考研英語二閱讀理解真題

2019考研英語二閱讀理解真題今天小編為大家提供2019考研英語二閱讀理解真題，考研英語閱讀理解分為四部分，一起來看看吧！希望這些題目都難不倒你！2019考研英語二閱讀理解真題textl TextlUnlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemerges

littlelater,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren'tbom

knowinghowtosay"I'msorry”；rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsfriendsandtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,inthe

rightamount,tobeagoodthing.Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabad

rap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortableit'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.

Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated."Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhat

guiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversity

ofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren'tbinary-feelings

thatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,

mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.Andguilt,by

promptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeUPforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itiskindofsocialglue.Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.In

numberofstudies,MaltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwayscooperationandsharingSomekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshorfallby

experiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstitute

forlowguilt.Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244childrenUsingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencyto

negativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachance

sharedthemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn't

magicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild'sdeprivation"That'sgoodnews,"Maltisays."We

canbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret,“英語二閱讀題.Researchersthinkthatguitcanbe

goodthingbecauseitmayhelp A)fosterachild'smoraldevelopmentB)regulateachild'sbasic

emontionsimproveachild'sintellectualabilityD)intensityachild'spositivefeelings.Accordingtoparagraph2,many

peoplestillconsiderguilttobe inexcusabledeceptionaddictiveburdensome23.Vaishholdthattherethinking

aboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthatA)emotionsaircontext-independentB)anemotioncanplayopposingrolesC)emotionaresocially

constructiveD)emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth2019考研英語二閱讀理解真題text2 Text2Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharder

challengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakup

goodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.

Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbon

thantheyabsorb.Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.

Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacityto

sequestercarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,in

figuringoutthedetails.Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoung

treesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest,includingbycontrolledburning.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterable

tofendoffbarkbeetles.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesscombustible.Evenintheeventof

fire,fewertreesareconsumed.Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,drought

beetleshavekilledmorethan100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,wildfireshavescorchedhundredsofthousandsofacres.Califomia'splanenvisionstreating35,000acresofforestayear

by2020,and60,000by2030—financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That'sonlysmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,anestimatedhalfamillionacresall,soitwillbeimportanttoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawaytheformofsolidlumber,burnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels,

orusedincompostoranimalfeed.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisunderway,andthe

stateplanstoencouragelumberproductionclosetoforestlands.Infuturethestateproposestotake

aninventoryofitsforests'carbon-storingcapacityeveryfiveyears.Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,

includingthoseownedbytheU.S.ForestService,buttraditionallythey'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunities

forrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplay

instoringcarbon.California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernorearlynextyear,

shouldserveasamodel.26.“Oneoftheharderchallenges^^impliesglobalclimatechangemay

getoutofcontrolforestsmaybecomeapotentialthreatpeoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

extremeweatherconditionsmayarise27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks",wemayneedto

A.preservediversityofspecieslowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacityacceleratethegrowthofyoungtreesD.

strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants28.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorstorestoreitsforestsquickly

afterwildfires.B.cultivatemoredroughtresistanttrees.C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsectsD.reduce

thedensityofsomeofitsforests29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtopara.5?

A.ToobtainenoughfinancialsupportTocarryitoutbefore2020Tohandletheareas

intheseriousdangerfirstToperfecttheemission-permitauctions3O.theauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'splancan

bebestdescribedassupportiveambiguoustolerantcautiousText2019考研英語二閱讀理解真題text3Text3Americanfarmershavebeen

complainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyearsnow.Givenamulti-yeardeclineinillegalimmigration,and

similarlysustainedpickupintheU.S.jobmarket,thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaul

ofimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.Effortstocreateamorestraightforwardagricultural-workersvisathatwouldenableforeign

workerstostaylongerintheU.S.andchangejobswithintheindustryhavesofarfailed

inCongress.Ifthisdoesn'tchange,Americanbusinesses,communitiesandconsumerswillbethelosers.Perhapshalfof

U.S.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.AsfewersuchworkersentertheU.S.,thecharacteristicsofthe

agriculturalworkforcearechanging.Today'sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlybominMexico,aremorelikelyto

besettled,ratherthanmigrating,andmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle.Theyarealsoaging.

Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswereovertheageof35.

Now,morethanhalfare.Andcroppickingishardonolderbodies.Oneoft-debatedcureforthis

laborshortageremainsasimplausibleasithasbeenallalong:NativeU.S.workerswon'tbereturning

tothefarm.Inastudypublishedin2013,economistMichaelClemensanalyzed15yearsofdataon

NorthCarolina'sfarm-labormarketandconcluded,“Thereisvirtuallynosupplyofnativemanualfarmlaborers^^instate.Thiswastrueeveninthedepthsofasevererecession.Mechanizationisnottheanswereither——notyetatleast.Productionofcorn,cotton,rice,soybeansandwheathavebeenlargelymechanized,but

manyhigh-value,labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,whererobotscurrentlydoonly

smallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforetheyareautomated.Asaresult,

farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusingtheH-2Avisatofillthegaps

intheagriculturalworkforce.Startingaround2012,requestsforthevisasrosesharply;from2011to2016

numberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork,whichislimitedto66,000annually.Evenso,employersfrequentlycomplainthatthey

arentallottedalltheworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensiveandunreliable.Onesurveyfound

thatbureaucraticdelaysledH-2Aworkerstoarriveonthejobanaverageof22dayslate.

Andtheshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,whichremovesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.Petitioning

eachyearforlaborers—andhopingthegovernmentprovidesenough,andthattheyarriveontime——isnoway

torunabusiness.Ina2012surveybytheCaliforniaFarmBureau,71percentoftree-fruit

growersandnearly80percentofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.Some

westerngrowershaverespondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.Withoutreliableaccesstoareliableworkforce,moregrowers

willbetemptedtomovesouth.AccordingtoareportbythePartnershipforaNewAmericanEconomy,

Americansareconsumingmorefreshproduce,whichisgood.Butarisingshareofitisgrown

elsewhere.In1998-2000,14.5percentofthefruitAmericansconsumedwasimported.Littlemorethandecade

later,theshareofimportedfruithadincreasedto25.8percent.RuralU.S.communitiesthatmighthave

benefiteddidn,t.Ineffect,theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.

TheU.S.needsasimpler,streamlined,multi-yearvisaforagriculturalworkers,accompaniedbymeasurestoguardagainstexploitationandaviablepathtoU.S.residencyforworkerswhomeettherequirements.Otherwisegrowerscontinuetostrugglewithshortagesanduncertainty,andthecountryasawholewillloseout.Whatproblem

shouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A.discriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.B.

biasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.C.flawsinUSimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.D.

declineofjobopportunitiesinUSagriculture.OnetroublewithUS.Agricultureworkforceis therising

numberofillegalimmigrants.thehighmobilityofcropworkers.thelackofexperiencedlabors.D.

theagingofimmigrantfarmworkers.Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinUS

farming?A.Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.B.TogetnativeUSworkersbacktofanning.

c.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.D.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfamers.Agriculture

employerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits?A.slowgrantingprocedures.B.limitondurationofstay.

c.tightenedrequirements.D.controlofannualadmissions.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitle

forthistext?A.USAgricultureinDecline.B.ImportFoodorLabor?C.AmericaSavedbyMexico?D.

Manpowervs.Automation?2019考研英語二閱讀理解真題text4 Text4ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:It'seasytobeatplastic.They'repartofabunchofcelebritiesstaringinanewvideoWorldEnvironmentDay-encouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-usePlasticstaplestocombattheplastic

crisis.Ifonlyrarealizedthatwecanbuyourwayoutoftheproblemexceptwecant.ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydoincludeacallgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-usplastics.Buttheoverarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals:Lead

withyourwallets.Theproblemofperpetuatingthisindividualisticnarrativeisthatit'snotgoingtogetus

veryfarandtheplasticscrisiswefaceisimmense.Ouroceansareblightedbythestuff.

It'sinourdrinkingwater(includingbottledwater),andwecouldevenbebreathingitin.I'mnot

dismissingindividualactionslikeorderingstraw-freedrinksatbars,oroptingforareusablewaterbottleover

cupthat'sgoinginthetrashassoonasyou'veusedit.Ican'timaginenot

atleasttryingtominimizemyownplasticsfootprint,whetherit'slugginghomemynewly-refilledgallonbottle

ofwashing-upliquideveryfewmonths,orbuyingpackaging-freefood,clothingandtoiletrieswherepossible.Ontheirown,

however,noneofthesethingsisenough.Partofmyworryaboutleavingituptotheindividual

ISthatwe'realljustguessingatwhat'sgoingonoutthere-andthat'sifwehaven'tbeen

scaredofffromdoinganythingtostartwithinthefaceofsuchahugechallenge.As

consumers,wehavelittleideaabouthowmuchplastichasbeenusedanddiscardedalongthesupply

chain,forexample.It'salsohardtocompare,say,goingtoabulkstorethatsellsplastic-freeproductsbutrequiresyoutodrivesomedistanceversusamoreIccalshopwhereyoumayuptakinghomesomepackageditems.There'salsoatimeandcostissue.Realistically,I'mnotgoingstartmakingmyownlaundrydetergentssoIcanavoidtheplasticbottlestheycomein,therecanbeextracostsassociatedwithenvironmentallyfriendlyproducts.Mybiggestconcernwithleavingitup

theindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseofwhatneedstobeachievedOntheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreorquittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittle

requireverylittleofus.Theycouldevenbedetrimental,satisfyinganeedtohave"done

bit"withouteverprogressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactions---akindof"morallicensing"thatallays

concernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.Whiletheconversationaround

environmentandourresponsibilitytowarditremainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we'reignoringthebalance

ofpowerthatimpliesthatas"consumers"wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas"citizens"hold

governmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.NowhereinWorldEnvironmentDay2018'skeymessagesisthereanythingaboutvotingforenvironmentallyprogressivepoliticians,forexample.Whynot?It'simportantto

acknowledgethattheenvironmentisn'teveryone'spriority-orevenmostpeople's.Weshouldn'texpectittobe.In

herlatestbook,WhyCouldPeopleDoBadEnvironmentalThings,WellesleyCollegeprofessorElizabethR.DeSombre

arguethatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersofpeopleisfor

thechangetobestructural.Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthatadds

costtoenvironmentallyproblematicaction,orbann