofhumandevelopment,thedominantconcernsaboutenergyhavecenteredonthebenefitsideofenergy.

Itisnotenoughtotellrightfromwrong.Itisnecessarytoapplythisknowledgetothespecificsituations.

6.翻譯題

Ithappenseverysemester.AstudenttriumphantlypointsoutthatJean-JacquesRousseauisundermininghimselfwhenheclaims“themanwhoreflectsisadepravedanimal”，orthatRalphWaldoEmerson’scallforself-relianceisineffectacallforrelianceonEmersonhimself.

Ourbestcollegestudentsareverygoodatbeingcritical.Infact,beingsmart,formany,meansbeingcritical.

strongcriticalskillsshowsthatyouwillnotbeeasilyfooled.Itisasignofsophistication,especiallywhencoupledwithanacknowledgmentofone’sown“privilege”.

Theskillatunmaskingerrorsisnottotallywithoutvalue,butweshouldbewaryofcreatingaclassofself-satisfieddebunkers—or,touseacurrentlyfashionablewordoncampus,peoplewholiketo“trouble”ideas.Inoverdevelopingthecapacitytoshowhowtexts，instructionsorpeoplefailtoaccomplishwhattheysetouttodo，wemaybedeprivingstudentsofthechancetolearnasmuchaspossiblefromwhattheystudy.

Incampuscultureswherebeingsmartmeansbeingacriticalunmasker,studentsmaybecometoogoodatshowinghowthingscan’tpossiblymakesense.

Theymaydosethemselvesofffromtheirpotentialtofindorcreatemeaninganddirectionfromthebooks，musicandexperimentstheyencounterintheclassroom.

Onceoutsidetheuniversity，thesestudentsmaytrytoscorepointsbydisplayingthecriticalprowessforwhichtheywererewardedinschool，butthosepointsoftencomeattheirownexpense.

LiberaleducationinAmericahaslongbeencharacterizedbytheintertwiningoftwotraditions:ofcriticalinquiryinpursuitoftruthandexuberantperformanceinpursuitofexcellence.Inthelasthalf-century，emphasisoninquiryhasbecomedominant，andithasoftenbeenreducedtotheabilitytoexposeerrorandunderminebelief.Theinquirerhastakentheguiseofthesophisticatedspectator，ratherthanthemessyparticipantincontinuingexperimentsoreventhereverentbeholderofgreatculturalachievements.

【答案】

具備突出的批判能力表明你不會輕易被騙。這是成熟精明的標志，尤其是跟自己得到承認的“特權”結(jié)合起來看，更是如此。

過度培養(yǎng)這樣的能力，即證明文章、教導和人們?nèi)绾螞]有達到初衷的能力，我們或許會剝奪學生們通過學習獲取盡可能多知識的機會。

他們可能也扼殺了自己的潛能，一種學生通過課堂上的書本、音樂和實驗來發(fā)現(xiàn)或建構(gòu)意義和方向的潛力。

一旦走出大學，這些學生或許會試圖通過展現(xiàn)超凡的批判能力來出風頭，因為在學校時，他們曾因這種能力而得到嘉獎，但這種風頭常常讓他們自己付出代價。

但在過去半個世紀，對探究的強調(diào)占了上風，而且探究往往被簡化為揭露錯誤和破壞信念的能力。

7.寫作題

Directions:Writeacompositiononthetopic"TheSocialFunctionofHealth".Youshouldwriteatleast250wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow:

1.健康在個人行使社會功能中的作用。

2.健康對于整個社會的作用。

3.健康不僅是醫(yī)學問題，更是社會問題。

【答案】略

8.單選題

LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.（1）.

Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thekindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.

（2）.Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocks

formedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownothing.

（3）.Therewerealsocrab-likecreatures,whosebodieswerecovered

withahomysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.

（4）.Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.

（5）.

About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammals,thoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.

問題1選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

問題2選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

問題3選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

問題4選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

問題5選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:F

第3題:E

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】（1）空前指出許多動物滅絕了，而接下來第二段指出，我們可以根據(jù)石頭推測已滅絕的動物形狀。前后為對立的兩種情況,而B項開頭的nevertheless正好表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是：盡管如此，我們對它們了解很多，因為它們的骨頭和貝殼是作為化石保存在巖石中的。從它們我們可以看出它們的大小和形狀，它們走路的方式，它們吃的食物種類。該選項起到了銜接第一段和第二段的作用。

（2）此空時銜接第二段和第三段,選項F的最后一句與空白后的第一句密切相關?？瞻缀蟮谝痪渲v：我們所知道的幾乎所有化石都是被保存在了由于水的作用而形成的巖石中，而且大多都是生活在水里或水邊的動物。選項F提到：becarriedawaybystreamsintolakesorthesea,getcoveredbymud等，都是在講水的作用形成化石；而最后一句“直到其骨頭或外殼嵌進石頭并被保存下來”，空格后也有一個preserved與之對應。因此F為此處正確答案。F意為：動物死后，其身體、骨骼或外殼通常會被溪流帶走，流入湖泊或海洋，并被泥土覆蓋。如果這只動物生活在海里，它的身體可能會下沉并被泥土覆蓋。越來越多的泥土會落在上面，直到骨頭或貝殼被嵌入并保存下來。

（3）53空后一句:還有像螃蟹一樣的生物，其身體表面是一層角狀物。緊接著后面部分介紹了這類動物的外貌特征?？蘸笠痪溆幸粋€“also”，由此推測空格處應該是關于另一種海洋生物。選項E提到starlilies這種海洋生物。E意為：最早被發(fā)現(xiàn)的動物都是非常簡單的動物，生活在海里。后來的形態(tài)更為復雜，其中包括海百合、星魚的關系，星魚有長長的手臂，被一根長莖附在海床或巖石上。

（4）空格處后一句為:Ofthese,theammonitesare…shell…animal,說明ammonites是前面所提某種動物中的一個例子，它們的特點是“有殼"。據(jù)此推測此處應為A項。A意為：有殼的水生動物在化石中的歷史很久了，而且已知的有很多不同的種類。

（5）55空上段主要講的是有殼水生動物。下段第一句講：大約7500萬年前，爬行動物時代結(jié)束了。由此可知，要填入的文字應該既承接上段提到的有殼水生動物，又能夠引出下文的爬行動物這樣的內(nèi)容。只有選項C中有相關的詞gaverisetothereptiles。C意為：第一批真正有脊椎的動物是魚類，最早出現(xiàn)在3.75億年前的巖石中。大約3億年前，兩棲動物出現(xiàn)了，它們能夠在陸地和水中生活。它們是巨大的，有時長達8英尺，其中許多生活在我們的煤層或巖層形成的沼澤水池中。兩棲動物產(chǎn)生了爬行動物，在近1.5億年的時間里，這些爬行動物是陸地、海洋和空中的主要生命形式。

9.翻譯題

教育很可能是現(xiàn)在爭議最大、爭議最多的一個題目。在一個國家未來的經(jīng)濟增長越來越依靠科學和技術的時候，教育在一個國家未來的前途中起著決定性的作用。今天，享受教育的特權已不再限于極少部分人。教育的發(fā)展是如此之快，它現(xiàn)在已成為一個大行業(yè)。事實上，它是最大的行業(yè)，其雇傭的人數(shù)和所付的工資比其他任何一個全國性企業(yè)的都要多。有一些教育機構(gòu)包裝得非常漂亮，借以提高知名度和吸引學生。在一定意義上講，教育已經(jīng)變成一種商品。從事教育的人對商業(yè)化這個說法會感到很不舒服，但是，恐怕除了少數(shù)例外，很多大學已經(jīng)陷入了演變成有利可圖的大規(guī)模制造廠的過程中。培養(yǎng)心智不再吃香；推銷可出售的技能成了時髦。這就是教育的悲劇。不用說，某種拯救教育以防其更加衰落的具有想象力的辦法和共同努力早就該出臺了。競爭性的考試應該由素質(zhì)教育取代，死記硬背應該讓位于創(chuàng)造性和解決實際問題的能力的培養(yǎng)。只有這樣，我們才能迎來教育的真正進步。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Nowadayseducationisprobablyoneofthemostcontroversialandhotlycontestedtopics.Whenacountry'seconomicgrowthinthefuturedependsmoreandmoreonscienceandtechnology,educationplaysadecisiveroleinitsfuture.Todayenjoyingtheprivilegeofreceivingeducationisnotconfinedtoaverysmallnumberofpeople.Thedevelopmentofeducationissorapidthatithasnowbecomeahugeindustry.Asamatteroffact,itisthebiggestindustry,whichemploysmorepeopleandpaysmorewagesthananyothernationalenterprise.Someeducationalorganizationsareveryattractiveinpackingwherebytheycanenhancetheirpopularityandattractstudents.Inasense,educationhasbecomeacommodity.Educatorsmayfeeluncomfortablewiththeideaofcommercialization.Butexceptforsomeexceptions,mostcollegesanduniversitiesarealreadyinvolvedintheprocessofevolvingintolarge-scaleprofitablemanufacturers.Cultivatingmentalityisnolongersought-after;promotingsalableskillshasbecomeafashion,whichisthetragedyofeducation.Needlesstosay,acertainimaginativewaytorescueeducationfromitsdeclineandjointeffortsshouldhaveappearedlongago.Competitivetestsshouldbereplacedbyquality-orientededucation;learningbyroteshouldgivewaytocultivatingcreativityandabilitytosolvepracticalproblems.Onlyinthiswaycanwegreetagenuineprogressineducation.

10.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10%)

愛燈不僅是為了驅(qū)除黑暗，不只是由于光的照明作用，還在于觀看燈下的繽紛人生。

七十年代初，我流放的小山村尚未建立發(fā)電站，入夜只能生活在黑暗里?；纳胶?，為節(jié)省燈油的山民們很早入眠，唯獨我們這一戶外來的人家還亮著小油燈。

山居生活寂寞單調(diào)，冬夜僵冷的黑暗也更是難堪。從小鎮(zhèn)買來帶有玻璃罩的油燈光芒是微弱的。為了獲得更多的光亮，我試用廢棄的瓶瓶罐罐制作了許多形態(tài)不一的小油燈。

每盞小油燈都綻開一朵火花，奉獻小小的光亮。微弱的光也能劃破黑暗，對沉沉的黑夜是一種無言的反抗。即使熄滅了，它也燃燒過。何況還能再一次點燃，繼續(xù)以它怯弱而又勇敢的火光向黑夜挑戰(zhàn)。我滿心喜悅地觀賞著我自己手下誕生的一點光明。在長夜漫漫的動亂歲月里，它燃起了我精神上的火焰。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Lifeinthemountainvillagewasboringandalwaysmadeonefeellonely,andthecoldwinternightwasevenharder.Theglass-tubeoillampboughtinthetowngaveoutonlyveryfeeblelight.Inordertogetmorelight,Itriedandmademanylittleoillampsofvariousshapeswithallkindsofusedbottlesandpots.

Everylittleoillampgaveoutalittlefire,givingoutalittlelight.Thefeeblelightcouldaswellshinethroughthedarkness,asilentprotestagainstthedarknight.Eventhoughtheywouldfinallyburnout,theyatleasthadlitandcouldbelitagainanddefythedarknightwiththeirfeeblebutbravefirelight.Iwasfilledwithhappinesswatchingthetinylightofmyowncreation.Itwastheselightsthatlitupthefireofmyspiritduringthoselonganddarkdaysofpoliticalturmoil.

11.翻譯題

思維這一主題是心理學的一個研究領域，許多觀察者在研究機器人和計算機時都考慮到了這一方面：一些由來已久的關于AI（人工智能）的憂慮與計算機能否思考密切相關。第一批巨大的能快速運算（即使往往不太可靠）并且?guī)缀趸蛲耆荒苓M行創(chuàng)造性活動的電子計算機，不久便被稱作“電腦”。接著很快便產(chǎn)生了對這一術語的反應：為了做到恰如其分，人們把計算機稱作“高速白癡”，以保護人類的虛榮心。在這樣一種氛圍里，人們很少考慮計算機可以實際上具有生命的可能性：計算機竟有可能思考，這已經(jīng)夠糟糕的了。但并不是人人都意識到“高速白癡”這一稱謂的含義是什么。人們很少提到的是：即使是人類中的白癡，也是地球上最有智慧的生命形態(tài)之一，如果早期的計算機就有那么聰明，那已經(jīng)就是很了不起的事了。

【答案】Thetopicofthoughtisoneareaofpsychology,andmanyobservershaveconsideredthisaspectinconnectionwithrobotsandcomputers:someoftheoldworriesaboutAI(artificialintelligence)werecloselylinkedtothequestionofwhethercomputerscouldthink.Thefirstmassiveelectroniccomputers,capableofrapid(ifoftenunreliable)computationandlittleornocreativeactivity,weresoonnamed“electronicbrains”.Areactiontothisterminologyquicklyfollowed:Toputthemintheirplace,computerswerecalled“high-speedidiots”,anefforttoprotecthumanvanity.Insuchaclimate,thepossibilityofcomputersactuallybeingalivewasrarelyconsidered:itwasbadenoughthatcomputersmightbecapableofthought.Butnoteveryonerealizedtheimplicationsoftheexpressionthe“high-speedidiot”tag.Ithasnotbeenpointedoutoftenenoughthateventhehumanidiotisoneofthemostintelligentlifeformsontheearth.Iftheearlycomputerswereeventhatintelligent,itwasalreadyaremarkablestateofaffairs.

12.單選題

We（）afigureofamanclingingtothemastoftheship.

問題1選項

A.discerned

B.dispatched

C.dissipated

D.diminished

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：我們（）那個倚靠在船桅桿的人。discerned認出，識別；dispatched派遣，分派；dissipated驅(qū)散，放蕩；diminished減少，縮小。因此，A項符合句意。

13.單選題

Fertilizer,naturalsubstanceormixtureisusedto（）soilsoastopromoteplantgrowth.

問題1選項

A.enact

B.enlarge

C.enclose

D.enrich

【答案】D

【解析】句意:肥料、自然物質(zhì)或混合物被用來使土地肥沃,以促進植物生長。

考查動詞辨析。Enact通過(法律),扮演,擔任…角色;enlarge擴大,擴充,擴展;enclose圍繞,放入封套;enrich使充實,使肥沃,使富足。故D符合句意。

14.單選題

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

問題1選項

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】考查主謂一致。通過分析句子，可知句子缺少的是謂語動詞，主語是thegrowth，謂語動詞應該用單數(shù)，選項D符合題意。

15.單選題

Sometheoristsviewalmostallcrimesaspolitical.Theyviewthemeitherasanactbytheruling（1）torepresstheworkingclassoranactbytheworkingclassto（2）thatrepresentativeregime.Ishall（3）,usethetermpoliticalcrimeinanarrower（4）—todescribecrimesdesignedeitherto（5）ortomaintainthesocialorder.Crimestochangethesocialorderincludetreason(betrayingone’scountry)andsedition(rebellion,ortheattempttoviolently（6）thegovernment).Theyalsoincludeillegalgroupactivitiesdesignedto（7）socialchange,suchasdraftresistanceorburningthenationalflag.

Thesecond（8）ofpoliticalcrime,illegalactivitiesdesignedtomaintainthe（9）socialorderincludestheillegalactivitiesoftheCIA,theirsecret（10）offoreigngovernments,theirassassinationsandtheir（11）surveillance.TheillegalactivitiesoftheFBI,suchastheburglariesthey（12）andthetensofthousandsofletterstheyillegally（13）andphotographed,arealsopoliticalcrimes.（14）socialproblemsareamatterofdefinitionratherthan（15）factisclearlyillustratedbypoliticalcrimes.Somepeopleseetheillegalactivitiesofthosewhowanttochangethesocialorderasamajorsocialproblem,（16）theyregardthepoliticalcrimesofgovernmentasnecessaryto（17）thedomesticorder.Othersviewtheillegalactsofgovernmentofficialsasan（18）socialproblem,becausetheydestroytheveryconstitutionalsystemthattheofficialssweartomaintain.Forothersstill,politicalcrime,whetherto（19）orchangethestatusquo,isasocialproblem（20）theactsthemselvesareillegal.

問題1選項

A.paradox

B.expertise

C.elite

D.doctrine

問題2選項

A.resist

B.revolt

C.revert

D.recruit

問題3選項

A.moreover

B.therefore

C.likewise

D.however

問題4選項

A.meaning

B.sense

C.sensation

D.concept

問題5選項

A.alter

B.delete

C.cancel

D.abandon

問題6選項

A.overcome

B.overthrow

C.withhold

D.undergo

問題7選項

A.remedy

B.plunge

C.enlist

D.force

問題8選項

A.type

B.choice

C.rate

D.grade

問題9選項

A.coherent

B.municipal

C.prevailing

D.obsolete

問題10選項

A.negotiation

B.interpretation

C.manipulation

D.exploration

問題11選項

A.domestic

B.customary

C.dramatic

D.patriotic

問題12選項

A.conducted

B.committed

C.performed

D.transmitted

問題13選項

A.wrote

B.opened

C.delivered

D.received

問題14選項

A.That

B.Those

C.Some

D.All

問題15選項

A.obstinate

B.obscure

C.obedient

D.objective

問題16選項

A.if

B.as

C.since

D.although

問題17選項

A.abolish

B.decompose

C.secure

D.refute

問題18選項

A.individual

B.indispensable

C.extreme

D.additional

問題19選項

A.upgrade

B.uphold

C.update

D.upset

問題20選項

A.while

B.although

C.unless

D.because

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:C

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

A.paradox悖論B.expertise專門知識

C.elite上層統(tǒng)治集團D.doctrine信條

【答案】C

【考查點】修飾語與被修飾語的搭配

【解題思路】原文中空格處的修飾語為“統(tǒng)治的（theruling____）”，并且介詞短語bytheruling（1）修飾“一種行為（anact）”，由此可知空格處所填的內(nèi)容是可以采取行為的實體，后文提到這種行為的內(nèi)容為“壓迫工人階級”，因此，四個選項中只有C選項elite“上層統(tǒng)治集團”可以滿足前后文搭配。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合原文前后文搭配。

【句意】他們認為這要么是統(tǒng)治階級壓迫工人階級的行為……

第2題:【選項釋義】

A.resist抵抗vt.B.revolt反抗；反叛vi.

C.revert歸還；回復D.recruit征募（新兵）

【答案】A

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】根據(jù)選項和原文可知，空格處應填入一個動詞，該動作的施事為“工人階級”，受事為“那個代議制政府”，動詞后帶賓語，是一個及物動詞。前文提到“要么是統(tǒng)治階級壓迫工人階級的行為”，空格部分的句意為“要么是工人階級____那個代議制政府的行為”。因此，及物動詞A選項resist“抵制”符合原文語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】

B選項revolt“反抗”，不及物動詞，常搭配介詞against使用；

C選項revert“歸還；回復”，不符合原文語義銜接；

D選項recruit“征募（新兵）”，不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】他們認為，這要么是統(tǒng)治階級壓迫工人階級的行為，要么是工人階級反抗那個代議制政府的行為。

第3題:【選項釋義】

A.moreover此外B.therefore因此

C.likewise同樣地D.however然而

【答案】D

【考查點】句間邏輯

【解題思路】前文提到“一些理論家認為幾乎所有的犯罪都是政治性的（almostallcrimesaspolitical）?！笨崭裉幩诰涮岬阶髡摺皩⒃谝粋€更窄的（4）中使用‘政治犯罪’這個詞——用來描述為了（5）或維護社會秩序的犯罪”。由此可知，作者對政治性犯罪的定義與前文提到的某些理論家的定義是不一樣的，前后文之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關系，因此，D選項however“然而”符合句間邏輯。

【干擾項排除】

A選項moreover“此外”，表示遞進，不符合原文句間邏輯；

B選項therefore“因此”，表示因果，不符合原文句間邏輯；

C選項likewise“同樣地”，表示前后相似，不符合原文句間邏輯。

【句意】然而，我將在一個