大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽樣題

2008年全國(guó)大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽樣題及答案（C級(jí)）PartIListeningComprehension(25minutes,30marks)SectionA(5marks)Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear5shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbereadonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthethreechoicesmarkedA,BandC,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.A.Themanisnotsuitablefortheposition.Thejobhasbeengiventosomeoneelse.Shehadn'treceivedtheman'sapplication.A.Heisgoingtoseehissectionchief.Heisgoingtohaveajobinterview.Heisgoingtoseehisgirlfriend.A.Asktoseetheman'sIDcard.Getthebriefcasefortheman.Showthemanherdocuments.A.Thedormroomistoocrowded.Thereisnokitcheninthebuilding.Noonelooksafterthedormbuilding.A.Shewasalwaysingoodshape.Shestoppedexercisingoneyearago.Shelostalotofweightinoneyear.SectionB(10marks)Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Eachconversationwillbereadonlyonce.Attheendofeachconversation,therewillbeaone-minutepause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefivequestions,eachwiththreechoicesmarkedA,BandC,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.ConversationOneWhatissoontoopeninChina?TheFrenchMovieFestival.TheFrenchCulturalYear.TheFrenchFoodFestival.Howmanyexhibitionswillbeheldforthisactivity?A.200.B.20.C.100.WhatwillbeheldatthefootoftheGreatWall?TheCityConcert.TheOpeningCeremony.C.TheGreatLunch.Whichofthefollowingcitiesisnotincludedinthisactivity?Chongqing.Wuhan.Shenzhen.10.Whatwillcertainlymakegreatcontributionstothisactivity?Internet.TVshows.Newspapers.ConversationTwoWhatsoundmorelikeanativespeakerinacasualconversation?A.Examples.B.Verbs.C.Idioms.Whichofthefollowingsoundsmoreinformalandmorenatural?A.Gettogether.B.Meet.C.See.Whichofthefollowingmeansthatyoucannotinterruptme?Tmtiedup.Ihavealotonmyplate.I*mbusy.14.InAmericanculture,whatisconsideredimportantinaconversation?UsingproperlanguageMakingeyecontact.Lookingatyourownfeet.Inbusiness,howmightAmericansfeelaboutyouifyouarelookingaway?You'refeelingashamed.You'retellingthetruth.You'retellingalie.SectionC(5marks)Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear5shortnewsitems.Aftereachitem,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthequestionandthenthethreechoicesmarkedA,BandC,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Howlongwillittakefornewforeststogrowback?A.65years.B.20years.C.40years.WhatdidJimmyCarterplantofocushiseffortsonafterleavingtheWhiteHousein1981?Apresidentiallibrary.CampDavid.Winningasecondterm.WhatwasregardedasthelifebloodofthecountryoftheMaldives?A.Oil.B.Agriculture.C.Tourism.Whatisresponsibleforthedeathofmanypeopleindevelopingcountries?Thedevelopmentofresistancetodiseases.Thedifficultytocurenewemergingdiseases.Theinabilityofthepoortoaffordmedicine.Whatreleasedanestimated8.7milliontonsoftheglobalwarminggas?A.Cars.B.Wildfires.C.Wars.SectionD(10marks)Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearashortpassage.Therearetenmissingwordsorphrasesinit.Fillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhearonthetape.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Aresearchersaysleadintheenvironmentcouldbeamajorcauseofviolencebyyoungpeople.DoctorHerbertNeedlemanisa(21)attheUniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicineinPennsylvaniaandhe(22)hisfindingsattheyearlymeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.DoctorNeedlemansaysthepresenceofleadinthe(23)changestheneuronsthatcontrolactionsandthatcancauseapersontoactinantisocialand(24)ways.Inthe1970s,DoctorNeedlemanfoundlowerscoreson(25)eveninchildrenwhodidnothavesuchsignsofleadpoisoning.Afterthat,leadwas(26)gasolineandpaintintheUnitedStates.Yetmanyhomesstillhaveoldleadpaint.Leadwasalsousedinolder(27).Infact,officialsjustannouncedstrongertestingandreportingrequirementsasfromnextyearforleadinAmericandrinkingwater.Thenewestresearchshowsthatevenverysmallamountsofleadinbonescanaffectbraindevelopment.Asimple(28)canmeasureleadexceptthatanX-rayprocessisneededtomeasurelevelsinbone.In2004,suchtestsweredoneon190youngpeoplewhowere(29)andthefindingsshowedthattheiraveragelevelswerehigherthannormal.And,in1998,threehundredchildrenwerestudiedandthetestscoresshowedhigherlevelsof(30)problemsinthosewithincreasedlevelsoflead.Yettheselevelswerestillconsideredsafebythegovernment.Part11VocabularyandStructure(10minutes,15marks)Directions:Thereare15incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Sonervousthatshedidn'tknowhowtostartherspeech.sinceshebecamewouldshebecomethatshebecamedidshebecomeHeanothercareerbut,atthetime,hejustwantedtoearnmoneytostudyabroad.A.mighthavechosenB.mightchooseC.hadtochooseD.musthavechosenThesecondreportwasbyAugust2005,butoneyearlateritwasstillnowhereinsight.A.submittedB.tohavesubmittedC.tosubmitD.tohavebeensubmittedInthisexperiment,thestudentsstudiedarestoppedseveraltimesduringthelisteningtestandaskedtoreportwhattheyduringthepausebeforeansweringthequestions.A.hadjustbeenthinkingaboutB.havejustbeenthinkingaboutC.arejustthinkingaboutD.hadjustthoughtaboutIwasalwaystaughtthatitwastointerrupt.A.rudeB.coarseC.roughD.crudeSmallboysarequestioners.Theyaskquestionsallthetime.A.originalB.peculiarC.imaginativeD.persistentWeregrettoinformyouthatthematerialsyouorderedare.A.outofworkB.outofreachC.outofstockD.outofpracticeThebombwillthemomentitistouched.A.goonB.gooffC.gooutD.gooverThecarwon't;I'vetrieditseveraltimes,butitwon*twork.A.beginB.launchC.startD.driveChildrenandoldpeopledonotlikehavingtheirdailyupset.A.habitB.routineC.practiceD.customInyourfirstfewdaysatschoolyoullbegivenatesttohelptheteacherstoyoutoaclassatyourlevel.A.locateB.assignC.deliverD.placeChinaonlystarteditsnuclearpowerindustryinrecentyears,andshouldnotimeincatchingup.A.loseB.delayC.spareD.relieve—Youdidanexcellentjobyesterday,Jim!Ireallyenjoyedyourpresentation.—Ohyeah,itwasfabulous.ItseemstheEnglishprogramisagreatwaytopracticeEnglish.—Yeah.Itisfunandmotivating.Didyoureally?Oh,thankyou.Youaresokind.Really?Whataboutyours?D.Notatall.Mypleasure.—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?—Well,Ilikedifferentkinds.一Er,Iespeciallylikepunkrock.A.Ibegyourpardon?B.Areyouserious?C.Anyinparticular?D.Whydoyouthinkso?—Howdidyoulikethefashionshowlastnight?—Ididn'tseeanythingwrongwiththeclothes;theylookedprettynicetome.-Doyoureallythinkpeoplecanwearthatstuffandwalkaroundinstreets?Impressive.It'sagoodwaytoshowo什women*ssenseofstyleandwealth.Itwascool.Theclothesaremorebeautifulthanthepeoplewearingthem.Nothingserious.It'sonlyashowtoattracttheeyesoffashionfans.Itwasdumb.Ithinkit*sstupidforwomentowearclotheslikethat.Part111ReadingComprehension(20minutes,40marks)SectionA(4marks)Directions:Thereisonepassageinthissectionwith4questions.Foreachquestion,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions46-49arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theabilityto“see”oneselfinthefutureisaremarkablehumantrait-somewouldsayunique-thatisnotwellunderstood.That'sdespitethefactthatweprobablyspendasmuchtimethinkingaboutthefutureaswedothinkingaboutthepresent.NownewresearchfromWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louissuggeststhatit'spreciselybecausewecanrememberthepastthatwecanvisualizethefuture.uOurfindingsprovideconvincingsupportfortheideathatmemoryandfuturethoughtarehighlyinterrelatedandhelpexplainwhyfuturethoughtmaybeimpossiblewithoutmemories,MsaysdoctoralcandidateKarlSzpunar.Thefindingsareconsistentwithotherresearchshowingthatpersonswithlittlememoryofthepast,suchasyoungchildrenorindividualssufferingfromlossofmemory,arelessabletoseethemselvesinthefuture.Theresearchersbasetheirconclusionsonbrainscansof21collegestudentswhowerecuedtothinkaboutsomethingintheirpast,andanticipatethesameeventinthefuture,likeabirthdayorgettinglost.Theexperimentwascarriedoutaseachstudentlayontheirstomachinamagneticresonanceimagingmachine,adreadfulbutveryusefulpieceofequipmentthatcanshowwhichareasofthebrainarestimulatedduringspecificthoughtprocesses.ThestudentswerealsoaskedtopictureformerPresidentBillClintoninapastandfuturesetting.Clintonwaschosenbecausehewaseasilyrecognizedandfamiliartoallthestudents.Theresearchersfounda“surprisinglycompleteoverlap"amongregionsofthebrainusedforrememberingthestudent'spastandthoseusedforpicturingthefuture.Andeveryregioninvolvedinrememberingwasalsousedinanticipatingthefuture.Inshort,theresearchersisolatedtheareaofthebrainthat“l(fā)itup”whenthestudentsthoughtaboutaneventintheirownpast.Andmoreimportantly,thatsamearealitupagainwhentheythoughtaboutasimilareventintheirfuture.Infact,theresearchersreportthatthebrainactivitywassosimilarinbothcasesthatitwas“indistinguishable.”ThefindingswerereinforcedwhenstudentsimaginedBillClinton.Sincenoneofthemknewhimpersonally,theirmemorieswerenotautobiographical.AndthebrainscansshowedHsignificantlyless"correlationbetweenmemoriesofhavingseenpicturesofClintonintheWhiteHouseandprojectinghimintothefuture.Sothisutimemachine/astheresearchersdescribeit,allowsustousethepasttoseeourselvesinthefuture,andbothourmemoriesandouranticipationareinterdependent.Aremarkablehumantraitthatisnotwellunderstoodistheability.A.tothinkaboutthepastB.toseethefutureC.torememberthepastD.tocontrolthepresentThefindingssupportthat.futuregoalswillgreatlyinfluenceaperson'spresentperformanceaperson'spresentperformanceisdeterminedbyhis/herpastknowledgefuturethoughtdependstoagreatdegreeonthememoryofthepastpresentthoughtisimpossiblewithouttheabilitytoimaginethefutureTheconclusionoftheexperimentonstudentswasthat.thestudentscouldpicturethemselvesbetterthanBillClintoninapastandfuturesettingthestudentscouldimaginethemselvesaswellasBillClintoninapastandfuturesettingthestudentscouldanticipateBillClintonbetterthanthemselvesinapastandfuturesettingthestudentscouldonlypicturethemselvesinapastandfuturesettingbutnotBillClintonThis“timemachine”inthelastparagraphmostprobablyrefersto.A.clockB.brainscanningC.magneticresonanceimagingD.memorySectionB(14marks)Directions:Thereisonepassageinthissectionwith10questions.GooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsontheAnswerSheet.Forquestions50-55,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions56-59,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.VisitingtheWhiteHouseWhiteHouseToursPublictoursoftheWhiteHouseareavailableforgroupsof10ormorepeople.Requestsmustbesubmittedthroughone'sMemberof(Dongressandareaccepteduptosixmonthsinadvance.Theseself-guidedtoursareavailablefrom7:30a.m.to12:30p.m.TuesdaythroughSaturday

土一*,andarescheduledonafirstcome,first土一*servedbasisapproximatelyonemonthinadvanceoftherequesteddate.Weencourageyoutosubmityourrequestasearlyaspossiblesincealimitednumberoftoursareavailable.AllWhiteHousetoursarefreeofcharge.Forthemostcurrenttourinformation,pleasecallthe24-hourlineat202-456-7041.PleasenotethatWhiteHousetoursmaybesubjecttolastminutecancellation.WhiteHouseVisitorCenterAlltoursaresignificantlyenhancedifvisitorsstopbytheWhiteHouseVisitorCenterlocatedatthesoutheastcornerof15thandEStreets,beforeoraftertheirtour.TheCenterisopensevendaysaweekfrom7:30a.m.until4:00p.m.andfeaturesmanyaspectsoftheWhiteHouse,includingitsarchitecture,furnishings,firstfamilies,socialevents,andrelationswiththepressandworldleaders,aswellasathirty-minutevideo.Allowbetween20minutestoonehourtoexploretheexhibits.TheWhiteHouseHistoricalAssociationalsosponsorsasalesarea.Pleasenotethatrestroomsareavailable,butfoodserviceisnot.Mobility-1mpaired/UsingaWheelchairGuestsrequiringtheloanofawheelchairshouldnotifytheofficerattheVisitorsEntranceBuildinguponarrival.Wheelchairsloansareofferedonafirst-come,first-servedbasis.Reservationsarenotpossible.Visitorsinwheelchairs,orwithothermobilitydisabilities,ontheCongressionalguidedorself-guidedtours,between8:00a.m.and12noon,usethesameVisitorentranceand,withuptofourmembersoftheirparty,areadmittedwithoutwaitinginlineandwithouttickets.Visitorsinwheelchairsareescortedbyrampfromtheentranceleveltothegroundfloor,andbyelevatorfromthegroundtothestatefloor.Guestsgenerallywaitinlinewiththeirfamilyorgroup.Hearing-ImpairedToursforhearing-impairedgroupsmaybearrangedinadvancebywritingtotheVisitorsOffice,WhiteHouse,Washington,DC20502.Toursareusuallyscheduledat9:30a.m.,betweentheCongressionalandpublictourtimes.ParticipantsenterattheEastAppointmentgate.AU.S.SecretService/UniformedDivisionTourOfficerconductsthetourinsignlanguage.Signedtoursareavailabletogroupsof8to20.Groupsarealsoencouragedtobringtheirowninterpreters.Signinginterpretationisalsoavailableforindividualvisitorswithadvancenotice.ACongressionalofficefirstissuesguidedtourticketstoaguestwhoishearing-impairedandthencontactstheVisitorsOfficeatleast2weeksinadvancetorequestinterpreterservice.TheVisitorsOfficeTDD(telephonedeviceforthedeaf)is202-456-2121.Messagesmaybeleftoutsidenormalbusinesshours.Visually-1mpairedToursforvisually-impairedgroupsmaybearrangedinadvancebywritingtotheVisitorsOffice,WhiteHouse,Washington,DC20502.Thetoursareusuallyscheduledat9:30a.m.,betweentheCongressionalandpublictourtimes.ParticipantsenterattheEastAppointmentgate.AU.S.SecretService/UniformedDivisionTourOfficerpermitsvisitorstotouchspecificobjectsintheHouse.Touchtoursarecurrentlyavailableonlytogroupsof8to20,nottoindividualvisitors.GuideanimalsarepermittedintheWhiteHouse.GeneralTourInformationAllWhiteHousetoursarefree.Changesintourschedulesareoccasionallymadebecauseofofficialevents.Noticemaynotbegivenuntilthatmorning.TheVisitorsOffice24-hourInformationLinerecordingat202-456-7041providesthemostup-to-dateinformation.TheTDDis202-456-2121.Visitorsshouldconfirmtourschedulesbycallingtheinformationlinethenightbeforeandthemorningthattheyplantovisit.Itisoccasionallynecessarytocloseindividualroomsonthetour;however,noticeaboutclosedroomsisnotpossible.ProhibitedItemsProhibiteditemsinclude,butarenotlimitedto,thefollowing:handbags,bookbags,backpacks,purses,foodandbeveragesofanykind,strollers,cameras,videorecordersoranytypeofrecordingdevice,tobaccoproducts,personalgroomingitems(make-up,hairbrushorcomb,liporhandlotions,etc.),anypointedobjects(pens,knittingneedles,etc.),aerosolcontainers,guns,ammunition,fireworks,electricstunguns,mace,martialartsweapons/devices,orknivesofanysize.TheU.S.SecretServicereservestherighttoprohibitanyotherpersonalitems.Umbrellas,wallets,cellphonesandcarkeysarepermitted.Pleasenotethatnostoragefacilitiesareavailableonoraroundthecomplex.IndividualswhoarrivewithprohibiteditemswillnotbepermittedtoentertheWhiteHouse.ParkingTheclosestMetrorailstationstotheWhiteHouseareFederalTriangle(blueandorangelines),MetroCenter(blue,orange,andredlines)andMcPhersonSquare(blueandorangelines).On-streetparkingisnotavailableneartheWhiteHouse,anduseofpublictransportationisstronglyencouraged.Restrooms/PublicTelephonesThenearestrestroomsandpublictelephonestotheWhiteHouseareintheEllipseVisitorPavilion(theparkareasouthoftheWhiteHouse)andintheWhiteHouseVisitorCenter.RestroomsorpublictelephonesarenotavailableattheWhiteHouse.BothCongressionalguidedandself-guidedtoursneedtobescheduledinadvance.AllWhiteHousetoursarefreeofchargeexceptonfederalholidays.TheWhiteHouseVisitorCenterprovidesfreedrinksbutnotfoodservice.WheelchairreservationserviceisprovidedbytheofficerattheVisitorsEntranceBuilding.Hearing-impairedvisitorscanrequestsigninginterpretationservicefromtheVisitorsOffice.Touchtoursarecurrentlyonlyofferedtovisually-impairedgroupsof8to20.Sometimesofficialeventsmakeitnecessarytoclosewithoutnotice.ThepersonalitemspermittedtobecarriedintotheWhiteHouseareThetransportationvisitorsareencouragedtouseisInsidetheWhiteHouse,visitorscannotfindoruserestroomsorSectionC(10marks)Directions:Inthissection,thereisonepassagefollowedby5questions.Readthepassagecarefully,thenanswerthequestionsinSSfewWordsSSpossible(notmorethan10words).RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Questions60-64arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouwereonadistantplanet,andifyouhadinstrumentsthatcouldtellyouthecompositionofEarth'satmosphere,howwouldyouknowtherewaslifeonthisplanet?Waterintheatmospherewouldsuggesttherecouldbewateronthesurface,andasweallknowwaterisconsideredcrucialtolife.Butwaterwouldonlysuggestthatlifeispossible.Itwouldn*tproveit'sthere.Carbon?Thatbasiccomponentof“l(fā)ifeasweknowit?”Notnecessarily.Adiamondispurecarbon,anditmaybepretty,butitisn'talive.WhatreallysetsEarthapartisnitrogen,whichmakesup80percentoftheplanet'satmosphere.Andit*sthereonlybecausethereisabundantlifeonEarth,sayscientistsattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.ThereportgrewoutofaclassdiscussiontwoyearsagoinacoursetaughtbyCaponeandKennethNealson,professorofearthsciences.Studentswereaskedtocomeupwithdifferentideasaboutsearchingforlifeonotherplanets.Whatisadistinct“signature,“asCaponeputsit,thatwouldshowthereislifeonanotherplanet?Thafsaquestionthathasbeenkickedaroundinmanyquartersinrecentdecades,especiallysincealleffortstofindsomeformoflife,nomatterwhetheronMarsorinthedistantreachesofspace,havefailed.Atleastsofar.ThecurrentefforttosearchforsomeevidenceoflifeonMarsfocusesprimarilyonthesearchforwater,becauseithaslongbeenbelievedthatwater,oratleastsomefluid,isnecessaryforthechemicalprocessesthatleadlifetotakeplace.Butthafsprobablythewrongapproach,theUSCgroupargues.“It'shardtoimaginelifewithoutwater,butit*seasytoimaginewaterwithoutlife,MsaysNealson,whowasontheMarsteambeforemovingtoUSC.Butnitrogenwouldbeamuchclearersignatureoflife.Onlyabout2percentto3percentoftheMartianatmosphereisnitrogen.That'sjustatrace,anditprobablymeansthereisnolifeonMarstoday,andiftherewasinthepast,itprobablyendedmany,manyyearsago.But,theUSCteamaddsquickly,thatdoesn'tmeanthere'snolifeanywhereelseintheuniverse.Theydon'tknowwhere,ofcourse,buttheymayhavefoundawaytonarrowdownthesearch.Lookfirstfornitrogen,thenlookforbiologicalactivitythatshouldbethere.Soiflifeexistselsewhere,andissimilartolifeasweknowit,thereshouldbenitrogen,andthat'swhatweshouldbelookingforfirst,theresearcherssay.Iftheydon'tfindnitrogenonMars,Caponesays,MthatwillprobablybringustotheconclusionthattherelikelyneverwaslifeonMars.MButhowaboutelsewhere?Couldthistechniquebeusedtosearchforlifeinothersolarsystems?Maybe.Itmightbepossibletodetectanitrogen-richatmospherearoundaplanetorbitinganotherstar,butnotyet.Currentinstrumentsaren'tthatsensitive.Iftheyeverare,thesearchforlifemightbenarroweddowntothemostpromisingprospects,chieflybecauseofthepresenceofnitrogen.Andwon*tthatbefun!Questions:Whatcansuggestlifeispossiblebutcannotbeprovedaccordingtotheauthor?Whatisaclear"signature"oflifeonanotherplanetaccordingtoCapone?WhatisconsideredasawrongwaytosearchforevidenceoflifeonMars?WhatcanprobablyprovethereisnolifeonMarstodaybasedonthenewtheory?Whyisitimpossibletousethenewtechniquetosearchforlifeinothersolarsystemsnow?SectionD(12marks)Directions:Inthissection,thereisonepassagefollowedbyasummary.Readthepassagecarefullyandcompletethesummarybelowbychoosingamaximumofthreewordsfromthepassagetofillinthespaces65-70.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Questions65-70arebasedonthefollowingpassage.InAugust2008,athletesfromtheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworldwillcompeteintheBeijingOlympics.ButdidyouknowthatinSeptemberofnextyear,disabledathleteswillcompeteintheParalympicGamesinBeijing?TheOlympicsandtheParalympicsareseparatemovements.Buttheyhavealwaysbeenheldinthesameyear,andsince1988,theyhavealsobeenheldinthesamecity.TheInternationalOlympicCommitteeandtheInternationalParalympicCommitteesignedanagreementin2001tosecurethisconnection.ThenextwintergameswilltakeplaceinVancouver,Canada,in2010.TheParalympicGamesgrewoutofasportscompetitionheldin1948inEnglandandadoctornamedLudwigGuttmannorganizeditformenwhosufferedspinalcordinjuriesinWorldWar11.Fouryearslater,itbecameaninternationaleventascompetitorsfromtheNetherlandstookpart.Then,in1960,thefirstParalympicswereheldinRome.400athletesfrom23countriescompeted.By2004,theParalympicGamesinAthenshadalmost4000athletesfrom136countries,whomayhavephysicalormentallimitationsandmaybeblindorinwheelchairs.Yetsometimestheyperformbetterthanathleteswithoutdisabilities.In1968,EuniceKennedyShriver,thesisterofformerPresidentJohnF.Kennedy,startedtheSpecialOlympics,whicharejustforchildrenandadultswithmentallimitationsandwhoseprogramscurrentlyservemorethantwomillionpeoplein160countries.InNovember2006,inMumbai,India,teamscompetedintheFirstSpecialOlympicsInternationalCricketCup.InadditiontoIndia,thereweremen'steamsfromAfghanistan,Australia,Bangladesh,Nepal,Pakistan,SriLankaandtheWestIndies.Therewerealsowomen'scricketteamsfromIndiaandPakistan.TherearemanyorganizationsintheUnitedStatesthathelppeoplewithdisabilitiesplaysports.Wheelchairtennisisapopularsport.Soisbasketball.Infact,therearemorethanonehundredprofessionalteamsplayingwheelchairbasketballthankstothespecialwheelchairsforathletesthatarelightweightanddesignedforquickmoves.Forpeoplewhowanttogoreallyfastintheirchairs,thereisaPowerWheelchairRacingAssociation.InthestateofUtahthereisaplacecalledtheNationalAbilityCenter,whichteachesallkindsofsportstopeoplewithallkindsofphysicalandmentaldisabilitiesandevengivesfriendsandfamilymembersachancetotryasportasiftheyweredisabled.AreporterfromtheWashingtonPostwantedtoknowwhatitwouldbelikeforablindpersontouseaclimbingwall.So,protectedbyasafetyline,thenewspaperreporterclosedhiseyesandstartedtofeelforplacestoputhishandsandfeet.Trainersonthegroundurgedhimon:"Takeyourtime.Youcandoit."Finallyhereachedthetop.AttheNationalAbilityCenterpeoplecanlearntoridehorsesandmountainbikes.Theycantrywintermountainsports,andlearnscubadivingandotherwateractivities.ThecenteralsopreparesathletesfortheParalympics.Thesedays,thefirstplacemanypeoplegowhentheywanttotravelistheInternet,wheretheycangetinformationabouthotels,transportationandservicesliketourcompanies.TheInternetcanalsohelptravelersfindspecialservicesforthedisabled.Forexample,therearegroupsthathelpyoungpeoplewithdisabilitiestraveltodifferentcountries.SusanSygall,whousesawheelchairherself,leadsanorganizationcalledMobilityInternationalUSA,andhastraveledtomorethantwenty-fivecountriestotalkabouttherightsofpeoplewithdisabilities.Shesayspeoplewithdisabilitiesareallmembersofaglobalfamilyandworkingtogetheracrossbordersisthemostpowerfulwayofmakingchanges.Summary:TheOlympicsandtheParalympicsare(65)buttheyhavealwaysbeenheldinthesameyearandalsointhesamecitysince1988whentheInternationalOlympicCommitteeandtheInternationalParalympicCommitteesignedanagreementin2001to(66).TheParalympicGamesgrewoutofasportscompetitionorganizedbyadoctornamed(67)in1948inEnglandformeninjuredinWorldWar11.In1952,itbecamean(68)andin1960