考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thoughherparents____hermusicalability,JerriLou’spianoplayingisreallyterrible.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pourscornon

B.heappraiseupon

C.giveventto

D.castlightupon

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)pourscornon“嘲笑”；B選項(xiàng)heappraiseupon“大加稱贊”；C選項(xiàng)giveventto“發(fā)泄；吐露”；D選項(xiàng)castlightupon“使明白；闡明（某個(gè)問(wèn)題或情況）”。句意：雖然她的父母____她的音樂(lè)能力，JerriLous的鋼琴真的彈得不好。根據(jù)Though“雖然”推斷，前后兩個(gè)分句意義發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折，后一個(gè)分句是貶，那么前一個(gè)分句應(yīng)該是褒，B選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

2.單選題

TheGovernment'spolicieswillcomeunderclose（

）intheweeksbeforetheelection.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appreciation

B.scrutiny

C.specification

D.apprehension

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。appreciation“欣賞，感謝”；scrutiny“審查，細(xì)看”；specification“規(guī)格，說(shuō)明書(shū)”；apprehension“理解”。句意：選舉前的幾周，政府的政策將會(huì)接受詳細(xì)審查。由Government’spolicies及close“嚴(yán)密的”可知B項(xiàng)“審查”能與之搭配。答案B

3.單選題

Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects______inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore2000.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havebeenconducting

B.wasconducted

C.hadbeenconducted

D.beingconducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。本題主要考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Experiments“實(shí)驗(yàn)”只能被人做，所以只能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，再根據(jù)時(shí)間線“before2000”可知?jiǎng)幼魍瓿稍谶^(guò)去的過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句意：早在2000年之前，美國(guó)和歐洲就已經(jīng)開(kāi)展了運(yùn)動(dòng)物體攝影的實(shí)驗(yàn)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscase,becausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。testify“作證;證明”;charge“充電；控告”；accuse“控告;指控”；rectify“改正”。句意：我是唯一能在該案件中作證的人，因?yàn)槠渌C人都被神秘殺害了。由后半句內(nèi)容以及witnesses“證人”知A項(xiàng)“作證”正確。

5.單選題

Youhavetobecarefulwiththedisposalofthechemical.Toxicchemicalsmay（）thesoil,threateningtheenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.permeate

B.intrude

C.trespass

D.seep

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。permeate滲透，彌漫；intrude侵入，闖入；trespass非法侵入；seep（液體）滲透，滲漏。前一句提到要小心處理化學(xué)藥品，后一句說(shuō)明了原因，因?yàn)檫@些有毒化學(xué)品可能會(huì)滲透到土壤中…。有毒化學(xué)品有可能是液體也可能是固體，所以A項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：你必須小心處理這些化學(xué)藥品。有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能會(huì)滲透到土壤中，威脅環(huán)境。

6.單選題

Facebook’stopexecutiveareeligiblefortwice-a-yearbonusesofupto45percentoftheirbasesalaries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.optional

B.qualified

C.desirable

D.casual

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義與形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”；B選項(xiàng)qualified“合格的，有資格的”；C選項(xiàng)desirable“值得擁有的，可取的”；D選項(xiàng)casual“隨便的；臨時(shí)的”。句意：Facebook的高管有資格獲得一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金，最高可達(dá)基本工資的45%。根據(jù)句意可排除A、D兩項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)desirable與B選項(xiàng)qualified的區(qū)別在于：desirable通常修飾“值得的或可取的東西”，在這句話中則應(yīng)該是“一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金”，通常用于itisdesirablethat（XX是可取的。）或者itisdesirableforsbtodosth（做某事是值得的。），而劃線詞修飾的是“Facebook的高管”，兩者用法不搭，而qualified通常與介詞for連用，AbequalifiedforB（A具備完成/擁有B的資格或能力），該詞與原文areeligiblefor詞義、用法最相近。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

7.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“廢棄的，老式的”；B選項(xiàng)“侵略性的，好斗的”；C選項(xiàng)“和諧的，和睦的”；D選項(xiàng)“和藹可親的，親切的”，句意：國(guó)際體育應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造國(guó)家之間的友好關(guān)系，但在目前的奧林匹克組織中以某種方式鼓勵(lì)______愛(ài)國(guó)主義。由but可以得知和前文應(yīng)該是有轉(zhuǎn)折的，因此空格處想表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“鼓勵(lì)帶有挑釁性的愛(ài)國(guó)精神”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

ReformingtheSocialSecurityretirementprogramisanissueofenormouspracticalimportance.YetitremainsthemissingpieceinAmericanpolicyanalysis.AtatimewhentheCongressandtheAdministrationareconsideringwaystoreformwelfare,Medical,Medicaidandtheincometax,electedofficialsarestillunwillingtoconfronttheseriousproblemofourSocialSecuritysystem.Eventually,however,itsdeterioratingfinancialconditionwillforcemajorreforms.Whetherthosereformsaregoodorbad,whethertheydealwithbasiceconomicproblemsofthesystemormerelyprotectthesolvencyofexistinginstitutionalarrangementswilldependinpartonwhetherwe,aseconomists,providetheappropriateintellectualframeworkforanalyzingreformalternatives.

Majorpolicychangesthataffectthepublicatlargecanonlyhappeninourdemocracywhenthereiswidespreadpublicsupportforthenewdirectionpolicy.Inthefieldofeconomics,theviewsofmedia,ofotherprivate-sectoropinionleaders,andofpoliticiansandtheiradvisers,dependverymuchontheirperceptionofwhateconomistsbelievefeasibleandcorrect.Fundamentalpolicyreformsinacomplexarealikesocialsecurityalsorequirethedevelopmentoftechnicalexpertise,bothinandoutofgovernment,abouttheopinionsforchangeandtheirlikelyconsequences.Fortunately,anexpandinggroupofeconomistsisnowthinkingandwritingaboutsocialsecurityreform.Myremarkstodaygreatlybenefitfromwhattheyhavewrittenandfrommyconversationswithmanyofthem.

IbegantodomyresearchontheeffectsofSocialSecurityreformnearly25yearsago(Feldstein,1974,1975).AcentralconceptinmyanalysisofSocialSecurityhasbeenthenotionof“SocialSecuritywealth”,whichIdefinedasthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefitstowhichthecurrentadultpopulationwillbeentitledatageof65(orarealreadyentitledtoiftheyareolderthan65)minusthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxesthattheywillpaybeforereachingthatage.SocialSecuritywealthhasnowgrowntoabout$11trillionormorethan1.5timesGDP.Sincethisisequivalenttomorethan$50000foreveryadultinthecountry,thevalueofSocialSecuritywealthsubstantiallyexceedsallotherassetsforthevastmajorityofAmericanhouseholds.Intheaggregate,SocialSecuritywealthexceedsthree-fourthsofallprivatefinancialwealth,asconventionallymeasured.

SocialSecuritywealthisofcoursenotrealwealthbutonlyaclaimoncurrentandfuturetaxpayers.Insteadoflabelingthiskeymagnitude“SocialSecuritywealth”,Icouldhavecalleditthenation’s“SocialSecurityliability”.Likeordinarygovernmentdebt,SocialSecuritywealthhasthepowertocrowdoutprivatecapitalaccumulation;andSocialSecuritywealthwillcontinuetogrowaslongasourcurrentsystemremainsunchanged,displacinganeverlargerstockofcapital.

The$11trillionSocialSecurityliabilityisthreetimesaslargeastheofficialnationaldebt.AlthoughIcertainlywelcomethecurrentpoliticaleffortstoshrinkfuturebudgetdeficit,itisworthnotingthat,evenifthetraditionaldeficitiseliminatedintheyear2002,sothatthenationaldebtisthennolongerincreasing,thenationaldebtintheformoftheSocialSecurityliabilityislikelytoincreasethatyearbyabout$300billion.

Lookingfurtherintothefuture,theaggregateSocialSecurityliabilitywillgrowasthepopulationexpands,asitbecomesrelativelyolder,andasincomerises.Governmentactuariespredictthatunderexistinglawthetaxraterequiredtopayeachyear’sSocialSecuritybenefitwillriseoverthenext50yearsfromthepresentlevelofslightlylessthan12percenttomorethan18percent,andperhapstoasmuchas23percent.

1.Thedeterioratingfinancialconditionsreferredtowascausedby____.

2.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“alternatives”refersto____.

3.Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.

4.ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.

5.Ratherthanwealth,thismagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

B.thereformofwelfareapprovedbythegovernment

C.government’sheavydebtsbecauseofinappropriateinvestment

D.majorpolicychangesinthepast

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.courses

B.thoughts

C.occasions

D.people

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.identifytheauthor

B.representnewinformation

C.arequestionsofpersonalstyle

D.refertoadifferentsource

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65

B.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65

C.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeago

D.wastodifferentiateprivatefinancialwealth

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ithasgrownto$11trillion

B.itexceedsallotherassets

C.itisadebttobepaid

D.itgrowsrapidlythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapital

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thedeteriorationfinancialconditionreferredtowascausedby____.文中提到的財(cái)務(wù)狀況惡化是由____造成的。

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogramA.社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃的糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)方法

B.thereformofwelfareintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramB.社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃中的福利改革

C.government’sheavydebtsbecauseofinappropriateinvestmentC.政府投資不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致的沉重債務(wù)

D.majorpolicychangesinthepastD.過(guò)去發(fā)生的重大政策變化

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞deteriorationfinancialcondition定位到原文第一段第四句，該句提到“其日益惡化的財(cái)政狀況（itsdeterioratingfinancialcondition）最終（Eventually）將迫使其進(jìn)行重大改革（majorreforms）?！庇纱丝芍笪慕榻B的應(yīng)該是財(cái)政狀況惡化的結(jié)果——改革，因此，導(dǎo)致財(cái)政狀況惡化的原因應(yīng)該去前文中找。前一句提到“當(dāng)國(guó)會(huì)和政府正在考慮如何改革社會(huì)福利、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助和所得稅時(shí)，官員們?nèi)匀徊辉敢饷鎸?duì)我們社會(huì)保障體系的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題?！庇纱丝芍?，在討論制定社會(huì)保障計(jì)劃時(shí)，政府官員們的方法不當(dāng)，不愿意處理社會(huì)保障體系中的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題，由此最終導(dǎo)致需要進(jìn)行改革。A選項(xiàng)“制定社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃的糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)方法”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃中的福利改革”，根據(jù)【解題思路】可知，“改革”是“財(cái)政狀況惡化”的結(jié)果，而本題詢問(wèn)的是“財(cái)政狀況惡化”的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于因果倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“政府投資不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致的沉重債務(wù)”，“政府債務(wù)”是原文第四到六段的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)原文可知，與本題無(wú)關(guān)，該選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

D選項(xiàng)“過(guò)去發(fā)生的重大政策變化”，“重大政策變化”可定位到原文第二段第一句，該句提到“只有當(dāng)新的政策方向得到公眾的廣泛支持時(shí)，才能發(fā)生影響廣大公眾的重大政策變化”，與本題無(wú)關(guān)，該選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“alternatives”refersto____.第一段的最后一句中劃線詞“alternatives”指的是____。

A.coursesA.課程；路線

B.thoughtsB.想法；看法

C.occasionsC.重大場(chǎng)合

D.peopleD.人民

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測(cè)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thefirstparagraph和thelastsentence定位到原文第一段最后一句，該句提到“這些改革是好是壞，是解決體系的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，還是僅僅保護(hù)現(xiàn)有制度安排的償付能力，將部分取決于我們，作為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，是否提供適當(dāng)?shù)闹R(shí)框架來(lái)分析____。”原詞alternatives的本義為“可供替代的選擇”，在這里應(yīng)該指的是一些供選擇的改革方案（reformalternatives）。C選項(xiàng)occasions可以指重大的社會(huì)事件或場(chǎng)合，reformoccasions指的是“改革”這件事，與原文的語(yǔ)義最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)courses“課程；路線”、B選項(xiàng)thoughts“想法；看法”、D選項(xiàng)people“人民”完全不符合原文語(yǔ)義，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.在第三段中，括號(hào)里的名字和日期____。

A.identitytheauthorA.標(biāo)明作者的身份

B.representvitalnewinformationB.代表重要的新信息

C.areaquestionofpersonalstyleC.是個(gè)人風(fēng)格的問(wèn)題

D.refertoadifferentsourceD.指另一個(gè)來(lái)源

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Inparagraphthree定位到原文第3段。本段第一句提到“近25年前，我開(kāi)始研究社會(huì)保障改革的影響（費(fèi)爾德斯坦，1974，1975）。”在論文中，通常會(huì)使用括號(hào)中標(biāo)明作者和日期的格式，來(lái)提示這是該作者該時(shí)間的研究。原文中括號(hào)里的名字和日期是為了表明關(guān)于社會(huì)保障改革的影響的研究是費(fèi)爾德斯坦在1974到1975年的著作。A選項(xiàng)“標(biāo)明作者的身份”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“代表重要的新信息”，表述錯(cuò)誤，原文中作者已經(jīng)點(diǎn)明這是他自己25年前的研究，所以不屬于新信息，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“是個(gè)人風(fēng)格的問(wèn)題”，表述錯(cuò)誤，這種做法是慣例，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“指另一個(gè)來(lái)源”，表述錯(cuò)誤，括號(hào)里的名字和日期是為了補(bǔ)充該來(lái)源的信息，而不是指另一個(gè)來(lái)源，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.社會(huì)保障財(cái)富的定義____。

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65A.適用于65歲之前可支付的福利

B.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65B.包括65歲以前支付的精算現(xiàn)值

C.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeagoC.是25年前形成的

D.wastodifferentiateprivatefinancialwealthD.是為了區(qū)分私人金融財(cái)富

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞definitionofSocialSecuritywealth定位到原文第三段。本段第一句提到“差不多25年前（nearly25yearsago），我開(kāi)始研究社會(huì)保障改革的影響。”該段第二句提到“在我對(duì)社會(huì)保障的分析中（inmyanalysisofSocialSecurity），一個(gè)中心概念是‘社會(huì)保障財(cái)富’，我把它定義為（whichIdefinedas）社會(huì)保障福利的精算現(xiàn)值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefits）（現(xiàn)在的成年人在65歲時(shí)將有權(quán)享受或65歲以上的老年人已經(jīng)享受了）減去（minus）他們?cè)谶_(dá)到那個(gè)年齡之前支付的社會(huì)保障稅的精算現(xiàn)值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxes）?！庇纱丝芍P(guān)于“社會(huì)保障財(cái)富”的概念是作者在他25年前的一份研究中定義的。C選項(xiàng)“是25年前形成的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“適用于65歲之前可支付的福利”，由【解題思路】可知，根據(jù)定義，65歲之前交稅，65歲及65歲以上才可能有資格享受福利，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“包括65歲以前支付的精算現(xiàn)值”，由【解題思路】可知，“社會(huì)保障財(cái)富”的定義為“65歲及65歲以后享受到的福利的精算現(xiàn)值減去這些人65歲以前交的稅的精算現(xiàn)值”，它是一個(gè)差額，而不是單獨(dú)的某一個(gè)精算現(xiàn)值，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“是為了區(qū)分私人金融財(cái)富”，原文只提到了作者關(guān)于社會(huì)保障財(cái)富這個(gè)概念的定義，并沒(méi)有提及他提出這個(gè)定義的目的，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Ratherthanwealth,thismagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.這個(gè)的量度可能被理解為負(fù)債而不是財(cái)富，因?yàn)開(kāi)___。

A.ithasgrownto$11trillionA.它已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)到11萬(wàn)億美元了

B.itexceedsallotherassetsB.它超過(guò)了所有其他資產(chǎn)

C.itisadebttobepaidC.這是一筆需要償還的債

D.itgrowsrapidlythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapitalD.它通過(guò)私人資本的積累而迅速增長(zhǎng)

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題詢問(wèn)的是為什么把它稱之為“負(fù)債”而不是“財(cái)富”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞wealth、magnitude和liability定位到原文第四段第二句，該句提到“我本可以稱其為國(guó)家的‘社會(huì)保障負(fù)債’，而不是將其稱為‘社會(huì)保障財(cái)富’?！倍髡哒f(shuō)這句話的背景是，前一句提到“社會(huì)保障財(cái)富當(dāng)然不是真正的財(cái)富（notrealwealth），而只是（butonly）對(duì)當(dāng)前和未來(lái)納稅人的一種要求（aclaim）。”由此可知，之所以把它稱之為“負(fù)債”是因?yàn)樗枰{稅人交稅，對(duì)于納稅人來(lái)說(shuō)相當(dāng)于一筆要償還的債務(wù)，C選項(xiàng)“這是一筆需要償還的債”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)到11萬(wàn)億美元了”，表述正確，但與本題無(wú)關(guān)，該選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

B選項(xiàng)“它超過(guò)了所有其他資產(chǎn)”，可定位到原文第三段最后一句，該句提到“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，按照常規(guī)衡量，社會(huì)保障財(cái)富超過(guò)所有私人金融財(cái)富的四分之三（exceedsthree-fourthsofallprivatefinancialwealth）?！庇纱丝芍鼪](méi)有超過(guò)了所有其他資產(chǎn)，并且這也不是本題詢問(wèn)的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾、出處錯(cuò)位；

D選項(xiàng)“它通過(guò)私人資本的積累而迅速增長(zhǎng)”，表述錯(cuò)誤，原文第四段最后一句提到“社會(huì)保障財(cái)富有能力將私人資本積累擠出?！庇纱丝芍?，原文并沒(méi)有說(shuō)社會(huì)保障財(cái)富是通過(guò)私人資本積累而增長(zhǎng)的，并且這也不是本題詢問(wèn)的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文、出處錯(cuò)位。

9.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（

）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)modify“修改，更改”；B選項(xiàng)duplicate“模仿，復(fù)制”；C選項(xiàng)accelerate“加速，增速”；D選項(xiàng)stimulate“刺激”。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)aviolentact（暴力行為）可知B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：最近，有報(bào)道稱，一些兒童模仿了以前在電視上看到的暴力行為。

10.單選題

Atsometimeinyourlife,youmayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon'tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudeonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexample,wereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatisatopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It'snottaboototalkaboutfat;it'stabootobefat.The"in"lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimagesaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respectInanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis"in",fatis"out".

It'snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebeenobsessedwithstayingslimand"inshape".Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmericans'fascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonalhealth.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelifestyleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modernmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sboodlescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.

1.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois（

）.

2.Basedontheideasinthepassagewecanconclude"beingfat"inAmericansociety

（

）.

3.Thetopicoffatismanyothertaboosubjects

（

）.

4.Whatdoes"thinis'in',andfatis'out"mean?

5.Apartfromthisnewunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenhealthandexercise:themainreasonthepassagegivesforwhysomanyAmericansareexercisingregularlyis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible

B.acrimecommittedonimpulse

C.behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyes

D.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredasataboobymostpeople

C.haslongbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thesameas

B.differentfrom

C.morepopularthan

D.lessoftentalkedabout

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thinis"inside",andfatis"outside".

B.Thinis"diligent",andfatis"lazy".

C.Thinis"youthful",andfatis"spiritless".

D.Thinis"fashionable",andfatis"unfashionable".

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theirchangedlifestyle

B.theireagernesstostaythinandyouthful

C.theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexercise

D.theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞taboo定位至第二段:Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudeonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime(或許，關(guān)于禁忌行為現(xiàn)象最有趣的一個(gè)事情是，它多年來(lái)如何能在同樣的社會(huì)里發(fā)生變化和曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是禁忌的某些行為或觀點(diǎn)如何能在另外—個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)變得完全被接受和正常)。由此可知C項(xiàng)“不被公眾接受的行為”正確。

2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudeonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime(或許，關(guān)于禁忌行為現(xiàn)象最有趣的一個(gè)事情是，它多年來(lái)如何能在同樣的社會(huì)里發(fā)生變化和曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是禁忌的某些行為或觀點(diǎn)如何能在另外一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)變得完全被接受和正常)。由此推測(cè)D項(xiàng)“總有一天不再是禁忌”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Thetopicoffat定位至第三段:Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatisatopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly(不同于其他禁忌，人們經(jīng)常會(huì)談到與肥胖有關(guān)的事情)。因此B項(xiàng)“不同于”正確。

4.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thinis“in”,andfatis“out”定位至第三段:Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respectInanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”，fatis“out”(苗條的身材讓人聯(lián)想到年輕，活力和成功。另一方面，肥胖的人被認(rèn)為是懶惰或缺乏活力、自我約束和自尊。在一個(gè)注重外表的國(guó)家，比如美國(guó)，苗條意味著…，而肥胖意味著…)。根據(jù)句意推測(cè),“in”和“out”分別表示“年輕，活力和成功”和“懶惰或缺乏活力、自我約束和自尊”,故C項(xiàng)“瘦就是青春，胖就是缺乏活力”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞healthandexercise和themainreason定位至最后一段:Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmericans'fascinationwithdietandexercise(然而，對(duì)年輕外表的追求，不僅僅是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人對(duì)節(jié)食和身體鍛煉的熱衷),由此可知B項(xiàng)“對(duì)保持苗條和青春的追求”正確。

11.單選題

Iftheworldistoremainpeacefultheutmosteffortmustbemadebynationstolimitlocal（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.collisions

B.combats

C.contradictions

D.conflicts

【答案】D

【解析】collision碰撞,抵觸,沖突;combat格斗,戰(zhàn)斗;contradiction矛盾,否認(rèn);conflict沖突(指處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)或激烈的爭(zhēng)吵)。句意：如果想要維持世界和平,各國(guó)需要盡最大努力來(lái)限制地區(qū)沖突。

12.單選題

Withtherapidglobalizationofscienceitself(morethan40percentofscientificPh.D.studentstrainedintheUnitedStatesarenowforeignnationals,roughlyhalfofwhomreturntotheircountriesoforigin),theonceundisputedU.S.scientificlead,whetherrelevanttoproductleadornot,isdiminishing.

ThecompetitionofforeignstudentsforpositionsinU.S.graduateschoolshasalsocontributedtomakingscientifictrainingrelativelyunattractivetoU.S.students,becausetherapidlyincreasingsupplyofstudentshasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofthiscareerpath.Forthebestandbrightestfromlow-incomecountries,apositionasaresearchassistantintheUnitedStatesisattractive,whereasthebestandbrightestU.S.studentsmightnowseebetteroptionsinotherfields.Scienceandengineeringcareers,totheextentthattheyareopeninguptoforeigncompetition(whetherimportedoravailablethroughbettercommunication),alsoseemtobebecomingrelativelylessattractivetoU.S.students.

Withrespecttotheroleofuniversitiesintheinnovationprocess,the”speculativeboomofthe1990s(which,amongotherthings,madeitpossibletoconvertscientificfindingsintocashratherquickly)waslargelyunexpected.Theboombroughtuniversitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwithprivatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomicdividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible.Forawhile,thepathbetweendiscoveriesinbasicscienceandnewflowsofhardcashwasconsiderablyshortened.Butduringthenextfewdecades,thispathlikelywillreverttowarditsmoretraditionallengthandreestablish,inahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmoreindependent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneatuniversitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasintoproductsandservices.

Intheinterveningyears,anothernewforcealsogreatlyfacilitatedglobalization:therapidgrowthoftheInternetandcheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication.Today,complexdesignactivitiescantakeplaceinlocationsquiteremovedfrommanufacturing,otherbusinessfunctions,andtheconsumer.Indeed,thereisnowampleopportunityforreal-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequiteindependentoftheirspecificlocations.Forexample,softwaredevelopment,withallitschangesandcomplications,cantoaconsiderableextentbedoneoverseasforaU.S.customer.Foreigncallcenterscanrespondinstantlytoquestionsfromthousandsofmilesaway.Theresultisthatlow-wageworkersintheFarEastandinsomeothercountriesarecomingintoevermoredirectcompetitionwithamuchwiderspectrumofU.S.labor:unskilledinthecaseofcallcenters;morehighlyskilledinthecaseofprogrammers.

1.Therapidglobalizationofscience

（

）.

2.Accordingtothistext（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

（

）.

4.Allofthefollowingmighthavecontributedtoglobalizationexcept

（

）.

5.Thistextismainlyabout（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasledtotherapidgrowthoftheInternet

B.hasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofscienceandengineeringcareers

C.hasresultedinthefiercecompetitionofscientifictrainingintheUS

D.hascontributedtothediminishofU.S.scientificleadership

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecareersunattractivetoU.S.studentsmaynotbesotoforeignstudents

B.scienceandengineeringcareersareunattractiveexclusivelytoU.S.students

C.U.S.studentsarenotcourageousenoughtofaceforeigncompetition

D.U.S.studentsarenotwellpreparedtocompetewithforeignstudents

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.scientistsrarelyexpecttomakemoneyfromtheirdiscoveriesinbasicscience

B.itwillbemucheasiertoconvertscientificfindingsintocashinthenearfuture

C.theboomofthe1990scouldbeconsideredsomewhatunhealthy

D.theboomofthe1990swilllastatleastforseveraldecades

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theunprecedenteddevelopmentofInternet

B.theclosercontactofuniversitieswithprivatemarkets

C.real-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctions

D.theprevalenceofwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thescientificleadershipoftheU.S

B.theshortageofscientistsintheU.S

C.Therapidglobalizationofscience

D.Bettercommunicationandglobalization

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到美國(guó)40%的博士生都是來(lái)自其他國(guó)家，而這些學(xué)生在美國(guó)接受完教育后選擇回到自己的祖國(guó)，因此，隨著科學(xué)本身的國(guó)際化，美國(guó)在科學(xué)界領(lǐng)域的地位正在下降（isdiminishing）。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第二段提到了美國(guó)本國(guó)的學(xué)生與國(guó)外留學(xué)生對(duì)工作選擇的期望不同：那些來(lái)自于低收入國(guó)家的學(xué)生會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)研究助理的職位趨之若鶩，而本國(guó)的學(xué)生卻對(duì)此不感興趣，他們有更好的選擇(seebetteroptionsinotherfields)。選項(xiàng)A“對(duì)于美國(guó)本國(guó)學(xué)生沒(méi)有吸引力的工作，對(duì)外國(guó)學(xué)生卻有著吸引力”符合題意。

3.文章第三段前半部分提到90年代的投機(jī)性高漲（speculativeboom），這種高漲導(dǎo)致學(xué)校里的老師只想盡可能多的去獲得更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益(theboombroughtuniversitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwithprivatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomicdividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible)，后半部分Butduringthenextfewdecades,thispathlikelywillreverttowarditsmoretraditionallengthandreestablish,inahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmoreindependent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneatuniversitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasintoproductsandservices提到接下來(lái)的幾十年，一種健康的方式在逆轉(zhuǎn)之前的道路，由此可推斷90年代的繁榮被認(rèn)為是不健康的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章最后一段前半部分提到互網(wǎng)的誕生、廉價(jià)的款待網(wǎng)絡(luò)溝通方式（therapidgrowthoftheInternetandcheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication）、不同地方的商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的實(shí)時(shí)溝通都推動(dòng)了全球化進(jìn)程（real-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequiteindependentoftheirspecificlocations），所以只有選項(xiàng)B沒(méi)有推動(dòng)全球化，符合題意。

5.文章第一二段主要講述了由于留學(xué)生的增多，并且這些學(xué)生大都會(huì)選擇回自己的國(guó)家，從而導(dǎo)致美國(guó)在科學(xué)界的領(lǐng)先地位開(kāi)始動(dòng)搖，第三段講述了90年代那種不健康的高漲：很多學(xué)校的教師將科學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)利益掛鉤，最后一段提到的全球化的原因跟導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。所以文章主要在論述美國(guó)在科學(xué)界的領(lǐng)先地位與科學(xué)全球化的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th_______thebirthofJesusChrist.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inaccordancewith

B.intermsof

C.infavorof

D.inhonorof

【答案】D

【解析】inaccordancewith根據(jù);intermsof就...而言,關(guān)于;infavorof支持,贊同;inhonorof為慶祝,向...致敬。句意：圣誕節(jié)是基督教的一個(gè)神圣的日子,通常在12月25日慶祝耶穌基督的誕生。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

14.單選題

Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.admitted

B.acknowledged

C.absorbed

D.considered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:admitted“承認(rèn)”；B:acknowledged“鳴謝；承認(rèn)”；C:absorbed“吸收”；D:considered“考慮”。句意：在這家工廠里，建議往往要等上幾個(gè)月才能完全被采納。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知D為正確答案。

15.單選題

Improvementsinqualitycontroltechniqueshaveresultedinmorehigh-qualityproductswithveryfew______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.failures

B.defects

C.routes

D.spots

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。failures“失敗”；defects“缺點(diǎn)”；routes“路線”；spots“斑點(diǎn)”。句意：質(zhì)量控制技術(shù)的改進(jìn)使產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量更高，缺陷更少。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.翻譯題

學(xué)問(wèn)是自己的事，不能依靠別人。環(huán)境好，圖書(shū)設(shè)備充足，有良師益友指導(dǎo)啟發(fā)，當(dāng)然有很大的幫助，但是這些條件具備，也不一定能保證一個(gè)人在學(xué)問(wèn)上就有成就。世間也有不少在學(xué)問(wèn)上有成就的人，并不具備這些條件。最重要的因素，還是個(gè)人自己的努力。求學(xué)是一件艱苦的事，許多人不能忍受那必經(jīng)的艱苦，所以不能得到成功。

【答案】Learningisone'sownbusiness,andonecannotrelyonothers.Obviouslyitwillbeveryhelpfultolearnknowledgeifonehasgoodconditions,suchasgoodenvironment,enoughbooksandequipmentandguidanceandenlightenmentsfromscholarlymentorsandbeneficialfriends.However,eveniftheseconditionsareprovided,itisnotsurethatonewillhavesuccessinlearning.Therearemanypeoplemakingachievementinlearningwithnothoseconditions.Themostimportantfactorinlearningliesintheindividual'sownendeavor.Learningistough,andmanypeoplecannotbearthehardshiptheymustexperience,sothattheycannotachievesuccess.

17.單選題

Tobe（

）withyou,Ithinkyou’remakingadreadfulmistakebyrefusingtocooperate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.frank

B.pertinent

C.mild

D.vivid

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。tobefrank為固定搭配，意為“老實(shí)說(shuō)，坦率地說(shuō)”。

句意：坦率地跟你說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為你拒絕合作是犯了一個(gè)可怕的錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)A正確。

18.翻譯題

中國(guó)發(fā)展離不開(kāi)世界，世界的發(fā)展需要中國(guó)。這里我重申，中國(guó)的對(duì)外開(kāi)放是長(zhǎng)期的、全面的、互利的，中國(guó)堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開(kāi)放的基本國(guó)策決不會(huì)改變。我們將繼續(xù)積極參與經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的進(jìn)程，推動(dòng)建設(shè)公正合理的國(guó)際貿(mào)易體系和金融體制。我們將繼續(xù)完善涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)法律法規(guī)和政策，使中國(guó)的投資環(huán)境變得更加規(guī)范、更加透明、更加有利于各類企業(yè)投資興業(yè)。

【答案】答：

ChinacannotdevelopitselfinisolationfromtheworldandtheworldalsoneedsChinaforitsdevelopment.Here,IwishtoreiteratethatChina’sopening-uptotheoutsideworldisalong-termcommitmentwhichcoversallfieldsandismutuallybeneficial.China’sbasicstatepolicyofopening-upwillneverchange.Wewillcontinuetogetactivelyinvolvedineconomicglobalizationandworktobuildafairandequitableinternationaltradingregimeandfinancialsystem.Wewillcontinuetoimproveforeign-relatedeconomiclaws,regulationsandpoliciessoastomakeChina’sinvestmentenvironmentinkeepingwithinternationalstandard,transparentandmorebusinessfriendly.

19.單選題

Heisverytired.Heneeds（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agoodnightrest

B.goodrestofanight

C.agoodrestnight

D.agoodnight’srest

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞所有格。表示有生命的東西的名詞及某些表示時(shí)間、距離、星球、世界、國(guó)家等無(wú)生命的東西的名詞后加“’s”來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系，此處表示他需要一個(gè)晚上的休息，night