考研考博-英語-中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Singapore-basedcompanyPolychemyisusing3Dprinterstomakepersonalizedjewelry—thinknameplatenecklaces（）inadozenlanguages,orsportsteamlogopendants.

問題1選項

A.precious

B.preferred

C.available

D.customizable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項precious表示“寶貴的，珍貴的”，B選項preferred表示“優(yōu)先的，首選的”，C選項available表示“可獲得的，有空的，可利用的”，D選項customizable表示“可定制的”。由后文關(guān)鍵信息“inadozenlanguages”可知，這些銘牌是可以用十幾種語言表述出來的，因此，制作多種語言的銘牌是可實現(xiàn)的，能做到的。故本題正確答案為C選項。

2.單選題

Theauthorofthebookhasshownhisremarkablykeen（）intohumannature.

問題1選項

A.intellect

B.insight

C.perception

D.understanding

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項intellect“智力，理解力”；B選項insight“洞察力，洞悉”；C選項perception“知覺，感覺”；D選項understanding“理解”。句意：這本書的作者對人性有非常敏銳的洞察力。選項B符合語境。

3.單選題

Understandingtheflexibilityofaprospectivepartner'snegotiateddealstermsprovidescriticalinsightintothenegotiationprocess（）whatyoucanexpecttoachieveduringthenegotiationofterms.

問題1選項

A.intermsof

B.incaseof

C.infavorof

D.inviewof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。intermsof依據(jù)，在…方面；incaseof以免；infavorof有利于，支持；inviewof鑒于，考慮到。句意：從談判的過程中，你期待能實現(xiàn)的事情的方面，了解潛在合作伙伴的談判條件的靈活性為談判過程提供了重要的視角?？崭窈蟮膬?nèi)容是談判的一方面，故A項正確。

4.單選題

Somesociologistsareworriedaboutthe（）throughoutthewholesociety.

問題1選項

A.fraudulent

B.generous

C.dynamic

D.compulsive

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。fraudulent“欺詐的”；generous“慷慨的”；dynamic“動態(tài)的”;compulsive“極有趣的”。句意：一些社會學(xué)家擔(dān)心整個社會的欺詐問題。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

問題1選項

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:該國進行核實驗，也不（

）

實驗結(jié)果。

optimistic樂觀的;anxious焦慮的，擔(dān)憂的;uncertain無常的，不確定的，含糊的;scared恐懼的，害怕的。Apprehensive憂慮的，不安的。故選B。

6.單選題

Hespokeso（

）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

問題1選項

A.bluntly

B.convincingly

C.emphatically

D.determinedly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析題。A選項bluntly“坦率地，率直地”；B選項convincingly“使人信服地，有說服力地”；C選項emphatically“堅決地，斷然地”；D選項determinedly“決然地，斷然地”。句意：他講得如此有說服力，以至于他的對手都被他的辯論所折服。結(jié)合此處句意，B選項正確。

7.單選題

Theteacherblamedhisstudentsforplayingpranksintheclassroom.

問題1選項

A.tricks

B.nudes

C.cribs

D.quips

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老師責(zé)備他的學(xué)生在教室里搞惡作劇。pranks指“惡作劇”。tricks詭計，騙局；nudes肉色針織物；cribs嬰兒床，柵欄；quips妙語，諷刺語。選項A與之意思相近。

8.單選題

Yes,it’sahackneyedphrase,butpoliticsistheartofthepossible.

問題1選項

A.trite

B.haggard

C.poundage

D.sighted

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項trite“陳腐的，平庸的，老一套的”；B選項haggard“憔悴的，野性的，（鷹）未馴服的”；C選項poundage“按每磅收取的手續(xù)費或稅金，磅重總數(shù)”；D選項sighted“有視力的，不盲的”。句意：是的，這是一個陳詞濫調(diào)，但政治是可能的藝術(shù)。Hackneyed“陳腐的，平庸的”，A選項與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Thisisoneofthefewjobsyoucandointhisplaceand___beingcompletelydrunk.

問題1選項

A.contributeto

B.getawaywith

C.makefor

D.tryon

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“contributeto”，意為“有助于，促成，捐獻”，B選項“getawaywith”，意為“僥幸成功，僥幸逃脫”，C選項“makefor”，意為“有助于，促進，導(dǎo)致”，D選項“tryon”，意為“試用，試穿”，句意：這是你在這里能做的為數(shù)不多的工作之一，而且還能避免喝醉。因此，B選項符合句意。

10.單選題

MuchoftheresearchonhallucinogenicdrugssuchasLSDhasfocusedontheneurotransmitterserotonin,achemicalthatwhenreleasedfromaprescriptionserotonin-secretingneuroncausesthetransmissionofanerveimpulseacrossasynapsetoanadjacentpost-synaptic,ortargetneuron.Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.

EarlyinvestigatorscorrectlyreasonedthatthestructuralsimilaritytotheserotoninmoleculemightimplythatLSD’seffectsarebroughtaboutbyanactionontheneurotransmissionofserotonininthebrain.Unfortunately,theleveloftechnicalexpertiseinthefieldofbrainresearchwassuchthatthishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue(tissueoutsidethebrain).TwodifferentgroupsofscientistsreportedthatLSDpowerfullyblockadedserotonin’saction.Theirconclusionswerequicklychallenged,however.Wenowknowthattheactionofadrugatonesideinthebodydoesnotnecessarilycorrespondtothedrugactionatanotherside,especiallywhenonesiteisinthebrainandtheotherisnot.

Bythe1960's,technicaladvancespermittedthedirecttestingofthehypothesisthatLSDandrelatedhallucinogensactbydirectlysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneuronsthemselves-theso-calledprescriptionhypothesis.Researchersreasonedthatifthehallucinogenicdrugsactbysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneurons,thendrugsadministeredaftertheseneuronshadbeendestroyedshouldhavenoeffectonbehavior,becausethesystemwouldalreadybemaximallysuppressed.

Contrarytotheirexpectations,neurondestructionenhancedtheeffectofLSDandrelatedhallucinogensonbehavior.Thus,hallucinogenicdrugsapparentlydonotactdirectlyonserotonin-secretingneurons.

However,theseandotheravailabledatedosupportanalternativehypothesis,thatLSDandrelateddrugsactdirectlyatreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons(thepost-synaptichypothesis).ThefactthatLSDelicits"serotoninsyndrome-thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.TheenhancedeffectofLSDreportedafterserotonindepletioncouldbeduetoaproliferationofserotoninreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons.Thisphenomenonoftenfollowsneurondestructionorneurotransmitterdepletion;theincreaseinthenumberofreceptorsitesappearstobeacompensatoryresponsetodecreasedinput.Significantly,thishypothesisissupportedbydatefromanumbersofdifferentlaboratories.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisoneoftheprimaryfactorsthatledresearchersstudyinghallucinogenicdrugstofocusonserotonin?

2.Itcanbeinferredthatresearchersabandonedtheprescriptionhypothesisbecause（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theresearchdescribedinthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefines’'serotoninsyndrome"（underlined,asthetermisusedinthepassage?

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationoftheargumentthattheauthorofthepassagepresentsinthelasttwoparagraphs?

7.Theauthor'sattitudetowardearlyresearchers’reasoningconcerningtheimplicationofsimilaritiesinthestructuresofserotoninandLSDmoleculescanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）

問題1選項

A.Thesuppressionoftheactivit3rofserotoninsecretingneuronsbytheadministrationofhallucinogens

B.Theobservedsimilaritiesinthechemicalstructuresofserotoninandhallucinogens

C.Theeffectstheadministrationofhallucinogenshasonserotoninproductioninthehumanbrain

D.Serotonin-inducedchangesintheeffectsofhallucinogensonbehavior

問題2選項

A.anewandmoreattractivehypothesiswassuggested

B.noresearchwasreportedthatsupportedthehypothesis

C.researchresultsprovidedevidencetocounterthehypothesis

D.thehypothesiswassupportedonlybystudiesofanimalsandnotbystudiesofhumanbeings

問題3選項

A.Researchhassuggestedthattheneurotransmitterserotoninisresponsiblefortheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsonthebrainandonbehavior.

B.Researchershavespentaninadequateamountoftimedevelopingtheoriesconcerningthewayinwhichtheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsoccur.

C.Researchresultsstronglysuggestthathallucinogenicdrugscreatetheireffectsbyactingontheserotoninreceptorsiteslocatedontargetneuronsinthebrain.

D.Researchershaverecentlymadevaluablediscoveriesconcerningtheeffectsofdepletingtheamountofserotonininthebrain.

問題4選項

A.HowcanresearcherscontroltheeffectsthatLSDhasonbehavior?

B.Howareanimals’reactionstoLSDdifferentfromthoseofhumanbeing?

C.WhattriggerstheeffectsthatLSDhasonhumanbehavior?

D.WhattechnicaladvanceswouldpermitresearcherstopredictmoreaccuratelytheeffectsofLSDonbehavior?

問題5選項

A.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofserotonin,thatalsooccurswhenLSDisadministeredtoanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotonin

B.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofLSD,thatalsooccurswhentheamountofserotonininthebrainisreduced.

C.Themaximalsuppressionofneuronactivitythatresultsfromthedestructionofserotonin-secretingneurons

D.Thereleaseofstoresofserotoninfromserotonin-secretingneuronsinthebrain

問題6選項

A.Twoapproachestotestingahypothesisaredescribed,andthegreatermeritsofoneapproachareindicated.

B.Theassumptionsunderlyingtwohypothesesareoutlined,andevidenceforandagainsteachhypothesisisdiscussed.

C.Aphenomenonisdescribed,andhypothesesconcerningitsoccurrenceareconsideredandrejected

D.Thereasoningbehindahypothesisissummarized,evidencesupportingthehypothesisispresented,andresearchthatcountersthesupportingevidenceisdescribed.

問題7選項

A.completeagreement

B.reluctantsupport

C.subtlecondescension

D.irreverentdismissa

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

【解析】1.由題干中的單詞factor找到文章第一段：Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.這種強調(diào)有兩個主要原因。首先，人們很早就發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多主要致幻劑的分子結(jié)構(gòu)與血清素相似。此外，對服用迷幻藥后的腦神經(jīng)化學(xué)的動物研究總是報告血清素水平的變化。確定B選項‘5-羥色胺和致幻劑化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的相似性‘正確。

2.文章第二段中Unfortunately和challenged為關(guān)鍵詞，具有轉(zhuǎn)折的意味。第二段中thishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue這一假設(shè)必須在周圍組織上進行驗證,由此可知答案為C選項’研究結(jié)果為反駁這一假設(shè)提供了證據(jù)‘正確。

3.該題為主旨概括題。文章第一句開篇點題，講的是科學(xué)家對迷幻藥的研究，并將研究目標集中于神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)血清素，并得出了迷幻藥對目標神經(jīng)元的影響作用。所以C選項‘研究結(jié)果強烈表明，致幻藥物通過作用于位于大腦目標神經(jīng)元上的血清素受體來產(chǎn)生效果?！_。

4.由上題可知，文章主要是描述迷幻藥對人的神經(jīng)元的影響作用。并且回答了是怎么對人的神經(jīng)產(chǎn)生影響的。選項A選項‘研究人員如何控制LSD對行為的影響?’文章沒有提及。文章是對動物的實驗，但并沒有對比人與動物的區(qū)別，所以選項B‘動物對LSD的反應(yīng)與人類有何不同?’排除。選項D‘什么技術(shù)進步能讓研究人員更準確地預(yù)測LSD對行為的影響?’文章沒有提到。所以排除法，選C。

5.該詞出現(xiàn)在最后一段，Thatis后是對該詞的解釋。thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.這與大腦血清素缺乏的動物吸收血清素的行為相同，表明LSD直接作用于血清素受體，而不是通過釋放血清素來間接作用。所以確定A選項‘這一系列的行為，通常與給藥血清素有關(guān)，當(dāng)給大腦中血清素不足的動物注射LSD時也會發(fā)生‘正確。

6.最后兩段，作者提出相反的假設(shè)，以證據(jù)證明假設(shè)。所以D選項‘總結(jié)假設(shè)背后的推理，提出支持假設(shè)的證據(jù)，描述反駁支持證據(jù)的研究?！_。

7.題干提問作者的態(tài)度。A選項‘完全同意’；B選項‘不支持‘；C選項‘不予考慮的’；D選項‘無關(guān)緊要的‘。文中第二段作者對早期的以Unfortunately和challenged語氣進行了否定，接著在下文中論述，從而得出真正的結(jié)果。所以B選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（

）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

問題1選項

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。A選項unbiased“公正的，無偏見的”；B選項manipulated“操作”；C選項distorted“扭曲的”；D選項conveyed“傳達”。

句意：當(dāng)你準備你的演講時，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息來源和例子。選項A符合句意。

12.單選題

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

問題1選項

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。四個選項都有“雖然，盡管”的意思。選項C的結(jié)構(gòu)一般很少使用。Although和though都可以引導(dǎo)句子，不過although只能置于句首。這里空格后面是一個名詞短語educationaldifferences跟一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。所以只能填入選項D介詞短語，后面接名詞。句意為：女性的收入遠在男性之下，盡管兩性在教育方面的差距正在消除。

13.單選題

Theuniversity（）fiveschoolsandtwenty-fivedepartments.

問題1選項

A.beconsistedof

B.consistsof

C.beconsistedby

D.beconsistedin

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞用法。動詞consist表示“由......組成”，為不及物動詞，無被動式。詞組consistof表示“（整體）由......（部分）組成”。句意：這所大學(xué)由4個學(xué)院和25個部門組成。因此，本題正確答案為B項。

14.單選題

TheyoungladyisMr.Smith’step-daughter,her（）parentshavingdiedinanaccident.

問題1選項

A.ecological

B.psychological

C.physiological

D.biological

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項ecological“生態(tài)的、生態(tài)學(xué)的”；B選項psychological“心理的”；C選項physiological“生理學(xué)的”；D選項biological“生物學(xué)的”，句意為：這位年輕的女士是史密斯先生的繼女，她的親生父母在一次事故中喪生。親生父母表達為biologicalparents，選項D符合題意。

15.單選題

Thenumberofstay-at-homefathersreachedarecordhighlastyear,newfiguresshow,asfamiliessawa(n)________infemalebreadwinners.

問題1選項

A.raise

B.rise

C.arise

D.increase

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。由前后得知空白處需要填一個可數(shù)名詞。作名詞時，raise“提高，升”，表示某事物升了級別；rise“上升，增加”通常指數(shù)量增加或水平提高，為不可數(shù)名詞；arise沒有名詞用法；increase“增加，增加額”，指大小和強度增加。句意：新的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，因為家庭中掙錢女性人數(shù)的增加，去年全職爸爸的數(shù)量達到了歷史新高。因此只有D選項符合題意。

16.單選題

Itisimportantthattheyknow______togetfromtheapplicants.

問題1選項

A.theinformationneeded

B.whatisneeded

C.whatinformationtheyneed

D.theinformation

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語和賓語從句。這里把whatinformation提前來引導(dǎo)從句擔(dān)當(dāng)主句的賓語，賓語從句的正常語序是theyneedtogetwhatinformationfromtheapplicants；這句話的句意是：他們知道什么信息是他們需要從申請人那里得到的，這很重要。A、B、D選項均不符合語法，因此選C。

17.單選題

Televisionadvertisinghasbeenunderconstantscrutinyforthelastfewyears.

問題1選項

A.counterattack

B.pressure

C.revision

D.examination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。scrutiny表示“詳細審查”；A項counterattack“反擊，反攻”，B項pressure“壓力”，C項revision“修訂，修正”，D項examination“檢查，查問”。句意：在過去數(shù)年里，電視廣告一直不斷受到詳細審查。因此D項正確。

18.單選題

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventu-allybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftheewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughouturope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearninganddealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohu-man—asopposedtospiritual—values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafter-life—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingtheleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellaseligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed，experienced,discussed,anddis-seminated.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebe-ingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewrit-ingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandlit-erature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof().

3.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEX-CEPT().

4.Theword“disseminated”inline16isclosestinmeaningto()

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenais-sancemusicalstyle?

問題1選項

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenais-sance.

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle.

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

問題2選項

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

問題3選項

A.usingreligiousthemes

B.portrayingonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.producingartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.creatingworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

問題4選項

A.played

B.documented

C.spread

D.analyzed

問題5選項

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle.

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle.

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians.

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章開頭介紹了“復(fù)興”一詞的來源及興起。第二段寫文藝復(fù)興影響人們音樂思考和音樂創(chuàng)作的方式。第三段寫這一時期的音樂風(fēng)格多變，很難定義為單一的音樂類型。C項對文意的概括比較全面，所以C項正確。

2.第一段指出：Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman—asopposedtospiritual一values（對于這些學(xué)者而言，文藝復(fù)興意味著對人類價值而非精神方面的回歸）。C項“重視人類價值觀的主張”符合原文意思。

3.B項“僅僅描述人生經(jīng)歷中快樂的部分”不是藝術(shù)家和作家的目的，故選B。

4.“disseminated”出現(xiàn)在第二段:ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminated.（這些觀點的改變深深地影響了文藝復(fù)興時期的音樂文化——人們思考音樂的方式以及音樂的創(chuàng)作、體驗、爭議和）。所以，C項spread“傳播”正確。

5.第三段指出：musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle（在本世紀半葉，音樂變化如此之快，盡管在不同的國家以不同的速度變化，但我們無法定義一種文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格）。所以“changedsorapidly”是原因，D項“音樂無法長時間的保持一種形式”正確。

19.單選題

Theconceptof“environment”iscertainlydifficultandmayevenbemisunderstood;butwehavenohandysubstitute.Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparateforcesactingonanorganismintothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental.Butinactualpracticethissystembreaksdowninmanyways,becausetheorganismandtheenvironmentareconstantlyinteractingsothattheenvironmentismodifiedbytheorganismandviceversa.Inthecaseofman,thedifficultieswiththeenvironmentalconceptareevenmorecomplicatedbecausewehavetodealwithmanasananimalandwithmanasabearerofculture.Ifwelookatmanasananimalandtrytoanalyzetheenvironmentalforcesthatareactingontheorganism,wefindthatwehavetodealwiththingslikeclimate,soil,plants,andsuch-likefactorscommontoallbiologicalsituations;butwealsofind,always,veryimportantenvironmentalinfluencesthatwecanonlyclassas“cultural”,whichmodifythephysicalandbiologicalfactors.Butman,asweknowhim,isalwaysabearerofculture;andifwestudyhumanculture,wefindthatit,inturn,ismodifiedbytheenvironmentalfactorsofclimateandgeography.Wethuseasilygetintogreatdifficultiesfromthenecessityofviewingculture,atonemoment,asapartofthemanand,atanothermoment,asapartoftheenvironment.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethepopularunderstandingof“environment”astheauthorseesit?

2.Accordingtotheauthortheconceptof“environment”isdifficulttoexplainbecause（

）.

3.Inanalyzingtheenvironmentalforcesactingonmantheauthorsuggeststhat

（

）.

4.Asforculture,theauthorpointsoutthat

（

）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

問題1選項

A.Elaborate.

B.Prejudiced

C.Faultless.

D.Oversimplified.

問題2選項

A.itdoesn’tdistinguishbetweentheorganismandtheenvironment

B.itinvolvesbothinternalandexternalforces

C.theorganismandtheenvironmentinfluenceeachother

D.therelationshipbetweentheorganismandenvironmentisunclear

問題3選項

A.biologicalfactorsarelessimportanttotheorganismthanculturalfactorstoman

B.manandotheranimalsaremodifiedequallybytheenvironmentalforces

C.manismodifiedbytheculturalenvironmentaswellasbythenaturalenvironment

D.physicalandbiologicalfactorsexertmoreinfluenceonotherorganismthanonman

問題4選項

A.itdevelopssidebysidewithenvironmentalfactors

B.itisalsoaffectedbyenvironment

C.itisgenerallyacceptedtobepartoftheenvironment

D.itisaproductofman’sbiologicalinstincts

問題5選項

A.theinterpretationoftheterm“environment”

B.thediscussionoftheorganismandbiologicalenvironment

C.thecomparisonbetweeninternalandexternalfactorsinfluencingman

D.theevaluationofman’sinfluenceonculture

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“下列哪個選項最能描述作者對‘環(huán)境’這個詞的描述？”文章第二句話提到“區(qū)分有機體和周圍環(huán)境，以及將作用于有機體的力分為內(nèi)部的、生物的、外部的和環(huán)境的看起來很容易”（Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparateforcesactingonanorganismintothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental），所以可以看出來作者認為把對環(huán)境的描述過于簡單化，選項D符合題意。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認為‘環(huán)境’這個概念很難被解釋是因為什么？”文章第三句提到“但是在實際中，這個體系在很多方面上都不成立，因為有機體和環(huán)境不斷在相互作用，因此環(huán)境被有機體改變，反過來也如此”（Butinactualpracticethissystembreaksdowninmanyways,becausetheorganismandtheenvironmentareconstantlyinteractingsothattheenvironmentismodifiedbytheorganismandviceversa），選項C“有機體與環(huán)境相互影響”符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。題目問的是“關(guān)于環(huán)境因素作用在人類身上的分析，作者有什么建議？”文章倒數(shù)第二句話提到“但是人類一直是文化的擁有者；如果研究人類文化，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，反過來，它被氣候和地理位置等環(huán)境因素改變著”（Butman,asweknowhim,isalwaysabearerofculture;andifwestudyhumanculture,wefindthatit,inturn,ismodifiedbytheenvironmentalfactorsofclimateandgeography），因此，選項C“人類被文化環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境改變”符合題意。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“關(guān)于文化，作者指出了什么？”文章倒數(shù)第二句話提到“但是人類一直是文化的擁有者；如果研究人類文化，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，反過來，它被氣候和地理位置等環(huán)境因素改變著”（Butman,asweknowhim,isalwaysabearerofculture;andifwestudyhumanculture,wefindthatit,inturn,ismodifiedbytheenvironmentalfactorsofclimateandgeography），由此可知，文化也是受環(huán)境因素影響的，因此選項B“它也受環(huán)境的影響”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。題目問的是“作者主要闡述了什么問題？”文章第一句話提到“雖然‘環(huán)境’這個概念很難理解，甚至可能被誤解，但是我們沒有別的替代物”（Theconceptof“environment”iscertainlydifficultandmayevenbemisunderstood;butwehavenohandysubstitute），之后都是圍繞這個話題展開，由此可知文章主要闡述的就是對“環(huán)境”這個術(shù)語的解釋。選項A“對“環(huán)境”的解釋”符合題意。

20.不定項選擇題

Islifetodaymoredangerousthanitusedtobe?Itcertainlyseemsthatway.LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.

Aftersomeseriousaircrashes,thousandsofpeopleinthiscountrysworeoffairplanesandbegandrivingcars.Infact,thenumberofdeathsonU.S.highwaysinatypicalyearismorethandoublethenumberofpeoplewhohavediedinallcommercialairplaneaccidentsinthepast40years.Bytakingtheprecautionofnotflying,manypeopledied.

Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis.Itisafact,forexample,thatpeoplefearman-madedisasters(terrorism)farmorethantheyfearnaturaldisasters(hurricanes,snowstorms),evenwhenthelatteraremoredangerous.Equallyillogical,peoplearealsomoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol,whichiswhydrivingacardoesfeelsaferthanflyinginanairplane.Finally—althoughIhavenoproof—peoplearedisproportionatelyfrightenedbythingstheyreadaboutinthenewspaper.Bycontrast,theyaredisproportionatelywillingtodiscounttheevidenceoftheirownexperience.Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.Mostchildrenaren’tdyingyoung.Mostadultsaren’tdyinginmiddleage.

LifeisfarsaferandlastsmuchlongerfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhasforjustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory.Butnowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.

1.ChildreninWashingtonarenotallowedtogotoschoolforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT________.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthepreviousgeneration________.

3.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatinthepast________.

4.Theauthorbelievesthat________.

5.Thetoneoftheauthorinwritingthepassageis________.

問題1選項

A.fallentrees

B.fallenpowerlines

C.acominghurricane

D.brokentrafficlights

問題2選項

A.knewbetterhowtoavoiddanger

B.livedinalessdangerousworld

C.wasbetteratprotectingthemselves

D.waslessfussyaboutdangers

問題3選項

A.lifewasmoreenjoyable

B.waterwaslesscleanandfresh

C.foodswereofbettertasteandquality

D.streetsweresaferforchildrentocross

問題4選項

A.peopleareoverreactingtodangersnowadays

B.peoplehavegoodreasonstofearthedangerstoday

C.flyingismoredangerousaftersomeseriousaircrashes

D.childrenshouldbebetterprotectedagainstdangers

問題5選項

A.complaining

B.depressing

C.factual

D.ironic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“ChildreninWashington”定位到原文第一段第三句ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.（這周居住在華盛頓地區(qū)的孩子一整天都不準去學(xué)校，因為道路被吹倒的的樹還有電線桿封住了，而且一些十字路口的交通信號燈壞了），從這里可以看出孩子不準去學(xué)校的原因是因為吹倒的樹和電線桿以及壞掉的燈，這里選擇的是不屬于停學(xué)的原因，所以A選項“倒在路邊的大樹”，B“倒在路邊的電線桿”，D“壞掉的交通信號燈”排除；而且第一段第二句話LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.（上周華盛頓整個地鐵系統(tǒng)都不得不被關(guān)閉，因為某些人在臺風(fēng)來襲時可能會被吹到軌道里），從這里可以看出臺風(fēng)在上周就來了，不可能到了這周還是一個將要來（coming）的狀態(tài)，所以答案是C選項“即將到來的龍卷風(fēng)”。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“previousgeneration”定位到文章第一段最后一句話Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.（前面一代人可能會走過大樹倒地的街道，然后在穿過馬路的時候看看兩邊會不會有車，但是這一代年輕人顯然生活在一個更危險的世界，我們需要提供保護）以及最后一段第一句話Lifeisfarsaferandla