考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精選試題及答案解析

考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精選試題及答案解析考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精選試題及答案解析考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精選試題及答案解析xxx公司考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精選試題及答案解析文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精選試題及答案解析Unit1PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）Text1It’splaincommonsenseDthemorehappinessyoufeel,thelessunhappinessyouexperience.It’splaincommonsense,butit’snottrue.Recentresearchrevealsthathappinessandunhappinessarenotreallytwosidesofthesameemotion.Theyaretwodistinctfeelingsthat,coexisting,riseandfallindependently.Peoplemightthinkthatthehigheraperson’slevelofunhappiness,thelowertheirlevelofhappinessandviceversa.Butwhenresearchersmeasurepeople’saveragelevelsofhappinessandunhappiness,theyoftenfindlittlerelationshipbetweenthetwo.Therecognitionthatfeelingsofhappinessandunhappinesscanco-existmuchlikeloveandhateinacloserelationshipmayoffervaluablecluesonhowtoleadahappierlife.Itsuggests,forexample,thatchangingoravoidingthingsthatmakeyoumiserablemaywellmakeyoulessmiserable,butprobablywon’tmakeyouanyhappier.Thatadviceisbackedupbyanextraordinaryseriesofstudieswhichindicatethatageneticpredispositionforunhappinessmayrunincertainfamilies.Ontheotherhand,researchershavefoundhappinessdoesn’tappeartobeanyone’sheritage.Thecapacityforjoyisatalentyoudeveloplargelyforyourself.PsychologistshavesettledonaworkingdefinitionofthefeelingDhappinessisasenseofsubjectivewell-being.Theyhavealsobeguntofindoutwho’shappy,whoisn’tandwhy.Todate,theresearchhasn’tfoundasimpleformulaforahappylife,butithasdiscoveredsomeoftheactionsandattitudesthatseemtobringpeopleclosertothatmostdesiredoffeelings.WhyisunhappinesslessinfluencedbyenvironmentWhenwearehappy,wearemoreresponsivetopeopleandkeepupconnectionsbetterthanwhenwearefeelingsad.Thisdoesn’tmean,however,thatsomepeopleareborntobesadandthat’sthat.Genesmaypredisposeonetounhappiness,butdispositioncanbeinfluencedbypersonalchoice.Youcanincreaseyourhappinessthroughyourownactions.1.Accordingtothetext,itistruethat［A］unhappinessismoreinheritedthanaffectedbyenvironment.［B］happinessandunhappinessaremutuallyconditional.［C］unhappinessissubjecttoexternalmorethaninternalfactors.［D］happinessisanuncontrollablesubjectivefeeling.2.Theauthorarguesthatonecanachievehappinessby［A］maintainingitatanaveragelevel.［B］escapingmiserableoccurrencesinlife.［C］pursuingitwithone’spainstakingeffort.［D］realizingitscoexistencewithunhappiness.3.Thephrase“Todate”canbebestreplacedby［A］Asaresult.［B］Inaddition.［C］Atpresent.［D］Untilnow.4.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorbelievesabouthappinessandunhappiness?［A］Onefeelsunhappyowingtohismiserableorigin.［B］Theyareindependentbutexistingconcurrently［C］Onefeelshappybyparticipatinginmoreactivities.［D］Theyareactionsandattitudestakenbyhumanbeings.5.Thesentence“That’sthat”(Par.5)probablymeans:Somepeopleareborntobesad［A］andthesituationcannotbealtered.［B］andhappinessremainsinaccessible.［C］buttheydon’tthinkmuchaboutit.［D］buttheyremainunconsciousofit.Text2Thelegallimitfordrivingafterdrinkingalcoholis80milligramsofalcoholin100millilitresofblood,whentested.Butthereisnosurewayoftellinghowmuchyoucandrinkbeforeyoureachthislimit.Itvarieswitheachpersondependingonyourweight,yoursex,ifyou’vejusteatenandwhatsortofdrinksyou’vehad.Somepeoplemightreachtheirlimitafteronlyaboutthreestandarddrinks.Infact,yourdrivingabilitycanbeaffectedbyjustoneortwodrinks.Evenifyou’rebelowthelegallimit,youcouldstillbetakentocourtifapoliceofficerthinksyourdrivinghasbeenaffectedbyalcohol.Ittakesaboutanhourforthebodytogetridofthealcoholinonestandarddrink.So,ifyouhaveaheavydrinkingintheeveningyoumightfindthatyourdrivingabilityisstillaffectedthenextmorning,oryoucouldevenfindthatyou’restilloverthelegallimit.Inaddition,ifyou’vehadafewdrinksatlunchtime,anotheroneortwodrinksintheearlyeveningmaywellputyouoverthelegallimit.Inatestwithprofessionaldrivers,themorealcoholicdrinkstheyhadhad,themorecertaintheywerethattheycoulddriveatestcoursethroughasetofmovableposts...andthelessabletheyweretodoit!Sotheonlywaytobesureyou’resafeisnottodrinkatall.Alcoholisamajorcauseofroadtrafficaccidents.Oneinthreeofthedriverskilledinroadaccidentshavelevelsofalcoholwhichareoverthelegallimit,androadaccidentsafterdrinkingarethebiggestcauseofdeathamongyoungmen.Morethanhalfofthepeoplestoppedbythepolicetotakeabreathtesthaveabloodalcoholconcentrationofmorethantwicethelegallimit.Itisimportanttorememberthatdrivingafteryou’vebeendrinkingdoesn’tjustaffectyou.Ifyou’reinvolvedinanaccidentitaffectsalotofotherpeopleaswell,notleastthepersonyoumightkillorinjure.6.Theamountofalcoholadrivercandrinkwithinthelegallimitis［A］about80mgofpurealcohol.［B］aboutthreestandarddrinks.［C］inproportiontohisweight.［D］varyingwithdifferentpeople.7.Youmightbeaccusedofdrunkdrivingwhen［A］youdriveuponhavingsomedrinks.［B］youbecomeahelplessalcoholaddict.［C］yourdrivingisfoundabnormalfordrinking.［D］youralcoholpercentagefailsthetest.8.Atestshowedthatdrunkenprofessionaldriverscould［A］havegreaterconfidencethansoberones.［B］moveawayasetofpostsonthetestground.［C］failinthetestdespitetheirself-affirmation.［D］serveasalarmingexamplestopotentialdrivers.9.Alcoholisthemajorcauseoftrafficaccidentsbecause［A］morethan30%roadcasualtiesaredrinkdrivers.［B］drinkingaffectspeople’smindandemotion.［C］aboutone-thirddriversareusedtodrinking.［D］youngdriversarefamiliaramongtrafficvictims.10.Aboutdrinkdriving,theauthorwarnsyouofthefactthatyou［A］maybetakentocourtbythepolice.［B］areputtingyourselfindanger.［C］mayhurtorkillanotherdriver.［D］aresettingotherpeopleatrisk.Text3Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,realgoodssuchasautomobiles,shoesandpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.Analternativeforthemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedicts(orders)orcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforthewholeeconomy.Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition;everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage(origin),religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcaste(socialclass)mayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnant(unchanging)societymayresult.11.Themainpurposeofthetextisto［A］interprettheessenceofgeneraleconomics.［B］comparebarterandcash-exchangemarkets.［C］outlinecontrastingtypesofeconomicsystems.［D］argueforthesuperiorityofacertaineconomy.12.Theword“real”in“realgoods”couldbestbereplacedby［A］genuine.［B］concrete.［C］durable.［D］practical.13.Accordingtothetext,abartereconomymayleadto［A］unfairtransaction.［B］directconflicts.［C］gradualdeflation.［D］tradingtroubles.14.Inanadministeredsystem,businessactivitiesareunderthedirectionof［A］majoreconomicorganizations.［B］generalpublicadvisorybody.［C］largecommercialcompanies.［D］certainofficialdepartments.15.Allofthefollowingarementionedasfactorsdeterminingone’splaceinatraditionalsocietyEXCEPT［A］familybackground.［B］ageandeducation.［C］religiousbeliefs.［D］establishedexperience.Text4It’spossiblethatwhileyouareatwork,youmaydreamaboutamonthofSundays,butyourbosswishesforaweekofTuesday.That’sbecauseshe/heprobablyknowsthatproductivityisoneofthemainfactorsbolstering(supporting)acompany’sgrowth.AndarecentpollshowsthatworkersaremostproductiveonTuesdays!Accountemps,anemploymentagency,conductedanationalsurveyofofficemanagers,whichshowsthatbythemiddleoftheweek,theyseeadramaticproductivitydecrease.WhileMondayisconsideredsecondin“productivityvalue,”onlyninepercentofofficemanagersthinkWednesdayisthepeakproductivityday.FivepercentbelieveitisThursday.AndFriday,well,youcanjustimagine!However,forty-eightpercentofthemanagerspolledsaidthatTuesdayis,byfar,themostproductivedayoftheweek.Acloseanalysisofworkweekrhythmswouldturnupsomeobviousreasonsforthosesurveyresults.Firstofall,Mondayisoverloadedwithmeetings,designedto“getthingsmoving,”andeverybodyknowsmeetingsaren’tveryproductive.Wednesdayis“humpday”(駝峰日)Dgetoveritaspainlesslyaspossible,aworkerthinks,andtheweekismorethanhalfwayover.OnThursday,peoplearerunningoutofsteam;andFriday,everybody’sthinkingabouttheweekend.Therearereasonswhytheotherdaysaren’tproductive,butwhatmakesTuesdayspecial?Tuesdays,employeeshitpeakperformancebecausetheyareveryfocusedonday-to-dayactivities.Also,it’susuallythefirstdayoftheweekwhenthey’refocusedontheirowntask.They’renotinmeetingsthattakethemawayfromtheirprimaryresponsibilities.Actually,Tuesdayscanbequitehectic(fullofexcitementandwithoutrest).Workersarearrivingatworkfairlyfrantic(wildlyexcited).Andso,in10hours,they’redoing20-hourwork.That’sproductive,butit’salsotough.Thisdoesnotmeanthatnothinghappensonthelastthreedaysoftheworkweek.Thingsdonotgetsolaxthatpeoplearesittingwiththeirfeetondesks,sippingcoffeeandtalkingonthephoneallday,butthere’sadefinitelackoffocus.Thepacesoftensandtherhythmslowsdown.Andthisisnothealthy:itproducesfatigueandlowersproductivity.Topreventthismidweekslowdown,somemanagementconsultantssuggestthatemployersavoidjammingsomanymeetingsintoMondays.Workdeadlinescanberescheduledtostretchouttheworkflow.Variationsinproductivityareonlynatural,butbothworkersandbosseswinwhenthepeaksandvalleysarelessdramaticthantheyarenow.16.Accordingtothepoll,whichofthefollowingdaysismostproductive?［A］Thursday.［B］Friday.［C］Monday.［D］Wednesday.17.Thepeakproductivitydayoftheweekismarkedby［A］violentexcitementandactivity.［B］dueenthusiasmandcreativity.［C］hurriedanddisorderedmovement.［D］fullconcentrationandefficiency.18.Theword“l(fā)ax”inthelastparagraphmeans［A］usuallynegligible.［B］lackingincontrol.［C］totallydistractive.［D］worthyofrelaxing.19.Withrespecttothechangesinproductivity,thetextsuggeststhat［A］workdeadlinescanbereadjusted.［B］theyarereasonableandexpectable.［C］Mondaymeetingsmaybecalledoff.［D］theirdifferencesaretobeminimized.20.TheauthorhasexplainedallofthefollowingEXCEPT［A］thestepstakentoalterworkweekrhythms.［B］theproductivityonthe6thdayoftheweek.［C］thereasonwhymidweekslowdowntakesplace.［D］theconcernbosseshaveaboutlowproductivity.PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutmarketingstrategies.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistADFforeachnumberedparagraph(21D25).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)［A］Whichmarketingtacticmustanentitytake?［B］Qualityfirst,competitionsecond［C］Exemplifyoffensivemeasures［D］Complexfactorscauseduemarketanalysis［E］Themotiveforproceedsalsofunctions［F］StrategyvarieswithexternalconditionsTherearethreegeneralmarketingstrategiesthatanorganizationcanadopt.firstisanaggressivestrategy,characterizedbygeneratingagreatdealofpromotion,varyingprices,changingthetimesandplacesatwhichtheproducts/servicesareoffered,differentiatingtheproducts/servicesfromthoseofcompetingorganizations,hiringcreativesalespersonstopromotetheproducts/services,spendinglotsofmoneyonmarketingactivities,andsoforth.secondgeneralmarketingstrategyisaminimalone,characterizedbydoingverylittlepromotion,pricingbelowmarket,offeringservicesattraditionalplacesandtimes,spendingverylittlemoneyonpromotionandsalespersons,andsoforth.Thethirdisabalancedmarketingstrategy,anin-betweenstrategythatdiffersfromanaggressivestrategyandaminimalstrategyonlyindegree.Thesethreestrategiesareappropriatealternativesforanyorganization.However,noteveryorganizationneedsanaggressivestrategy,nordoeseveryorganizationneedabalancedstrategyoraminimalone.Thesituationfacingeachentityisobviouslydifferent,callingforananalysisofthefactorsthatdictatewhichofthethreealternativestrategiesismostsuitableforeachorganization.firstmajorfactoristhenatureofthemarketcompetitionfacingtheorganization.Ifitisinamonopolyposition,withnodirectcompetitorsinitsmarketarea,thenaminimalmarketingstrategyissuitable.However,iftheorganizationisinanoligopolymarketposition,withafewcompetitorsinitsmarketarea,thenabalancedmarketingstrategyiscalledfor.Ifthereisahighdegreeofcompetitionandseveralcompetingproducts/servicesinitsmarketarea,thiswouldsuggestanaggressivemarketingstrategy.Further,iftherearemanyotherformsofindirectcompetition,thentheorganizationshouldpursueabalancedmarketingstrategy.secondmajorfactoristhequalityoftheproducts/servicesoffered.Iftheorganizationhashigh-qualityproducts/services,aminimalmarketingstrategyiscalledfor,otherfactorsbeingequal.Ifitisinaweakmarketpositionwithlow-qualityproducts/services,aminimalmarketingstrategyshouldbepursued.Iftheproducts/servicesareofmediumquality,thiswouldsuggestabalancedstrategy.thirdmajorfactoristherevenuestrategiesthatthemanagersmaydesiretopursue.Forexample,ifthemanagerswanttomaximizetheorganization’srevenuesfromitsproducts’services,thentheorganizationshouldadoptanaggressivemarketingstrategy.Ifitwantstominimizerevenues,thenitshouldpursueaminimalstrategy.However,ifitwantstobalanceitsrevenues

DnotmaximizingandnotminimizingDthenabalancedmarketingstrategyiscalledfor.Thesefactorsmaybesummarizedandputintodecisionmodelforanadministratortouseindecidingwhichgeneralmarketingstrategyhis/herorganizationshoulduse.Oncethestrengthsandweaknessesareweightedforeachfactor,anoverallevaluationcanbecompleted,allowingtheadministratortoarriveatanoveralldecisionDthatis,whethertofollowanaggressive,balanced,orminimalgeneralmarketingstrategy.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Notlongago,technologyinthehomewascarvedupintowell-definedterritories:ThePCDcareofMicrosoft,Intel,Dell,andthelikeDpresidedoverthehomeoffice.Thetelevisionandstereowerekingandqueenofthelivingroom.Thesedays,though,thedigitalrevolutionisshakingupthatcomfortableease.(26)WiththeadventofMP3musicfiles,personalvideorecorders,gamemachines,digitalcameras,andahostofothermediaandservices,it’snolongerclearwhocontrolswhichbitofhomefloor.Andthathassetoffabattlefordominanceinhomeentertainment.Theshake-upcoversthetechnologyspectrum.MicrosoftCorp.isspendingbillionsonentertainmentinitiativessuchasitsX-boxvideogamecomfort.CompaqComputerCorp.andHewlettPackardCo.sellMP3musicplayersthatplugintohomestereosystems.PhilipsElectronicssellsastereothathooksintoahigh-speedInternetconnectiontoplaymusicfromtheWeb.

Consumersaregettingthemessage.(27)Salesofmanyofthesedevicesshouldtakeoffthisyearandnext:.shipmentsofMP3digitalmusicplayersforlisteningtosongsdownloadedfromtheNetareexpectedtojumpbymorethan50%thisyear,to7millionunits,accordingtoresearchersInternationalDataCorp.Salesofpersonalvideorecorders,suchasTiVo,whichletyourecordTVshowsforlaterviewing,shouldnearlytriplethisyearinthe.,tomillionunits.Evenhigh-definitiontelevision(HDTV)DthedurableNextBigThingDmaysoontakeoff.(28)Bytheendof2003,nearly6million.homesshouldhaveHDTVsets,andbyyearend,somemillionAmericanhomesareexpectedtohavenetworkstotietheirdigitalgeartogether,withstronggrowthspurredbyanewstandardforwirelesslinkscalledWiFi.Callitthenextbigwaveoftechnology.(29)AfterthePCeraandtheInternetAge,manyconsumershavegrowncomfortablewithtech:Two-thirdsof.homesownPCstoday,while60%haveInternetaccess,accordingtoresearchersGartnerData-quest.Toreachtherestofthemarket,technologycompaniesneedtobuildsimplerdevicesthatoffermoreentertainment.(30)Andthesenewmachinesneedtoworktogetherasreadilyasstereocomponentsdotoday,andshouldbenearlyaseasytosetupanduseasatelephoneoratelevision.Thatisleadingtothecomputerizationoftechnologyoverthenextfivetotenyears.ThefutureisaboutMP3players,digitalvideo,andthelike.

參考答案PartAText1:1.A2.C3.D4.B5.AText2:6.D7.C8.C9.B10.DText3:11.C12.B13.D14.D15.BText4:16.C17.D18.B19.D20.APartB21.C22.A23.F24.B25.EPartC26.隨著MP3音樂(lè)文檔、個(gè)人錄像機(jī)、游戲機(jī)、數(shù)碼照相機(jī)及許多其它媒體和服務(wù)器的問(wèn)世，究竟誰(shuí)會(huì)占據(jù)家庭中的哪塊地盤(pán)，就很難說(shuō)了。27.今明兩年，這些電器中許多產(chǎn)品的銷(xiāo)售量會(huì)急劇上升，據(jù)國(guó)際數(shù)據(jù)公司的研究人員估計(jì)，能收聽(tīng)從網(wǎng)上下載歌曲的MP3數(shù)碼音樂(lè)播放機(jī)，美國(guó)今年出貨預(yù)計(jì)躍升50%以上，達(dá)到700萬(wàn)套。28.到2003年末，近600萬(wàn)美國(guó)家庭擁有高清晰電視機(jī)，而到年終，隨著稱(chēng)作WiFi的無(wú)線連接新技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所激發(fā)的迅猛發(fā)展，預(yù)計(jì)約有770萬(wàn)美國(guó)家庭用網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)把他們的數(shù)碼裝置聯(lián)成一體。29.許多消費(fèi)者在經(jīng)歷過(guò)個(gè)人電腦時(shí)代和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代之后，對(duì)新技術(shù)業(yè)已應(yīng)付自如；據(jù)Gartner數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查公司的研究人員統(tǒng)計(jì)，現(xiàn)在2/3的美國(guó)家庭擁有個(gè)人電腦，而60%的家庭有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接口。30.而且，這些新機(jī)器需要像現(xiàn)在的立體音響部件那樣容易地組合起來(lái)運(yùn)行，同時(shí)它們還應(yīng)該幾乎像電話機(jī)或電視機(jī)一樣容易安裝和使用。答案解析Unit1PartAText1【文章大意與結(jié)構(gòu)】本文討論了幸福感與不幸福感話題。作者第一、二段指出幸福與不幸福實(shí)際上并非同一情感的兩個(gè)方面，它們互為共存，各自增減，兩者之間沒(méi)有多少關(guān)系；第三至五段提到，不幸福的遺傳稟性可能存在于某些家庭，而幸福感則主要靠后天培養(yǎng)，幸福感是一種主觀感受，天生感到不幸福的人也可通過(guò)自己的努力增加幸福感。本文在結(jié)構(gòu)上的顯著特點(diǎn)是各段中間均使用轉(zhuǎn)折詞“but”或“however”，前半段的敘述作為鋪墊，后半段引出作者要表述的觀點(diǎn)?！驹囶}解析】1.判斷題。本題可定位于第3段第3句：研究表明不幸福的遺傳稟性可能存在于某些家庭。再參考第4句：幸福似乎與遺傳無(wú)關(guān)。由此可以判斷[A]“不幸福與其是受環(huán)境影響，不如說(shuō)是遺傳的”正確。[B]“幸福與不幸?；闂l件”，與第1段最后1句相悖；[C]“不幸福受外部因素而不是內(nèi)部因素影響”，與A項(xiàng)相反，錯(cuò)誤；[D]“幸福是一種不可控的主觀感受”錯(cuò)誤，幸福是主觀感受（第4段第1句），但并非“uncontrollable”，它可以培養(yǎng)（第3段最后一句）。2.細(xì)節(jié)題。本題題干中的要點(diǎn)是“onecanachievehappinessby...”，在原文中有兩處對(duì)此進(jìn)行了回答，一是3段最后一句“獲得快樂(lè)的能力主要是自己培養(yǎng)的”，另一處是第5段最后一句“你可以通過(guò)自己的行為增加幸?！?。由此判斷C項(xiàng)正確。[A]“保持一般的幸福程度”、[B]“逃避生活中惱人的事情”、[D]“認(rèn)識(shí)到它與不幸福共存”均不正確。3.詞義題。該題可從兩方面著手，一是看前后句意，前一句“他們也開(kāi)始發(fā)現(xiàn)誰(shuí)幸福誰(shuí)不幸福及其原因”、后一句“研究尚未找到幸福生活的簡(jiǎn)單定律，但業(yè)已發(fā)現(xiàn)某些行為和態(tài)度似乎會(huì)使人們更接近最渴望的那種情感”；另一是注意下文使用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。D項(xiàng)“迄今為止”，符合語(yǔ)境需要，也正是原文“todate”的意義。［A］“結(jié)果”、［B］“此外”、［C］“目前”不對(duì)。4.態(tài)度題。題干的主要信息是作者對(duì)幸福和不幸福的看法。做題依據(jù)在第1段最后一句“他們是兩種不同的情感，互為共存，各自增減”，[B]“他們各自獨(dú)立又同時(shí)存在”正確。[A]“人們因?yàn)槌錾碡毢械讲恍腋！?，不符合原文；[C]“人們參加更多的活動(dòng)而感到幸福”曲解了人們后天如何獲得幸福；[D]“它們是人類(lèi)采取的行為和態(tài)度”，該項(xiàng)有一定的干擾性，文中第4段最后一句是說(shuō)“某些行為和態(tài)度似乎會(huì)使人們更接近最渴望的那種情感”，行為和態(tài)度本身并非幸福或不幸福。5.句義題。該句的理解需依托前半句“然而，這并不意味著有些人生來(lái)就憂傷”，“andthat?sthat”是對(duì)前文在語(yǔ)氣上的進(jìn)一步肯定，因此可理解為“就是這樣、就這么回事”，對(duì)應(yīng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有[A]“情況難以改變”最符合該意思。[B]“幸福難以獲得”、[C]“但他們對(duì)此考慮不多”、[D]“但他們對(duì)此沒(méi)有意識(shí)”?！驹~匯提示】①commonsense常識(shí)，（根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的）判斷力②viceversa反之亦然③backup支持；后退；（使）擁塞④predisposition傾向，稟性⑤heritage繼承物；遺產(chǎn)；傳統(tǒng)【難句分析】1)Therecognitionthatfeelingsofhappinessandunhappinesscanco-existmuchlikeloveandhateinacloserelationshipmayoffervaluablecluesonhowtoleadahappierlife.幸福和不幸福好比愛(ài)和恨一樣可以親密相處，這種認(rèn)識(shí)可能對(duì)如何過(guò)一種較幸福的生活提供有益的啟示。本句中“thatfeelingsof...inacloserelationship”是同位語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞“therecognition”；“offervaluableclueson”解釋為“對(duì)……提供有價(jià)值的線索”。2)Thatadviceisbackedupbyanextraordinaryseriesofstudieswhichindicatethatageneticpredispositionforunhappinessmayrunincertainfamilies.那種看法得到了大量系列研究的佐證，這些研究表明不幸福的遺傳稟性可能存在于某些家庭。本句“which...incertainfamilies”作定語(yǔ)從句，在定語(yǔ)從句中又有“that...incertainfamilies”賓語(yǔ)從句。3)Whenwearehappy,wearemoreresponsivetopeopleandkeepupconnectionsbetterthanwhenwearefeelingsad.我們?cè)谛腋r(shí)比在憂傷時(shí)對(duì)他人更敏感并保持更好的關(guān)系。本句是比較結(jié)構(gòu)句型，比較對(duì)象是兩個(gè)分別由“when”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Text2【文章大意與結(jié)構(gòu)】本文討論了酒后駕車(chē)問(wèn)題。第一段提到，酒后駕車(chē)的法律限制是測(cè)試時(shí)每100毫升血液中80毫克酒精，但是喝多少酒會(huì)達(dá)到這種限制因人而異。第二、三段進(jìn)一步闡述駕駛能力會(huì)受到酒精的影響。第四至七段作者引用事例進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明以上觀點(diǎn)，并指出，酒后駕車(chē)不但影響駕駛者本人，還會(huì)影響他人。本文句子結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，沒(méi)有超綱生詞?！驹囶}解析】6.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是“在法律限制內(nèi)駕駛員可以喝多少酒”，該話題在第1段提到，依據(jù)第3句，可以判斷答案為[D]“因人而異”。[A]“大約80毫克純酒精”，本選項(xiàng)具有干擾性，可以定位到第1段第1句，原文說(shuō)“每100毫升血液中80毫克酒精”，A項(xiàng)表述不對(duì)；[B]“大約三標(biāo)準(zhǔn)杯”，第1段最后一句提到，但說(shuō)的是“有些人”；[C]“與體重成正比”，可查讀第1段第3句，該句只是說(shuō)體重是考慮的一個(gè)因素。7.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干信息“你可能會(huì)被指控醉酒駕駛”是對(duì)第2段第2句中“youcouldstillbetakentocourt”的同義改寫(xiě)，做題依據(jù)應(yīng)該是該句的后半部分“ifapoliceofficerthinksyourdrivinghasbeenaffectedbyalcohol”（如果警官認(rèn)為酒精已對(duì)你的駕駛產(chǎn)生影響），由此判斷[C]“你被發(fā)現(xiàn)酒后不正常駕駛”正確。[A]“你喝酒后駕車(chē)”錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)椴⒎呛染凭婉{車(chē)不正常；[B]“你成為一個(gè)不可救藥的酒鬼”、[D]“你的酒精測(cè)試不過(guò)關(guān)”與原文不符。8.句義題。本題順著題干關(guān)鍵詞“professionaldrivers”，較容易在文章第4段定位答題點(diǎn)。正確理解了本句也就找到了本題的答案（本句譯文參見(jiàn)[難句分析]），[C]“盡管自信也不能通過(guò)測(cè)試”正確。[A]“比清醒者有更多的自信”、[B]“移除了考場(chǎng)的一組樁柱”、[D]“對(duì)潛在醉酒駕駛者起著警示作用”均不符合該句句義。9.細(xì)節(jié)題。本題問(wèn)“為什么酒精是交通事故的主要原因”。文中多處提到喝酒會(huì)影響“drivingability”，顯然本題應(yīng)該選[B]“飲酒影響人們的思想和感情”。[A]“超過(guò)30%的道路事故死傷者是酒后駕駛者”并不是題目所問(wèn)的原因；[C]“大約三分之一駕駛員酗酒”，不能得出該結(jié)論；[D]“道路事故受害者中常見(jiàn)年輕駕駛員”不能作為原因來(lái)解釋題干的前半部分。10.判斷題。題干的意思是：關(guān)于酒后駕車(chē)，作者告誡了什么。本題可定位于文章最后一段。該段大意：酒后駕車(chē)不單單影響你本人，如果發(fā)生事故還會(huì)影響其他許多人，尤其是你可能撞死或撞傷的那個(gè)人。根據(jù)一般語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，我們知道作者的強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn)在后半句。由此判斷[D]“使別人處于危險(xiǎn)之中”正確。[A]“可能受到警察的起訴”、[B]“使自己處于危險(xiǎn)中”、[C]“可能使另一名駕駛員受傷或喪命”均不符合最后一段的意思【詞匯提示】①breathtest呼氣測(cè)醉試驗(yàn)②concentration濃度；集中③notleast尤其，特別；部分地；相當(dāng)重要地【難句分析】1)Itvarieswitheachpersondependingonyourweight,yoursex,ifyou’vejusteatenandwhatsortofdrinksyou’vehad.這因人而異，取決于你的體重、性別、你是否剛吃過(guò)東西以及你喝了什么樣的酒。本句主句是“Itvarieswitheachperson”，“dependingon...you’vehad”為分詞詞組作狀語(yǔ)，在該詞組中，包含有四個(gè)并列的介詞賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句。2)Inatestwithprofessionaldrivers,themorealcoholicdrinkstheyhadhad,themorecertaintheywerethattheycoulddriveatestcoursethroughasetofmoveableposts...andthelessabletheyweretodoit!在一次對(duì)專(zhuān)職駕駛員的測(cè)試中，他們酒喝得越多，就越肯定自己能開(kāi)過(guò)一組移動(dòng)的樁柱，在測(cè)試課程中過(guò)關(guān)……但通過(guò)的可能性越小。本句雖長(zhǎng)，但結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜，把握住“themore...themore...andtheless...”句型，也就把握了整句的框架。3)Oneinthreeofthedriverskilledinroadaccidentshavelevelsofalcoholwhichareoverthelegallimit,androadaccidentsafterdrinkingarethebiggestcauseofdeathamongyoungmen.喪命于道路事故的駕駛員中，三分之一酒精含量超過(guò)法律限制，酒后道路事故是年輕人死亡的最大原因?！皁neinthree”解釋為“三分之一”；“killedinroadaccidents”為過(guò)去分詞詞組作“drivers”的后置定語(yǔ)；“overthelegallimit”意為“超過(guò)法律限制”。Text3【文章大意與結(jié)構(gòu)】本文介紹了三種基本的經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)，即市場(chǎng)體制、管理體制和傳統(tǒng)體制。作者在第二至四段分別簡(jiǎn)述了三種經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。在市場(chǎng)體制下單個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)單位可以在市場(chǎng)上相互間自由地發(fā)揮作用；管理體制則是由某一機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)所有交易實(shí)行管控；在傳統(tǒng)體制下，生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)模式由傳統(tǒng)控制。本文結(jié)構(gòu)比較清晰，第一段是概述，二至四段為分述，詞匯難易適中。【試題解析】11.主旨題。要求確定這篇文章的目的。本文第1段交代了全文的主旨，就是介紹三種基本的經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)：市場(chǎng)體制、管理體制和傳統(tǒng)體制。再參考第2、3、4各段的首句，可確定答案應(yīng)該是[C]“概述不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制”。[A]“解釋經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的本質(zhì)”、[B]“比較以貨易貨和貨幣交換市場(chǎng)”、[D]“主張某種經(jīng)濟(jì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)”均不能概括本文大意。12.詞匯題。對(duì)該類(lèi)題目必須結(jié)合語(yǔ)境加以判斷。該詞所在句子的大體意思：在以貨易貨的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制中，像汽車(chē)、鞋子、比薩這樣的貨物互相交換。結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)[A]“真正的”、[B]“具體的”、[C]“耐用的，耐久的”、[D]“實(shí)用的，實(shí)際的”，B項(xiàng)最符合邏輯。C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)不能同時(shí)與舉例中的三類(lèi)貨物搭配使用；A項(xiàng)在此也不妥。另外，從常見(jiàn)技巧判斷，詞匯題中最基本詞義一般不會(huì)是答案。13.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是“bartereconomy”，查讀原文后，可以定位于第2段第4句和第5句，原文中“maynotalwaysbeaneasytask（可能并不總是一件容易的事情）”，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中對(duì)應(yīng)[D]“（可能導(dǎo)致）交換麻煩”。[A]“不公平交易”、[B]“直接沖突”、[C]“逐漸通貨緊縮”，原文未提及。14.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是“administeredsystem”，在原文中較容易定位于第3段第1句，其主要部分是“administrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions（某一機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)所有交易的管控）”，這里的“某一機(jī)構(gòu)”，在本段第4句具體為“thegovernment”，由此判斷[D]“某些官方部門(mén)”正確。[A]“主要經(jīng)濟(jì)組織”、[B]“一般公共咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)”、[C]“大型商業(yè)公司”均不正確。15.判斷題。本題要求在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中排除一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤內(nèi)容。這類(lèi)題一般需反著做，即判斷哪三個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的，并找到依據(jù)。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“onesplaceinatraditionalsociety”對(duì)應(yīng)于最后一段第1句：“everypersonsplacewithintheeconomicsystem”，其后的“isfixedbyparentage(origin),religion,andcustom.”就是本題的定位點(diǎn)：“parentage（出身）”對(duì)應(yīng)[A]“家庭背景”、“religion”對(duì)應(yīng)[C]“religiousbeliefs（宗教信仰）”、“custom”對(duì)應(yīng)[D]“establishedexperience（習(xí)俗）”，只有[B]“年齡和教育”未提及，是答案。【詞匯提示】①barter以貨易貨②edicts法令；命令③allocate分配；分派④parentage出身；起源⑤caste社會(huì)階層；等級(jí)⑥stagnant停滯的；不流動(dòng)的【難句分析】1)Thisagencywillissueedicts(orders)orcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.對(duì)每一種商品和服務(wù)每個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)單位應(yīng)該生產(chǎn)多少、交換多少、消費(fèi)多少，這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)將頒布法令或命令。本句主要部分是“Thisagencywillissueedicts(orders)orcommands”，“asto”與后面的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句一起作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾“edicts(orders)orcommands”。2)Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.政府制訂的中央計(jì)劃標(biāo)明每種商品不同企業(yè)生產(chǎn)多少以及不同家庭分配多少用于消費(fèi)。“drawnupbythegovernment”是過(guò)去分詞詞組作定語(yǔ)，修飾“centralplan”；“producedby...”與“allocatedto...”一起作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾“theamountsofeachcommodity”。3)Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcaste(socialclass)mayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.屬于某一團(tuán)體或社會(huì)階層的人可能有義務(wù)關(guān)照他人、為他們提供食宿、照料他們的健康并給他們提供教育。本句雖然較長(zhǎng)，但結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜，“belongingtoacertaingrouporcaste(socialclass)”現(xiàn)在分詞詞組作后置定語(yǔ)修飾“people”；“have...,provide...,care...,provide...”為四個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)。Text4【文章大意與結(jié)構(gòu)】本文討論了一周中員工工作效率的問(wèn)題。文章第一段指出，調(diào)查表明，周二效率最高，其次是周一，從一周的中段開(kāi)始，效率顯著下降。作者在第二段分析了各工作日效率差異的原因。文章在第三段提出了解決這一問(wèn)題的措施。本文在內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)上，先提出問(wèn)題，然后分析原因，最后給出解決問(wèn)題的方法，層次清楚?！驹囶}解析】16.判斷題。要求判斷哪一天最有效率。本題可定位于第1段，該段第3句說(shuō)周二最有效率；第5句又說(shuō)其次是周一。題