(新高考)高考英語二輪提分秘籍專題二 七選五專項練一（說明文） (含詳解)

說明文專練一A(2021·淄博市高三聯考)Thinkingaboutasummerjobaftergraduation？Asmorepeoplecompeteforfeweropenings，you’llneedtodoyourresearch，writeagreatrsum(簡歷)andgetreadyfortheinterview.Tofindajobthatisrightforyou，makealistofyourinterestsandstrengths，aswellasyourdislikes，andkeeptheminmindasyoulookforajob.Forexample，ifyoulovebooksorwriting，ajobinabookstoreorlibrarymightbeperfectforyou.__1__Youmightnotknowdetailsabouttheposition，butyoucanpreparebyresearchingthecompanyitself.__2__Regardlessofthetypeofthejobyou’reapplyingfor，agreatrsumreallymakesyoustandout.Mostimportantly，presentthestrengthsinit.Itisaneffectivewaytohighlightyourstrongestskillsandencouragethehiringmanagertoreadmore.Havingajobexperienceinyourrsumincreasesthepossibilitytolandajobtoo.Ifnot，don’tworry—thereareplentyofotherthings，extracurricularorvoluntaryactivitiesyoucandotoimproveyourjobapplications.Makesuretheemailaddressandphonenumberincludedonyourapplication.__3__Whatdojobinterviewerslookfor？__4__Interviewerswanttohirecandidateswhoaresmart，whothinkquicklyandclearly，andwhocanexpressthemselvesandcommunicatewell.Dressthepart—yourappearancealsoaffectsyourchancesofgettingthejob.__5__Thatmeansnosandalsorjeans.Evenifyou’llbescoopingicecreambehindacounter，ithelpstolookprofessionalfortheinterview.A．Babysittingisingreatneednowadays.B．Agoodrsumisyourbestjob－h(huán)untingtool.C．Thesedetailswillbeusedtocontactyouaboutinterviews.D．Aprecisedescriptionofhobbiesinyourrsumiscrucial.E．It’snotjustthepreviousworkhistoryoruniqueskillsthatmatter.F．Whenyouheadoutforyourinterview，avoidlookingtoocasual.G．Butiflittlekidsdriveyoucrazy，ababysittingjobmaynotbeideal.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要講述了找工作需要注意的幾個事項。1．G[考查上下文銜接?？涨暗摹叭绻銦釔坶喿x或寫作，那么書店或圖書館的工作對你來說是完美的”是一個例子，用于說明找工作的時候你得明白自己的喜惡和優(yōu)劣勢，空后是“對于崗位的具體細節(jié)你可能知之甚少，但是你可以通過研究公司本身做好準備”，因此空處應該還是說明找工作時，你得明白自己的喜惡和優(yōu)劣勢，故G項符合語境。]2．B[考查段落主旨句。根據第一段中的“you’llneedtodoyourresearch，writeagreatrsum(簡歷)andgetreadyfortheinterview”和文章結構可知，本段講到的是writeagreatrsum，再結合段落大意可知，B項適合作本段的主旨句。]3．C[考查上下文銜接。根據空前一句“要記得把郵件地址和電話號碼寫進你的申請信里”可知，C項“這些細節(jié)將會被用于聯系你面試”符合語境。]4．E[考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪涫且粋€問句“面試官要找什么呢”，而空后一句“面試官想要的是聰明睿智、思維敏捷、善于自我表達和交流的候選人”是對該問題的正面回答，據此可知，空處講到的應該也是對該問題的回答，綜合選項可知E項符合語境。]5．F[考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v到了“著裝得體——你的外表也會影響你得到工作的機會”，而空后一句“這就意味著不要穿拖鞋或牛仔褲”是對空前一句的具體闡釋，因此空處講到的應該是著裝不要隨意，故F項符合語境。]B(2021·東北三省四市教研體一模)PrinciplesofDevelopingtheYouth’sLeadershipSkills—Lookforleadershippotentialineveryone.__1__．Noteveryonefeelscomfortablewhenleadingameetingorspeakingatanevent，buttheymaybeabletotalktoteachersaboutaprojectordraftalettertotheschoolorcommunitynewspaper.It’sworthwhiletothinkaboutallofthewaystheyouthcangetinvolvedin.—Taketimetogivethemmeaningfulfeedbackandbuildtheirself－confidence.Itcanbedifficulttofindtimetomeetwiththeyouthindividually，butitisimportant.Plantomeetregularlywithcoreleadersandbeonthelookoutforimpromptu(即興的)individualmeetings.__2__．Furtherplanscanbediscussedduringthemeetingsandtheyouthcanhavemorecourage.—Opportunitiesarewhentheyouthleadprojectsoractivities.Sometimesit’shardtotakeastepbackandplaythesupportiverole，butitistheonlywaytodevelopleadersauthentically(真正地)．Butsometimesyouaskayouthtotakeownershipofataskandthendecidetodoityourself.__3__．Whenleadersdonotcomethroughwithanassignment，it’simportanttoholdthemaccountable.Theyouthwillfeelaccomplishedafterworkinghardandgrowup.—__4__．Trainingcanbefacilitatedwithin－h(huán)ousestafforanoutsideresourceperson，sotheyouthfeelconfidentintheirknowledgeandskills.Astasksgetmoreadvanced，theleveloftrainingshouldprogressaswell.Atthesametime，youmustexaminetheskillsandassistanceyouprovidetothegrouptoensurethatexpectationsareclearandthatfollow－upstakeplacetoinquireaboutanyextrasupportneeded.__5__．A．ThatcanleaveanegativeimpactB．BuilduptheirconfidenceandcheerthemupC．OfferlotsoftrainingandclearguidanceD．ThinkofeveryyoungpersonassomeonewhopossessesleadershipabilityE．MakesureyoungpeoplehavetheguidanceneededtocompleteagreeduponactivitiesF．ThesecouldhappenwhilewalkingwithayouthtogetasnackbeforeorafterameetingG．Leadershipskillscanbeabsorbedinclassroomlearningthroughthebeliefinlearnedoptimism【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了培養(yǎng)年輕人領導技能的幾個原則，包括在每個人身上尋找領導才能潛質、提供大量培訓和清晰的指導等。1．D[考查上下文銜接。根據該部分的標題Lookforleadershippotentialineveryone.可知，D項(把每個年輕人都當作擁有領導能力的人)符合語境。]2．F[考查上下文銜接。根據上文中的“beonthelookoutforimpromptu(即興的)individualmeetings”可推知答案為F，因為該選項表述的是可能發(fā)生的與年輕人單獨會面的情景。F項中的“these”指代上文中的“impromptu(即興的)individualmeetings”。]3．A[考查上下文銜接。根據該部分標題可知，該部分主要講讓年輕人領導項目或活動，但空前一句講有時候你讓年輕人承擔一項任務又決定自己來做，結合該部分主旨可知，這樣做是不對的，應該讓年輕人自己決定。故A項符合語境。]4．C[考查段落小標題。根據本段中的“Trainingcanbefacilitated”“theleveloftraining”“assistance”“support”可知，本段主要涉及培訓和指導，故答案為C。]5．E[考查上下文銜接。根據上一句“Atthesametime，youmustexaminetheskillsandassistance...toinquireaboutanyextrasupportneeded.”可知此處說的是要給年輕人支持以及指導。所以E項符合語境?！盷C(2021·河南省高考適應性測試)Itmaybetempting(誘人的)totakethesummeroffandrelax，butlookingforajobwillgiveyouhelpfullifeskills.Findingajobmaybehard，butthesearchwillbeworthit.Jobsareoutthere.__1__，evenifyoudon’tlandthejobyouwant.·You’lldevelopyourinterviewskills.Themorejobsyouapplyfor，thebetteryou’llgetatinterviewing.Learningtointerviewwellisaskill.Itcanhelpyougetintocollegeandevenlandafull－timejob.·__2__．Youmaynotgetthefirstjobyouinterviewfor.Rejectionhappensinlifeanditcanbehardtohandle.Themorewefacerejection，theeasieritbecomestomoveforwardandbounceback.·You’lllearnsomethingaboutyourself.Ifyougetajobthatwasn’tyourfirstchoice，youmightdiscoveranewskillorinterest.Ifyouneedtosavemoney，youmaylearnthatcommitment(不得不做的事)isnecessarytoreachyourgoals.Whatifnothingworksout？__3__．·You’llpushthelimitsofyourcomfortzone.It’saloteasiertositathomedoingthesamethings.__4__．Experiencingnewthingscanmakeyoumoreproductiveandyoumightevenhavefun!__5__．Youhavenothingtoloseandalottogain.Andifyoudon’tgetajob，volunteer.Volunteeringisagreatwaytogainexperience.Itlooksfavorableonrsums(簡歷)forcollegeapplicationsorfuturejobs.Ifyouneedhelpinwritingarsumtoapplyforajob，searchonline.Anumberofwebsitesofferfreetips.A．PracticemakesperfectB．You’llfindabetterworldC．You’llgetbetteratdealingwithrejectionD．YoumaydecidetostartyourownbusinessE．You’llstillgaintheseskillsfromtheprocessF．Ifyou’rethinkingaboutasummerjob，applyG．Butjob－h(huán)untingcanpushyououtofyourcomfortzone【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。雖然找工作很難，但是即使你沒有找到心儀的工作，你也可以從中學到很多。1．E[考查上下文銜接。根據逗號后的讓步狀語從句“即使你沒有得到你想要的工作”以及下文介紹的你可以在找工作的經歷中學到的東西可知，E項符合語境。]2．C[考查段落主旨句。本段主要講的是應對“Rejection”方面的收獲，故C項適合作本段的主旨句。]3．D[考查上下文銜接。本段主旨句講的是“你會對自己有所了解”，接下來作者列舉了兩種情況并提出問題“如果都不行怎么辦？”，故空處應是對空前問題的回答，所以D項“你可能會決定自己創(chuàng)業(yè)”符合語境。]4．G[考查上下文銜接。本段主旨句講的是挑戰(zhàn)你舒適區(qū)的極限，根據空前一句“坐在家里做同樣的事情會很容易”可知，空處講的應該是找工作會讓你走出舒適區(qū)，故G項符合語境。]5．F[考查上下文銜接。空后一句講了你沒有什么可以失去，還會得到很多，所以F項“如果你想要找一份暑期工作，去申請吧”符合語境。]D(2021·云南省第一次高中畢業(yè)生統(tǒng)一檢測)STEMisaneducationcurriculumthatfocusesonthesubjectsofscience，technology，engineeringandmathematics.__1__．That’swhySTEMeducationprogramsarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.Butwhatdotheseprogramsoffer？Willparticipationinthemreallymakeadifference？Herearesomeoftheiradvantages.·BuildupconfidenceDuringSTEMeducationactivities，studentslearninasafeenvironmentthatallowsthemtofailandtryagain.STEMeducationstressesthevalueoffailureasalearningexercise，whichwillhelpstudentstoembracemistakesaspartofthelearningprocess.Thisallowsstudentstobuildconfidence，enablingthemtokeepgoingwhenthegoinggetsrough.__2__．·EncourageexperimentationWithoutrisk－takingandexperimentation，manyofthetechnologicaladvancementsthathaveoccurredinthelastcoupleofdecadeswouldnotbepossible.Manyoftheseinnovations(新方法，新發(fā)明)werecreatedbypeoplewhoweretoldthattheirideaswouldn’tworkandtheirresponsewas，“Let’stryitandsee.”__3__．Byexperimentingandtakingrisksduringlearningactivitiesstudentscanformthisattitude.·__4__STEMeducationcanbetaughttostudentsofallabilitylevels.Studentsofvaryinglevelsofabilitycanworktogetherinteamstofindsolutionstoproblems，recorddata，writereports，givepresentations，etc.Theresultisstudentswhounderstandhowtocooperatewithothersanddevelopteamspirit.·Promotetechuse__5__．So，whenstudentscomeacrossnewtechnologies，theywillbepreparedtoacceptthem，insteadofbeinghesitantorfearful.Thiswillgivethemtheupperhandinthegloballandscape，astheworldisbecomingincreasinglytech－centered.A．InspireteamworkB．TeachessentiallifeskillsC．STEMeducationteachesstudentshowtosolveproblemsD．ThistypeofattitudecanbeencouragedwithSTEMlearningE．Afterall，failureispartoftheprocessthatfinallyleadstosuccessF．ThesesubjectsenablestudentstothinkcriticallyandcreativelyG．STEMlearningteacheskidsaboutthepoweroftechnologyandinnovation【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。STEM指的是科學、技術、工程和數學。文章介紹了參加STEM教育項目的好處，包括增強自信心、鼓勵嘗試等。1．F[考查上下文銜接。根據空后一句可知，此處需要說明為何這些學科越來越受歡迎。F項適合此處，且F項中的“Thesesubjects”與空前一句中的“thesubjectsofscience，technology，engineeringandmathematics”相呼應。]2．E[考查上下文銜接。根據該段內容可知，本段主要說明STEM教育能讓學生們正確對待錯誤從而樹立自信心。E項有關鍵詞“failure”，且表述錯誤是最終導致成功的過程的一部分，符合語境。]3．D[考查上下文銜接。由空前一句中的“theirresponsewas，‘Let’stryitandsee.’”可知，空前一句講了人們對于一些觀點的態(tài)度，空后一句表述在學習活動中學生通過做實驗和冒險可以形成這個態(tài)度，故選項D(這種態(tài)度可以通過STEM學習來培養(yǎng))符合語境。]4．A[考查段落小標題。根據本段最后一句“Theresult...developteamspirit.”可知，本段主要說明學習這些課程的優(yōu)點之一是激發(fā)團隊精神，故A項可作本段的小標題。]5．G[考查上下文銜接。根據小標題Promotetechuse以及空后一句“So，whenstudents...beinghesitantorfearful.”可知，此處應為孩子們已準備好接受新技術的原因，選項G(STEM學習教孩子們技術和革新的力量)符合語境。]E(2021·長春市高三質量監(jiān)測二)Doyouliketheideaofrunningyourownbusinessfromhome？Mostofyoudo，andthefirstthingsyousayyoulikeaboutitarebeingyourownboss，havingflexiblehoursandworkinginyourpajamas(睡衣)．__1__Beingyourownbossisdefinitelyonebigadvantage.__2__Youmustcommittoworkonyourbusinessregularlytomakeprofits.Ifnot，youwillfindthatyourincomebecomesnon－existent.So，setofficehourswhenyouproductivelyworkonbuildingyourbusiness.__3__Doctors’appointmentsandfamilycommitmentscansimplybeworkedintoyourschedule.Again，youneedtoarrangeyourappointmentscarefullyandtrytobookthemtogether.Thiswayyoucangetallofyourrunningarounddoneinoneday.Workinginyourpajamasmayseemappealinginitially.Butitcanalsopreventyoufromactuallygettingyourworkdone.__4__Afterthat，justwalkintoyourofficeandstartyourday’swork.Beingtoocasualmeansgettinglessworkdoneonaregularbasis.Inordertorunasuccessfulbusinessfromhomeyouneedtohaveagoodmindset.__5__Takingofftoomanyhourseachweekwilldamageyourfinancialstabilityandlong－termsuccess.Setgoalsandlimitsonyourtime.Buildyourbusinessfirst，beforetakingadvantageofwhatworkingfromhomeoffers.A．Butitcanalsobecomeyourdownfallwithoutcare.B．Flexiblehoursareanotherhugeplusofworkingfromhome.C．Onceit’sachieved，you’llhavemoreopportunitiestodevelopbusinesscontacts.D．Youmayfinditmoreefficienttogetup，exercise，thenshoweranddressforwork.E．Thisincludesrealizingthatonlyyouareresponsibleforyourownincome.F．Oneofthebiggestdrawbacksisthatitissoeasytoallowyourselftohaveexcuses.G．Whilethesebenefitssoundgreat，therealityofworkingfromhomecanbealittledifferent.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要告訴我們在家開展自己的事業(yè)的好處和需要注意的事項。1．G[考查上下文銜接。空前一句提到在家開展自己的事業(yè)的三個好處，而下文一一分析了這三方面需要注意的事項，故G項承上啟下，符合語境。]2．A[考查上下文銜接。該空前一句表述做自己的老板肯定是一大好處。下文說你必須有規(guī)律地投入工作否則會沒有收入，表述做自己的老板的壞處。前后是轉折關系。而A選項中的But表轉折，代入A項，符合語境。]3．B[考查理解文章結構的能力。根據該段中的“yourschedule”“arrangeyourappointments”“inoneday”可知，該段主要講時間安排的問題，再根據文章結構可知，第二段、第四段的內容分別對應第一段第二句中的“beingyourownboss”和“workinginyourpajamas(睡衣)，”故此處應對應第二個好處(havingflexiblehours)。故B項“彈性時間是在家工作的另一大優(yōu)勢”符合語境。]4．D[考查上下文銜接?？仗幥懊嬲f穿睡衣工作可能一開始看起來有吸引力，卻讓你無法把工作做完。而空處后面說在那之后，直接走進工作室開始工作，該段最后一句總結說太過隨意意味著工作效率低下。故D項“你可能會發(fā)現起床、鍛煉、洗澡和穿衣服上班更有效率”符合語境。]5．E[考查上下文銜接。空前一句說為了在家開展成功的事業(yè)，你需要有好的思維模式，空處應說明好的思維模式的具體內容，故選項E“這包括意識到只有你對你自己的收入負責”符合語境。]說明文專練二A(2021·貴陽四校高三聯考二)TheValueofHonestyAccordingtoacommonsaying，“Honestyisthebestpolicy.”__1__Lyingoftenseemslikeagoodwaytoimpresspeopleoravoidblameformistakes.Somepeoplelieoutofhabit，withoutevenrealizingthey’redoingit.Butdespiteallthese，honestyreallyisworththeeffort.__2__There’salwaysachancethatthepersonyouliedtowillfindoutthetruth.Isthegainfromlyingreallyworththerisk？Liesarealsodifficulttohidebecausetheyarehardertorememberthanthetruth.Ifyoumakeupastory，youhavetorememberallthedetails.__3__Butifyoucommittotellingthetruth，youwillneverhavetroubleremembering.Thissavesyoueffortandmakesconversationslessstressfulforyou.Anotherobviousreasontoavoidlyingisthatlyingcanharmothers.__4__Andalieaboutsomeoneelsecoulddestroythatperson’sreputation.Onapersonallevel，ifyourfriendsfindoutyouliedtothem，theirfeelingswillbehurt.Ontheotherhand，ifyoualwaystellthetruth，youwilldevelopareputationforhonesty.__5__Businessdeals，friendshipsandfamilyrelationshipsalldependontrust.Honesty，however，doesn’tmeanthatyouhavetosayeverythingyouthink.Sometimesit’sbesttoremainsilentifyourwordsmighthurtsomeoneelse.Honestymeansthatwhenyouspeak，youtellthetruthwithoutholdinganyinformationback.Whenyoudothat，youwillfeelmorerelaxedandenjoystrongerrelationships.A．Behonestbecauseyouloveyourself.B．Butindailylife，honestycanbedifficult.C．Thiswillhelpyouineveryareaofyourlife.D．Whenyou’rehonest，youdon’tfeelsolostallthetime.E．Oneobviousreasonforhonestyisthatitisdifficulttokeeplying.F．Andthemoreliesyoutell，themorestoriesyouhavetoremember.G．Peoplewhobelieveyourliesmightmakebaddecisionsbecauseofthem.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要分析了誠實的價值。1．B[考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪涮岬秸\實的好處，空后列舉了人們說謊的原因，由此可推知空處前后為轉折關系，故B項承上啟下，符合語境。]2．E[考查上下文銜接。本空是段首句，與下段首句中的“Anotherobviousreason”呼應可推知，此處應陳述要誠實的原因之一，所以選E項。]3．F[考查上下文銜接。根據空前一句(如果你編造一個故事，你必須記住所有的細節(jié))可知，F項(你說的謊越多，你要記住的故事就越多)承接上文，所以選F項。]4．G[考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪涮岬秸f謊會傷害別人，空后講到關于別人的謊言會毀了那個人的聲譽，且根據空后一句中的“And”可知，空處講的也應是謊言是如何對別人不利的，所以G項符合語境。]5．C[考查上下文銜接。根據空后一句(商業(yè)交易，友誼和家庭關系都依賴于信任)可推知，空處表示誠實對生活大有禆益，所以選C項。]B(2021·唐山市二模)Haveyoueverbeenlabeleda“perfectionist”？Ordoyouconsideryourselftobeone？It’sinvitingtoseeperfectionismasadesirableorpositivequality.__1__Healthyperfectionistswanttodeveloptheirskillscontinually.Theirstandardsarealwaysrising，andtheyapproachtheirworkwithoptimism，pleasureandadesiretoimprove.Unhealthyperfectionists，however，areneversatisfiedwithwhattheyachieve.__2__Theymayexperiencefearoffailure，anxietyandotherpainfulemotions.__3__Accordingtothe2011research，perfectionismislinkedtohealthissuessuchaseatingdisordersanddepression.Perfectionismcanalsoseriouslyimpactyourcreativity.Thisisbecauseperfectionismcanpreventyoufromleavingyourcomfortzoneandtakingrisks.__4__Youmayavoidstartinganewprojectuntilyou’vefoundthebestwaytoapproachit.Youmightalsogetcaughtupinminordetailsorrepeattasksthathavealreadybeencompleted.Asaresult，thiswastestimethatcouldhavebeenspentonmoreimportanttasks.Ifyouthinkthatyouhaveaproblemwithperfectionism，startbysettingrealisticgoals.Thinkaboutyourmostimportantlifeandcareergoals.__5__Notonlywillthismakeiteasiertoreachyourobjectives，butyou’llalsoexperiencethethrillofachievingthesesmallergoals.PerhapsTheodoreRooseveltsaiditbest—“Dowhatyoucan，withwhatyouhave，whereyouare.”Acceptthatthisisthebestyoucandoanddon’ttryandmakeupsomeperfectworld.A．Ifsomethingisn’tperfect，theyrefuseit.B．Perfectionismcanleadtoself－criticism，too.C．Perfectionismcandamageyourproductivity，too.D．Then，breakthemdownintomonthlyoryearlysteps.E．Infact，severeperfectionismcandomoreharmthangood.F．Theyshowthatyou’renotafraidtopushyourselfandtrynewthings.G．Whenperfectionismgetsoutofcontrol，itcanharmyouinmanyaspects.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了健康和不健康完美主義的不同、影響以及如何避免成為不健康的完美主義者。1．E[考查上下文銜接。根據下文論述的健康和不健康的完美主義對人的情緒、健康等影響可知，空處應是一個轉折句，引入本文的話題，承上啟下，故E項“事實上，嚴重的完美主義弊大于利”符合語境。]2．A[考查上下文銜接。根據空處前的“Unhealthyperfectionists，however，areneversatisfiedwithwhattheyachieve.”可知，不健康的完美主義者從不滿足于他們的成就。故A項“如果什么東西是不完美的，他們會拒絕”符合語境。]3．G[考查段落主旨句。根據文章結構和段落大意可知，該段主要講述了完美主義帶來的諸如飲食紊亂、精神抑郁、創(chuàng)造力受限、重復勞動而浪費時間等問題。故G項適合作本段的主旨句。]4．C[考查上下文銜接。根據空后的“Youmayavoid...repeattasksthathavealreadybeencompleted.”可知，不健康的完美主義者可能會避免開始一個新項目，直到找到了最好的方法。也可能會陷入一些小細節(jié)或重復已經完成的任務。故C項“完美主義也會損害你的生產效率”符合語境。]5．D[考查上下文銜接。根據空后的“Notonly...achievingthesesmallergoals.”可知，這不僅會讓你更容易達成目標，而且你也會體驗到實現這些小目標時的興奮。故D項“然后將它們分解成月度或年度的步驟”承上啟下，符合語境。]C(2021·東北三校二模)Let’sfocusonwhattodowhenyou’reabouttotearupyourhomework，feedittoyourdog，orpretenditneverexists.Whatyouchoosetodoisveryimportantbecauseitcanaffecthowyoufeelaboutyourselfandhowyouhandlefrustrating(令人沮喪的)situationsinthefuture.__1__Practicingthemwillmakeiteasiertokeeptryingand，overtime，helpyougetlessfrustratedduringyourlearningjourney.Step1：RecognizeRecognizeyourfrustration.__2__Allowingyourselftobefrustratedandsayingtoyourselfthatitisokayareanimportantfirststepandaresurprisinglyrelieving.Step2：Remind__3__Itmeansyou’rechallengingyourselftolearn.Remindyourselfthatdifficultyandstrugglesareanaturalpartofpushingyourselftogrowasalearner.Justasyoucanpushyourselftorunfasterbypushingyourmusclestotheirlimit，youcanpushyourbraintoworkextrahard.Themoreyoupush，themoreyourmuscleswillbesore(酸痛的)andtiredinthemoment.__4__Frustrationcanbeasignthatyourbrainisgettingsoreandtired.Step3：ResetTrytakingashortbreak.Afewminutesawaymightbewhatyourbrainneeds.Then，comebacktoyourwork.__5__Thisstepisveryimportant！Ifallyoucanfocusonishowfrustratedyouare，itmaybehardforyourbraintobereadytolearn.Ontheotherhand，becarefulnottousethissteptorunawayfromthethingthatismakingyoufrustrated.Thegoodnewsisthatthemoretimesyougothroughthesesteps，thestrongeryourgoodhabitswillbecome.A．Don’tignoreit.B．Youcan’tfigureitout.C．Often，youwillseetheproblemwithfresheyes.D．Sometimesstrugglesandalittlefrustrationareagoodthing.E．Butwhenthatsorenessgoesaway，yourmusclesarestronger.F．Createaplanforwhatyouwilldonexttimetoovercomethefrustration.G．Hereareafewstepstohelpyoubecomebetteratdealingwithfrustration.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了幫助我們更好處理沮喪的幾個步驟。練習這幾個步驟會讓我們更容易堅持嘗試，在學習的過程中更少地產生沮喪。1．G[考查上下文銜接。瀏覽全文可知，本文介紹了處理沮喪的幾個步驟?？蘸笠痪浔硎鼍毩曀鼈兊暮锰?，由此可推斷，G項“這里有幫助你更好地處理沮喪的幾個步驟”符合語境。]2．A[考查上下文銜接?？涨暗摹癛ecognizeyourfrustration.”和空后的“Allowingyourselftobefrustrated”都在強調要接納自己的沮喪，即承認你的沮喪，允許自己感到沮喪。A項“不要忽視它”承接上下文，其中的it指代“frustration”。]3．D[考查主旨句?？仗帪槎问拙?，根據文章結構可知，空處為該部分的主旨句。根據空處后面的內容可以看出該部分意在表明困難和掙扎對于自我學習和成長的促進作用。由此可知，D項“有時掙扎和一點兒沮喪是一件好事”能總結該部分的內容。]4．E[考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪浔硎瞿阍酵苿幽愕募∪?，你的肌肉在那一刻就越會感到酸痛和疲勞。結合語境可知，此處應表述這樣做的好處，故E項“但是當那種酸痛消失后，你的肌肉就會更強壯”與此處匹配。]5．C[考查上下文銜接?？涨疤岬蕉虝旱男菹⒅笤倩氐焦ぷ髦?，而空后提到如果你只能專注于你有多沮喪，你的大腦可能很難做好學習的準備。由此可推知空處說明了休息的好處；C項“通常你會用新的視角看待問題”銜接上下文。]D(2021·福建省高三診斷性練習)Peopleoftenwanttosimplifytheirlives.Ithasalotofstresstohaveacomplicatedlife，fullofschedules，meetings，possessions，andsoforth.Usually，asimplerlifetranslatesaslessanxiety，stressandworry.__1__Followthestep－by－stepprocessbelowtosimplifyyourlife.First，getridofallthepossessionsyouhaven’tusedinthelastyear.Ifyouhaven’tputathingtouseinoneyear，itisprobablynotworthkeeping：__2__Putanythingyouhaven’tusedinoneyearinthatbag.Next，manageyoursocialmediaandelectronicdevices.Weusuallyspendmoretimeonourdevicesthanweimagine.Thesedays，peoplecanspendthemajorityoftheirdaysonsocialmediaandelectronicdevices.Theseall－in－onedevicesaregreattools.__3__Onadeeperlevel，wecansimplifyourthinking.Mostofourthinkingisnotnecessary.__4__Ifyoudonotwanttogothatfar，trytoignorethethoughtsthatarenotrelatedtothepresent.Acontinuousstreamofthoughtsisnotnecessary.Sure，someplanningshouldbedoneforthefuture，butthereisnoneedtooverthink.__5__Wecangetridofpossessionsthatarenon－essential，manageoursocialmediaandelectronicdevices，andalsocleanupourthinkingsothatwearemoreinthepresentanddonotengageinunnecessaryworry，oranxiety.Allthesethingstakeenergyandtime，ofwhichweonlyhavealimitedamount.A．Nothoughtisimportant.B．Getridofelectronicdevices.C．So，howdowesimplifyourlives?D．Isplanningourthoughtseffort－making?E．Simplifyingourlivesisacomplextask.F．Buttheyshouldnotbecomethemainfocusofourlife.G．Getabiggarbagebagandwalkaroundyourlivingspace.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。人們都想要簡化生活，以減少焦慮、壓力與憂慮。文章從三個方面就此提出了建議。1．C[考查上下文銜接?？蘸笾v到按照下面的步驟一步一步地簡化生活，因此空處應是對此句的設問，故C項“那么怎樣簡化我們的生活呢？”符合語境。]2．G[考查上下文銜接。根據空后句中的“inthatbag”可知，空處應提到“bag”，故G項與空后句“把一年內不用的東西放到那個袋里”語意連貫，符合邏輯。]3．F[考查上下文銜接。根據本段主旨句可知，要管理電子設備的使用，結合空前一句可知，雖然這些多功能電子設備是很好的工具，但是它們不應成為我們生活中的重心，故F項符合語境。]4．A[考查上下文銜接。根據本段首句可知，本段主要講我們可以簡化思考?？涨爸v我們大部分的思考是不必要的，A項(沒有思考很重要)是對上句的遞進性闡述，符合語境。]5．E[考查段落主旨句。根據本段尾句可知，上述的三條建議都要花費精力與時間，而我們的精力與時間是有限的。故E項(簡化我們的生活是一項復雜的工作)可作本段主旨句。]E(2021·石家莊市質量檢測一)Haveyoueverwonderedwhyyou’renotashappyasyou’dliketobe？BasedonmyownpersonalexperienceandthehappinessfactspublishedbyHarvardUniversity，I’vesummarizedthefollowinghabitsthatwillmakeyouhappy!Laughoften.Laughteristhemostpowerfulmedicineforangerordepression.Researchhasshownthatthesimpleactofsmilingcanincreaseyourfeelingofhappiness.__1__Trytofindhumorandlaughterinlife’severydaystruggles.Keepyouragreements.Ourself－respectisbuiltontheagreementswe’vemadewithourselvesandwithothers.Andhighself－respecthasadirectrelationshipwithhappiness.__2__Doyourbestandthenletgo.Everyonehaslimitations，andthingsdon’talwaysturnouttobewhatwe’dlikethemtobe—despiteourefforts.Soalwaysgiveyourbest，andthenletgo.__3__Whenyou’vedoneyourbest，you’llhavenoregrets.Giveback.__4__AccordingtoHarvard，whenpeopledogood，theirbrainsbecomeactiveintheverysamerewardcenterthatisstimulatedwhentheyexperienceotherrewards.Soit’snotasurprisethatpeoplewhocaremoreaboutothersarehappierthanthosewhocarelessaboutothers.Thesehappinesshabitshaveproventobetrueinmyownlife.DuringthoseperiodswhenIfocusondevelopingthehabitslistedabove，Idofeelhappierandmorefulfilled—likenow.Happinessisnotanaccident.__5__A．Leteventsruntheircourse.B．Sodon’ttakelifetooseriously.C．Sodowhatyousayyou’regoingtodo.D．Whenwesucceed，we’remorelikelytobehappy.E．Thisisthebestwaytoovercomeyourlimitations.F．It’saconsciousdecisionthattakesaconsciouseffort.G．Helpingothersisoneofthesurestwaystofeelgood.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了幾個讓人幸福的習慣，包括常笑和幫助他人。1．B[考查上下文銜接。根據空前一句表述的“研究表明，一個簡單的微笑行為可以增加你的幸福感”和空后一句表述的“在每日的奮斗中努力找到幽默和笑聲”可知，B項“所以不要跟生活太較真”符合語境。]2．C[考查總結句。結合本段內容可知，本段主要講自尊、言行一致和幸福三者之間的關系。言行一致是自尊的基礎，而高度的自尊又與幸福有直接關系，所以C項“因此你要言出必行”符合語境。]3．A[考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v的是“所以永遠盡自己最大的努力，然后放手”，而空后一句講的是“當你已盡了自己最大努力，你就沒有遺憾了”，因此A項“讓事情順其自然”符合語境。]4．G[考查上下文銜接。本段總結句講的是關心他人更多的人比關心他人更少的人更幸福，這并不是一個令人驚訝的事，故G項“幫助別人是能感到快樂的最可靠的方法之一”符合語境。]5．F[考查上下文銜接。根據空前一句表述的“幸福不是一件偶然的事”可知，F項“這是一個需要有意識的努力來作出的有意識的決定”符合語境。]說明文專練三A(2021·貴州省適應性測試)Areyouafraidofexpressingideasormakingnegativecomments？Doyoualwayssayyestoseekshelterorwantapprovalfromothers？__1__Youprobablytendtosatisfyotherpeople’sneedsaheadofyourown.Inthelongrun，itwillhaveasideeffectonyourlife.It’lltakesometimeforyoutoadjust，andit’stimetoknowhow.·Say“no”effectively.Itmighttakesomepractice，butletpeopleknowwhenyoucan’tdowhattheywant.Ifaflat“no”seemsdifficulttoyou，showyourunderstandingforthepersonandhisorherneeds.__2__·Setyourpriorities.__3__Ithelpsyouchoosewhattosayyestoandwhattodecline.Ifyoufeeltrappedinadecision，writealistofyourdemands(oroptions)andplacetheminorderofwhat’smostimportanttoyou.·__4__There’snothingwrongwithvoicingyouropinions.Simplyremindingpeoplethatyou’reanindividualwithyourownpreferenceisabigstepforward.Ifyoutendtopleasepeoplebygoingalongwithotherpeopleinsteadofvoicingyourlikesordislikes，speakout.·Takecareofyourself.Ignoringyourneedscanbeasignofalackofself－love.Lookingafteryourselfandtakingcareofyourbodyisn’tselfish.__5__Eathealthymeals，exerciseregularly，anddothingsthatmakeyourbodyfeelgood.A．Developyourpreference.B．Speakupforwhatyouwant.C．Sparesometimeeachdayforyourhealth.D．Ifyouagreetohelpsomeone，setatimelimit.E．Ifyes，youmaybeclassifiedasapeoplepleaser.F．Placethemostimportantatthetopoftheschedule.G．Still，youneedtobefirminsayingthatyoucannothelpthem.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了如何做到不討好他人，比如有效地說“不”，照顧好自己等。1．E[考查上下文銜接。根據上文中的一般疑問句可知，空處應該是對這些問題的回答或歸納，選項中只有E項符合這一要求。]2．G[考查總結句。本段的標題講“有效地說‘不’”，再根據空前一句表述的“如果斷然拒絕對你來說是困難的，那就展示你對別人及其需要的理解”可知，空處應該會與空前一句形成轉折，呼應標題，因此G項符合語境。]3．F[考查上下文銜接。本段的標題表述了“設置你的優(yōu)先事項”，再根據空后一句表述的“它幫助你選擇什么能說‘好’，什么需要拒絕”可知，空處講的應與“為自己設置一個有優(yōu)先級的事件表”有關的內容，所以F項符合語境。]4．B[考查段落小標題。通讀本段可知，本段主要講“要說出自己的喜好”，故B項適合作本段的小標題。]5．C[考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v“照顧自己和自己的身體并不是自私”，而空后一句表述了“要擁有健康飲食，有規(guī)律地鍛煉，并做一些讓自己的身體感覺良好的事情”，所以C項“每天為自己的健康抽出一些時間”符合語境。]B(2021·甘肅省第二次高考診斷)TipsonEnhancingYourMemoryOneofthemostcommonproblemstodayisforgetfulness.Manypeoplearesearchingforthekeytoabettermemory.__1__Enhanceyourmemorybyusingassociations.Thefirsttechniquetorememberthingsistheassociationtechnique.Thisincludestheuseofmnemonics(助記符號)orthingssimilartoaparticularwordinordertorememberwhatshouldbememorized.__2__However，theassociationsthatapersoncreateshimselfwillhelptorememberthingsmoreeasilyandmorequickly.Enhanceyourmemorybyrepetition.__3__Stimuli(刺激物)arethingsthatstimulateapersontomakehisbrainwork.Asapersonrepeatedlyacquiresstimulitomake