考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華北理工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華北理工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

ScientistsgenerallyagreethattheEarth’sclimatewillwarmupoverthenext50to100years______ithaswarmedinthe20,000yearssincetheIceAge.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aslongas

B.asmuchas

C.aswellas

D.ashigheras

【答案】B

【解析】考查比較級(jí)用法。A項(xiàng)aslongas表示“只要，和……一樣長(zhǎng)”，B項(xiàng)asmuchas表示“差不多，和……一樣多”，C項(xiàng)aswellas表示“也，和……一樣”，D項(xiàng)ashigheras表示“和……一樣高”。根據(jù)句子前后意思可知，空格處缺少一個(gè)表示比較的詞語(yǔ)，被比較的對(duì)象是Earth’sclimatewillwarmup（地球氣候?qū)⑸仙?，所以B選項(xiàng)最符合。句意：科學(xué)家們普遍認(rèn)為，在未來(lái)的50年到100年里，地球的氣候?qū)?huì)變暖，與冰河時(shí)代以來(lái)的2萬(wàn)年里變暖的程度一樣。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

JapanremainstiedtotheWesterncamppartlybecausetherelationshiphasbecome（

）tohereconomyandpoliticsoverfortyyears’association.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.integral

B.unilateral

C.rational

D.hierarchical

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:日本依然和西方保持著關(guān)系，因?yàn)檫@層關(guān)系是他40年社交出來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治的不可分割的一部分。

integral構(gòu)成整體所必需的，完整的。unilateral單邊的；［植］單側(cè)的；單方面的。rational合理的；理性的。hierarchical分層的；等級(jí)體系的。

3.單選題

Therearenominees，like“LoneSurvivor”，thatwon'twinthe2014Oscars,but（）yourattention,becauseeachisastunningperformancethatwillendureforquitesometime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suspend

B.surpass

C.derive

D.deserve

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由but以及because引導(dǎo)的句子句意“因?yàn)槊總€(gè)都是非常精彩的會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間的表演”可知這些表演值得別人關(guān)注。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：有些提名影片，比如《孤獨(dú)的幸存者》（LoneSurvivor），不會(huì)獲得2014年奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)，但是值得引起你的注意，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)都是非常精彩的會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間的表演。

4.單選題

Thesoldier’sfacewasbadlyburnedinthefireoutbreakofadepartmentstoreandhehadtohaveskin（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transverse

B.transplanted

C.transcended

D.transferred

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)transverse“橫向的、橫切的”；B選項(xiàng)transplant“移植；遷移”；C選項(xiàng)transcend“勝過(guò)、超越”；D選項(xiàng)transfer“使轉(zhuǎn)移、調(diào)任”。句子由and連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，前半句意思是“士兵的臉在百貨公司發(fā)生的火災(zāi)中嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?，再根?jù)havesth.done的結(jié)構(gòu)，推斷空格部分單詞要填過(guò)去分詞形式。所以由后面關(guān)鍵詞“skin皮膚”可知空格部分單詞意思為“移植……”，句意為：士兵的臉在百貨公司發(fā)生的火災(zāi)中嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?，需要植皮。故正確答案選B。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanicactivityknownashotspots.Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.

Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain;theyarealsoalignedfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,withthemostrecentvolcanicactivityneartheireasternterminuses.

ThatthePacificplateandtheotherplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute;therelativemotionoftheplateshasbeenreconstructedindetail.HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso.Severalstudiessupportsuchanassumption,includingonethathasshownthatprominenthotspotsthroughouttheworldseemnottohavemovedduringthepasttenmillionyears.

Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecomestorestoverahotspot,materialwellingupfromdeeperlayersformsabroaddomethat,asitgrows,developsdeepfissures.Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates,sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability.

23.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

24.Accordingtothepassage,hotspotsdifferfrommostvolcanoesinthathotspots（）.

25.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatevidencefortheapparentcourseofthePacificplatehasbeenprovidedbythe（）.

26.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthespreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspotsindicatesthata（）.

27.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge?

28.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldbestsupporttheauthor’sstatementthathot-spotactivitymayexplainthemutabilityofcontinentalplates?

29.Theauthor’sargumentthathotspotscanbeusedtoreconstructthemovementofcontinentalplatesisweakenedbythefactthat（）.

30.Theauthor’sstylecanbestbedescribedas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.describethewayinwhichhotspotsinfluencetheextinctionofvolcanoes

B.describeandexplaintheformationoftheoceansandcontinents

C.explainhowtoestimatetheageoflavaflowsfromextinctvolcanoes

D.describehotspotsandexplainhowtheyappeartoinfluenceandrecordthemotionofplates

E.describetheformationandorientationofislandchainsinthePacificOcean

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.canonlybefoundnearislands

B.areactivewhereasallothervolcanoesareextinct

C.aresituatedclosertotheearth’ssurface

D.canbefoundalongtheedgesoftheplates

E.havegreateramountsofalkalimetalsintheirlavas

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.contoursofthecontinents

B.dimensionsofoceanhotspots

C.concurrentmovementoftwohotspots

D.patternoffissuresintheoceanfloor

E.configurationsofseveralmid-oceanislandchains

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hotspotisactive

B.continentalplatehasmoved

C.continentalruptureisimminent

D.hotspothadbeenmovingveryrapidly

E.volcanocontainslargeconcentrationsofalkalimetals

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thethreechainsofislandsaremovingeastward.

B.Alltheislandsinthethreechainshavestoppedmoving.

C.Thethreeislandchainsarearesultofthesameplatemovement.

D.TheHawaiianIslandsarerecedingfromtheothertwoislandchainsatarelativelyrapidrate.

E.TheAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidgechainshavemovedclosertogetherwhereastheHawaiianIslandshaveremainedstationary.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Hotspotsmovemorerapidlythanthecontinentalandoceanicplate.

B.Hotspotsarereliableindicatorsoftheageofcontinentalplates.

C.Hotspotsareregionsofvolcanicactivityfoundonlyintheinteriorsofthecontinentalplates.

D.ThealignmentsofthehotspotsinthePacificOceanparallelsthealignmentofthePacificOceanislands.

E.ThecoastlinesofAfricaandSouthAmericasuggestthattheymayoncehaveconstitutedasinglecontinentthatrupturedalongalineofhotspots.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.hotspotsareneverfoundattheboundariesofplates

B.onlyextinctvolcanoesremainafteraplatemovesoverahotspot

C.lavaflowpatternsforallhotspotshavenotbeenshowntobethesame

D.theimmobilityornearimmobilityofhotspotshasnotbeenconclusivelyproven

E.thechangingconfigurationsofislandsmakepinpointingthelocationsofhotspotsdifficult

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.dramatic

B.archaic

C.esoteric

D.objective

E.humanistic

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:E

第3題:E

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:E

第7題:D

第8題:D

【解析】23.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：描述熱點(diǎn)如何影響火山的滅絕；B：描述并解釋海洋和大陸的形成；C：解釋如何估計(jì)死火山熔巖流的年齡；D：描述熱點(diǎn)并解釋它們?nèi)绾斡绊懞陀涗洶鍓K的運(yùn)動(dòng)；E：描述太平洋島鏈的形成和方向。本文介紹了火山活動(dòng)地區(qū)，即熱點(diǎn)，并且詳細(xì)解釋了它們是如何影響和記錄板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)的：除了作為參照系外，熱點(diǎn)顯然還影響著推動(dòng)板塊橫穿全球的地球物理過(guò)程。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

24.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：只能在島嶼附近找到；B：是活火山，而其他的都是死火山；C：離地球表面更近；D：可以沿著板塊的邊緣找到；E：熔巖中有更多的堿金屬。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞hotspots以及volcanoes可定位至第一段：Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins（與大多數(shù)火山不同的是，熱點(diǎn)很少出現(xiàn)在構(gòu)成地殼的大陸板塊和海洋板塊的邊界上；大多數(shù)熱點(diǎn)位于板塊內(nèi)部深處，并固定在地球表面的深層。熱點(diǎn)與其他火山的區(qū)別還在于它們的熔巖，這些熔巖比那些來(lái)自板塊邊緣的火山含有更多的堿金屬）。由此可知，E項(xiàng)“熔巖中有更多的堿金屬”正確。

25.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：大陸的輪廓；B：海洋熱點(diǎn)尺寸；C：兩個(gè)熱點(diǎn)同時(shí)移動(dòng)；D：海底裂縫的模式；E：幾個(gè)大洋中部島鏈的構(gòu)造。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Pacificplate可定位至第二段：Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain（在某些情況下，板塊經(jīng)過(guò)熱點(diǎn)時(shí)會(huì)留下死火山的痕跡，就像風(fēng)吹過(guò)煙囪時(shí)會(huì)噴出一股濃煙一樣。夏威夷群島似乎就是這樣形成的，由一個(gè)單一的熔巖源從熱點(diǎn)涌出，太平洋板塊大致經(jīng)過(guò)熱點(diǎn)從東到西北，伴隨著一系列年齡不斷增長(zhǎng)的火山，另外兩個(gè)太平洋島鏈——南海嶺和土阿莫土海嶺——平行于夏威夷島鏈的結(jié)構(gòu)）。由此可知太平洋板塊明顯的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡的證據(jù)是由幾個(gè)大洋中部島鏈的構(gòu)造提供的，故選E項(xiàng)，其余選項(xiàng)并不符合題意。

26.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：熱點(diǎn)是活躍的；B：大陸板塊移動(dòng)了；C：大陸破裂迫在眉睫；D：“熱點(diǎn)”移動(dòng)得非?？?；E：火山含有大量的堿金屬。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞spreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspots可定位至第三段：Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence（大陸板塊是靜止的最有力的證據(jù)是，在一些熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)，幾個(gè)時(shí)代的熔巖是重疊的，而不是按時(shí)間順序排列的），而該句前面指出：Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit（熱點(diǎn)提供了測(cè)量?jī)x器，可以用來(lái)解決這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：兩個(gè)大陸板塊是朝相反的方向移動(dòng)，還是一個(gè)靜止不動(dòng)而另一個(gè)正遠(yuǎn)離它而漂移）。因此，B項(xiàng)“大陸板塊移動(dòng)了”是正確選項(xiàng)。

27.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：這三個(gè)群島正在向東移動(dòng)；B：三個(gè)島鏈上的所有島嶼都停止了移動(dòng)；C：這三個(gè)島鏈?zhǔn)峭话鍓K運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)果；D：夏威夷群島正以相對(duì)較快的速度從其他兩個(gè)島鏈中撤退；E：南海嶺和土阿莫土海嶺鏈越來(lái)越靠近，而夏威夷群島則保持不變。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge可定位至第第二段：Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain（在某些情況下，板塊經(jīng)過(guò)熱點(diǎn)時(shí)會(huì)留下死火山的痕跡，就像風(fēng)吹過(guò)煙囪時(shí)會(huì)噴出一股濃煙一樣。夏威夷群島似乎就是這樣形成的，由一個(gè)單一的熔巖源從熱點(diǎn)涌出，太平洋板塊大致經(jīng)過(guò)熱點(diǎn)從東到西北，伴隨著一系列年齡不斷增長(zhǎng)的火山，另外兩個(gè)太平洋島鏈——南海嶺和土阿莫土海嶺——平行于夏威夷島鏈的結(jié)構(gòu)）。因此，C項(xiàng)“這三個(gè)島鏈?zhǔn)峭话鍓K運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)果”正確，其余選項(xiàng)均不符合原文所述。

28.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：熱點(diǎn)比大陸和海洋板塊移動(dòng)得更快，原文并未提及；B：熱點(diǎn)是大陸板塊年齡的可靠指標(biāo)，原文并未提及；C：熱點(diǎn)是僅在大陸板塊內(nèi)部發(fā)現(xiàn)的火山活動(dòng)區(qū)，第一段指出：mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface（大多數(shù)熱點(diǎn)位于板塊內(nèi)部深處，并固定在地球表面的深層），原文只是說(shuō)“大多數(shù)”，因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D：太平洋熱點(diǎn)的排列與太平洋島嶼的排列是平行的，原文并未提及；E：非洲和南美洲的海岸線表明，它們可能曾經(jīng)構(gòu)成了一個(gè)單一的大陸，然后沿著一系列熱點(diǎn)斷裂。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞mutability可定位至最后一段最后一句：sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability（因此，熱點(diǎn)活動(dòng)可能會(huì)提出一種理論來(lái)解釋它們的可變性），前面作者指出：Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates…（在某些情況下，大陸板塊可能會(huì)沿著一些裂縫完全斷裂，這樣熱點(diǎn)就會(huì)引發(fā)新的海洋的形成，因此，就像早先的理論解釋了大陸板塊的流動(dòng)性一樣），因此E選項(xiàng)“非洲和南美洲的海岸線表明，它們可能曾經(jīng)構(gòu)成了一個(gè)單一的大陸，然后沿著一系列熱點(diǎn)斷裂”能夠最好證明作者觀點(diǎn)：熱點(diǎn)活動(dòng)可以解釋大陸板塊的可變性。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：在板塊的邊界永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)熱點(diǎn)；B：當(dāng)板塊移動(dòng)到一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)上時(shí)，只有死火山仍然存在；C：并不是所有熱點(diǎn)的熔巖流模式都是一樣的；D：熱點(diǎn)的不動(dòng)性或接近不動(dòng)性尚未得到?jīng)Q定性的證明；E：島嶼不斷變化的形狀使得確定熱點(diǎn)的位置變得困難。題干問(wèn)的是作者認(rèn)為熱點(diǎn)可以用來(lái)重建大陸板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)的論點(diǎn)被以下哪一項(xiàng)駁斥了？根據(jù)題干可定位至第三段：HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily（然而，板塊相對(duì)于地球內(nèi)部的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)并不容易確定）.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit（熱點(diǎn)提供了測(cè)量?jī)x器，可以用來(lái)解決這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：兩個(gè)大陸板塊是朝相反的方向移動(dòng)，還是一個(gè)靜止不動(dòng)而另一個(gè)正遠(yuǎn)離它而漂移）.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence（大陸板塊是靜止不動(dòng)的最有力證據(jù)是，在一些熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)，不同年代的熔巖是重疊的，而不是按時(shí)間順序分散開(kāi)來(lái)的）.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso（當(dāng)然，從熱點(diǎn)火山的軌跡重建板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)假設(shè)熱點(diǎn)是不動(dòng)的，或者幾乎是不動(dòng)的）。由此可知，熱點(diǎn)的不動(dòng)性或接近不動(dòng)性尚未得到?jīng)Q定性的證明，故選D項(xiàng)。

30.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：戲劇的；B：陳舊的；C：深?yuàn)W難懂的；D：客觀的；E：人道的。題干問(wèn)的是作者的行文風(fēng)格，本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，作者介紹了火山活動(dòng)地區(qū)，即熱點(diǎn)，并且詳細(xì)解釋了它們是如何影響和記錄板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)的。因此作者行文的風(fēng)格可以用“客觀”來(lái)形容，故選D。

6.單選題

Technologyisatwo-edgedsword.Rarelyisthisasclearasitisintherealmofhealthcare.Technologyallowsdoctorstotesttheirpatientsforgeneticdefects—andthentoturnaroundandspreadtheresultsthroughouttheworldviatheInternet.Forsomeoneinneedoftreatment,that’sgoodnews.Butforsomeoneinsearchofajoboraninsurancepolicy,thetidingscanbeallbad.

LastweekPresidentBillClintonproposedacorollarytothepatients’billofrightsnowbeforeCongress:arighttomedicalprivacy.Beginningin2002,underrulessettobecomelawinFebruary,patientswouldbeabletostipulatetheconditionsunderwhichtheirpersonalmedicaldatacouldbedivulged.Thenwouldbeabletoexaminetheirrecordsandmakecorrections.Theycouldlearnwhoelsehadseentheinformation.Improperuseofrecordsbyacaregiverorinsurercouldresultinbothcivilandcriminalpenalties.Theplanwas,saidClinton,“anunprecedentedsteptowardputtingAmericansbackincontroloftheirownmedicalrecords.”

Whiletheadministrationbilledtherulesasanattempttostrikeabalancebetweentheneedsofconsumersandthoseofthehealth-careindustry,neitherdoctorsnorinsurancecompanieswerehappy.Thedoctorssaidtherulescouldactuallyerodeprivacy,pointingtoaprovisionallowingmanaged-careplanstousepersonalinformationwithoutconsentifthepurposewas“health-careoperations.”That,physicianssaid,wasaloopholethroughwhichHMOsandotherinsurerscouldpryintothedoctor-patientrelationship,inthenameofassessingthequalityofcare.Meanwhile,theinsurersprotestedthattheruleswouldmakethemvulnerabletolawsuits.Theywereespeciallydisturbedbyaprovisionholdingthemliableforprivacybreachesby“businesspartners’’suchaslawyersandaccountants.Bothgroupsagreedthatprivacyprotectionswoulddriveupthecostofhealthcarebyatleastanadditional$3.8billion,andmaybemuchmore,overthenextfiveyears.Theyalsocomplainedabouttheincreasedleveloffederalscrutinyrequiredbythenewrules’enforcementprovisions.

Oneaimoftherulesistoreassurepatientsaboutconfidentiality,therebyencouragingthemtobeopenwiththeirdoctors.Todayvariouscancersandsexuallytransmitteddiseasescangountreatedbecausepatientsareafraidofembarrassmentoroflosinginsurancecoverage.Thefearisreal:ClintonaidesnotedthataJanuarypollbyPrincetonSurveyResearchAssociatesfoundthatoneinsixU.S.adultshadatsometimedonesomethingunusualtoconcealmedicalinformation,suchaspayingcashforservices.

51.Theauthorbeginshisarticlewith“technologyisatwo-edgedsword”to____.

52.AccordingtotheproposalmadebyPresidentClinton,patientswillbeabletodothefollowingEXCEPT____.

53.Doctorstendtothinkthattherules____.

54.TheexampleoftheJanuarypollbyPrincetonSurveyResearchAssociatesisusedtoshowthat____.

55.Fromthearticlewecanlearnthat____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.showthatdoctor’simproperuseoftechnologycanendupinbadresults

B.callonpeople’sattentiontothepotentialdangertechnologycanbringtous

C.warnoftheharmpatientsarepronetosuffer

D.showtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftechnology

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.beopenwiththeirdoctors

B.decidehowtousetheirmedicalinformation

C.enjoymorerightstotheirmedicalrecords

D.suetheirinsurersforimproperuseoftheirmedicalrecords

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.mayruindoctor-patientrelationship

B.candomoreharmthangood

C.willpreventdoctorsfromdoingmedicalresearch

D.willendupinmorehealthcarecostandpoorermedicalservice

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.alargeportionofpatientswouldratherleavetheirdiseasesuntreated

B.concealingmedicalinformationiswidespreadintheU.S.

C.Americanpatients’concealmentoftheirmedicalinformationhasbecomeabigconcern

D.payingcashformedicalserviceisacommonpracticeamongAmericanpatients

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Americangovernmentwilltightenitscontrolovertheuseofpatients’personalinformation

B.thenewrulesputinsurersinaverydisadvantageousposition

C.doctorsandinsurersarebothagainsttherulesforthesamereasons

D.patientsareentitledtohavecompletecontroloftheirmedicalinformation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】51.目的意圖題。題干“作者的文章以‘科技是一把雙刃劍’開(kāi)始是為了____”，由此可知，本題問(wèn)的是作者第1段寫“科技是一把雙刃劍”的目的。后文著重寫技術(shù)帶來(lái)的隱患——醫(yī)療信息泄露的問(wèn)題，第2段第1句LastweekPresidentBillClintonproposedacorollarytothepatients’billofrightsnowbeforeCongress:arighttomedicalprivacy.（上周，克林頓總統(tǒng)向國(guó)會(huì)提出了《病人權(quán)利法案》的一個(gè)必然結(jié)果：醫(yī)療隱私權(quán)。）由此可知，作者寫第1段是為了引出下文關(guān)于醫(yī)療隱私權(quán)的問(wèn)題，即互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)可能帶來(lái)的潛在問(wèn)題，B選項(xiàng)“呼吁人們注意技術(shù)可能給我們帶來(lái)的潛在危險(xiǎn)”，表述符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“證明醫(yī)生對(duì)技術(shù)的不當(dāng)使用會(huì)導(dǎo)致不良結(jié)果”，可定位到第1段第2句Technologyallowsdoctorstotesttheirpatientsforgeneticdefects—andthentoturnaroundandspreadtheresultsthroughouttheworldviatheInternet.（技術(shù)允許醫(yī)生檢測(cè)他們的病人的基因缺陷，然后通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將結(jié)果傳遍全世界。）由此可知，科技這把雙刃劍在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域主要涉及醫(yī)療信息的便捷傳播帶來(lái)的影響，這并不是醫(yī)生對(duì)技術(shù)的不當(dāng)使用，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，排除；C選項(xiàng)“提醒病人可能遭受的傷害”，表述不正確，作者側(cè)重將醫(yī)療隱私泄漏的問(wèn)題，與harm“（故意）傷害”還是有點(diǎn)區(qū)別，排除；D選項(xiàng)“展示技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)”，本文作者側(cè)重講技術(shù)的不良影響，該選項(xiàng)關(guān)于表述不夠準(zhǔn)確，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

52.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“根據(jù)克林頓總統(tǒng)的提議，患者還可以進(jìn)行以下操作，除了____”，可定位到第2段。B選項(xiàng)“決定如何使用他們的醫(yī)療信息”，可定位到第2段第2句Beginningin2002,underrulessettobecomelawinFebruary,patientswouldbeabletostipulatetheconditionsunderwhichtheirpersonalmedicaldatacouldbedivulged.（從2002年開(kāi)始，根據(jù)2月即將生效的法規(guī)，病人將有權(quán)規(guī)定透露其個(gè)人醫(yī)療資料的條件。）由此可知，患者可以規(guī)定其信息的使用條件即如何使用他們的信息，選項(xiàng)表述符合原文，排除；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)自己的醫(yī)療記錄享有更多權(quán)利”，可定位到第2段第3、4句Thenwouldbeabletoexaminetheirrecordsandmakecorrections.Theycouldlearnwhoelsehadseentheinformation.（然后就可以檢查他們的記錄并做出更正。他們就能知道還有誰(shuí)看過(guò)這些信息。）由此可知，患者有了檢查并更正自己記錄的權(quán)利，還能知道誰(shuí)看過(guò)這些信息，選項(xiàng)表述符合原文，排除；D選項(xiàng)“起訴他們的保險(xiǎn)公司濫用他們的醫(yī)療記錄”，可定位到原文第2段第5句Improperuseofrecordsbyacaregiverorinsurercouldresultinbothcivilacriminalpenalties.（護(hù)理人員或保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)記錄的不當(dāng)使用可能導(dǎo)致民事或刑事處罰。）由此可知，患者有權(quán)起訴他們的保險(xiǎn)公司濫用他們的醫(yī)療記錄，選項(xiàng)表述與原文一致，排除。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)他們的醫(yī)生開(kāi)誠(chéng)布公”，可定位到最后一段第1句Oneaimoftherulesistoreassurepatientsaboutconfidentiality,therebyencouragingthemtobeopenwiththeirdoctors.（新規(guī)定的目的是為了讓病人對(duì)自己的隱私放心，從而鼓勵(lì)他們對(duì)醫(yī)生開(kāi)誠(chéng)布公。）由此可知，鼓勵(lì)患者對(duì)醫(yī)生開(kāi)誠(chéng)布公是目的，而不是克林頓的題議，選項(xiàng)表述符合題意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

53.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“醫(yī)生傾向于認(rèn)為（克林頓的）規(guī)定____”，可定位到第3段第2、3句Thedoctorssaidtherulescouldactuallyerodeprivacy,…That,physicianssaid,wasaloopholethroughwhichHMOsandotherinsurerscouldpryintothedoctor-patientrelationship,…（醫(yī)生們認(rèn)為，這些規(guī)定實(shí)際上可能會(huì)侵犯隱私，……醫(yī)生們認(rèn)為，這是一個(gè)漏洞，醫(yī)療保健機(jī)構(gòu)(HMO)和其他保險(xiǎn)公司窺探醫(yī)患關(guān)系……）由此可知，醫(yī)生認(rèn)為規(guī)定的弊端更明顯，B選項(xiàng)“弊大于利”表述符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)破壞醫(yī)患關(guān)系”表述錯(cuò)誤，不是會(huì)破壞醫(yī)患關(guān)系，而是保險(xiǎn)公司可能會(huì)窺探醫(yī)患關(guān)系，排除；C選項(xiàng)“會(huì)阻止醫(yī)生進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)研究”、D選項(xiàng)“最終會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用和更差的醫(yī)療服務(wù)”原文并未提及，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

54.目的意圖題。題干“關(guān)于普林斯頓調(diào)查委員會(huì)1月份民調(diào)的例子是用來(lái)表明____”，可定位到最后一段。最后一段，第1句內(nèi)容：這些規(guī)定的目的之一是讓病人對(duì)自己的隱私放心，從而鼓勵(lì)他們對(duì)醫(yī)生開(kāi)誠(chéng)布公；第2句內(nèi)容：各種癌癥和性傳播疾病都可能得不到治療，因?yàn)榛颊吆ε聦擂位蚴ケｋU(xiǎn)。最后一句即這個(gè)例子：Thefearisreal:ClintonaidesnotedthataJanuarypoll…,suchapayingcashforservices.（這種擔(dān)憂是真實(shí)存在的：克林頓的助手指出，普林斯頓調(diào)查研究協(xié)會(huì)今年1月進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，六分之一的美國(guó)成年人曾做過(guò)一些不同尋常的事情來(lái)隱瞞醫(yī)療信息，比如用現(xiàn)金購(gòu)買醫(yī)療服務(wù)。）由此可知，患者因?yàn)楹ε聦擂位蚴ケｋU(xiǎn)，而隱瞞病情，導(dǎo)致有些特殊疾病得不到治療（這是一個(gè)問(wèn)題），而民調(diào)的這個(gè)例子說(shuō)明，美國(guó)人中這種害怕真實(shí)存在，即有很多美國(guó)人這么做，C選項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)，病人對(duì)醫(yī)療信息的隱瞞已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)大問(wèn)題”，表述符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“很多病人寧愿不治療他們的疾病”，表述錯(cuò)誤，患者們不是寧愿不治療，而是害怕尷尬或失去保險(xiǎn)，排除；干擾選項(xiàng)B“隱瞞醫(yī)療信息在美國(guó)很普遍”，表述不完整，不僅僅是隱瞞醫(yī)療信息很普遍，更重要的是隱瞞這些信息導(dǎo)致各種癌癥和性傳播疾病可能得不到治療，排除；D選項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)病人中，用現(xiàn)金支付醫(yī)療服務(wù)是一種常見(jiàn)的做法”，這只是民調(diào)中的一個(gè)例子，不是作者寫這個(gè)民調(diào)的目的，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

55.判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)政府將加強(qiáng)對(duì)患者個(gè)人信息使用的控制”，可定位到第2段第1句LastweekPresidentBillClintonproposedacorollarytothepatients’billofrightsnowbeforeCongress:arighttomedicalprivacy.（上周，克林頓總統(tǒng)向國(guó)會(huì)提出了《病人權(quán)利法案》的一個(gè)必然結(jié)果：醫(yī)療隱私權(quán)。）由此可知，美國(guó)政府計(jì)劃通過(guò)新的法案加強(qiáng)對(duì)醫(yī)療隱私權(quán)的規(guī)定，根據(jù)法案內(nèi)容可知，規(guī)定都是關(guān)于醫(yī)療信息使用的。選項(xiàng)表述符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“新規(guī)定使保險(xiǎn)公司處于非常不利的地位”，可定位到原文第3段第4句theinsurersprotestedthattheruleswouldmakethemvulnerabletolawsuits.（保險(xiǎn)公司抗議說(shuō)，這些規(guī)定將使他們?nèi)菀资艿皆V訟。）第5句Theywereespeciallydisturbedbyaprovisionholdingthemliableforprivacybreachesby“businesspartners’’suchaslawyersandaccountants.（他們尤其感到不安的是，有一項(xiàng)條款要求他們對(duì)律師和會(huì)計(jì)師等“商業(yè)伙伴”的隱私侵犯負(fù)責(zé)。）由此可知，新規(guī)定對(duì)保險(xiǎn)公司的行為增加了限制，但這是為了規(guī)范他們的行為，保護(hù)隱私權(quán)，不能證明保險(xiǎn)公司處于不利地位，除非這家保險(xiǎn)公司想做一些違反規(guī)定的事情。選項(xiàng)表述不符合原文，排除；C選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生和保險(xiǎn)公司都因?yàn)橥瑯拥脑蚨`反規(guī)定”，可定位到原文第3段。根據(jù)這段內(nèi)容可知，醫(yī)生和保險(xiǎn)公司因?yàn)橐恍┎煌脑蚨紝?duì)規(guī)定不滿，并且都認(rèn)為該規(guī)定會(huì)增加醫(yī)療保健成本，都抱怨增加政府的審查。由此可知，沒(méi)有依據(jù)表明他們因?yàn)橄嗤脑蚨`反規(guī)定，選項(xiàng)表述不符合原文，排除；D選項(xiàng)“患者有權(quán)完全控制自己的醫(yī)療信息”，可定位到第2段最后一句Theplaywas,saidClinton,“anunprecedentedsteptowardputtingAmericansbackincontroloftheirownmedicalrecords.”（克林頓說(shuō)，這是“讓美國(guó)人重新掌握自己的醫(yī)療記錄的前所未有的一步”。）由此可知，這只是美國(guó)人重新掌握自己的醫(yī)療記錄的一大步，還不能完全控制，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.

EnergyMinisterCharlesHendryannouncedlastweekthatconvertingtheplutonium(钚)toMOX(mixed-oxidefuel)wasstilltheplan,butanew￡3billion(US$4.7billion)plantwouldonlybebuiltifitcouldbeshownthatitwasbothaffordableandofferedvalueformoney.Althoughatfirstglancethismayseemfiscallyprudent,whentakenwithotherrecenteventsitstartstolooknonsensical.JustafewweeksagotheNDA(theNuclearDecommissioningAuthority),respondingtothegovernment’sownrequesttoconsiderhowtodealwiththestockpile,advisedthatthecostofmakingMOXisgreaterthanitsvalueasafuel.Andtherefore,themostcost-effectiveplanwouldbetocontinuestoringtheplutoniumuntilageologicaldisposalfacilitybecomesavailableforittobeburiedunderground.Sowhat’sgoingon?Tomakesenseofitall,NaturepeersthroughthelookingglassoftheBritishnuclearindustry.

【答案】能源部長(zhǎng)查爾斯?亨得利上周宣布，將钚轉(zhuǎn)化為MOX（混合氧化物燃料）仍然在計(jì)劃中，但是只有在能負(fù)擔(dān)得起和有收益的情況下，才會(huì)建造一項(xiàng)新的30億英磅（47億美元）的工廠。盡管乍一看，這在財(cái)政上似乎是謹(jǐn)慎的，但與最近發(fā)生的其他事件相結(jié)合，就開(kāi)始顯得荒謬了。就在幾周前，NDA（核退役管理局）回應(yīng)了政府自己提出的考慮如何處理庫(kù)存的請(qǐng)求，建議制造MOX的成本大于其作為燃料的價(jià)值。因此，最經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的計(jì)劃將是繼續(xù)儲(chǔ)存钚，直到有地質(zhì)處理設(shè)施可以將其埋在地下為止。那么到底發(fā)生了什么？為了弄清這一切，《自然》透過(guò)英國(guó)核工業(yè)的鏡子審視了這一切。

8.單選題

UnlessyoulivedthroughtheEisenhowerera,itmaybehardtoimaginetheimpactoftheon-screensightofsneeringhigh-schoolstudentschallengingadultswithswitch-blades.Butin1950sAmerica,killingwasstillseenassomethingrareandhorrible,somethingdonebysoldiersinbattle,bylawmen,bygangsters,orbytheoccasionalpsychopath.

Homicidesinmovies,eventhoseconsideredviolent,wereinfrequent.Thosefilmspresentedjuveniledelinquencymoreasthethreadofrebellionanddisobediencethanofoutrightviolence.

TheideaofAmericanteenagersaskillerswasbeyondcompression.Thechangein1957whenawaveofteen-street-gangkillinginNewYorkCity(22inthefirstsixmonthsoftheyear)spurredtheemergencydeploymentofsixhundredPoliceAcademycadetsinawaronteenstreetcrime.Thoughteenviolencesoonlostitsplaceinnewsheadlinestoothercrises,itdidnotgoaway.

Thirty-fiveyearslaterAmericaisinthegripofaviolenceepidemicthathastransformedthecountryintooneofthemostdangerousnationsonearth.Thenationalhomiciderate,correctedforpopulationgrowth,increasedalmostexactly100percentfrom1950to1990.Inmajorcitiestheincreasehasbeenmuchhigher.InLosAngelesCountythe1953homicidetotalwas82.In1992,withapopulationalmostdoubled,thetotalwas2,512一anincreaseofover1,000percent.Thesearestaggeringincreasebyanymeasure,withtheone-yeartollforL.A.CountyexceedingthedeathsinoverfifteenyearsofconflictinNorthernIreland.

Youthcrimeaccountsforadisproportionatenumberofthesekillings.That’smorethantwicethenumberrecordedadecadeearlier,reflectingthefact,accordingtoFBIreports,thatthenumberofyouthswhocommittedmurderwithgunswasup79percentinonedecade.Clearlysomethinghasgonehorriblywrong.Inlookingforarootcause,oneofthemostobviousdifferencesinthesocialandculturalfabricbetweenpost-WorldWarIIandpre-WorldWarIIAmericaisthemassiveandpervasiveexposureofAmericanyouthtotelevision.Sincethe1950s,behavioralscientistsandmedicalresearchershavebeenexaminingscreenviolenceasapossiblecausativeelementinAmerica’sspiralingviolentcrimerate.Thereiscompellingevidenceofadirect,demonstrablelink.HomicidehasbecomethesecondleadingcauseamongAfrican-Americanyouth.In1992theUSsurgeongeneralcitedviolenceastheleadingcauseofinjurytowomenaged15to44,andtheUSCentersforDiseaseControlconsiderviolenceapublichealthissue,tobetreatedasanepidemic.

1.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

3.Amajorreasonforyouthcrimeincreaseis（）.

4.Itisafact,in1992,that（）.

5.Theword“spiraling”（Para.5）iscloseinmeaningto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fromthe1950sonhigh-schoolstudentshavebeenathreattothesafetyofadults

B.inthe1950sonlysomegun-menusedgunasweapons

C.itwasinthelate1950sthatviolencewasfrequent

D.youthcrimebeganinthe1950s

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereweremorethan22killingsofteenagersinNewYork,in1957.

B.Thewaveofteenmurderurgedpolicementotakeaquickaction.

C.ViolencewassoemergentthatevensixhundredstudentsofPoliceAcademywereturnedtoforhelp.

D.SixhundredstudentsofPoliceAcademywereinvolvedinthestreetcrime.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.populationgrowstoomuch

B.youngpeopleareexposedtoomuchtoscreenviolence

C.violenceisapublicissue

D.theeconomicbackground

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.populationinLosAngeleswasof2,512people

B.homicidetotaled352inLosAngeles

C.homicideroseupto2,512inLosAngeles

D.populationinLosAngeleswasover1,512

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.moving

B.changing

C.rising

D.falling

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知沒(méi)有提及高中生對(duì)成年人的安全構(gòu)成威脅,所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)B在文中也沒(méi)有提及;根據(jù)二三段的內(nèi)容,在20世紀(jì)50年代的美國(guó)很難想象青少年犯罪,然而確實(shí)發(fā)生了,“TheideaofAmericanteenagersaskillerswasbeyondcompression.”由此可以推斷,選項(xiàng)D正確