考研考博-英語-唐山職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-唐山職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Oneofthepleasantestthingsintheworldisgoingonajourney:butIliketodoitmyselfcanenjoysocietyinaroom,butoutofdoors,natureiscompanyforme.Iamthenneverlessalonethanwhenalone.Icannotseethewitofwalkingandtalkingatthesametime.WhenIaminthecountry,Iwishtovegetatelikethecountry.Ilikesolitude,whenIgivemyselfuptoit,forthesakeofsolitude;nordoIaskfor"afriendinmyretreat,whomImaywhispersweet.""Givemetheclearblueskyovermyhead,andthegreenturfbeneathmyfeet,awindingroadbeforeme,andathreehours’marchtodinnerandIbegintofeel,think,andbemyselfagain.Insteadofanawkwardsilence,brokenbyattemptsatwitordullcommonplaces,mineisthatundisturbedsilenceoftheheartwhichaloneisperfecteloquence.

Othershavedifferentopinions."Letmehaveacompanionofmyself:saysthenovelistLawrenceSterne,"wereitbuttoremarkhowtheshadowslengthenasthesundeclines"Itisbeautifullysaid:butinmyopinion,thiscontinualcomparingofnotesinterfereswiththeinvoluntaryimpressionofthingsuponthemindanddilutestheexperience.Ifyouhavetoexplainwhatyoufeel,itismakingatoolofapleasure.Youcannotreadthebookofnaturewithoutbeingperpetuallyputtothetroubleoftranslatingitforthebenefitofothers.

Thereisonesubjectonwhichitispleasanttotalkonajourney.Igrant,andthatis.Whatoneshallhaveforsupperwhenwegettoourinnatnight.Everymileoftheroadheightenstheflavorofthemealweexpectattheendofit.Howfineisittoentersomeoldtown,walledandturreted,justatapproachofnightfall,ortocometosomestragglingvillage,withthelightssteamingthroughthesurroundinggloom;andthenafterinquiringforthebestentertainmentthattheplaceaffords,"totakeone'seaseatone’sinn!""Theseeventfulmomentsinourliveshistoryaretooprecious,toofoilofsolid,heart-felthappinesstobefritteredanddribbledawayinsolitude.

1.Theauthorofthepassagewouldagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttravelingalone?

2.Thestatementinlines2-3(Iam...alone)isanexampleof（

）.

3.Stemementions"theshadows(line11)asanexampleofa

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraphofthispassage,theauthordoeswhichofthefollowing?

5.Thephysicaldescriptionofthe“town"(line18)and’’village”(line19)primarilyconveyasenseof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itsenjoymentislargelyamatterofpersonalinclination

B.Itsdifficultiesareeasilyunderestimatedbyinexperiencedtraveler.

C.Itenablesonetomakemuchbettertimethanwhentravelingwithacompanion

D.Itisnotasmuchfunastravelingwithanotherperson

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anapology

B.ametaphor

C.aparadox

D.aeuphemism

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.specializedinsightthatonlyaseasonedtravelercanbringtobearonasituation

B.observationthattravelersmightenjoysharingnonetheless

C.thoughtlesscommentthattravelersareapttomaketotheirguides

D.beautifulsightthatcannotbecommunicatedaccuratelytothosewhodonottravelfrequently

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.admitstoasuddenchangeofheart

B.notesanexceptiontoapreviouslystatedpreference

C.expressesregretaboutanoverlysweepinggeneralization

D.pointsoutacommonmisconception

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.forebodingisolation

B.ruralpoverty

C.eccentriccustom

D.provincialcharm

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段提到作者喜歡一個(gè)人住，就算到了戶外，自然這個(gè)伴侶對他來說也已經(jīng)足夠（butoutofdoors,natureiscompanyforme），文章第二段第一句提到其他人有不同觀點(diǎn)（Othershavedifferentopinions）。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第一段第二句話Iamthenneverlessalonethanwhenalone提到那時(shí)候我雖然身體上是孤獨(dú)的，但是我從不覺得孤獨(dú)。選項(xiàng)C“似是而非的雋語”，表示貌似矛盾，實(shí)際上蘊(yùn)含了人生哲理，符合題意。

3.文章第二段第二句話"Letmehaveacompanionofmyself:saysthenovelistLawrenceSterne,"wereitbuttoremarkhowtheshadowslengthenasthesundeclines"提到斯特恩曾講過“哪怕那個(gè)陪伴我的人只講一些太陽落山，影子變斜之類的話都可以”。但是在作者看來，這種做法會(huì)破壞一個(gè)人對自然的感受，影響心緒。因此，作者提到“陰影”這個(gè)例子是為了說明伴侶之間的行處話題，選項(xiàng)B“旅行者仍然可能喜歡分享”符合題意。

4.作者在前文中提到喜歡旅行獨(dú)處，因?yàn)椴粩嘟粨Q意見會(huì)擾亂心神，但是最后一段中提到旅途中有一個(gè)話題是很愉快的，那就是就餐問題（Thereisonesubjectonwhichitispleasanttotalkonajourney.Igrant,andthatis.Whatoneshallhaveforsupperwhenwegettoourinnatnight），這就是上文中獨(dú)處不語的例外。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提到能夠進(jìn)入到一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)是一件令人愉快的事，可以領(lǐng)略到不同的風(fēng)土人情（Howfineisittoentersomeoldtown,walledandturreted,justatapproachofnightfall,ortocometosomestragglingvillage,withthelightssteamingthroughthesurroundinggloom;andthenafterinquiringforthebestentertainmentthattheplaceaffords）?？芍?，小鎮(zhèn)跟村莊的描繪傳達(dá)的是鄉(xiāng)土魅力，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemicofsleepinessinthenation.“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,”saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.

Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David.“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.”

Perhapsthemostmercilessrubberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram.“Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours’sleep.Ifyou’vegottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.”

Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David.“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.”

1.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad_______.

2.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans_______.

3.ManyAmericansbelievethat_______.

4.Theword“subjects”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto_______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nodriveandambition

B.noelectriclighting

C.thebestsleephabits

D.somethingtodointheevening

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflife

B.oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit

C.donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperly

D.cangetbyon6.5hoursofsleep

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusy

B.theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylife

C.tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeoftheday

D.enoughsleeppromotespeople’sdriveandambition

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficit

B.specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudied

C.peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudied

D.thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.improveone’smemorydramatically

B.beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople

C.maintainone’sdailyschedule

D.feelenergeticandperformadequately

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.（我們睡眠不足危機(jī)的開始可以追溯到一個(gè)世紀(jì)前燈泡的發(fā)明。）”以及后文的“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.（當(dāng)天很黑，我們晚上在農(nóng)場無所事事的時(shí)候，最好的睡眠習(xí)慣曾經(jīng)強(qiáng)加在我們身上。）”，由此可知那時(shí)因?yàn)橥砩弦驗(yàn)闆]有照明所以農(nóng)場里沒有事情可做，人們不得不養(yǎng)成了睡9.5個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠習(xí)慣，所以B選項(xiàng)“無電氣照明”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“沒有動(dòng)力和野心”文中沒有提到，C選項(xiàng)“最佳睡眠習(xí)慣”不符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“晚上有事要做”說法錯(cuò)誤，文中說到了他們晚上無事可做。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit...Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.（人們在睡眠中作弊，他們甚至沒有意識到這件事……他們認(rèn)為自己沒事，因?yàn)樗麄冇X得睡6.5個(gè)小時(shí)就夠了，但實(shí)際上他們需要7.5、8個(gè)小時(shí)甚至更多時(shí)間的睡眠才能感到精力充沛）”，由此可知美國人經(jīng)常睡眠不足，但他們不以為然，甚至忽視睡眠不足的后果，因此B選項(xiàng)“常常忽視睡眠不足的后果”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“即使在生活的壓力下也精力充沛”和C選項(xiàng)“不知道如何適當(dāng)?shù)胤潘勺约骸蔽恼聸]有提到；D選項(xiàng)“只需6.5小時(shí)的睡眠”說法有誤，文章提到他們自認(rèn)為6.5個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠足夠，事實(shí)上是完全不夠的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram.（每當(dāng)來自工作、家庭、朋友和社區(qū)的壓力增加時(shí)，許多人認(rèn)為睡眠是他的計(jì)劃中最便宜的項(xiàng)目）”，由此可知美國人常常認(rèn)為在忙碌時(shí)，睡眠是第一件可以犧牲的事，因此A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一個(gè)人忙碌時(shí)，睡眠是第一件可以犧牲掉的事”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“他們需要更多的睡眠來應(yīng)付日常生活的復(fù)雜性”與原文意思相反，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“睡眠是一天中任何時(shí)候都可以做的事”和D選項(xiàng)“充足的睡眠促進(jìn)人們的動(dòng)力和野心”文章沒有提及，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.（為了確定睡眠不足所產(chǎn)生的后果，研究人員讓subjects通過一系列心理和行為的測試，要求他們把一欄數(shù)字相加或者回憶剛讀過的文章。）”，由該句意思可推斷出subjects應(yīng)該指人。A選項(xiàng)“睡眠缺乏研究中的性能測試”；B選項(xiàng)“正在研究的特殊知識分支”；C選項(xiàng)“行為或反應(yīng)被研究的人”；D選項(xiàng)“睡眠不足的心理后果”。其中C選項(xiàng)更符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段“...theyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.（他們需要7.5、8個(gè)小時(shí)甚至更多時(shí)間的睡眠才能感到精力充沛）”以及最后一段“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers...Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.（我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果你睡眠不足，你的表現(xiàn)就會(huì)受到影響……短期記憶被削弱，做決定和集中注意力的能力也被削弱）”，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“感到精力充沛，表現(xiàn)良好”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“明顯提高一個(gè)人的記憶力”；B選項(xiàng)“在別人看來充滿活力”；C選項(xiàng)“保持每天的日程安排”都不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thelawyerthoughtthatpieceofevidencewas（）earlyintheinvestigationbutitturnedouttobevitalinconvictingthemanoftheft.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unchangeable

B.insignificant

C.inevitable

D.unsuitable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unchangeable“無法改變的”；insignificant“無關(guān)緊要的”；inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”;unsuitable“不適合的”。根據(jù)表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but可知前后有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，后面提到“它（證據(jù)）成為指控那個(gè)男人盜竊的關(guān)鍵證據(jù)”，可知前面的內(nèi)容是認(rèn)為這個(gè)證據(jù)“無關(guān)緊要”，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Assoonasshecoulddosowithoutanappearanceofbeingrude,shepretendedto（）rose,andlefthimtherealone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.faint

B.urge

C.yawn

D.sink

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。faint“昏倒，變得昏迷”；urge“催促，推進(jìn)”；yawn“打哈欠”；sink“下沉”。句意：只要她可以這么做而又不顯得無禮時(shí)，她假裝打了個(gè)哈欠，然后起身，留下他獨(dú)自呆在那里。只有C項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeaircraftengineeringdifficult:theneedtomakeeverycomponentasreliableaspossibleandtheneedtobuildeverythingaslightaspossible.Thefactthatanairplaneisupintheairandcannotstopifanythinggoeswrong,makesitperhapsamatteroflifeanddeaththatitsperformanceisabsolutelydependable.

Givenacertainpowerofengine,andconsequentlyacertainfuelconsumption,thereisapracticallimittothetotalweightofanaircraftthatcanbemadetofly.Outofthatweightasmuchaspossibleiswantedforfuel,radionavigationalinstruments,passengerseats,orfreightroom,andofcourse,thepassengersandaircraftthemselves.Sothestructureoftheaircrafthastobeassmallandlightassafetyandefficiencywillallow.Thedesignersofitmustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwillbear.Thisspecialistiscalledthe"stressman".Hetakesaccountofanyunusualstressthatmaybeputonthepartasaprecautionagainsterrorsinmanufacture,accidentdamage,etc.

Thestressman'scalculationsgotothedesignerofthepart,andhemustmakeitasstrongasthestressmansayisnecessary.Oneortwosamplesarealwaystestedtoprovethattheyareasstrongasthedesignerintended.Eachseparatepartistested,andthenthewholeassembly—forexample,acompletewing,andfinallythewholeairplane.Whenanewtypeofairplaneismade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthreewillbeflown.Twowillbedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.Thethirdonewillbetestedintheair.

Whenaplanehaspassedallthetestsitcangetagovernmentcertificateofairworthiness,withoutwhichitisillegaltofly,exceptfortestflying.

Makingtheworkingpartsreliableisasdifficultasmakingthestructurestrongenough.Theflyingcontrols,theelectricalequipment,thefireprecautions,etc.mustnotonlybelightinweight,butmustworkbothathighaltitudeswherethetemperaturemaybebelowfreezingpointandinthehotairofanairfieldinthetropics.

Tosolvealltheseproblemstheaircraftindustryhasalargenumberofresearchworkers,withelaboratelaboratoriesandtesthousesandnewmaterialstogivethebeststrengthinrelationtoweightareconstantlybeingtested.

1.Thetwomainrequirementsofaircraftdesignare（

）.

2.Themaximumpossibleweightofanaircraftisdeterminedby

（

）.

3.Thestressman'sjobisto

（

）.

4.Thefirstthreeairplanesofanewtype

（

）.

5.Allequipmentinanaircraftmust（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speedandcost

B.reliabilityandpassengercomfort

C.lightnessanddependability

D.abilitytostayupintheairandreliability

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theengineerpower

B.theamountoffreightroom

C.thenumberofpassengers

D.internationalregulations

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.testhowsafetheplaneis

B.calculatehowstrongeachpartmustbe

C.workouthowheighttheplanemayflyat

D.controltheamountofluggageeachpassengermaycarry

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.areonlyforshow

B.arealldestroyed

C.arelaterbrokenupforspareparts

D.areusedfortestingpurposes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.betestedtodestruction

B.notbetoolightinweight

C.workespeciallywellathightemperatures

D.workperfectlywithinawiderangeoftemperatures

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeaircraftengineeringdifficult:theneedtomakeeverycomponentasreliableaspossibleandtheneedtobuildeverythingaslightaspossible.（有兩件主要的事情使飛機(jī)工程變得困難：需要使每一個(gè)部件盡可能可靠，以及需要建造一切盡可能輕的東西）可知C選項(xiàng)“輕便與可靠性”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Givenacertainpowerofengine,andconsequentlyacertainfuelconsumption,thereisapracticallimittothetotalweightofanaircraftthatcanbemadetofly.（考慮到一定的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率，并由此產(chǎn)生一定的燃料消耗，可以飛行的飛機(jī)的總重量有一個(gè)實(shí)際的限制）可知飛機(jī)的最大可能重量由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率決定的，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Thedesignersofitmustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwillbear.（設(shè)計(jì)人員必須計(jì)算每個(gè)零件將承受的正常載荷）可知B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算每個(gè)部分能承受的正常重量”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Whenanewtypeofairplaneismade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthreewillbeflown.Twowillbedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.Thethirdonewillbetestedintheair.（當(dāng)一種新型飛機(jī)被制造出來時(shí)，正常情況下，頭三架飛機(jī)中只有一架可以飛行。在結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)中，兩架將在地面上銷毀，第三架將在空中進(jìn)行測試）可知這三架飛機(jī)都是用來測試的，兩架用于地面測試，一架用于空中測試，因此選D。

5.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的butmustworkbothathighaltitudeswherethetemperaturemaybebelowfreezingpointandinthehotairofanairfieldinthetropics.（但必須在海拔較高、溫度可能低于冰點(diǎn)的情況下工作，也必須在熱帶地區(qū)的熱空氣中工作）可知飛機(jī)上的所有設(shè)備都必須能在溫差范圍極大的條件下工作，因此選D。

6.單選題

Shewasanexperiencedtravelerwhohad（

）bothAfricaandEuropeinhertwenties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.traversed

B.transferred

C.trampled

D.trespassed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。traversed橫越，穿過；transferred使轉(zhuǎn)移，使調(diào)動(dòng)；trampled踐踏，無視；trespass侵占，侵入。句意：她是一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的旅行者，在她二十多歲的時(shí)候就穿越了非洲和歐洲。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意，答案A

7.單選題

Atfirst,shewasn’tused（

）andwouldfindexcuseforhermedicine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobecriticized

B.tocriticizing

C.tobeingcriticized

D.tocriticize

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語。句意：開始的時(shí)候她并不習(xí)慣（）會(huì)為了自己的藥找借口。這里批評是“她”被批評，所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以B、D排除；根據(jù)固定搭配beusedtodoingsth“習(xí)慣于做某事”，這里A選項(xiàng)排除；所以這里答案選C。

8.單選題

Nopoemshouldeverbediscussedor“analyzed”,untilithasbeenreadaloudbysomeone,teacherorstudent.Betterstill,perhaps,isthepracticeofreadingittwice,onceatthebeginningofthediscussionandonceattheend,sothesoundofthepoemisthelastthingonehearsofit.

Alldiscussionsofpoetryare,infact,preparationsforreadingitaloud,andthereadingofthepoemis,finally,themosttelling“interpretation”ofit,suggestingtone,rhythm,andmeaningallatonce.Hearingapoetreadtheworkinhisorherownvoice,onrecordsoronfilms,isobviouslyaspecialreward.Buteventhoseaidstoteachingcannotreplacethestudentandteacherreadingitor,bestofall,recitingit.

Ihavecometothink,infact,thattimespentreadingapoemaloudismuchmoreimportantthan“analyzing”it,ifthereisn’ttimeforboth.IthinkoneofourgoalsasteachersofEnglishistohavestudentslovepoetry.Poetryis“acriticismoflife”,and“aheighteningoflife”.Itis“anapproachtothetruthoffeeling”,andit“cansaveyourlife”.Italsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemorecentralthanitpresentlyoccupies.

IamnotsayingthateveryEnglishteachermustteachpoetry.Thosewhodon’tlikeitshouldnotbeforcedtoputthatdislikeonanyoneelse.Butthosewhodoteachpoetrymustkeepinmindafewthingsaboutitsessentialnature,aboutitssoundaswellasitssense,andtheymustmakeroomintheclassroomforhearingpoetryaswellasthinkingaboutit.

1.Tohaveabetterunderstandingofapoem,oneshould（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasafunctionofpoetry?

3.Accordingtothewriter,oneofthepurposesofteachingEnglishistogetstudents（）.

4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthethirdparagraphimply?

5.Thephrase“makeroom”inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussitwithothers

B.analyzeitbyoneself

C.copyitdowninanotebook

D.practicereadingitaloud

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Extendingyourlife

B.Savingyourlife

C.Criticizinglife

D.Heighteninglife

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tounderstandlife

B.toenjoypoetry

C.tobecometeachers

D.tobecomepoets

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Morestressshouldbelaidontheteachingofpoetry.

B.Poetryismoreimportantthananyothersubject.

C.Onecannotenjoylifefullywithoutanunderstandingofpoetry.

D.Poetryisthefoundationofalllanguageandliteraturecourses.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.“buildabooth”

B.“provideequipment”

C.“l(fā)eaveacertainamountoftime”

D.“setasideenoughspace”

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段的第一句“Nopoemshouldeverbediscussedor‘a(chǎn)nalyzed’,untilithasbeenreadaloudbysomeone,teacherorstudent.任何詩歌都應(yīng)該先由某人，老師或?qū)W生大聲朗讀，再來進(jìn)行討論或‘分析’。”所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Poetryis‘a(chǎn)criticismoflife’,and‘a(chǎn)heighteningoflife’.Itis‘a(chǎn)napproachtothetruthoffeeling’,andit‘cansaveyourlife’.詩歌是‘對生活的批評’，也是‘對生活的升華’。它是‘一種接近真實(shí)感受的方法’，它‘可以拯救你的生命’?！庇纱丝芍?，只有選項(xiàng)A在原文沒有提及。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的第二句“IthinkoneofourgoalsasteachersofEnglishistohavestudentslovepoetry.我認(rèn)為我們作為英語教師的目標(biāo)之一就是讓學(xué)生熱愛詩歌?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.語義推斷題。原文第三段的最后一句提及“Italsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemorecentralthanitpresentlyoccupies.它（詩歌）也應(yīng)該在語言和文學(xué)教學(xué)中占有比現(xiàn)在更重要的地位?！币簿褪钦f，應(yīng)該要更加重視詩歌的教學(xué)，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞所在原文的句意“但那些教授詩歌的老師必須牢記詩歌的本質(zhì)、詩歌的聲音和詩歌的意義。他們必須在教室里留出時(shí)間讓學(xué)生思考詩歌，同時(shí)也讓學(xué)生聽詩?！庇纱丝赏茢?，這里的“makeroom”指的是留出時(shí)間，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

9.單選題

Arecentpollshowsthat,while81percentofcollegestudentsareeligibleforsomeformoffinancialaid,only63percentofthesestudentsare___suchaid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complainingabout

B.recipientsof

C.dissatisfiedwith

D.turneddownfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)complainingabout“投訴；對……抱怨”；B選項(xiàng)recipientsof“……的收件人；……的獲得者”；C選項(xiàng)dissatisfiedwith“對……不滿意”；D選項(xiàng)turneddownfor“為……減小，關(guān)小，調(diào)低/拒絕”。句意：最近的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查顯示，81%的大學(xué)生有資格獲得某種形式的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助，而這些學(xué)生中只有63%的人___這種援助。本句表示“只有63%的學(xué)生是這些援助的獲得者（只有63%的學(xué)生獲得這些援助）”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

VI.(Jurisprudence)

AmericanLegalRealismwasthemostimportantindigenousjurisprudentialmovementintheUnitedStatesduringthe20th-century,havingaprofoundimpactnotonlyonAmericanlegaleducationandscholarship,butalsoonlawreformandlawyering.UnlikeitsScandinaviancousin,AmericanLegalRealismwasnotprimarilyanextensiontolawofsubstantivephilosophicaldoctrinesfromsemanticsandepistemology.TheRealistswerelawyers(plusafewsocialscientists),notphilosophers,andtheirmotivationswere,accordingly,different.Aslawyers,theywerereachingagainstthedominant“mechanicaljurisprudence”or“formalism”oftheirday.“Formalism”inthesensepertinenthere,heldthatjudgesdecidecasesonthebasisofdistinctivelylegalrulesandreasons,whichjustifyauniqueresultinmostcases(perhapseverycase).TheRealistsargued,instead,thatcarefulempiricalconsiderationofhowcourtsreallydecidecasesrevealsthattheydecidenotprimarilybecauseoflaw,butbased(roughlyspeaking)ontheirsenseofwhatwouldbeonthefactsofthecase.Legalrulesandreasonsfiguresimplyaspost-hocrationalizationsfordecisionsreachedonthebasisofnon-legalconsiderations.BecausetheRealistsnevermadeexplicittheirphilosophicalpresuppositionsaboutthenatureoflawortheirconceptionoflegaltheory,oneoftheimportantjurisprudentialtasksforRealiststodayisaphilosophicalreconstructionanddefenseoftheseviews,especiallyagainstthecriticismsoflegalphilosophers,notablyH.L.A.Hart.

ButRealismalsoborethemarksofanintellectualculturewhichitdidsharewithitsScandinaviancousin.Thisculture—thedominantoneintheWesternworldfromthemid-19thcenturythroughatleastthemiddleofthelastcentury—wasdeeply“positivistic”,inthesensethatitviewsnaturalscienceastheparadigmofallgenuineknowledge,andthoughtallotherdisciplines(fromsocialsciencetolegalstudy)shouldemulatethemethodsofnaturalscience.Chiefamongthelatterwasthemethodofempiricaltesting:hypotheseshadtobetestedagainstobservationsoftheworld.ThustheRealistsfrequentlyclaimedthatexistingarticulationsofthe“l(fā)aw”werenot,infact,“confirmed”byactualobservationofwhatthecourtwerereallydoing.AlsoinfluentialonsomeRealistswasbehaviorisminpsychology—JohnWatson’sversion,notthelater,andbetter-known,brandassociatedwithB.F.Skinner—whichwasitselfinthegripsofa“positivistic”conceptionofknowledgeandmethod.

BrianLeiter:AmericanLegalRealism

71.AmericanLegalRealismhadaprofoundimpactontheflowingbut___.

72.Fromthe1stparagraphwecanknowthatScandinavianRealists___.

73.TheAmericanRealistsarguedthat___.

74.WhatistheintellectualculturethatAmericanRealismshareswithitsScandinaviancousin?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americanlegaleducation

B.Americanlegalscholarship

C.Americanlawreform

D.Americanlawyers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.werephilosophers

B.wereprimarilyanextensiontolawofsubstantivephilosophicaldoctrines

C.werereachingagainst“mechanicaljurisprudence”

D.heldthatjudgesdecidecasesonthebasisofdistinctivelylegalrulesandreasons

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.courtsdecidecasesnotprimarilybecauseoflaw,butbasedontheirsenseof“fairness”

B.legalrulesandreasonsfiguresimplyasprior-hocrationalizationsfordecisionsreachedonthebasisofnon-legalconsiderations

C.philosophicalreconstructionanddefenseoftheseviewsarenecessary

D.carefulempiricalconsiderationrevealsthatcourtsdecidecasesprimarilybecauseoflaw

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Existingarticulationsofthe“l(fā)aw”werenot“confirmed”byactualobservationofwhatthecourtwerereallydoing.

B.Methodofempiricaltesting.

C.Takingnaturalscienceastheparadigmofallgenuineknowledge.

D.Alldisciplinesshouldalsoemulatethemethodsofnaturalscience.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】71.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段AmericanLegalRealismwasthemostimportantindigenousjurisprudentialmovementintheUnitedStatesduringthe20th-century,havingaprofoundimpactnotonlyonAmericanlegaleducationandscholarship,butalsoonlawreformandlawyering.（美國法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)是20世紀(jì)美國最重要的本土法學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)，不僅對美國的法學(xué)教育和學(xué)術(shù)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響，而且對美國的法律改革和律師業(yè)也產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響）可知A選項(xiàng)“美國法律教育”，B選項(xiàng)“美國法律學(xué)術(shù)”，C選項(xiàng)“美國法律改革”符合原文；D選項(xiàng)“美國律師”原文未提及。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

72.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“Scandinavian”定位到原文第一段UnlikeitsScandinaviancousin,AmericanLegalRealismwasnotprimarilyanextensiontolawofsubstantivephilosophicaldoctrinesfromsemanticsandepistemology.TheRealistswerelawyers(plusafewsocialscientists),notphilosophers,andtheirmotivationswere,accordingly,different.（與它的斯堪的那維亞表親不同，美國法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義主要不是從語義學(xué)和認(rèn)識論的實(shí)質(zhì)哲學(xué)學(xué)說的法律的延伸?，F(xiàn)實(shí)主義者是律師（加上一些社會(huì)科學(xué)家），而不是哲學(xué)家，因此，他們的動(dòng)機(jī)是不同的）可以推測出斯堪的那維亞的法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者們是哲學(xué)家，選A選項(xiàng)“是哲學(xué)家”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“主要是實(shí)質(zhì)性哲學(xué)理論對法律的延伸”錯(cuò)誤，原文只是說美國法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義主要不是從語義學(xué)和認(rèn)識論的實(shí)質(zhì)哲學(xué)學(xué)說的法律的延伸，沒有說斯堪的那維亞的法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義是否是實(shí)質(zhì)性哲學(xué)理論對法律的延伸，B選項(xiàng)偷換概念；第一段Aslawyers,theywerereachingagainstthedominant“mechanicaljurisprudence”or“formalism”oftheirday.“Formalism”inthesensepertinenthere,heldthatjudgesdecidecasesonthebasisofdistinctivelylegalrulesandreasons,whichjustifyauniqueresultinmostcases(perhapseverycase).（作為律師，他們（指的是美國的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者）與當(dāng)時(shí)占主導(dǎo)地位的“機(jī)械法學(xué)”或“形式主義”相抗衡。這里所指的“形式主義”認(rèn)為，法官根據(jù)不同的法律規(guī)則和理由來判決案件，這些規(guī)則和理由在大多數(shù)案件（也許是每一個(gè)案件）中證明一個(gè)獨(dú)特的結(jié)果是正當(dāng)?shù)模┛芍狢選項(xiàng)“與‘機(jī)械法學(xué)’相抵觸”和D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為法官根據(jù)不同的法律規(guī)則和理由判決案件”也屬于偷換概念。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

73.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段最后一句BecausetheRealistsnevermadeexplicittheirphilosophicalpresuppositionsaboutthenatureoflawortheirconceptionoflegaltheory,oneoftheimportantjurisprudentialtasksforRealiststodayisaphilosophicalreconstructionanddefenseoftheseviews,especiallyagainstthecriticismsoflegalphilosophers,notablyH.L.A.Hart.（由于現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者從未對法律的性質(zhì)或法律理論的概念作出明確的哲學(xué)預(yù)設(shè)，因此，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者今天的重要法理學(xué)任務(wù)之一就是對這些觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行哲學(xué)重構(gòu)和辯護(hù)，尤其是反對法律哲學(xué)家的批評，尤其是H.L.A.Hart）可知C選項(xiàng)“這些觀點(diǎn)的哲學(xué)重建和辯護(hù)是必要的”符合原文；第一段Realistsargued,instead,thatcarefulempiricalconsiderationofhowcourtsreallydecidecasesrevealsthattheydecidenotprimarilybecauseoflaw,butbased(roughlyspeaking)ontheirsenseofwhatwouldbeonthefactsofthecase.（相反，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者認(rèn)為，對法院如何真正判決案件進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的實(shí)證研究表明，法院的判決主要不是因?yàn)榉?，而是基于（粗略地說）他們對案件事實(shí)的判斷）可知A選項(xiàng)“法院判決案件主要不是基于法律，而是基于他們的‘公平感’”以及D選項(xiàng)“仔細(xì)的實(shí)證研究表明，法院決定案件主要是因?yàn)榉伞卞e(cuò)誤；第一段Legalrulesandreasonsfiguresimplyaspost-hocrationalizationsfordecisionsreachedonthebasisofnon-legalconsiderations.（法律規(guī)則和理由僅僅是根據(jù)非法律考慮做出的決定的事后合理化）可知B選項(xiàng)“法律規(guī)則和理由僅僅是根據(jù)非法律考慮做出的決定的臨時(shí)合理化”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

74.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段開頭ButRealismalsoborethemarksofanintellectualculturewhichitdidsharewithitsScandinaviancousin.Thisculture…wasdeeply“positivistic”,inthesensethatitviewsnaturalscienceastheparadigmofallgenuineknowledge…（但現(xiàn)實(shí)主義也帶有知識文化的印記，它確實(shí)與它的斯堪的納維亞表親有共同之處。這種文化……是非?！皩?shí)證主義”的，因?yàn)樗炎匀豢茖W(xué)視為所有真知的范式……）可知選C選項(xiàng)“以自然科學(xué)為所有真知的范式”；A選項(xiàng)“‘法律’的現(xiàn)有條文并沒有通過對法院實(shí)際行動(dòng)的實(shí)際觀察而得到‘確認(rèn)’”，B選項(xiàng)“實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)方法”以及D選項(xiàng)“所有學(xué)科都應(yīng)該仿效自然科學(xué)的方法”并不符合題意，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確