考研考博-英語-中原工學院信息商務學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中原工學院信息商務學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegreetowhichtheycanbe______controlledandmodified.

問題1選項

A.deliberately

B.noticeably

C.delicately

D.instinctively

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.deliberately故意地，有意地B.noticeably顯著地，明顯地

C.delicately微妙地，精致地D.instinctively本能地

【考查點】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】主句意思是“人類的面部表情與動物不同”，結(jié)合定語從句的意思“它們可以被控制和修改”，其中they指的是人類的面部表情，綜合理解可推測，空格處填入“有意地”符合句子意思。因此，該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合句意。

【句意】人類的面部表情與動物的不同之處在于，它們可以被有意地控制和修改。

2.單選題

TheObamaadministration______thehealthcarereforminMarch,2010.

問題1選項

A.initiated

B.anticipated

C.expected

D.predicated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項initiate“開始，創(chuàng)始”，B項anticipate“預料，預期”，C項expect“期望，指望”，D項predicate“斷言，暗示”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thehealthcarereform“醫(yī)療改革”可知，空格處填A項符合句意。句意：奧巴馬政府于2010年3月啟動了醫(yī)療改革。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.單選題

Takentogether,theselawssoughttoreapthemedicalbenefitsoforgantransplantationandtoencourageindividualstobecomeorgandonors,while（

）certainethicallimitsagainsttreatingthebodyaspropertyandthenewlydeadassimplynaturalresources.

問題1選項

A.cuttingout

B.offsetting

C.reserving

D.goingover

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項cutout“切斷；刪去；停止”；B選項offset“抵消；彌補”；C選項reserve“預訂；儲備；保留”；D選項goover“復習，重溫；轉(zhuǎn)變”。句意：綜上所述，這些法律尋求獲得器官移植的醫(yī)療利益，鼓勵個人成為器官捐贈者，同時……一定的倫理限制，以免將人體視為財產(chǎn)，將死者僅僅視為自然資源。由后半句句意判斷可知此處應選擇C選項“保留”。

4.單選題

Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto（）thecolorofhisskin.

問題1選項

A.withtheexceptionof

B.inthelightof

C.byvirtueof

D.regardlessof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。withtheexceptionof“除了…情況”；inthelightof“根據(jù)，按照，當作”；byvirtueof“由于，憑借”；regardlessof“不管，不顧”。句意：這個國家的每個人，不論膚色，都有權(quán)利住在他想住的地方。D項符合題意。

5.單選題

Tomwasaccusedof__________againstblackpersons,thatistosay,helooksdownuponthem.

問題1選項

A.discriminating

B.distinguishing

C.distressing

D.disguising

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。discriminating“歧視”；distinguishing“辨別，區(qū)分”;distressing“使痛苦，迫使”；disguising“掩飾，偽裝”。句意：湯姆被指控歧視黑人，也就是說，他瞧不起他們。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Feelingmoreandmore______,Nikiembracedthevibrantandstrong-wingedbutterflyashersymbolofnew-foundindependence.

問題1選項

A.cynical

B.abridged

C.accessible

D.autonomous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項cynical“憤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的”，B項abridged“刪節(jié)的，削減的”，C項accessible“易接近的，可進入的”，D項autonomous“自治的，自主的”。由independence（獨立）可知，對應D項符合。句意：感覺越來越自主，尼基接受了充滿活力和有強壯翅膀的蝴蝶作為她新獲得的獨立的象征。因此，該題選擇D項。

7.單選題

Altruism,otherwiseknownashelpingbehavior,canbedefinedasbehaviorthatpromotesthewellbeingofotherswithoutconsciouslytakingaccountofself-interest.Batsonetal.statethat“egoisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stategoalofincreasingthe（

）ownwelfare”,while“altruisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stateofincreasingthe（

）welfare”.

問題1選項

A.helper’s...other’s

B.other’s...helper’s

C.helper’s...another’s

D.another’s...other’s

【答案】A

【解析】考查代詞用法。表語空格處句意：利己主義者關(guān)心的是施助者的利益，利他主義者則關(guān)注他人的利益。先排除B和D選項。another“另一個”，不與定冠詞the連用，因此A選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.

DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce—proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:accountability.

Accountabilityisn’thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.

Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether—honesty,kindness,andsoonaccountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw—and,ultimately,nosociety.

Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityofpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople’sbehaviorarefarlesseffective,thatinternalrestrainssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.

Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities—smallertowns,usually—whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaims:“Inthisfamilycertainthingsarenottolerated—theysimplyarenotdone.

Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.

Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it'sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn'tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn'tprovideastablehome.

Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.

WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.

1.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrim（）.

3.Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave（）.

4.Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat（）.

5.Thekeypointofthepassageisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.it'sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevil

B.it'scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutit

C.it’sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevil

D.it'sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil

問題2選項

A.societyistobeheldresponsible

B.moderncivilizationisresponsibleforit

C.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame

D.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved

問題3選項

A.lessself-discipline

B.bettersenseofdiscipline

C.moremutualrespect

D.lesseffectivegovernment

問題4選項

A.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals

B.peopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandards

C.today'ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty

D.peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivities

問題5選項

A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamilies

B.moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow

C.morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople'sbehavior

D.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一句話awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing提到曾經(jīng)以為智者說過壞人勝利的唯一條件是好人什么都不做。選項B符合題意。

2.文章最后一段提到在美國急需更多的人知道犯罪的人應該自己承擔責任。選項C符合題意。

3.文章第七段yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening提到城市和城鎮(zhèn)中，人們越來越缺乏自律。選項A符合題意。

4.文章倒數(shù)第三段提到幾十年前，當罪犯犯罪之后，社會被認為是受害者，而現(xiàn)在，罪犯反而被認為是受害者，罪犯得到開脫，作者認為這是令人震驚的。由此可見，作者對這種情況是非常不滿的。所以選項A符合題意。

5.文章主要的目的是提醒人們應該承擔責任，并且對于為罪犯開脫這種做法很不滿，認為犯罪的人應該承擔相應的責任。不然長此以往，犯罪會增多，社會也會面臨瓦解。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Therepublicationofthepoet'smostrecentworkswillcertainly（）hisnationalreputation.

問題1選項

A.enhance

B.strengthen

C.enlarge

D.magnify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。enhance增加，加強，提高；strengthen加強，鞏固；enlarge擴大，使增大；magnify放大，贊美。句意：這位詩人最新作品的再版必將提高他在全國的聲譽。enhancereputation提高聲譽；A項符合題意。

10.單選題

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or-independentlyofanycourse-simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofIhevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn'ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

1.Accordingtothepassage,‘scientificsubculture’means（）.

2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause（）.

3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho（）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

5.Thispassagemostprobablyis（）.

問題1選項

A.culturalgroupsthatarcformedbyscientists.

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited.

C.thescientificcommunity.

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience.

問題2選項

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists.

B.Scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.

C.Scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture.

D.Itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience.

問題3選項

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience.

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets.

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts.

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience.

問題4選項

A.Englishisasexistlanguage.

B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly.

C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.

D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.

問題5選項

A.abookreview,

B.theprefaceofabook.

C.thepostscriptofabook.

D.theconcludingpartofabook.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“scientificsubculture”可定位到第三段的內(nèi)容“我們試圖在這本書中呈現(xiàn)一個準確和最新的有關(guān)科學社區(qū)和居住在其中的人們的圖片。近年來，這一群體中的女性越來越多。女性在科學亞文化中的這種日益增加的作用不是一個獨特的事件……”由此可以看出，科學亞文化就是科學社區(qū)，所以選項C正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.由于它幾乎涉及我們生活的方方面面，受過教育的人至少需要對它的結(jié)構(gòu)和運作有所了解?！庇纱丝芍?，選項B符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;……這本書是為那些對科學了解不多的聰明學生或非專業(yè)人士而寫的?！边x項A是對原文的同義表達，所以正確。

4.判斷推理題。選項A“英語是一門具有性別歧視的語言”不正確，性別歧視的語言指的是用男性名詞或代詞來指代未指明的個體，并不是英語這一門語言；選項B“只有在科學界，女性的作用在迅速增加”表達過于絕對；選項C“女性為消除我們語言的不足做出了重大貢獻”不正確，原文說的是越來越多的女性進入了傳統(tǒng)上由男子主導的領(lǐng)域并作出了重大貢獻，并不是消除語言的不足；選項D“男性名詞或代詞不能用來指科學家”符合原文，應該盡可能使用復數(shù)名詞和代詞，必要時，他和她交替使用。所以本題選D。

5.判斷推理題。A選項abookreview“書評”；B選項theprefaceofabook“前言，序言”；C選項thepostscriptofabook“附錄，后記”；D選項theconcludingpartofabook“結(jié)尾語”。原文提及這本書是為那些對科學了解不多的聰明學生或非專業(yè)人士而寫，試圖呈現(xiàn)的是一個準確和最新的有關(guān)科學社區(qū)以及居住在其中的人們的圖片，并且努力使這本書既具有知識性又具有娛樂性，這些都是在對這本書的性質(zhì)和內(nèi)容進行大致的講解，一般放在書的前言部分，所以選項B正確。

11.單選題

TounderstandtheancientMayanpeoplewholivedintheareathatistodaysouthernMexicoandCentralAmericaandtheecologicaldifficultiestheyfaced,onemustfirstconsidertheirenvironment,whichwethinkofas“jungle”or“tropicalrainforest.”Thisviewisinaccurate,andthereasonprovestobeimportant.Properlyspeaking,tropicalrainforestsgrowinhigh-rainfallequatorialareasthatremainwetorhumidallyearround.ButtheMayahomelandliesmorethansixteenhundredkilometersfromtheequator,atlatitudes17to22degreesnorth,inahabitattermeda“seasonaltropicalforest.”Thatis,whiletheredoestendtobearainyseasonfromMaytoOctober,thereisalsoadryseasonfromJanuarythroughApril.Ifonefocusesonthewetmonths,onecallstheMayahomelanda“seasonaltropicalforest”;ifonefocusesonthedrymonths,onecouldinsteaddescribeitasa“seasonaldesert.”

FromnorthtosouthintheYucatanPeninsula,wheretheMayalived,rainfallrangesfrom18to100inches(457to2,540millimeters)peryear,andthesoilsbecomethicker,sothatthesouthernpeninsulawasagriculturallymoreproductiveandsupporteddenserpopulations.ButrainfallintheMayahomelandisunpredictablyvariablebetweenyears;somerecentyearshavehadthreeorfourtimesmorerainthanotheryears.Asaresult,modernfarmersattemptingtogrowcornintheancientMayahomelandshavefacedfrequentcropfailures,especiallyinthenorth.TheancientMayawerepresumablymoreexperiencedanddidbetter,butneverthelesstheytoomusthavefacedrisksofcropfailuresfromdroughtsandhurricanes.

AlthoughsouthernMayaareasreceivedmorerainfallthannorthernareas,problemsofwaterwereparadoxicallymoresevereinthewetsouth.WhilethatmadethingshardforancientMayalivinginthesouth,ithasalsomadethingshardformodernarchaeologistswhohavedifficultyunderstandingwhyancientdroughtscausedbiggerproblemsinthewetsouththaninthedrynorth.ThelikelyexplanationisthatanareaofundergroundfreshwaterunderliestheYucatanPeninsula,butsurfaceelevationincreasesfromnorthtosouth,sothatasonemovessouththelandsurfaceliesincreasinglyhigherabovethewatertable.InthenorthernpeninsulatheelevationissufficientlylowthattheancientMayawereabletoreachthewatertableatdeepsinkholescalledcenotes,oratdeepcaves.Inlow-elevationnorthcoastalareaswithoutsinkholes,theMayawouldhavebeenabletogetdowntothewatertablebydiggingwellsupto75feet(22meters)deep.Butmuchofthesouthliestoohighabovethewatertableforcenotesorwellstoreachdowntoit.Makingmattersworse,mostoftheYucatanPeninsulaconsistsofkarst,aporoussponge-likelimestoneterrainwhererainrunsstraightintothegroundandwherelittleornosurfacewaterremainsavailable.

HowdidthosedensesouthernMayapopulationsdealwiththeresultingwaterproblem?Itinitiallysurprisesusthatmanyoftheircitieswerenotbuiltnexttotheriversbutinsteadonhighterraininrollinguplands.TheexplanationisthattheMayaexcavateddepressions,ormodifiednaturaldepressions,andthenpluggedupleaksinthekarstbyplasteringthebottomsofthedepressionsinordertocreatereservoirs,whichcollectedrainfromlargeplasteredcatchmentbasinsandstoreditforuseinthedryseason.Forexample,reservoirsattheMayacityofTikalheldenoughwatertomeetthedrinkingwaterneedsofabout10,000peopleforaperiodof18months.AtthecityofCobatheMayabuiltdikesaroundalakeinordertoraiseitslevelandmaketheirwatersupplymorereliable.ButtheinhabitantsofTikalandothercitiesdependentonreservoirsfordrinkingwaterwouldstillhavebeenindeeptroubleif18monthspassedwithoutraininaprolongeddrought.Ashorterdroughtinwhichtheyexhaustedtheirstoredfoodsuppliesmightalreadyhavegottenthemindeeptrouble,becausegrowingcropsrequiredrainratherthanreservoirs.

58.WhydoestheauthorcalltheMayanhomelandbotha“seasonaltropicalforest”and“seasonaldesert”?

59.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutancientandmodernagricultureintheYucatanPeninsulaissupportedbyparagraph2?

60.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheavailabilityofwaterintheMayanhomelandissupportedbyparagraph3?

61.Accordingtothepassage,whywasthesouthernMayanhomelandhardtofarm?

問題1選項

A.ToillustratehowtheclimateoftheMayanhomelandvariedfromregiontoregion.

B.ToexplainhowtheclimateoftheMayanhomelandissimilartothatofajungleortropicalrainforest.

C.ToemphasizethevastsizeoftheareathatcompromisedtheMayanhomelandinancienttimes.

D.TomakethepointthattheMayanhomelandisclimaticallymorecomplexthanisgenerallyassumed.

問題2選項

A.ModernagriculturalmethodshavesolvedmanyoftheancientproblemsoffarmingintheYucatanPeninsula.

B.AncientMayanfarmersmayhavebeensomewhatmoresuccessfulatfarmingintheYucatanPeninsulathanfarmersaretoday.

C.FarmingtodayiseasierthaninthepastbecauseenvironmentalchangesintheYucatanPeninsulahaveincreasedavailablerainfall.

D.TheYucatansoilsinwhichancientfarmersworkedwerericher,moreproductive,andthickerthantheyaretoday.

問題3選項

A.Theconstructionofwellswasanuncommonpracticeinboththenorthandthesouthbecauseitwastoodifficulttodigthroughthekarst.

B.Inmostareasinthenorthandthesouth,rainwaterwasabsorbeddirectlyintotheporouskarst.

C.ThewatertablewasanimportantresourceforagricultureinboththenorthandthesouthoftheYucatanPeninsula.

D.Thelackofsurfacewaterinboththenorthandthesouthwasprobablyduetothefactthatmostofitwasquicklyusedupforagriculturalpurposes.

問題4選項

A.Thepresenceofnumeroussinkholesandwellsinterferedwithfarming.

B.Southernsoillackedthedepthcropsneededforgrowth.

C.Undergroundwaterwastoofarbelowthesurfacetoreach.

D.Thepresenceofkarstcausedfrequentflooding.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】58.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者稱瑪雅家園為‘季節(jié)性熱帶雨林’和‘季節(jié)性的沙漠’？”。根據(jù)第一段中的Properlyspeaking,tropicalrainforestsgrowinhigh-rainfallequatorialareasthatremainwetorhumidallyearround.ButtheMayahomelandliesmorethansixteenhundredkilometersfromtheequator,atlatitudes17to22degreesnorth,inahabitattermeda“seasonaltropicalforest.”Thatis,whiletheredoestendtobearainyseasonfromMaytoOctober,thereisalsoadryseasonfromJanuarythroughApril.（確切地說，熱帶雨林生長在赤道多雨地區(qū)，終年潮濕。但是瑪雅的家園位于北緯17到22度，距離赤道1600多公里，在一個被稱為“季節(jié)性熱帶森林”的棲息地。也就是說，雖然5月到10月確實有雨季，但1月到4月也有旱季。）可知，瑪雅家園的氣候比一般的要復雜，D項“為了表明瑪雅家園的氣候比一般認為的要復雜”正確。A項“以說明瑪雅家園的氣候如何因地區(qū)而異”，文中并沒有說各個地區(qū)不同；B項“來解釋瑪雅人家園的氣候與叢林或熱帶雨林的相似之處”只說到了雨季，沒有說旱季；C項“為了強調(diào)古代瑪雅家園的廣闊面積”中的“廣闊面積”在文中也沒有提及。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“關(guān)于尤卡坦半島古代和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，下列哪一項陳述得到第2段的支持？”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞ancient和modern定位到第二段最后兩句Asaresult,modernfarmersattemptingtogrowcornintheancientMayahomelandshavefacedfrequentcropfailures,especiallyinthenorth.TheancientMayawerepresumablymoreexperiencedanddidbetter,butneverthelesstheytoomusthavefacedrisksofcropfailuresfromdroughtsandhurricanes.（因此，現(xiàn)代農(nóng)民要在瑪雅遺址種植谷物就要面臨頻繁的作物減產(chǎn)的風險，尤其在半島的北部地區(qū)。古瑪雅人也許更有經(jīng)驗也做得更好，但是不管怎么說他們都必須面對旱災和颶風帶來的顆粒無收的風險。），由此可知，現(xiàn)代和古代的瑪雅人都會遇到同樣的問題，即自然災害帶來的作物減產(chǎn)，但在某種程度上，古代人比現(xiàn)代人解決的更好，因此B項“古代瑪雅農(nóng)民在尤卡坦半島的農(nóng)業(yè)可能比今天的農(nóng)民更成功”符合題意，A項“現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)方法解決了尤卡坦半島許多古老的農(nóng)業(yè)問題”正好相反，A項錯誤。C項“由于尤卡坦半島的環(huán)境變化增加了可用的降雨量，今天的農(nóng)業(yè)比過去更容易”和D項“古代農(nóng)民耕種的尤卡坦半島的土壤比現(xiàn)在更肥沃、更多產(chǎn)、更厚”在該段都沒提到。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

60.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“以下哪一項關(guān)于瑪雅家園水資源的陳述得到了第3段的支持？”。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句和第三句Inlow-elevationnorthcoastalareaswithoutsinkholes,theMayawouldhavebeenabletogetdowntothewatertablebydiggingwellsupto75feet(22meters)deep.Butmuchofthesouthliestoohighabovethewatertableforcenotesorwellstoreachdowntoit.（在沒有排水口且海拔較低的北部沿海地區(qū)，瑪雅人就需要借助鑿井到達75英尺深的地下水含水層。但在南方若想通過排水口或鑿井達到含水層的話，深度就要深得多。）可知，北部打井容易而南部卻很難，所以A項“無論是在北方還是南方，打井都是一種罕見的做法，因為在巖溶中挖掘太困難了”錯誤，C項“地下水位是尤卡坦半島北部和南部重要的農(nóng)業(yè)資源”中的“地下水位”雖然有提及，但是并沒有提到它的重要性，所以C項也不選。由第三段最后一句Makingmattersworse,mostoftheYucatanPeninsulaconsistsofkarst,aporoussponge-likelimestoneterrainwhererainrunsstraightintothegroundandwherelittleornosurfacewaterremainsavailable.（更糟糕的是，尤卡坦半島大部分地區(qū)屬于喀斯特地貌，多孔狀如海綿的石灰?guī)r地形，雨水直接流入地下，幾乎沒有地表水余留。）可知，B項“在北方和南方的大部分地區(qū)，雨水被直接吸收到多孔的喀斯特地貌”符合原文。D項“北方和南方地表水的缺乏可能是由于大部分地表水很快被用于農(nóng)業(yè)用途”在原文中沒有對應。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

61.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，為什么南部瑪雅人的家園很難耕種？”。根據(jù)第三段第三句ThelikelyexplanationisthatanareaofundergroundfreshwaterunderliestheYucatanPeninsula,butsurfaceelevationincreasesfromnorthtosouth,sothatasonemovessouththelandsurfaceliesincreasinglyhigherabovethewatertable.（可能的解釋是，尤卡坦半島的地下有一片淡水區(qū)域，但地表高度從北向南增加，所以當你向南移動時，地表高于地下水位的位置越來越高。）可推知，瑪雅南部的地表高于地下水位，所以地下水無法達到地表，從而南部瑪雅人很難耕種，故C項“地下水在地表以下很遠，無法到達”正確。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Butmuchofthesouthliestoohighabovethewatertableforcenotesorwellstoreachdowntoit.（但在南方若想通過排水口或鑿井達到含水層的話，深度就要深得多。）可知，在瑪雅南部鑿井是很困難的，所以A項“大量排水口和井的存在妨礙了農(nóng)業(yè)”是錯誤的。B項“南方土壤缺乏作物生長所需的深度”在原文中沒有提到。由第三段最后一句Makingmattersworse,mostoftheYucatanPeninsulaconsistsofkarst,aporoussponge-likelimestoneterrainwhererainrunsstraightintothegroundandwherelittleornosurfacewaterremainsavailable.（更糟糕的是，尤卡坦半島大部分地區(qū)屬于喀斯特地貌，多孔狀如海綿的石灰?guī)r地形，雨水直接流入地下，幾乎沒有地表水余留。）可知，喀斯特地貌導致的是雨水直接流下地下，而不是洪水，D項“喀斯特地貌的存在導致頻繁的洪水”錯誤。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

12.單選題

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat（

）.

2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased

C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics

D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance

問題2選項

A.ahighersenseofsecurity

B.lesssecuredpayments

C.lesschancetoinvest

D.aguaranteedfuture

問題3選項

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass

C.compensateforthereducedpensions

D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk

問題4選項

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks

B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges

C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus

問題5選項

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassontheCliff

C.TheMiddleClassinConflict

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.現(xiàn)在，一份解雇通知書、一個糟糕的診斷，或者配偶的消失，都可能在幾個月內(nèi)把一個穩(wěn)定的中產(chǎn)階級家庭變成一個新的貧困家庭。”由此可知C選項“他們更容易受家庭經(jīng)濟情況變化的影響”正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.在過去一年的大部分時間里，布什總統(tǒng)致力于將社會保障轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮π钯~戶模式，即退休人員將他們的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根據(jù)投資回報進行交易?！庇纱丝芍狟選項“不安全的薪酬”正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題