級大學(xué)英語新視野第二冊第二三單元單詞與詞組

2011級大學(xué)英語新視野第二冊第二三單元單詞與詞組第二單元SectionApat vt.touchsb.orsth.lightlyandrepeatedlywithaflathand輕拍Theteacherpattedthestudentonhisshoulder,encouraginghimtotryhardernexttime.老師在學(xué)生的肩膀上拍了拍，鼓勵他下次更加努力些。Thelittleboyfeltuncomfortablewheneverpeoplepattedhimonthehead.每次人們拍他的頭時，小男孩總是感到不舒服。n.[C]afriendlyactoftouchingsb.orsth.withaflathand輕拍Jimusedtogivehisdogapatbeforeheleftforworkinthemorning.吉姆以前常常在早上離家上班前拍拍他的狗。Mybossgavemeapatonthebacktoshowhissatisfactionwithmywork.老板在我背上拍了一下，以示對我的工作很滿意。presence n.[U]thefactorstateofbeingpresent在場；出席Yourpresenceisrequested.敬請光臨。Ishouldhavedressedmyselfmoreformallytonight.Iwishnobodywouldnoticemypresence!今晚我本該穿得更正式些的。真希望沒有人會注意到我的存在！promising a.showingsignsofbeingsuccessfulinthefuture有前途的；有希望的Thepromisingstudentcouldn*tgoonwithhisstudiesbecausehisfamilywastoopoortoaffordit.因為家境貧窮無法供他求學(xué)，這個本來很有前途的學(xué)生無法繼續(xù)讀書了。Iwouldliketoworkinapromisingcompanylikeyours.我希望在如貴公司一樣有前途的公司里就職。amateur a.doingsth.justforpleasure; notprofessional業(yè)余的Myelderbrotherisan amateurphotographer,buthereallytakesverynicepictures.我哥哥是個業(yè)余攝影師，但他拍的照片真的很棒。Theamateurfootballplayersmeettwiceaweekforpractice.這些業(yè)余足球運動員每周集訓(xùn)兩次。n.[C]sb.whodoessth.justforpleasure業(yè)余愛好者Onlyamateurswillbeallowedtoparticipateinthismatch.只有業(yè)余愛好者才能參加此項比賽。Someamateurscanperformatsuchahighlevelthatevenprofessionalssinghighpraiseforthem.有些業(yè)余愛好者表現(xiàn)得非常好，即使那些專業(yè)人員都對他們大加贊嘆。session n.1.[C]aperiodoftimeusedforaparticularpurpose（從事某項活動的）一段時間Therewillbeaquestion-and-answersessionbeforetheflnalexamination.期末考試前會有一堂答疑課。Canyougettwoticketsfortheguitarsession?你能弄到兩張吉它演奏會的門票嗎？2. [C]aformalmeeting會議Thisyear*ssessionofCongresswasunusuallylong.今年國會的會期特別長。CanyoutellmewhenthenextsessionofParliamentwillbegin?你能告訴我議會下一次會議何時召開嗎？amusing a.abletomakepeoplelaughorsmile;interesting有趣的Hisamusinganswermadeallofuslaugh.他有趣的回答把我們大家都逗笑了。Ididn'tevensmileafterhetoldhisjoke.Ididn'tfinditamusingatall.他講完笑話后我甚至都沒微笑一下。我覺得那一點都不有趣。lower vt.1.reducesth.inamount,price,degree,strength,etc.減少；降低Thepricewillbeloweredfrom$150to$100toattractmorecustomers.為了吸引更多的顧客，價格將從150美元降到100美元。Thebabyhasjustfallenasleep.Wouldyoupleaseloweryourvoice?寶寶剛?cè)胨?，你能聲音輕些嗎？2.movesb.orsth.downfromahigherposition降下Nationalflagswereloweredtohalf-mastinmemoryofthisgreatman.國旗下半旗以紀念這位偉人。Theoldmanloweredhishandsothatthepigeonscouldeatthecornoutofhispalm.老人把手放低了些，讓鴿子能吃到他掌心的玉米粒。anniversary n.[C|adateonwhichsth.specialorimportanthappenedinapreviousyear周年紀念日Thecouplewerethinkingofaromanticdinnerfortheirweddinganniversary.夫婦倆正考慮去吃一頓浪漫的晚餐來慶祝結(jié)婚周年紀念日。Itwillbethe50thanniversaryofthefoundationofthisnationtomorrow.明天將是這個國家建立五十周年紀念日。woolen a.(BrEwoollen)madeofwool羊毛的romantic a.relatingtofeelingsofloveoralovingrelationship浪漫的Thewomanwriterisfamousforherromanticlovestories.這為女作家因她所著的浪漫愛情小說而聞名。Everythinglookedquiteromanticunderthenightskydottedwiththousandsofstars.在繁星點點的夜空下，一切都顯得很浪漫。gratitude n.[U]thefeelingofbeinggrateful感激；謝意IshowedmygratitudetoSusanbysendingheraboxofchocolate.我給蘇珊送了盒巧克力以示謝意。Ioweadebtofgratitudetoyou.Icouldn*thaveachievedanythingwithoutyoursupport.我真得感謝你們。沒有你們的支持，我不可能做成任何事情。perceptivity n.[U]theabilityofbeingquicktonoticeandunderstand知覺；理解力Youcanalwayssenseherperceptivitywhenevershemakescomments onsomething.每次她就某事發(fā)表評論時，你總能感覺到她敏銳的洞察力。Thewriterisworthadmiringfor hisoutstandingperceptivity andmemory.這位作家因其超群的洞察力和記憶力而值得欽佩。massive a.largeinsize,quantity,degree,etc.大的；嚴重的Theymademassiveeffortstocarryouttheresearchwithlimitedbudget.他們作了大量的努力，用有限的預(yù)算進行著研究。Iwasimpressedbythemassivewallssurroundingthatancientcity.環(huán)繞古城四周的高大的圍墻給我留下了深刻的印象。fatigue vt.makesb.tired使疲勞Having beenclimbingthemountainfortwohours,weallfeltfatigued.我們已經(jīng)連續(xù)爬了兩小時的山，都感到很疲憊。Wheneverhefeltfatigued,hegotangryeasily.他每次感覺疲憊時都很容易發(fā)怒。n.[U]greattiredness疲乏，疲勞Thegirllookedpalewithfatigueafterthelongjourney.長途跋涉之后，那女孩因疲憊而臉色蒼白。IranforanothertwokilometersbeforeIstoppedbecauseoffatigue.我在感覺疲憊而停下來之前，又跑了兩千米。clearing n.[C]asmallareawheretherearenotrees,esp.inaforest（林中）空地Theyfoundaclearingintheforestandtookarestthere.他們在森林中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一小塊空地，在那里休息了一下。approximatelyad.about;nearly大約，大概Shehaslostapproximately10poundssinceImetherlasttime.從我上次遇見她后，她已經(jīng)減了大約十磅體重。Thetrainwillarriveinapproximatelyfiveminutes.火車大概五分鐘后到達。breeze n.[C]alightwind微風(fēng)，和風(fēng)Colorfulflagsdancedinthebreeze.微風(fēng)中彩旗飄舞。Thewarmspringbreezekissestheearthandthegreengrassgrows.和煦的春風(fēng)親吻大地，綠草兒長了出來。powder n.[C,U]akindofsubstanceintheformofveryfinedrygrains粉末；粉狀物fuss v.(about,over)complainoversmallmatters(因〃、事)抱怨；小題大做I*mafraidyou*refussingtoomuchaboutyourhealth.Justfollowthedoctor*sadviceandyou'llbefine.恐怕你過于關(guān)注你的健康了。聽從醫(yī)生的建議，你的身體就不會有問題的。Don'tfuss;wewillsolvethisproblemforyouimmediately.不要大驚小怪的，我們會馬上替你解決這個問題。n.[sing.,U]alotofunnecessaryworryorexcitementaboutsth.小題大做；大驚小怪Whyareyoumakingsomuchfussoverlosing100yuan?你為什么對丟了100元錢如此小題大做呢？Whyisshesoexcited?Shemustbemakingafussaboutnothingagain.她為什么這么激動？肯定又是在為一些無謂的事情大驚小怪。indifferent a.(to)notinterestedin;notcaring漠不關(guān)心的；冷漠的Seeinghissickmotherlyingonthebed,hismannerwasratherindifferent.看到他生病的母親躺在床上，他的態(tài)度十分冷漠。Manygirlswearskirtsinthewinter,seemingindifferenttothecold.很多女孩在冬天穿著裙子，看上去對寒冷毫不在意。rebel vi.(against)fightagainstsb.inauthorityoragainstanideaorsituation造反；反叛；反抗Thepoorrebelledagainsttheemperorbutweredefeatedquitesoon.窮人起來反抗皇帝，但很快就被鎮(zhèn)壓了。Herparentswantedhertobecomeadoctor,butsherebelledandwenttostudyinanormaluniversity.她父母希望她能當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生，但她卻不聽從他們的意見上了一所師范大學(xué)。n.[C]apersonwhorebels造反者，反叛者，反抗者Noonewouldbelievethatthepriestwasoneoftheanti-governmentrebels.沒有人會相信神父是反政府分子的一員。Dukeiskindofarebel;heneverdoesathingthewaymostpeopledoit.杜克是個叛逆者；他從來不以大多數(shù)人的方式做事。rebellious a.opposingpeopleinauthorityorrulesofbehavior反叛的；反抗的Theexperiencedteacherknewhowtodealwithsomestudents*rebelliousbehavior.這個經(jīng)驗豐富的老師知道怎樣處理有些學(xué)生叛逆性的行為。Ifyoujustswearatyourboywheneverhedoessomethingwrong,hemightbecomemoreandmorerebellious.如果你兒子每次做了錯事后你只是對他加以責(zé)罵，他可能變得越來越叛逆。bachelor n.1.[C]anunmarriedman未婚男子Idon*tliketheideaofgettingmarried,soIwillremainabachelorallmylife.我不喜歡結(jié)婚，所以我會一輩子單身。Sherentedabachelorflatandsettleddown.她租了套單身公寓，安頓了下來。2. [C]afirstuniversitydegree學(xué)±（學(xué)位）aBachelorofScience理學(xué)士aBachelorofArts文學(xué)土low-budget a.notspendingmuchmoney預(yù)算低的；花費不多的Lucyisplanningforalow-budgettriparoundEuropethissummerholiday.露西正計劃今年暑假花不多的錢去歐洲旅游一趟。Thoughtheyarenotrich,Lesleysetasidesomemoneyeverymonthforalow-budgetdinneroutside,whichwasagreatpleasureforthewholefamily.雖然他們并不富裕，萊

斯莉每月都留出一點錢大家出去吃一頓花費不太大的晚餐，這對全家人來說都是一件開心的事。shift v.changepositionordirection;movefromoneplacetoanother轉(zhuǎn)移；移動；變換Julieshiftedherpositionslightlyandsmiled.朱莉稍微換了一下姿勢，笑了。Theemphasishasshiftedinrecentyears.最近幾年重點發(fā)生了變化。makeshift a.usedatthetimebecausethereisnothingbetter權(quán)宜的；暫時的Hecouldn*tHndhiswaybeforeitgotdark,sohedecidedtoAndamakeshiftshelterforthenight.他無法在天黑前找到路，所以決定先找個臨時的過夜之處。Thisisjustamakeshiftplanforthemoment;wemayworkoutabetterone.這只是個臨時計劃，我們可能還會制訂更好的。vt.putthattheystackthingssovt.putthattheystandoneontopofanother堆放Thepostmanwasstackingthepackagesupagainstthewall.郵遞員正把包裹靠墻堆放起來。Wejustmovedin,sothefloorisstillstackedwithboxes.我們剛搬進來，所以地板上還到處堆放著箱子。sticky a.madeoforcontainingmaterialwhichcansticktosth.else黏的;黏性的Themotheraskedherboynottotouchherskirtwithhisstickyfingers.媽媽讓兒子別用黏糊糊的手指碰她的裙子。Yourhandwillgetstickyifyouholdchocolateinit.如果你把巧克力拿在手里，手會發(fā)黏的。assert vt.stateordeclaresth.firmly斷言；聲稱Adaassertedthattheshortmanwastheonewhoattackedherthatnight.埃達斷言那個矮個子男人就是那天晚上襲擊她的人。Themanassertedhisinnocence,butIdidn*tthinkhewasworthtrusting.那個男人堅持說自己是無辜的，可我認為他不值得信任。napkin n.[C]餐巾(紙)It'simportanttomakeproperuseofnapkininaformaldinner.正式的宴會上，正確使用餐巾十分重要。swear (swore,sworn)vi.(at)curse咒罵Thebosssworeatthewaitresswhenshebrokeaplate.女服務(wù)員打破了一只盤子，老板就咒罵起她來。Themansworeatthedogbarkingathim.男人咒罵著對他吼叫的狗。vt.makeapromisetodosth.發(fā)誓Allsoldierssworetofightfortheindependenceoftheirnation.所有的士兵宣誓為國家的獨立而戰(zhàn)。Themaidsworeshewouldnevertellthesecrettoanybody.女仆發(fā)誓永遠不會把這個秘密告訴任何人。damn a.該死的；討厭的Ican'topenthedamnwindow.我打不開這該死的窗戶。unfair a.notrightorjust不公平的；不公正的Itisunfairthatallofusgotpunishedforthemistakemadebyoneofus.我們因為一個人犯錯而全體受罰，很不公平。Angeredbytheunfairtreatment,theyaskedforanapology.不公正待遇使得他們很生氣，要求對方賠禮道歉。outburst n.[C]asuddenexpressionofastrongemotion,esp.anger爆發(fā)Hearinganoutburstofweepingfromtheneighboringapartment,Irealizedthehusbandwasabusinghiswifeagain.聽到隔壁公寓里傳出一陣抽泣聲，我意識到那個丈夫又在虐待自己的妻子了。Iknockedatmysisters* room,wonderingwhathadcausedanoutburstoflaughterthere.我敲了敲姐妹們的房門，想知道是什么引起了里面的一陣哄然大笑。passion n.[C,U]astrongfeelingaboutsth.orastronglikingforsth.激情;熱情Theyoungcouplekissedeachotherwithpassionbeforetheysaid“goodbye”toeachother.那對年輕夫婦深情相吻，然后互道再見。Workingwithpassionanddevotion,Barongotpromotedquickly.巴倫工作熱情又投入，很快得到了提升。persist v.continuetodosth.inspiteofoppositionorwarning堅持I*mafraidhecannotstayhereanylonger-hesimplypersistsincausingtroubletous.恐怕他不能再呆在這兒了一一他根本就是不停地在給我們?nèi)锹闊?。Itseemsthatyoupersistintryingtoannoyme.Whatisyourpurposefordoingthis?看來你堅持要惹我生氣。你這樣做的目的是什么？vi.continuetoexistorhappen繼續(xù)存在或發(fā)生Allkindsofrumorsaboutthehighofficiafsdivorcepersistedforquitealongtime.有關(guān)這位高官離婚的種種傳聞流傳了相當(dāng)長的一段時間。ThedroughtpersistedformonthsandpeopleprayedtoHeavenforrain.干旱持續(xù)了幾個月，人們祈求天神降雨。frown vi.makeanangry,unhappy,orconfusedexpression,movingtheeyebrowstogether皺眉Trying toconcentrateonhisstudy,Jimfrownedatthenoisesfromoutside.吉姆正努力集中精力學(xué)習(xí)，外面的噪音讓他不快地皺起了眉頭。Thebossfrownedallthetimeashereadtheflnancialreportofthecompany.老板閱讀公司財務(wù)報告時一直皺著眉頭。rank vi.haveaparticularpositioninalistofpeopleorthings位于???等級（或地位）Oursuccessinresearchrankedasoneofthegreatestachievementsinthisfield.我們在研究上取得的成功被列為該領(lǐng)域最大的成就之一。Somehigh-rankingofficialswillmakeaninspectiontoouruniversitynextMonday.一些高官將于下周一視察我校。vt.decidethepositionofsb.orsth.basedonimportanceorquality排列Allfruitswererankedneatlyintheboxes.水果全都整整齊齊地排列在盒子里。Rankingtheshoesintheshopwindow,theassistantdidn*tevenlookupatmewhenItalkedtoher.售貨員正在排列櫥窗里的鞋，我和她說話時她都沒抬頭看我。n.[C,U]thepositionorlevelthatsb.holdsinanorganization；one*ssocialposition職位；社會地位HeheldtherankofChiefExecutiveOfficer.他擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官一職。Hedreamedofmarryingawomanfromafamilyofrankandthuspavingthewayforhimlaterenteringtheuppercircle.他夢想著娶一位名門之后，以便為自己日后進入上層社會鋪平道路。ranking n.[C]apositiononascalethatshowshowgoodsb.orsth.iswhencomparedwithothers排名；級別Hehasthepoorestrankinginhisclass.他在班里排名最后。indissoluble a.impossibletodestroy堅不可摧的Thetiebetweenthesetwonationsseemedindissolubleforatime,butitbrokeeasilyafterthedispute.這兩個國家之間的關(guān)系一度看來是牢不可破的，但由于這一爭端輕易就破裂了。TheindissolublefriendshipbetweenusisthethingIvaluemostintheworld.我們之間深厚的友誼是我在這世界上最為看重的東西。bond n.[C]sth.thatunitestwoormorepeople,suchaslove,asharedinterest,etc.聯(lián)系；紐帶Thoughthetwinsquarrelwitheachothersometimes,theycanalwaysfeelaclosebondbetweenthem.雖然這對雙胞胎有時相互爭吵，但他們總能感到彼此密切相連。Thatexperienceresultedinaspecialbondbetweenthetwostrangers.那次經(jīng)歷使得兩個陌生人之間形成了一種特殊的關(guān)系。tropical a.relatingtothetropics熱帶的Tropicalflowersareveryexpensiveinthismarket.這個市場里熱帶花卉賣得非常貴。Enjoyingmywinterholidayinatropicalarea,Icouldhardlyimagineithadbeenconstantlysnowinginmyhometown.在熱帶地區(qū)度寒假的時候，我很難想象我的家鄉(xiāng)一直在下雪。next tobesideorveryneartosb.orsth.靠近;接近Iputthesetwopicturesnexttoeachotherforcomparison.我把兩張照片放到一起來比較。Themysteriousvillastoodsilentlynexttoachurch.那棟神秘的別墅靜立在教堂旁邊。insb.*spresence/hesameplaceassb.有某人在場Iwonderwhythisyoungmanalwaysseemsnervousinmypresence.我不知道為什么這個年輕人在我面前總顯得很緊張。Youshouldbeagentlemaninthepresenceofladies.在女士們面前你應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)得像個紳士。bynomeans(usedtoemphasizeanegativestatement)notatall決不，決非Iwillbynomeanstellthesecrettohimwithout yourpermission.不經(jīng)你的許可我決不會把秘密告訴他。Heisbynomeanstherichestpersoninthisneighborhood.他決不是這個地區(qū)的首富。count ondependon依靠；依賴；指望Youcannotcountonothersforyourownfuture.你自己的將來不能指望別人。Youcanalwayscountonhim;heissuchareliableperson.你總能依靠他；他非常讓人信賴。ononeoccasiononce有一次Ononeoccasion,sheworeanimproperdresstomybirthdayparty.她有一次穿了一件極不合適的衣服來參加我的生日聚會。Ononeoccasion,shewasrobbedwhenshewenthomelatefromtheoffice.她有一次很晚從公司回家時遭到了搶劫。come uponmeetsb.orHndsth.bychance偶然遇見；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)Icameuponmyfavoritesingerattheairport.我在機場偶然遇見了自己最喜歡的歌手。Wecameuponashabbywoodenhouseinthemiddleofthewood.我們偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)在樹林中央有一所破舊的木屋。pack intoputinaverysmallplace塞進；使擠入Shewastryingtopackeverythingintothecupboard.她正試著把所有的東西都塞進小櫥里。Believingthatshewouldnevercomeback,Susanpackedherbelongingsintotwosuitcasesandleft.蘇珊把她的東西塞進兩只行李箱后離開了，相信自己永遠都不會再回來了。takenoticeofnotice注意到Haveyoutakennoticeofhisstrangebehaviortoday?你有沒有注意到他今天奇怪的行為？Fatherseemedtotakelittlenoticeofmyunhappinessandsatdownforhissupper.父親看來沒注意到我的不快，坐下來吃晚飯了。sing outshoutorsingsomewordsclearlyandloudly（大聲清晰地）喊出（或唱出）Weallsangoutourwishesforthefutureatthetopofthemountain.在山頂，我們都大聲說出了對未來的期望。Joansangoutherplan,believingthatitwasmuchbetterthanothers,.瓊相信她的計劃比其

他人的要好得多，于是就大聲說了出來。pointout tellsb.sth.指出Ithasbeenpointedoutthatstudentsneedmoretimeforrelaxation.已經(jīng)有人指出學(xué)生需要更多的時間休息娛樂。Whenwedrovealongtheriver,theguidepointedoutsomeplacesofinterest.沿著河邊行駛的時候，向?qū)О褞滋幟麆僦附o我們看。onabout;reflectthinkdeeplyonabout;considercarefully仔細考慮Afterreflectingontheproblemforsometimeheworkedoutasolutionandthenfeltrelieved.仔細考慮這個問題后他想出了一個解決辦法，這時他才感覺松了口氣。Eachtimeshereflectedonthegoodolddays,shecouldn*thelpcomplainingaboutherpresentdifficulties.每次她想起舊日的美好時光，總禁不住為目前的困境而抱怨。in advancedoingsomethingbeforeaparticulardateorevent事先，預(yù)先Wearealwaysquitefullatthisseasonoftheyear,sowesuggestyoubookaroominadvance.每年的這個季節(jié)我們酒店總是很滿，所以建議您提前預(yù)訂房間。Wewillsendyouourlatestpricelistsothatyoucanmakeastudyofitinadvance.我們會寄給您最新的價格單以供您事先研究一下。Nikolai PetrovichAnikin 尼克萊?彼德羅維奇?安尼金（人名）Nagano 長野（日本城市名）SaltLakeCity 鹽湖城（美國猶他州首府）SectionBcompetition n.[U]theactivitiesofcompeting競爭Therehasalwaysbeen intensecompetitionbetweencompaniesforbiggermarketshares.公司之間一直進行著激烈的競爭，以獲得更大的市場份額。Fivestudentswereselectedtogoinfortheprovincialphysicalcompetition.有五位學(xué)生被挑選參加全省的物理競賽。sake n.(forthe~of)[U]forthepurposeof為了…目的DoyouthinkthatIamtalkingforthesakeoftalking?Pleaselistencarefully!你以為我是在為講話而講話？請仔細聽著！[U]forthegoodorbenefitof為了…好處IunderstandthatFatherisstrictwithmejustformysake.我明白父親是為了我好才對我要求嚴格。Thepoormotherworkeddayandnighttomakemoneyforthesakeofhersickdaughter.可憐的母親為了生病的孩子日夜勞作掙錢。sacrifice vt.giveupsth.,esp.foragoodpurposeorbelief犧牲；奉獻Itisabsolutelyunwisetosacrificeyourhealthforyourwork.為了工作犧牲健康絕對是不明智的。Mywifesacrificedalottotakegoodcareofthebaby.為了照顧寶寶，我妻子犧牲了很多。injury n.[C,U]awoundordamagetopartofone*sbody傷害；損害Allconstructionworkersshouldbeinsuredagainstinjuryatwork.所有的建筑工人都應(yīng)該保工傷險。Tearscametohereyeswhenshesawtheseriousinjuriesonherboy*slegs.她看到兒子腿上嚴重的傷口，眼眶里不禁盈滿了淚水。exploit vt.usesth.fullysoastogetbenefitfromit利用；剝削Ithasbeenreportedthathiscompanyexploitstheemployeesinvariousways.據(jù)報道他的公司以各種方式剝削工人。Iwon'texploityourdifficultytobeatyouincompetition.我不會利用你的困難來在比賽中取勝。virtue n.[C]agoodqualityincharacterorbehavior美德Theyoungmanwasadmiredbyallbecauseofhisvirtues:courageandtruthfulness.年輕人因為勇敢和誠實的美德而受到大家的欽佩。Amanofvirtuedeservesrespectnomatterwhetherheisrichornot.有德行的人無論貧富都值得尊重。determinationn.[U]thestrongwilltodosth.決心；毅力Mysisterisagirlofdetermination——onceshedecidestodosomething,shewillnevergivesupeasily.我妹妹是個意志堅強的人——她一旦下決心做某事，就絕不會輕易放棄。Theathletes,determinationissomethingworthadmiring.運動員們的毅力是值得贊賞的。dash n.1.[sing.,C]ashortraceforrunners短距離賽跑Hisclassmatescheeredforhimafterhewonthefirstprizeinthe100-meterdash.他在100米短跑中獲得第一名后，同班同學(xué)為他歡呼。2.[sing.,C]asudden,quickrun奔；沖Thedogmadeadashforthestrangersandfrightenedthemaway.狗向陌生人沖了過去，把他們嚇走了。Hearingthefirealarm,shemadeadashforthedoor.一聽到火警聲，她就往大門奔去。vi.runquicklyandsuddenly奔；沖Theyoungmandashedthroughthecrowdtocatchthethief.年輕人從人群中沖過去抓小偷。Whenhe wasdashing cross thestreettocatchthebus,heknockeddownamiddle-agedwoman.他沖過街道去趕公共汽車時撞倒了一位中年婦女。competitive a.likingtocompete喜歡競爭的；好勝的Sheisalwaysaftersomethingbecauseofhercompetitivenature.由于她爭強好勝，總是在追求些什么。Mybrotherissocompetitivethathealwaystriestobethebestineverything.我弟弟非常好勝，任何事情都要盡力做到最好。relatingtocompetition競爭的；有競爭力的To remaincompetitiveinthelocalmarket,ourproductsneedtobeimproved.我們的產(chǎn)品需要加以改進才能保持在當(dāng)?shù)厥袌龅母偁幜Αpromisetoofferyouthemostcompetitiveprice.我保證給你最具競爭力的價格。defy vt.1.dosth.thatisconsideredimpossible;challenge向…挑戰(zhàn)IdefyyoutoprovethatIamwrong.我倒要看看你能不能證明是我錯了.Carl'sfriendsdefiedhimtojumpintotheriverfromthebridge.卡爾的朋友們激他從橋上跳到河里去。2.refusetoobeysb.orsth.違抗；不服從Manykidsdefytheirparentsandplaythecomputergamesforhourseveryday.很多孩子不聽父母的話，每天要打好幾個小時的電子游戲。Whentheteacheraskedtheboytocometothefront,hedefiedherbyremaininginhisseat.老師讓那男孩到前面來，他卻不服從，仍舊坐在自己座位上。stopwatch n.[C]awatchusedformeasuringtheexacttimeittakestodosth.,esp.inarace秒表Astopwatchisdifferentfromawristwatch.秒表和普通手表不一樣。pursue vt.1.continuedoinganactivityortryingtoachievesth.overalongperiodoftime從事；追求Seeingthatnoagreementwouldbereachedatthemeeting,theydecidednottopursuethematteranymore.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在會上不可能達成任何協(xié)議，于是決定不再繼續(xù)討論此事。Pursuingherstudyinaforeigncountry,shealwaysfelthomesick.她在異國求學(xué)時經(jīng)常想家。2.chasesb.orsth.inordertocatchthem追趕；追逐Thehunterhadbeenpursuingawoundedbearfordaysintheforest.獵人連續(xù)幾天都在森林里追捕一只受傷的熊。Thepolicemanwoundedhimselfwhilepursuinganescapedprisoner.警察在追捕逃犯的時候受了傷。strip n.[C]anarrowpiece條；帶astripofpaper紙條astripofland一塊狹長的土地vt.removethecoveringofsth.剝?nèi)ィ怀ttookmeseveralhourstostripthewallpaperfromthewalls.我花了幾小時將壁紙從墻上撕下來。Thegirlstrippedleavesoffthemulberrytreetofeedhersilkworms.女孩從桑樹上摘下桑葉來喂蠶。singular a.1.verygreatorverynoticeable卓越的；非凡的Heshowedsingularwisdomindealingwiththematter.他處理這一事件時展現(xiàn)了非凡的智慧。His singularachievementsrankhimamongthegreatestscientists.他卓越的成就使他成為最偉大的科學(xué)家之2.oforbeingawordrepresentingone單數(shù)的Thenoun"datum**issingular;it*sthesingularformof"data".名詞datum是單數(shù)，它是data一詞的單數(shù)形式。phenomenonn.1.[C]sb.orsth.thatisveryunusual奇才；奇跡Hissoncouldrecitelotsofpoemsatthreeandwasconsideredaphenomenon.他兒子三歲時就能背誦許多詩，被認為是奇才。Unabletoexplainnaturalphenomena,ancient peoplebelievedintheexistenceofmanygods.古代人因為無法解釋大自然的奇特現(xiàn)象，就相信許多神的存在。2.[C]aneventorsituationthatcanbeseentohappenorexist現(xiàn)象Themodernsocietyhaswitnessedtheincreasingphenomenonofthesingleparentfamily.現(xiàn)代社會單親家庭的情況越來越普遍。Inmyhometown,heavysnowinwinterisacommonphenomenon.我家鄉(xiāng)冬天下大雪是很平常的事兒。phenomenal a.veryunusual;verygreatorimpressive異常的；驚人的Theheroshowedphenomenalcourageindangerandsavedquiteafewpeoplefromthebigfire.這位英雄在危險中表現(xiàn)出非凡的勇氣，從大火中救出了很多人。Look!Thesunnowlookslikearing!Whataphenomenalview!看！太陽現(xiàn)在看上去是個圓環(huán)！真是奇異的景象啊！horizon n.1.(~s)thelimitofone*sideas,knowledge,andexperience范圍；眼界；視野Manypeopletravelaroundtobroadentheirhorizons.許多人四處旅游以開闊眼界。While readingextensively,Dorafoundherhorizonsexpanded.多拉博覽群書的同時發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的視野也隨之開闊了。2.(the~)thelinefarawaywheretheskyseemstomeettheearth地平線The sundisappearedbelowthehorizongraduallyandthedayended.太陽逐漸消失在地平線下，白天結(jié)束了。Seeingashipappearonthehorizoninthedistance,themanwentalmostwildwithjoy.看見一只船出現(xiàn)在遠處的地平線上，那人簡直欣喜若狂。sprinter n.[C]anathleteforashortrace短跑運動員Heisawell-knownsprinter.他是著名短跑運動員。observer n.1.[C]sb.whoseesorlooksatsth.觀看者Hehasbeenadevotedobserverofnaturesincehischildhood.他從小就是一個熱衷于觀察大自然的人。Thestoriestoldbytheobserverswerealmostthesame.旁觀者們的講述幾乎是一致的。2.[C]sb.whoattendsmeetings,events,etc.toobservewhatishappening觀察員Thecommitteewillsendseveralobserverstobepresentatthemeeting.委員會將派幾名觀察員出席會議。The presidentsuggestedthatateamofUN observersshouldbesenttotheMid-eastpeacetalk.總統(tǒng)建議應(yīng)該派一隊聯(lián)合國觀察員參加中東和平談判。crack n.[C]asuddenloudsound爆裂聲；劈啪聲Hearingacrackofagun,thepolicerushedinandsawthemanlyingonthefloor,dead.警察聽到槍響后沖了進去，看到這人躺在地板上，已經(jīng)死了。Didyouhearacrackjustnow?Somethingmusthavehappened!你剛才有沒有聽到爆裂聲？肯定出事了！v.1.(causeto)makeasuddenloudsound(使)發(fā)出爆裂聲Theridercrackedhiswhipandthehorseranevenfaster.騎馬的人把鞭子揮得啪啪作響，馬兒跑得更快了。Thundercrackedwhileitwasrainingveryheavily.大雨滂沱，雷聲轟隆。2.(causeto)break(使)破裂Theglassonthetablewascrackedbutnotbroken.桌上的玻璃裂了，但還沒碎。Idon*tknowwhenthebowlcracked,butIwillthrowitawaynow.我不知道桌上的碗什么時候裂開來的，但我現(xiàn)在就扔掉它。trail vi.moveslowly,esp.behindotherpeople拖沓地走；無精打采地慢走Bobtrailedalongthestreet,wonderingwherehecouldHndajob.鮑伯沿街無精打采地走著，不知哪兒能找到工作。Feelingverytired,thegirltrailedbehindherfriendsonthewaybackhome.在回家的路上，女孩感到十分疲憊，慢吞吞地走在朋友們的后面。vt.followsb.secretly跟蹤；尾隨Thehuntertrailedthewoundedbeartoitscave.獵人追蹤受傷的熊到了它的洞穴。Itrailedhertotherailwaystationandthenshedisappearedsuddenly.我跟蹤她到了火車站，她這時突然就消失了。explosive a.1.suddenandrapid迅猛的Therewasanexplosivegrowthinourbusinessintheearly1990s.我們的業(yè)務(wù)在二十世紀九十年代早期有個迅猛的增長。Thesmallcityhastakenonanewlookbecauseofitsexplosivedevelopment.這個小城市因為發(fā)展迅速已呈現(xiàn)出一派新氣象。2.likelytoexplode易爆炸的；易發(fā)作的Explosivematerialsmustbekeptfarawayfromfire.易爆炸的物品必須遠離火苗。Don'ttalkaboutexplosiveissueswithyourbusinesspartnerswhenyouarechattingwitheachother.當(dāng)你和商業(yè)伙伴閑聊時，不要談?wù)撊菀滓馉幎说氖录?。n.[C,U]asubstancethatcancauseanexplosion爆炸物Explosivesmustbehandledcarefully.爆炸物必須小心輕放。Thepolicesearchedhisapartmentandfoundonehundredpoundsofexplosives.警察搜查他的公寓，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一百磅的爆炸物品。overcome vt.(overcame,overcome)fightandwinagainstsb.orsth.戰(zhàn)勝；擊敗Theparentstriedtohelptheirlittlegirltoovercomeherfearofdarkness.父母設(shè)法幫助他們的小女孩戰(zhàn)勝對黑暗的恐懼。Youmustbeself-confidentenoughto overcomedifficulties.要克服困難，你必須有足夠的自信。committeen.[C]agroupofpeoplechosentodoaparticularjoborforspecialduties委員會Thegovernmentdecidedtosetupaspecialcommitteetodealwiththisproblem.政府決定設(shè)立一個專門的委員會來處理這一問題。Allcommitteemembers wererequiredtomakeaclosestudyofthereport.所有的委員會成員都被要求仔細研究一下這份報告。indicate vt.showthatsth.istrueorexists表明；顯示Heshookhisheadto這地區(qū)曾經(jīng)是法國在indicatethathedidn*tagreewithme.他搖頭表示不同意我的看法。Ourresearchindicatesthatwomenarebetterthanmenatdealingwithstress.我們的研究表明女人比男人更擅長處理壓力。steroid n.[C]類固醇conquest n.[U]theactoftakingcontrolofsb.orsth.攻占；占領(lǐng)；征服ThisregionwasonceoneoftheFrenchconquestsinAfrica.非洲的占領(lǐng)地之一。Peopleusedtotalkabouttheconquestofnature,butnowwerealizewemuststayinharmonywithit.人們過去常常談?wù)撜鞣笞匀?，但我們現(xiàn)在意識到了我們必須和自然和平相處。condemn vt.express strongdisapprovalofsb.orsth.譴責(zé)People allcondemnedhimforill-treatinganimals.大家都譴責(zé)他虐待動物。Thosewhoalwaysactselfishlywithoutconsiderationforothersshouldbecondemnedbyall.那些經(jīng)常行為自私而不考慮他人的人應(yīng)該受到大家的譴責(zé)。condemnationn.[C,U]theactofcondemning譴責(zé)Theyoungmankeptswearingathismotherdespite others*condemnation.盡管別人都譴責(zé)他，年輕人還是繼續(xù)咒罵他的母親。Hisrudebehaviordeservescondemnation.他粗魯?shù)男袨閼?yīng)該受到譴責(zé)。opponent n.[C]sb.whotakestheoppositeside,esp.inplayingorHghting對手；敵手Hehasonlyasmallchanceofbeatinghisopponent.他擊敗對手的希望渺茫。Asaverytraditionalperson,oldJimwasalwaysanopponenttonewideas.老吉姆是個非常傳統(tǒng)的人，總是反對新思Li-t想。deny vt.1.saythatsth.isnottrue,orthatonedoesnotbelievesth.否認WhyshouldIdenyitifIreallysaidthosewordstoher?如果我真的對她說了那些話，為什么要否認呢？Thereisnodenyingthatmysisterismorebeautiful andintelligent,butitdoesn*tmeanthatshecouldinsultme.無可否認我妹妹比我更美麗聰慧，但這并不意味著她可以侮辱我。2.notallowsb.tohaveordosth.拒絕（給予）Thegirlwasdeniedthechanceofthejobjustbecauseofhergender.女孩僅僅因為她的性別而沒有得到工作機會。Itdoesnogoodtoyourboyifyouneverdenyhimanything.如果你對兒子有求必應(yīng)，對他并沒有任何益處。counter v.replytoacriticismthatonedisagreeswith反駁Heissoarrogantthathecounteredanycriticismofhim.他非常自大，對他的任何批評他都會反駁。Shehadtriedeverymeanstocountertheoriginalcharge,butfailed.她想盡了一切辦法想要推翻原判，但都失敗了。rumor n.(BrErumour)[C,U]informationthatispassedfromonepersontoanotherandwhichmayormaynotbetrue謠言，傳聞Rumorhasitthatthegeneralmanagerwillleavehispositionnextmonth.有傳言說總經(jīng)理將于下個月離職。Ijustwonderwherealltheserumorsaboutherillnesscomefrom.我正想知道有關(guān)她生病的種種傳說是哪里來的。formula n.1.[C]amethodorsetofprinciplesfordealingwithaproblemorachievingaresult方法；方案We*restillsearchingforapeaceformula.我們?nèi)栽趯で笕〉煤推降姆桨?。Herformulaforsuccess shouldbewritten down andturnedintoabook.她的成功秘訣應(yīng)該寫成書出版。2.[C]aseriesof

numbersorlettersthatrepresentaruleinscience ormathematics公式；方程式Thescientistwasfamousfordevelopingaseriesofphysicalformulas.這位科學(xué)家因創(chuàng)立一系列的物理公式而著名。chemicalformulas化學(xué)公式suspicion n.1.[C,U]afeelingofnottrustingsb.orsth.猜疑；不信任Whenaskedwhetherhehadtoldthetruth,hedidn*ttreatedwithnomattersheknowsevendaretolookatme,whicharousedmysuspicion.treatedwithnomattersheknows當(dāng)被問到是否講了真話時，他都不敢看著我，這就引起了我的猜疑。Lilyeveryonesuspicion,howwellhim.麗麗對每個人都持懷疑態(tài)度，不管她有多了解他。2.[C,U]afeelingthatsb.hasdonesth.wrong懷疑；疑心Onhearingthatherboyfriendhadbeenarrestedundersuspicionofspying,thegirlwasgreatlyastonished.當(dāng)聽說自己的男朋友因涉嫌犯了間諜罪而被逮捕時，女孩驚呆了。Onsuspicionofusingdrugs,theathletewasrequiredtogothroughadrugtest.這位運動員因被懷疑使用了藥物而被要求進行藥檢。erosion n.[U]theprocessbywhichsth.isgraduallyreducedordestroyed侵蝕；腐蝕Soilerosionmightbepreventedifmoretreescanbeplantedhere.如果能在這兒種植更多的樹木，就有可能預(yù)防土地受侵蝕。Thepresidenfsspeechdidlittlet