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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川城市職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence(

abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和上下文語(yǔ)義。soared飆升;mutated突變,變異;plummeted驟然下跌;fluctuated波動(dòng)。根據(jù)下句“l(fā)owestlevelin9years”可推測(cè),這里指下跌,所以選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

2.單選題

Whenan'inventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible(1)ofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheidea(2),orpatentit.

A(3)patentistheresultofabargain(4)betweenaninventorandthestate,buttheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopolyandpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiod(5).

Onlythemostexceptionalcircumstances(6)thelifespanofapatent(7)toalterthisnormalprocessofevents.

Thelongestextensionever(8)wastoGeorgesValensi:his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitwasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent'snormallifetherewasnocolorTVto(9)andthusnohopeforrewardfortheinvention.

Becauseapatentremainspermanently(10)afterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtothe(11)officecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasdialarefreeforanyonetouseand,if(12)thanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyone(13)toavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthrough(14)patentsthattheonesurewayofviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherform(15)invalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionally(16)totakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmoderntechnologicaladvanceis(17)onthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.

Anyoneclosely(18)inpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"new"ideasare,infact,asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,(19)makesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryformagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindtelevisionoriginate(20)thelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.work

B.possibility

C.measures

D.courses

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.open

B.covered

C.secret

D.improved

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.granted

B.granting

C.inventing

D.invented

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.striking

B.struck

C.tobestriking

D.tostrike

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.terminating

B.continuing

C.continues

D.terminates

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.tobe

C.be

D.is

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.extending

B.willextend

C.extended

D.tobeextended

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.granted

B.granting

C.togrant

D.beinggranted

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.receiving

B.sending

C.receive

D.send

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.public

B.secret

C.close

D.concealed

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.customer

B.commerce

C.patent

D.television

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.longer

B.older

C.weaker

D.younger

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.wished

B.refusing

C.refused

D.whishing

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.live

B.dead

C.working

D.recording

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.temporarily

B.suddenly

C.permanently

D.sharply

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.dangerous

B.undesirable

C.safe

D.terrible

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.contracted

B.sent

C.anticipated

D.based

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.involving

B.involved

C.contained

D.containing

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.when

C.that

D.where

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.off

C.before

D.from

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】1.句意:當(dāng)一項(xiàng)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造問(wèn)世時(shí),對(duì)發(fā)明者而言有三種可供選擇的。因此D項(xiàng)courses(做法)符合句意。

2.句意:他可以把這項(xiàng)發(fā)明公布于世,或,或申請(qǐng)專利。根據(jù)空格處前后句意推測(cè),此處選C。意為“保密”。

3.句意:專利是發(fā)明者與國(guó)家之間達(dá)成的一種契約。因此A項(xiàng)granted(授予)正確。

4.句意:授予的專利發(fā)明者與國(guó)家之間達(dá)成的一種契約。此為動(dòng)詞strike的過(guò)去分詞形式做后置定語(yǔ)。

5.句意:按照契約,發(fā)明者可以對(duì)自己的成果在一定期限內(nèi)享有壟斷權(quán),壟斷后,他就得把發(fā)明的細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題公之于眾。Terminate意為“結(jié)束”,此為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。故選D。

6.句意:只有在極其特殊的情況下才可以延長(zhǎng)專利期限。此句為only短語(yǔ)位于句首,句子應(yīng)部分倒裝,主語(yǔ)為thelifespanofpatent,因此用系動(dòng)詞is。

7.此處主語(yǔ)為專利,所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),is被提前了,因此選C。

8.句意:曾經(jīng)最長(zhǎng)的專利延期名額給了GeorgesValensi。這里應(yīng)用grant的過(guò)去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。

9.句意:1939年他就取得彩色電視接收器線路的專利,而且這一專利延續(xù)到1971年,因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)專利在其大部分正常期限內(nèi)都沒(méi)有彩電可供,這樣這項(xiàng)專利無(wú)望獲得回報(bào)。因此,send(發(fā)送)符合句意。而且,空格前為動(dòng)詞不定式to,因此選D。

10.句意:因?yàn)橐豁?xiàng)專利到期后,就永遠(yuǎn)了。A項(xiàng)符合句意和邏輯。

11.句意:因此,局所屬的圖書(shū)館架子上有成千上萬(wàn)種專利。根據(jù)句意選C。

12.句意:如果半個(gè)世紀(jì),任何人都可以自由使用。longer長(zhǎng)久的,長(zhǎng)期的;older多年的,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的;weaker虛弱的;younger年輕的。因此選B。

13.句意:實(shí)際上,專利專家們常對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)有效專利而又避免高額費(fèi)用的人提出建議,避免侵犯他人專利的有效辦法就是使用過(guò)期專利。此處,wish符合句意,此處邏輯主語(yǔ)為anyone,因此選D。

14.句意:實(shí)際上,專利專家們常對(duì)希望開(kāi)發(fā)有效專利而又避免高額費(fèi)用的人提出建議,避免侵犯他人專利的有效辦法就是使用過(guò)期專利。Live實(shí)況播送的;dead無(wú)效的;working起作用;recording記錄的。因此選A。

15.因?yàn)橛萌魏纹渌绞焦加^點(diǎn)都會(huì)使之失效。C項(xiàng)permanently(永久地)符合句意。

16.句意:因此,傳統(tǒng)上,從其他印刷材料上想出辦法是。C項(xiàng)safe(安全的)符合句意。

17.句意:眾多現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的進(jìn)步都是這些法律安全的考慮。因此D項(xiàng)based(根據(jù))符合句意。

18.句意:任何一個(gè)經(jīng)常專利和發(fā)明的人很快會(huì)得知。B項(xiàng)involved(參與了)符合句意。

19.句意:只有把握時(shí)代的需求,跟上新技術(shù)的步伐,專利才能變成商業(yè)實(shí)踐,做到名利雙收。此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,應(yīng)用引導(dǎo)詞that。

20.句意:電視生成原理許多原創(chuàng)思路都起源于19世紀(jì)后期和20世紀(jì)初。

3.填空題

Idon’twrite(1)lettersthesedays,justanoccasionalonetoanagingauntofmine.OrdinarilyIusee-mailtostayin(2)withpeople.

【答案】1.many

2.touch

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。此處用many修飾letters。與前面的否定詞don’t連起來(lái)表示我最近沒(méi)怎么寫(xiě)信。

2.固定搭配。stayintouchwith保持聯(lián)系。

4.單選題

Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby______themthatImanagedtogetthemon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stretching

B.squeezing

C.extending

D.spreading

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)stretch“(柔軟或彈性物)伸展,拉緊”,B項(xiàng)squeeze“擠,緊握”,C項(xiàng)extend“延伸,擴(kuò)大”,D項(xiàng)spread“散布,傳播”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句子gloveswerereallytoosmall“手套太小”和Imanagedtogetthemon“我設(shè)法戴上”可知,空格部分表示“把手套撐大”,只有A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意:那副手套實(shí)在太小了,我只有把它們撐大才能戴上。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Rumoristhemost(1)wayofspreadingstories——bypassingthemonfrommouth(2)mouth.Butcivilizedcountriesinnormaltimeshavebetter(3)ofnewsthanrumor.Theyhaveradio,television,andnewspapers.Intimesofstressand(4),(5),rumor;(6)andbecomeswidespread.Atsuch(7)thedifferentkindsofnewsarein(8),thepress,television,andradioversusthegrapevine.Especially(9)rumorsspreadwhenwarrequirescensorship(審查,檢查)onmanyimportantmatters.Thecustomarynewssourcesnolonger(10)enoughinformation.Sincethepeoplecannotlearn.(11)—legitimate(合法的,正規(guī)的)channelsall(12)theyareanxioustolearn,theypickup"news"(13)theycanandwhenthis(14),rumorthrives.Rumorsareoftenrepeated(15)bythosewhodonotbelievethetales.Thereisafascinationaboutthem.Thereasonis(16)thecleverlydesignedrumorgivesexpressiontosomethingdeepintheheartsofthevictims--thefears,suspicions,forbiddenhopes,ordaydreamswhichtheyhesitateto(17)directly.Pessimistic(悲觀的)rumorsaboutdefeatanddisastersshowthatthepeoplewhorepeatthemare(18)andanxious(19)rumorsaboutrecordproductionorpeacesooncomingpointtocomplacency(滿足,自得)orconfidence--andoftento(20).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.primitive

B.important

C.impossible

D.outstanding

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.till

B.to

C.for

D.by

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.means

B.ways

C.sources

D.resource

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.confusion

B.peace

C.prosperity

D.worried

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.however

C.so

D.therefore

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.emerges

B.immerge

C.immerse

D.immense

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.time

B.thetimes

C.times

D.thetime

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.compete

B.competition

C.common

D.harmony

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.do

B.did

C.are

D.were

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.giveup

B.giveoff

C.giveout

D.sendoff

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.through

B.by

C.in

D.across

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.why

C.which

D.that

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.wherever

B.where

C.whatever

D.what

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.happened

B.wouldhappen

C.happens

D.happen

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.ever

B.even

C.forever

D.much

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.what

C.why

D.how

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.act

B.voice

C.behave

D.do

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.happy

B.relieved

C.crazy

D.worried

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.Bad

B.Pessimistic

C.Optimistic

D.Good

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.overconfidence

B.overweight

C.overconsiderate

D.overproduce

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:B

第18題:D

第19題:C

第20題:A

【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。primitive“原始的”;important“重要的”;impossible“不可能的”;outstanding“杰出的”。根據(jù)后一句“butcivilizedcountries…”(但是文明國(guó)家……),可知空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)與civilized想對(duì)應(yīng)的詞,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.考查固定搭配。frommouthtomouth“口口相傳”,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.考查名詞詞義辨析。means“手段,方法”;ways“方法”;sources“來(lái)源”;resource“資源”。后一句提到的radio,television,andnewspapers都是消息的來(lái)源,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.考查詞義辨析。confusion“混亂;混淆”;peace“和平”;prosperity“繁榮,成功”;worried“擔(dān)心的”。前面提到在正常時(shí)期(innormaltimes),消息有很多其他來(lái)源,空格處所在句子后半句提到“謠言又開(kāi)始傳播”說(shuō)明不是在正常時(shí)期,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.考查邏輯關(guān)系??崭裉幩诰渥忧懊娴木渥又v的是正常時(shí)期(innormaltimes),后面講的是緊張混亂時(shí)期(intimesofstressandconfusion),前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。emerge“出現(xiàn)”;immerge“浸入”;immerse“沉浸,使陷入”;immense“巨大的”,形容詞。根據(jù)空格處后面的“becomewidespread”(傳播很廣)可知前面是“謠言出現(xiàn)”,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.考查固定搭配。suchtimes或者suchatime,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.考查詞義辨析。compete“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”,動(dòng)詞;competition“競(jìng)爭(zhēng);比賽”,名詞;common“普通,平民”,名詞,“共同的,普通的”,形容詞;harmony“協(xié)調(diào);和睦”。根據(jù)空格處后面的內(nèi)容“thepress,television,andradioversusthegrapevine”可知是這幾種媒體與小道消息對(duì)抗,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.考查邏輯關(guān)系??崭裉幒竺媸且粋€(gè)完整的句子,因此空格處填入的詞是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào),且時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.考查詞組辨析。giveup“放棄”;giveoff“發(fā)出(光等)”;giveout“分發(fā),發(fā)出”;sendoff“寄出;派遣”。根據(jù)后面的名詞information,可知只有C選項(xiàng)與之搭配合理。

11.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)空格處后面的legitimatechannels(正規(guī)渠道)可知“人們通過(guò)這些渠道知曉……”,因此,與channel搭配的介詞是through,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是all,因此引導(dǎo)詞只能用that,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.考查邏輯關(guān)系。Since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,“因?yàn)槿藗儾荒芡ㄟ^(guò)正規(guī)的渠道獲取他們想要的信息”,可以推測(cè)主句講的是“他們從各處能獲得消息的地方收集消息”,所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)空格處后面的rumorthrives可知此處是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.考查邏輯關(guān)系??崭裉幥懊媸恰爸{言經(jīng)常流傳”,空格處后面是“在那些不相信的人中”,前后是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,選項(xiàng)B符合題意“謠言甚至?xí)谀切┎幌嘈诺娜酥虚g流傳”。

16.考查表語(yǔ)從句??崭裉幪钊氲脑~引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句,且不在從句中做任何成分,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。act“扮演,表現(xiàn)”;voice“表達(dá),吐露”;behave“表現(xiàn)”;do“做”??崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵核麄儾辉敢庵苯颖砺冻鰜?lái)……。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.考查形容詞詞義辨析。happy“高興”;relieved“放心的”;crazy“瘋狂的”;worried“擔(dān)心的”。主語(yǔ)是pessimisticrumors(悲觀的謠言),這種謠言會(huì)讓人“擔(dān)心且憂慮”,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

19.考查形容詞詞義辨析。前面提到pessimisticrumors,此處應(yīng)與之相對(duì),所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

20.考查名詞詞義辨析。overconfidence“自負(fù);過(guò)分相信”;overweight“超重”;overconsiderate“過(guò)度體貼”;overproduce“過(guò)度生產(chǎn)”。前面提到了complacencyorconfidence,空格處在此基礎(chǔ)上遞進(jìn),因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Inthemid-1990s,threeseniorfemaleprofessorsatM.I.T.cametosuspectthattheircareershadbeenhamperedbysimilarpatternsofmarginalization.(1)Afterperformingtheinvestigationandstudyingthedata,thecommitteeconcludedthatthemarginalizationexperiencedbyfemalescientistsatM.I.T.“wasoftenaccompaniedbydifferencesinsalary,space,awards,resourcesandresponsetooutsideoffersbetweenmenandwomenfaculty,withwomenreceivinglessdespiteprofessionalaccomplishmentsequaltothoseoftheircolleagues.”Thedeanconcurredwiththecommittee’sfindings.Andyet,aswasnotedinthecommittee’sreport,hisfellowadministrators“resistedthenotionthattherewasanyproblemthatarosefromgenderbiasinthetreatmentofthewomenfaculty.SomearguedthatitwasthemasculinecultureofM.I.T.thatwastoblame,andlittlecouldbedonetochangethat.”

(2)

Thecommittee’smostevocativefindingwasthatthediscriminationfacingfemalescientistsinthefinalquarterof20thcenturywasqualitativelydifferentfromthemoreobviousformsofsexismaddressedbycivilrightslawsandaffirmativeaction,butnolessreal.NoteveryoneagreesthatwhatwasuncoveredatM.I.T.actuallyqualifiesasdiscrimination.

(3)

Eveniffemaleprofessorshavebeenshortchangedorshuntedaside,theirmarginalizationmightbearesultofthesamesortsofdepartmentalinfighting,personalityconflictsand“mistakenimpressionsthatcausemalefacultymemberstofeelslightedaswell.‘‘Perceptionsofdiscriminationareevidenceofnothingbutsubjectivefeelings,”Kleinfeldscoffs.

(4)

InFebruary2012,theAmericanInstituteofPhysicspublishedasurveyof15,000maleandfemalephysicistsacross130countries.

(5)

“Infact,”theresearchersconcluded,“womenphysicistscouldbethemajorityinsomehypotheticalfutureyetstillfindtheircareersexperienceproblemsthatstemfromoftenunconsciousbias.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

【答案】第1題:F

第2題:E

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文。第二段開(kāi)頭提到committee時(shí),使用了定冠詞the修飾committee,說(shuō)明前文該詞就已出現(xiàn)過(guò),選項(xiàng)F中含有committee,也同樣提到了investigate,與下文的investigation呼應(yīng)。

2.聯(lián)系上下文??崭袂耙痪涮峒皯?yīng)該指責(zé)的是麻省理工學(xué)院的男性文化(masculineculture),而對(duì)此卻束手無(wú)策。選項(xiàng)E中提及女性沒(méi)有成為科學(xué)家是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)(或科學(xué)家)都是男性,與前文意思最為接近。

3.聯(lián)系上下文??崭竦那耙痪渲刑岬讲⒉皇敲恳粋€(gè)人都同意在麻省理工暴露的問(wèn)題就是歧視的這一說(shuō)法,接下來(lái)作者很有可能要舉例說(shuō)明該觀點(diǎn)。另外,第二段末提到了一個(gè)人名Kleinfeld,說(shuō)明上文中一定交代了Kleinfeld的相關(guān)信息,選項(xiàng)中符合語(yǔ)境的只有選項(xiàng)B,其中提及的“M.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasive”與上文信息呼應(yīng)。

4.聯(lián)系上下文??崭袂暗亩沃刑峒癒leinfeld教授認(rèn)為麻省理工的女性科學(xué)家被邊緣化不是因?yàn)樾詣e歧視,而空格句所在段落的尾句指出大多數(shù)女物理學(xué)家所經(jīng)歷的事業(yè)問(wèn)題通常來(lái)自于無(wú)意識(shí)的偏見(jiàn)(unconsciousbias),前后兩段內(nèi)容相反,由此可知,空格處句子表示轉(zhuǎn)折承接,C、D入選,而只有選項(xiàng)C中提及了discrimination,與下文遙相呼應(yīng)。

5.聯(lián)系上下文。選項(xiàng)A中的inalmostallcultures與上文中的across130countries互相呼應(yīng)。

7.單選題

Johnwouldhavepaid()forthejackethadthesalesmaninsistedbecausehereallyloveditscolorandstyle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.twiceasmuch

B.twotimesmore

C.muchastwice

D.asmuchtwice

【答案】A

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞+as,

這里實(shí)際上省略了第二個(gè)as及其后面的內(nèi)容,

只有選項(xiàng)A為正確的倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式。

8.單選題

Fool()Jerryis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.as

C.like

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句子前半部分用了倒裝,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn),被倒裝的部分可以是表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形。句意:像杰瑞這么傻,他不可能做這種事。故本題的正確選項(xiàng)是B選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Thecriminalhadplannedtoescapefromtheprison,buthisattemptprovedtobean().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abortion

B.accident

C.adventure

D.alarm

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。abortion"流產(chǎn),計(jì)劃(失?。?accident“事故,意外”;adventure“冒險(xiǎn)”;alarm“警報(bào)”。前面提到罪犯試圖越獄,后面轉(zhuǎn)折詞but表明他沒(méi)有成功,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意:這個(gè)罪犯試圖越獄,但是他的計(jì)劃沒(méi)有成功。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thestratosphericozonelayerisnotacompletelyuniformstratum,nordoesitoccuratthesamealtitudearoundtheglobe.ItliesclosesttotheEarthoverthepolesandrisestomaximumaltitudeovertheequator.Inthestratosphere,ozoneiscontinuouslybeingmadeanddestroyedbynaturalprocesses.DuringthedaytheSunbreaksdownsomeoftheoxygenmoleculestosingleoxygenatoms,andtheseatoms,reactingwithoxygenmoleculesthathavenotbeendissociated,formozone.However,thesunlightalsobreaksdownozonebyconvertingsomeofitbacktonormaloxygen.Inaddition,naturallyoccurringnitrogenoxidesenterintothecycleandspeedthebreakdownreactions.Theamountofozonepresentatanyonetimeisthebalancebetweentheprocessesthatcreateitandthosethatdestroyit.

Sincethesplittingoftheoxygenmoleculesdependsdirectlyupontheintensityofsolarradiation,thegreatestrateofozoneproductionoccursoverthetropics.However,ozoneisalsodestroyedmostrapidlythere,andwindcirculationpatternscarrytheozone-enrichedupperlayersoftheatmosphereawayfromtheequator.Itturnsoutthatthelargesttotalozoneamountsarefoundathighlatitudes.OnatypicaldaytheamountofozoneoverMinnesota,forexample,is30percentgreaterthantheamountover900milesfarthersouth.Thedensityandaltitudeoftheozonelayeralsochangewiththeseasons,theweather,andtheamountofsolaractivity.Nevertheless,atanyoneplaceabovetheEarth’ssurface,thelongtermaveragesmaintainedbynaturalprocessesarebelievedtobereasonablyconstant.

TheamountofozoneneartheEarthisonlyasmallpercentoftheamountinthestratosphere,andexchangeofmoleculesbetweentheozonelayerandatthegroundlevelisthoughttoberelativelysmall.Furthermore,theozonemoleculeissounstablethatonlyatinyfractionofground-levelozonecouldsurvivethelongtriptothestratosphere,sotheozonelayerwillnotbereplenishedtoanysignificantdegreebytheincreasingconcentrationsofozonethathavebeendetectedinrecentyearsneartheEarth’ssurface.Thelong-termaveragesofozonebothneargroundlevelandinthestratosphereareregulatedbycontinuousprocessesthatareconstantlydestroyingandcreatingitineachoftheseplaces.Thisiswhyscientistsaresoconcernedabouthumanbeing’sinjectionintothestratospherechemicalslikenitrogenoxides,whicharecatalyststhatfacilitatethebreakdownofozone.Iftheozonelayerisdepletedsignificantly,moreultravioletradiationwouldpenetratetotheEarth’ssurfaceanddamagemanylivingorganisms.

1.What’sthethematicquestionofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatmostresemblestheprocessesthatdeterminetheamountofozoneintheupperstratosphere?

3.WhichofthefollowinghastheLEASTeffectontheamountofozoneintheupperatmosphere?

4.Intermsoftheamountofozoneinthestratosphere,naturalprocessesareassumedtoform______.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howtodealwiththerelationsbetweenozonelayerandradiationdamage?

B.Whatistheaveragethicknessofthestratosphericozonelayer?

C.Whydoesincreaseexposuretoultravioletradiationdestroymanylivingorganisms?

D.Howisstratosphericozonecreatedandchanged?

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Automobileemissionsandseasonalfogsthatcreatealayerofsmogoveracity.

B.Plantingandharvestingactivitiesthatproduceacropwhosesizeisalwaysaboutthesame.

C.Depositsandwithdrawalsmadeinabankaccountwhoseaveragebalanceremainsmuchthesame.

D.Assetsandliabilitiesthatdeterminethenetworthofacorporation.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Weather.

B.Latitude.

C.Season.

D.Ground-levelozone.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.achainofrandomlyoccurringphenomena

B.aninteractiverelationship

C.areductionsystem

D.alinearprogression

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Solarradiationnotonlyproducesanddamagesozonebutalsoposesahazardtohumanlife.

B.Naturallyoccurringnitrogenoxides,aswellasthoseintroducedbyhumans,tendtodepletethelayerofozoneinthestratosphere.

C.Adelicatebutreasonablyconstantbalanceexistsbetweenthenaturalprocessthatproduceozoneandthosethatdestroyitinthestratosphere.

D.Changesintheconcentrationofozoneinthestratospheretendtocancelthemselvesoutafteraperiodoftime.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.What’sthethematicquestionofthepassage?1.這篇文章的主題問(wèn)題是什么?

A.Howtodealwiththerelationsbetweenozonelayerandradiationdamage?A.如何處理臭氧層與輻射損害的關(guān)系?

B.Whatistheaveragethicknessofthestratosphericozonelayer?B.平流層臭氧層的平均厚度是多少?

C.Whydoesincreaseexposuretoultravioletradiationdestroymanylivingorganisms?C.為什么紫外線輻射的增加會(huì)破壞許多生物體?

D.Howisstratosphericozonecreatedandchanged?D.平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生和改變的?

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知,文章第一段介紹了平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生的,第二、三段講述了影響臭氧含量的一些因素,包括太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)、季節(jié)、天氣和緯度,以及解釋臭氧是如何被破壞和創(chuàng)造,但又能保持平衡,綜合理解可推斷,這篇文章主要是回答平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生和改變的這個(gè)問(wèn)題,故該題選擇D項(xiàng)“平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生和改變的?”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“如何處理臭氧層與輻射損害的關(guān)系?”、B項(xiàng)“平流層臭氧層的平均厚度是多少?”和C項(xiàng)“為什么紫外線輻射的增加會(huì)破壞許多生物體?”,原文沒(méi)有談到這三個(gè)問(wèn)題,這三項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatmostresemblestheprocessesthatdeterminetheamountofozoneintheupperstratosphere?2.根據(jù)文章,什么最類似于決定平流層上層的臭氧量的過(guò)程?

A.Automobileemissionsandseasonalfogsthatcreatealayerofsmogoveracity.A.汽車尾氣和季節(jié)性霧霾會(huì)在城市上空形成一層霧霾。

B.Plantingandharvestingactivitiesthatproduceacropwhosesizeisalwaysaboutthesame.B.種植和收獲活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的作物的規(guī)模總是相同。

C.Depositsandwithdrawalsmadeinabankaccountwhoseaveragebalanceremainsmuchthesame.C.在銀行賬戶上的存款和取款,其平均余額基本不變。

D.Assetsandliabilitiesthatdeterminethenetworthofacorporation.D.決定公司凈資產(chǎn)的資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位第二段,該段對(duì)平流層上層的臭氧量變化過(guò)程有描述,根據(jù)前三句“由于氧分子的分裂直接取決于太陽(yáng)輻射的強(qiáng)度,臭氧產(chǎn)生的最大速率發(fā)生在熱帶地區(qū)。然而,那里的臭氧被破壞的速度也最快,風(fēng)環(huán)流模式將富含臭氧的上層大氣帶離赤道。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),臭氧總量最大的地區(qū)是高緯度地區(qū)?!币约白詈笠痪洹叭欢?,在地球表面的任何一個(gè)地方,自然過(guò)程所維持的長(zhǎng)期平均值被認(rèn)為是相當(dāng)恒定的?!睆闹锌芍?,熱帶地區(qū)的臭氧產(chǎn)生速率是最高的,但是臭氧含量最高的是高緯度地區(qū),因?yàn)轱L(fēng)環(huán)流模式會(huì)將富含臭氧的上層大氣帶到高緯度地區(qū),這是自然過(guò)程維持的一個(gè)恒定的平均值,也就是說(shuō)產(chǎn)生和帶走的臭氧量的平均值會(huì)保持恒定,這與C項(xiàng)“在銀行賬戶上的存款和取款,其平均余額基本不變”類似,故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“汽車尾氣和季節(jié)性霧霾會(huì)在城市上空形成一層霧霾”、B項(xiàng)“種植和收獲活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的作物的規(guī)??偸窍嗤焙虳項(xiàng)“決定公司凈資產(chǎn)的資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債”沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出保持恒定這一過(guò)程,這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowinghastheLEASTeffectontheamountofozoneintheupperatmosphere?3.下列哪項(xiàng)對(duì)上層大氣中的臭氧量影響最?。?/p>

A.Weather.A.天氣。

B.Latitude.B.緯度。

C.Season.C.季節(jié)。

D.Ground-levelozone.D.地面臭氧。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第一、二句“地球附近的臭氧量只是平流層中臭氧量的一小部分,而且臭氧層和地面的分子交換被認(rèn)為是相對(duì)較小的。此外,臭氧分子很不穩(wěn)定,以至于只有一小部分地面臭氧能夠在到達(dá)平流層的漫長(zhǎng)旅程中存活下來(lái),因此,近年來(lái)在地球表面附近探測(cè)到的不斷增加的臭氧濃度,不會(huì)對(duì)臭氧層進(jìn)行任何程度的補(bǔ)充。”可知,地面臭氧對(duì)于大氣中的臭氧量影響最少,該題選擇D項(xiàng)“地面臭氧”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“天氣”和C項(xiàng)“季節(jié)”根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“臭氧層的密度和高度也隨著季節(jié)、天氣和太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的數(shù)量而變化”可知,這兩項(xiàng)是對(duì)上層大氣中的臭氧量影響大的因素,屬于反向干擾;

B項(xiàng)“緯度”根據(jù)第二段第三句“結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),臭氧總量最大的地區(qū)是高緯度地區(qū)”可知,緯度也是影響上層大氣中的臭氧量較多的,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Intermsoftheamountofozoneinthestratosphere,naturalprocessesareassumedtoform______.4.就平流層中的臭氧量而言,自然過(guò)程被認(rèn)為形成了______。

A.achainofrandomlyoccurringphenomenaA.一系列隨機(jī)發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象

B.aninteractiverelationshipB.一種相互作用的關(guān)系

C.areductionsystemC.一個(gè)還原系統(tǒng)

D.alinearprogressionD.一個(gè)線性增長(zhǎng)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第三、四、五句“在平流層,自然過(guò)程不斷地產(chǎn)生和破壞臭氧。白天,太陽(yáng)將一些氧分子分解成單個(gè)氧原子,這些氧原子與尚未分解的氧分子發(fā)生反應(yīng),形成臭氧。然而,陽(yáng)光也會(huì)分解臭氧,將部分臭氧轉(zhuǎn)化為正常的氧氣。此外,自然產(chǎn)生的氮氧化物進(jìn)入循環(huán),加速分解反應(yīng)。”可知,在平流層中,太陽(yáng)分解氧分子為氧原子,然后與未分解的氧分子發(fā)生反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生臭氧,而陽(yáng)光也分解臭氧轉(zhuǎn)化為正常氧氣,這個(gè)自然過(guò)程一直維持臭氧量的平衡,可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)相互作用的系統(tǒng),所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)“一種相互作用的關(guān)系”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“一系列隨機(jī)發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象”,臭氧的產(chǎn)生和破壞并不是隨機(jī)現(xiàn)象,該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)還原系統(tǒng)”,除了還原為氧氣外,還產(chǎn)生了臭氧,該項(xiàng)表示太片面,屬于以偏概全;

D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)線性增長(zhǎng)”,平流層中的臭氧量是一個(gè)維持平衡的狀態(tài),而不是線性增長(zhǎng),該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?5.這篇文章的主要思想是什么?

A.Solarradiationnotonlyproducesanddamagesozonebutalsoposesahazardtohumanlife.A.太陽(yáng)輻射不僅產(chǎn)生和破壞臭氧,而且對(duì)人類的生命造成危害。

B.Naturallyoccurringnitrogenoxides,aswellasthoseintroducedbyhumans,tendtodepletethelayerofozoneinthestratosphere.B.自然產(chǎn)生的氮氧化物,以及那些由人類引入的氮氧化物,往往會(huì)消耗平流層的臭氧層。

C.Adelicatebutreasonablyconstantbalanceexistsbetweenthenaturalprocessthatproduceozoneandthosethatdestroyitinthestratosphere.C.在產(chǎn)生臭氧的自然過(guò)程和平流層中破壞臭氧的自然過(guò)程之間,存在著一種微妙而又相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的平衡。

D.Changesintheconcentrationofozoneinthestratospheretendtocancelthemselvesoutafteraperiodoftime.D.一段時(shí)間后,平流層中臭氧濃度的變化往往會(huì)相互抵消。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章第一段先介紹了平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生和被破壞的,然后在最后一句指出“任何時(shí)候臭氧的總量都是產(chǎn)生臭氧過(guò)程和破壞臭氧過(guò)程之間的平衡”,概括了文章主要討論的內(nèi)容,即產(chǎn)生臭氧過(guò)程和破壞臭氧過(guò)程之間總是保持平衡;接著第二、三段分別講述了破壞臭氧水平的因素,以及自然過(guò)程是如何平衡臭氧水平,綜合理解可知,本文的主要討論的內(nèi)容就是“在產(chǎn)生和破壞臭氧的自然過(guò)程中存在一種微妙的平衡”,C項(xiàng)“在產(chǎn)生臭氧的自然過(guò)程和平流層中破壞臭氧的自然過(guò)程之間,存在著一種微妙而又相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的平衡”符合這一題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)輻射不僅產(chǎn)生和破壞臭氧,而且對(duì)人類的生命造成危害”、B項(xiàng)“自然產(chǎn)生的氮氧化物,以及那些由人類引入的氮氧化物,往往會(huì)消耗平流層的臭氧層”和D項(xiàng)“一段時(shí)間后,平流層中臭氧濃度的變化往往會(huì)相互

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