考研考博-英語-吉林交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theteachertoldthestudentstostayintheclassroomandtheydid（

）.

問題1選項

A.absolutely

B.accidentally

C.accordingly

D.accurately

【答案】C

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。absolutely“絕對地”；accidentally“意外地”；accordingly“相應(yīng)地；照著”；accurately“精確地”。句意：老師告訴學(xué)生待在教室里，他們照著做了。選項C符合題意。

2.單選題

The352kilometer-longThamesisthelongestriverinEngland.ItisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi.Yet,theThameshasbeenuniqueinshapingthehistoryofEngland.

WhentheNormansconqueredEngland,therewereonlymarshybanksalongtheThames.Likethepeoplewhohadbeenlivingalongtheriver,theyusedtheThamesashighwayandbuiltthecityLondiniumonitsnorthbank.

TodaytheThamesmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration.

WhilebeingagreatbenefittoLondonandLondoners,theThamescapbeadangerousenemy.Chiefamongitsdangersisflooding.Topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld’slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972.Thebarrier’sgatescanstandeighteenmetersabovetheriver’ssurfacewhenafloodstrikes.

Rightnowlargeofficebuildings,skyscrapersandartandrecreationcomplexesarerisingtochangetheskylineofLondon.TheThameshasneverceasedtodevelop,anditwillcontinuetoplayanimportantpartinthelifeofLondoners.

1.TheauthordoesnotsaythattheThamesisagreatbenefitto（

）.

2.TheThamesis

（

）

theNile,Amazon,orMississippi.

3.TopreventtheThamesfromflooding,theLondonersbuilt

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementssupportstheideathattheThamesisofgreatimportancetothelifeofLondoners?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

問題1選項

A.rowers

B.businessmen

C.writers

D.farmers

問題2選項

A.longerthan

B.aslongal

C.shorterthan

D.notshorterthan

問題3選項

A.hydraulicmachines

B.amovablefloodbarrier

C.asteelgatebetweenconcretepiers

D.athickstonewellintheriver

問題4選項

A.TheThamesmeansdifferentthingstoDifferentpeople

B.TheThamesgivesstrengthtomanygreatpaintersandwriters

C.TheThamesmirrorstheebbandflowofLondon

D.TheThamesisthelongestriverinEngland

問題5選項

A.TheThamesusedtobedeveloped

B.TheThamesfloodssometimes

C.TheNormansbuiltthecityLondinium

D.PaintersdrawtheirinspirationfromtheThames

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。文章關(guān)于泰晤士河給哪些人帶來利益的描述在第三段:Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration(例如，對于劃手來說，這是一條“運動之河”，但對于商業(yè)人士來說，這是一條工作之河。畫家和作家認(rèn)為泰晤士河是靈感的源泉)。因此四個選項中,泰晤士沒有帶來利益的是D項“農(nóng)民”。

2.判斷推理題。第一段將泰晤士河,尼羅河,亞馬遜河和密西西比河做了比較:itisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi(對比尼羅河,亞馬遜河和密西西比河,泰晤士河只能算作一條小河流)。由此推斷泰晤士河短一些。故選C項。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文中第四段提到“topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld'slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972”，可知為了防止洪水的爆發(fā)，1972年建立了世界上最大的移動式防洪屏障。答案為B。

4.主旨大意題。文章第二段講了泰晤士河見證了倫敦的衰落，文中最后一段講了現(xiàn)在倫敦建立了高樓大廈以及倫敦的變化，可見泰晤士河見證了倫敦的衰落。C項“泰晤士河見證了倫敦的起伏”比較能概括全文

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。四個選項為:A:泰晤士河曾經(jīng)是繁榮的,錯誤,第二段說泰晤士河以前旁邊只有沼澤河岸。

3.問答題

Asimpleideaunderpinsscience:"trust,butverify".Resultsshouldalwaysbesubjecttochallengefromexperiment.Thatsimplebutpowerfulideahasgeneratedavastbodyofknowledge.Sinceitsbirthinthe17thcentury,modernsciencehaschangedtheworldbeyondrecognition,andoverwhelminglyforthebetter.

Butsuccesscanbreedcomplacency.Modernscientistsaredoingtoomuchtrustingandnotenoughverifying—tothedetrimentofthewholeofscience,andofhumanity.

Toomanyofthefindingsthatfilltheacademicetheraretheresultofshoddyexperimentsorpooranalysis(seearticle).Aruleofthumbamongbiotechnologyventure-capitalistsisthathalfofpublishedresearchcannotbereplicated.Eventhatmaybeoptimistic.Lastyearresearchersatonebiotechfirm,Amgen,foundtheycouldreproducejustsixof53"landmark"studiesincancerresearch.Earlier,agroupatBayer,adrugcompany,managedtorepeatjustaquarterof67similarlyimportantpapers.A

leadingcomputerscientistfretsthatthree-quartersofpapersinhissubfieldarebunk.In2000―2010roughly80,000patientstookpartinclinicaltrialsbasedonresearchthatwaslaterretractedbecauseofmistakesorimproprieties.

Evenwhenflawedresearchdoesnotputpeople'slivesatrisk—andmuchofitistoofarfromthemarkettodoso—itsquandersmoneyandtheeffortsofsomeoftheworld'sbestminds.Theopportunitycostsofstymiedprogressarehardtoquantify,buttheyarelikelytobevast.Andtheycouldberising.

Onereasonisthecompetitivenessofscience.Inthe1950s,whenmodernacademicresearchtookshapeafteritssuccessesintheSecondWorldWar,itwasstillararefiedpastime.Theentireclubofscientistsnumberedafewhundredthousand.Astheirrankshaveswelled,to6m—7mactiveresearchersonthelatestreckoning,scientistshavelosttheirtasteforself-policingandqualitycontrol.Theobligationto"publishorperish"hascometoruleoveracademiclife.Competitionforjobsiscutthroat.FullprofessorsinAmericaearnedonaverage$135,000in2012—morethanjudgesdid.EveryyearsixfreshlymintedPhDsvieforeveryacademicpost.Nowadaysverification(thereplicationofotherpeople'sresults)doeslittletoadvancearesearcher'scareer.Andwithoutverification,dubiousfindingsliveontomislead.

Careerismalsoencouragesexaggerationandthecherry-pickingofresults.Inordertosafeguardtheirexclusivity,theleadingjournalsimposehighrejectionrates:inexcessof90%ofsubmittedmanuscripts.Themoststrikingfindingshavethegreatestchanceofmakingitontothepage.Littlewonderthatoneinthreeresearchersknowsofacolleaguewhohaspeppedupapaperby,say,excludinginconvenientdatafromresults"basedonagutfeeling".Andasmoreresearchteamsaroundtheworldworkonaproblem,theoddsshortenthatatleastonewillfallpreytoanhonestconfusionbetweenthesweetsignalofagenuinediscoveryandafreakofthestatisticalnoise.Suchspuriouscorrelationsareoftenrecordedinjournalseagerforstartlingpapers.Iftheytouchondrinkingwine,goingsenileorlettingchildrenplayvideogames,theymaywellcommandthefrontpagesofnewspapers,too.

Conversely,failurestoproveahypothesisarerarelyevenofferedforpublication,letaloneaccepted."Negativeresults"nowaccountforonly14%ofpublishedpapers,downfrom30%in1990.Yetknowingwhatisfalseisasimportanttoscienceasknowingwhatistrue.Thefailuretoreportfailuresmeansthatresearcherswastemoneyandeffortexploringblindalleysalreadyinvestigatedbyotherscientists.

Thehallowedprocessofpeerreviewisnotallitiscrackeduptobe,either.Whenaprominentmedicaljournalranresearchpastotherexpertsinthefield,itfoundthatmostofthereviewersfailedtospotmistakesithaddeliberatelyinsertedintopapers,evenafterbeingtoldtheywerebeingtested.

Allthismakesashakyfoundationforanenterprisededicatedtodiscoveringthetruthabouttheworld.Whatmightbedonetoshoreitup?Onepriorityshouldbeforalldisciplinestofollowtheexampleofthosethathavedonemosttotightenstandards.Astartwouldbegettingtogripswithstatistics,especiallyinthegrowingnumberoffieldsthatsiftthroughuntoldoodlesofdatalookingforpatterns.Geneticistshavedonethis,andturnedanearlytorrentofspeciousresultsfromgenomesequencingintoatrickleoftrulysignificantones.

Ideally,researchprotocolsshouldberegisteredinadvanceandmonitoredinvirtualnotebooks.Thiswouldcurbthetemptationtofiddlewiththeexperiment'sdesignmidstreamsoastomaketheresultslookmoresubstantialthantheyare.(Itisalreadymeanttohappeninclinicaltrialsofdrugs,butcomplianceispatchy.)Wherepossible,trialdataalsoshouldbeopenforotherresearcherstoinspectandtest.

Themostenlightenedjournalsarealreadybecominglessaversetohumdrumpapers.Somegovernmentfundingagencies,includingAmerica'sNationalInstitutesofHealth,whichdishout$30billiononresearcheachyear,areworkingouthowbesttoencouragereplication.Andgrowingnumbersofscientists,especiallyyoungones,understandstatistics.Butthesetrendsneedtogomuchfurther.Journalsshouldallocatespacefor"uninteresting"work,andgrant-giversshouldsetasidemoneytopayforit.Peerreviewshouldbetightened—orperhapsdispensedwithaltogether,infavourofpost-publicationevaluationintheformofappendedcomments.Thatsystemhasworkedwellinrecentyearsinphysicsandmathematics.Lastly,policymakersshouldensurethatinstitutionsusingpublicmoneyalsorespecttherules.

Sciencestillcommandsenormous—ifsometimesbemused—respect.Butitsprivilegedstatusisfoundedonthecapacitytoberightmostofthetimeandtocorrectitsmistakeswhenitgetsthingswrong.Anditisnotasiftheuniverseisshortofgenuinemysteriestokeepgenerationsofscientistshardatwork.Thefalsetrailslaiddownbyshoddyresearchareanunforgivablebarriertounderstanding.

【答案】Inthispassage,theauthorpointsoutaseriousproblemexistinginmodernscience,thatis,scientistsaredoingtoomuchtrustingandnotenoughverifying,whichhasdeterioratedthewholescienceandhumanity.

Inthelatterpassage,theauthoranalyzedthereasonswiththedetailedexamplesasproofs.Thefirstreasonisthecompetitivenessofscience.Thegreatlyincreasingpopulationofthescientistsimposedfiercecompetitionandforcedthemtopublishtheirarticlesregardlessoftheacademicquality.What'smore,highrejectionratesoftheleadingjournalsencouragenegativelyresearcherstoexcludeinconvenientdatafromresultsbasedonlyonsensationstooptimizetheirresearchandwintheopportunitytobepublished.

Lateron,theauthorofferssomesuggestionstosolvetheproblem.Onepriorityistomakedisciplinestightenstandards.Journalsshouldsparespacefor"uninteresting"workandacceptthosepapersconcernedwiththe"negativeresults".Governmentfundingagenciesshouldsetasidemoneytosupportandencouragereplication.Peerreviewshouldbetightened.Lastly,policymakersshouldensurethatinstitutionsusingpublicmoneyalsorespecttherules.

Atlast,theauthorrestatesandemphasizestheimportanceforsciencetoberightanditscapacitytobecorrected.Thefalseresearchescanonlyhindertheprocessofunderstanding.

4.單選題

Theworld'soceanshavewarmed50percentfasteroverthelast40yearsthanpreviouslythoughtduetoclimatechange,AustralianandUSclimateresearchersreportedWednesday.Higheroceantemperaturesexpandthevolumeofwater,contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.

Thestudy,publishedintheBritishjournalNature,addstoagrowingscientificchorusofwarningsaboutthepaceandconsequencesofrisingoceans.ItalsoservesasacorrectivetoamassivereportissuedlastyearbytheNobel,winningUNIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),accordingtotheauthors.

Risingsealevelsaredrivenbytwothings:thethermalexpansionofseawater,andadditionalwaterfrommeltingsourcesofice.Bothprocessesarecausedbyglobalwarming.TheicesheetthatsitsatthetopofGreenland,forexample,containsenoughwatertoraiseworldoceanlevelsbysevenmetres(23feet),whichwouldburysea-levelcitiesfromDhakatoShanghai.

Tryingtofigureouthowmucheachofthesefactorscontributestorisingsealevelsiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingclimatechange,andforecastingfuturetemperaturerises,scientistssay.Butuptonow,therehasbeenaperplexinggapbetweentheprojectionsofcomputer-basedclimatemodels,andtheobservationsofscientistsgatheringdatafromtheoceans.

Thenewstudy,ledbyCatiaDominguesoftheCentreforAustralianWeatherandClimateResearch,isthefirsttoreconcilethemodelswithobserveddata.Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-per-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.

1.36.Whathappenswhentheocean'stemperaturerises?

2.37.Theriseinwaterlevelsisespeciallydangerousforsmallislandnationsand（）.

3.38.Thenewstudy（）.

4.39.Ultimately,thenewstudyshouldhelpscientiststo（）.

5.40.Whatwasthemainfindingofthestudy?

問題1選項

A.Itcausessealevelstorise.

B.Itcausessealevelstoremainconstant.

C.Itcausessealevelstodecrease.

D.Itcausessealevelstochange.

問題2選項

A.low-lyingurbanareas

B.allcoastalcities

C.peoplewholiveonthebeach

D.peoplewholivearoundtheglobe

問題3選項

A.showsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.32millimeter-per-yearriseinsealevels

B.didnotrevealanythingthatscientistsdidn'talreadyknow

C.usednewtechniquestoassessoceantemperatures

D.showshowquicklythesealevelsfall

問題4選項

A.lowerwaterlevels

B.findoutwhatiswrongwiththeearth

C.burysea-levelcitieslikeDhakaandShanghai

D.betterpredictclimatechange

問題5選項

A.Notenoughisbeingdoneaboutglobalwarming.

B.Oceanwatershavewarmedfasterthanscientistshadpreviouslythought.

C.Thewarmingoftheworld'soceansisnotathreat.

D.Theriseofsealevelshasnothingtodowithoceantemperature.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞ocean’stemperaturerises可以定位到文章第一段中“Higheroceantemperaturesexpendthevolumeofwater,contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.”中文翻譯為“海水溫度的升高將會導(dǎo)致海水體積的膨脹，從而導(dǎo)致海平面的上升，最終淹沒那些較小的島國并且對處在全球地勢低洼的人口密集的三角洲地區(qū)構(gòu)成威脅”可以得知海水溫度升高會使海平面上升。因此A選項符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問：海平面上升尤其會對小島國和…構(gòu)成威脅。定位到第一段中“contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.”譯為：導(dǎo)致海平面上升，最終淹沒那些較小的島國并且對處在全球地勢低洼的人口密集的三角洲地區(qū)構(gòu)成威脅。因此A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞newstudy可以定位到文章最后一段。其中第一句話“Thenewstudy,ledbyCatiaDominguesoftheCentreforAustraliaWeatherandClimateResearch,isthefirsttoreconcilethemodelswithobserveddata.”中文翻譯為：由于澳大利亞的天氣和氣候研究中心的CatiaDomingues主導(dǎo)的這一項新的研究首次將模型與觀測數(shù)據(jù)相協(xié)調(diào)?？芍狟選項錯誤；第二句話“Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-pre-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.”譯為：通過使用新技術(shù)對海平面2300英尺以下的海水溫度進(jìn)行評估，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)從1961年到2003年，氣候變暖的熱力作用導(dǎo)致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所說的0.32毫米。由此可以選項A，D錯誤。故答案選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段中“Tryingtofigureouthowmucheachofthesefactorscontributestorisingsealevelsiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingclimatechange,andforecastingfuturetemperaturerises,scientistssay.”譯為：“科學(xué)家們表示，明確這些因素導(dǎo)致海平面上升的方式，對于理解氣候變化和預(yù)測未來氣溫的升高至關(guān)重要”以及最后一段中“Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-pre-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.”譯為：通過使用新技術(shù)對海平面2300英尺以下的海水溫度進(jìn)行評估，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)從1961年到2003年，氣候變暖的熱力作用導(dǎo)致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所說的0.32毫米?？芍@將有助于科學(xué)家們后期更好地預(yù)測氣候變化，因此答案選D。

5.根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段中“...itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimeter-per-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC”中文翻譯為：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)氣候變暖的熱力作用導(dǎo)致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所說的032毫米。因此選擇答案B。

5.單選題

Atthreethousandfeet,wideplainsbegintoappear,andthereisneveramomentwhensomedistantmountainisnot（

）.

問題1選項

A.onview

B.ataglance

C.onthescene

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項onview“在展出，陳列著”；B選項ataglance“立刻，一眼就”；C選項onthescene“在場，出現(xiàn)，到場”；D選項insight“看得見，在視野內(nèi)”。分析“somedistantmountainisnot______”可知空格處的內(nèi)容作表語，說明主語somedistantmountain（遠(yuǎn)處的山脈），結(jié)合句意，可知D選項符合語境。句意：在三千英尺的地方，寬闊的平原開始出現(xiàn)了，而且時刻可以看得見遠(yuǎn)處的山脈。

6.翻譯題

在中國較大的城市中，自行車流——曾一度是中國城市最生動的形象之一，已經(jīng)被擠滿汽車的街道取代了，可怕的是，駕駛者大多是新手。通過禁止或嚴(yán)格限制在這些城市使用摩托車，中國跳過了它的亞洲鄰國的發(fā)展模式，在這些國家中，摩托車通常使新富們初次嘗到了不需費力就可四處移動的滋味。擁有大約九百萬輛普通自行車的上海，去年因禁止自行車在市中心的主要街道上行駛，引起了媒體的一陣批評。但是近來自行車用得是越來越少了。

【答案】

InChina'sbiggercities,theriversofbicycles—onceoneofthemostvividimagesofurbanChina—havebeenreplacedwithstreetsjammedwithcars,mostofthem,terrifyingly,areinthehandsofnovicedrivers.Bybanningorseverelyrestrictingmotorcycleuseinthesecities,ChinahasleapfroggedthedevelopmentpatternofitsAsianneighbors,wherethemotorbikehasusuallyprovidedthenewlyaffluentwiththeirfirsttasteofeffortlessmobility.Shanghai,hometoabout9millionordinarybikes,arousedaflurryofmediacriticismlastyearbybanningthemfrommainroadsinthecenter.Buttheyarelessandlessusedthesedays.

7.單選題

Toalleviatetheproblemofcontaminatedchicken,theexpertsrecommendthatthegovernmentshiftitsinspectionemphasisfromcursorybird-by-birdvisualchecktoamore______randomsamplingforbacterialandchemicalcontamination.

問題1選項

A.rigorous

B.perfunctory

C.symbolic

D.discreet

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項rigorous“嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的；嚴(yán)密的；嚴(yán)酷的”；B選項perfunctory“敷衍的；馬虎的；得過且過的”；C選項symbolic“象征的；符號的；使用符號的”；D選項discreet“謹(jǐn)慎的；小心的”。句意：為緩解雞的污染問題，專家們建議政府把檢查重點從走馬觀花式的肉眼檢查改為進(jìn)行更為______的對細(xì)菌和化學(xué)污染進(jìn)行隨機(jī)取樣檢查。根據(jù)shift“改變”可知，橫線處應(yīng)填一個與cursory“粗略的”意思相反的詞。且由檢查重點從肉眼檢查到改進(jìn)為對細(xì)菌和化學(xué)污染隨機(jī)取樣檢查，可知檢查推向深入，較以前更加嚴(yán)格，A選項rigorous“嚴(yán)格的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

8.單選題

Withitsstockpricerisingby20percent,thecompanybecomesthesecondmost()technologyfirminthecounty.

問題1選項

A.valuable

B.worthwhile

C.priceless

D.precious

【答案】A

【解析】valuable有價值的；worthwhile值得的；priceless無價的；precious珍貴的。句意：隨著股價上漲20%，該公司成為全縣第二大最有價值的科技公司。選項A符合句意。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

北京計劃未來投資7600億元治理污染，從減少PM2.5排放入手。

中文熱詞通常反映社會變化和文化，有些在外國媒體上愈來愈流行。

土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主，現(xiàn)在用于指花錢如流水或喜歡炫耀財富的人。

大媽是對中年婦女的稱呼，但是現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價大跌時大量購買黃金的中國婦女。

她就是那個到明年年底會攢一萬美元的那個女孩。

你認(rèn)識那個警察一直在找的小偷嗎？

自從她出生以來她就從未見過她爸爸。

你知道你們班長喜歡的女孩兒是賊的女兒嗎？

他很謙遜，認(rèn)為自己離成功還很遠(yuǎn)。

宗教和科學(xué)其實不但可以調(diào)和，而且可以共存共生。

【答案】Beijingisgoingtoinvest760billionyuaninthefuturetocontrolpollution,beginningwithcuttingdowntheemissionofPM2.5.

TheChineseheatedwordsusuallyreflectsocialchangesandculture,someofwhichareincreasinglypopularwithforeignmedia.

Thewordtuhaousedtomeanrurallandlordswhooppresstheirtenantsandservants,whilenowitreferstopeoplespendingmoneywithoutlimitsorthoseshowingofftheirwealthallaround.

Theworddamaisusedtodescribemiddle-agedwomen.However,itisregardedasaspecialwordtocallthoseChinesewomenwhorushedtopurchasegoldwhenthegoldpricedecreasedsharplynotlongago.

Sheisthegirlwhowillhavemadetenthousanddollarsbytheendofnextyear.

Doyouknowthethiefwhomthepolicemanhasbeenlookingfor?

Shehasneverseenherfathersincehewasborn.

Doyouknowthegirlwhoislikedbyyourmonitoristhedaughterofathief?

9.Heishumbleandthinksheisfarfromsuccess.

10.Religionandsciencearenotonlyreconcilable,butalsosymbiotic.

10.單選題

Asamemberorthesociety,apersonshouldberesponsibleforanddedicatetothesociety.

問題1選項

A.answerfor

B.accountfor

C.chargefor

D.compensatefor

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項answerfor“對……負(fù)責(zé)”；B選項accountfor“對……做出解釋”；C選項chargefor“要價”；D選項compensatefor“賠償”。句意：作為社會的一員，一個人應(yīng)該對社會負(fù)責(zé)，為社會奉獻(xiàn)。劃線部分beresponsiblefor是對……負(fù)責(zé)的意思。因此A選項正確。

11.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

問題1選項

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。obsolete“陳舊的，過時的”；aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的；激進(jìn)的”；harmonious“和諧的”；amiable“親切的；友好的”，此處應(yīng)該選擇一個形容詞來修飾“愛國主義”，這種愛國主義與國際體育中倡導(dǎo)的國家之間的友誼是相對的，故此處最恰當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~是aggressive。句意：國際體育應(yīng)該增進(jìn)兩國之間的友誼，但是目前的奧林匹克組織在某種程度上倡導(dǎo)……愛國主義。故正確答案為選項B。

12.單選題

Rosefeels______abouttheweekendinVermont.Shewantstogo,butshealsowantstostayathome.

問題1選項

A.atheistic

B.ambiguous

C.ambivalent

D.ascetic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項atheistic“無神論的，無神論者的”，B項ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的”，C項ambivalent“矛盾的，好惡相克的”，D項ascetic“苦行的，禁欲主義的”。根據(jù)后面句子的意思“她想去，但她也想呆在家里”可知，“矛盾的”符合語境。句意：羅斯對去佛蒙特州度周末感到矛盾；她想去，但她也想呆在家里。因此，該題選擇C項。

13.單選題

ProfessorJohnsonissaid（）somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyears.

問題1選項

A.making

B.havingmade

C.tomake

D.tohavemade

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。Sbissaid后接動詞不定式，表示“據(jù)說某人”。用不定式的完成式表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作。此句相當(dāng)于ItissaidthatProfessorJohnsonhasmadesomesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear．句意：據(jù)說約翰遜教授去年在他的研究中取得了重大進(jìn)展。故本題正確答案為D項。

14.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問題1選項

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項modify“修改，修飾；更改”；B選項duplicate“復(fù)制；模仿”；C選項accelerate“加速；促進(jìn)；增加”；D選項stimulate“刺激；鼓舞，激勵”。句意：最近，許多有關(guān)少年兒童模仿先前在電視上所看到的暴力行為的案件被報道。根據(jù)句意，判斷出B選項正確。

15.單選題

About5000yearsago,peopleinanareanorthoftheBlackSeainsoutheasternEuropespokealanguagecalledProto-Indo-European,whichisbelievedtobetheancestorofmostEuropeanlanguages.TheseincludethelanguagesthatbecameancientGreek,ancientGermanandtheancientLatin.

Latindisappearedasaspokenlanguage.YetitleftbehindthreegreatlanguagesthatbecamemodernSpanish,FrenchandItalian.AncientGermanbecameDutch,Danish,German,Norwegian,SwedishandoneofthelanguagesthatdevelopedintoEnglish.

TheEnglishlanguageisaresultoftheinvasionsoftheislandofBritainovermanyhundredsofyears.ThefirstinvasionswerebyapeoplecalledAnglesabout1500yearsago.TheAngleswereaGermantribe（部落）whocrossedtheEnglishChannel.LatertwomoregroupscrossedtoBritain.TheyweretheSaxonsandtheJutes.ThesegroupsfoundapeoplecalledtheCelts,whohadlivedinBritainformanythousandsofyears.TheCeltsandtheinvadersfought.Afterawhile,mostoftheCeltswerekilled,ormadeslaves.SomeescapedtoliveintheareathatbecameWales.Throughtheyears,theSaxons,AnglesandJutemixedtheirdifferentlanguages.TheresultiswhatiscalledAnglo-SaxonorOldEnglish.

ThenextgreatinvasionofBritaincamefromthefarnorthbeginningabout1100yearsago.FiercepeoplecalledVikingsinvadedthecoastareasofBritain.TheVikingscamefromDenmark,Norwayandothernortherncountries.Theywerelookingtocapturetradegoodsandslavesandtakeawayanythingofvalue.Insomeareas,theVikingsbecamesopowerfultheybuilttemporarybases.Thesetemporarybasessometimesbecamepermanent.Later,manyVikingsstayedinBritain.ManyEnglishwordsusedtodaycomefromtheseancientVikings.Wordslike“sky，”“l(fā)eg，”“skill,”“egg，”“crawl,”“l(fā)ift”and“take”arefromtheoldlanguagesofthefarnortherncountries.

ThenextinvasionofBritaintookplacemorethan900yearsago,in1066.HistoryexpertscallthisinvasiontheNormanConquest.

1.Whatisthegeneralideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowinglanguageslaterdevelopedintoEnglish?

3.OldEnglishisthemixtureofthelanguagesspokenbythefollowingtribeswhichinclude_____.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeVikingswhoinvadedBritainabout1100yearsago?

5.Whatfollowsthepassageismostprobablyabout

.

問題1選項

A.TheearlyhistoryoftheEnglishlanguage

B.TheoriginoftheEnglishlanguage

C.ThevarietiesoftheEnglishlanguage

D.TheinvasionsofBritain

問題2選項

A.Proto-Indo-Europeanlanguage

B.AncientGreek

C.AncientGerman

D.AncientLatin

問題3選項

A.TheAngles,theSaxonsandtheCelts

B.TheSaxons,theJutesandtheCelts

C.TheAngle,theJutesandtheCelts

D.TheAngles,theSaxonandtheJutes

問題4選項

A.Theyweresoldiers

B.Theyweremerchants

C.Theywerepirates

D.Theyweresailors

問題5選項

A.theimpactoftheNormanConquestontheBritishpeople

B.theimpactoftheNormanConquestontheEnglishlanguage

C.theimportanteventsintheNormanConquest

D.thehistoricalfiguresintheNormanConquest

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了英語這門語言的起源以及發(fā)展，因此選項A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段提到的AncientGermanbecameDutch,Danish,German,Norwegian,SwedishandoneofthelanguagesthatdevelopedintoEnglish，可知選項C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后兩句話Throughtheyears,theSaxons,AnglesandJutemixedtheirdifferentlanguages.TheresultiswhatiscalledAnglo-SaxonorOldEnglish.可知選項D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。文章第四段提到他們奪去貿(mào)易貨物和奴隸，搶走任何有價值的東西(Theywerelookingtocapturetradegoodsandslavesandtakeawayanythingofvalue)，由此可推測他們是海盜，選項C符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章第二段和第三段分別講述了兩次侵略對于英語這門語言的影響，最后一段提到thenextinvasion，由此可推測接下來會講述這次侵略對語言的影響，因此選項B符合題意。

16.單選題

Ifbusinessmenaretaxedtoomuch,theywillnolongerbe（

）toworkhard,withtheresultthattaxrevenuesmightactuallyshrink

問題1選項

A.cultivated

B.licensed

C.motivated

D.innovated

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。cultivated“有教養(yǎng)的”；licensed“得到許可的”；motivated“有動機(jī)的”；innovated“改革的，創(chuàng)新的”。

句意：如果商人被收太重的稅，他們將不再努力工作，結(jié)果就是稅收收入會縮水。選項C符合題意。

17.單選題

Hismotherscannedhisfacetoseeifhewastellingthetruth.

問題1選項

A.indicated

B.scrutinized

C.caressed

D.penetrated

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義動詞辨析。A選項indicated“表明，顯示，象征，暗示”；B選項scrutinized“仔細(xì)查看；認(rèn)真檢查；細(xì)致審查”，表示用挑剔的眼光以及對細(xì)節(jié)苛求的態(tài)度檢查；C選項caressed“撫摸，愛撫”；D選項penetrated“看透；透過……看見，洞察；發(fā)現(xiàn)；揭示”。句意：他母親審視著他的臉，想看看他是否在說真話。Scan“細(xì)看；察看；審視；端詳”。D選項與scan意思最接近，因此D選項正確。

18.單選題

AccordingtoPlato,themostimportantideaistheideaof“good”.Knowledgeof"good"istheobjectofallinquiry,agoaltowhichallotherthingsare（

）.

問題1選項

A.approximate

B.crucial

C.subordinate

D.detached

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。approximate“近似的，大約”；crucial“決定性的”；subordinate“下級的”；detached“不受他人影響的，公正的”。句意：柏拉圖最重要的思想是“好”。對于“好”的理解是所有調(diào)查的目標(biāo)，其它所有的事情都屬于這個目標(biāo)。選項C符合題意。

19.單選題

Becauseoftheexcellentpreservationofthefossil,anatomicaldetailsofearlyhorseshoecrabswere（

）forthefirsttime,enablingexpertsto（

）theevolutionofthehorseshoecrab.

問題1選項

A.scrutinized...ensure

B.verified...advance

C.obscured...illustrate

D.clarified...reassess

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項scrutinized“詳細(xì)檢查”；ensure“確認(rèn)，確保”；B選項verified“核證，證”;advance“提出，預(yù)付，使……前進(jìn)，將……提前”；C選項obscure“遮蔽，掩蓋”；illustrate“說明”;D選項clarify“澄清”；reassess“再評價”