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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南開大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

His()keepshimfromtakingpartinsports.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prosperity

B.punctuality

C.humor

D.sloth

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prosperity“繁榮,成功”;B選項(xiàng)punctuality“嚴(yán)守時(shí)間;正確”;C選項(xiàng)humor“幽默,詼諧”;D選項(xiàng)sloth“怠惰,懶惰。句意:他因懶散而不參加體育運(yùn)動。根據(jù)句意“不參加體育運(yùn)動”可知D項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Themayorwasaskedto()hisspeechinordertoallowhisaudiencetoraise

questions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrain

B.conduct

C.condense

D.converge

【答案】C

【解析】句意:市長被要求()講話,以便讓他的聽眾提問。A選項(xiàng)constrain限制;B選項(xiàng)conduct控制,實(shí)施;C選項(xiàng)condense壓縮,濃縮;D選項(xiàng)converge聚集。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguistics?

2.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

3.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

4.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconductedbecause______.

5.Whichofthefollowingwillserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearning.

B.Thesecondlanguage.

C.Theforeignlanguage.

D.Secondlanguageacquisition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,someforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.

B.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,anyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.

C.SLAresearchexaminesforeignlanguagelearning.

D.SLAresearchexaminesfirstlanguagelearning.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework

B.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldnotbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.

C.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavebeentreateddifferentlyinsecondlanguageacquisitionframework

D.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavenotbeentreatedindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework

B.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework.

C.learningathirdlanguageisnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.

D.learningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.InsideSLA

B.OutsideSLA

C.FutureofSLA

D.ThethirdlanguageandSLA

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章中的Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.(第二語言和外語學(xué)習(xí)之間的區(qū)別在于第二語言習(xí)得領(lǐng)域可能導(dǎo)致困惑,第二語言習(xí)得是應(yīng)用語言學(xué)的一個(gè)分支學(xué)科,旨在了解人們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí)第二語言以及影響他們語言學(xué)習(xí)的因素)可知選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章中的SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.(第二語習(xí)得研究不僅研究第二語言學(xué)習(xí),而且也研究任何外語、第三或第四語言學(xué)習(xí))可知選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章中的Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.(由于語言學(xué)習(xí)的復(fù)雜性,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)第二語習(xí)得著作通常把在同樣的第二語言習(xí)得框架里討論第二語言和外語學(xué)習(xí))可知D選項(xiàng)“第二語言和外語學(xué)習(xí)一直沒有在不同的的第二語言習(xí)得框架里討論”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章中的Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.(當(dāng)然,我們知道學(xué)習(xí)第三語言并不一定等同于學(xué)習(xí)第二語言)可知D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)第三語言不一定等于學(xué)習(xí)第二語言”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了第二語言習(xí)得(SLA)研究的內(nèi)容與目的,根據(jù)文章最后一句Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.(隨著研究的深入,第三語言或第四語言習(xí)得的理論框架將逐漸形成)可知C選項(xiàng)“第二語言習(xí)得的未來”符合題意。

4.單選題

IfEnglishisnotourfirstlanguage,youcanoftenbepuzzledbywaysofexpressionthatthenativespeakerofEnglishdoesnotevenhaveto____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thinkout

B.thinkabout

C.thinkover

D.thinkfor

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.thinkout仔細(xì)權(quán)衡B.thinkabout考慮(到)

C.thinkover仔細(xì)考慮D.thinkfor思考;為……著想

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】短語辨析

【解題思路】空格處所填詞的主語為“以英語為母語的人”,根據(jù)上下文語境,母語者在使用自己的語言時(shí),不需要經(jīng)過太多的思考,他們脫口而出的很多表達(dá)在非母語者看來是難以理解的,C選項(xiàng)thinkover“仔細(xì)考慮”最符合前后文語境。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)thinkout“仔細(xì)權(quán)衡”,側(cè)重于指在采取行動前把方方面面都考慮到;

B選項(xiàng)thinkabout“考慮(到)”,側(cè)重于指為解決問題而動腦筋思考;

D選項(xiàng)thinkfor“為……著想”,側(cè)重于指替某人著想;接時(shí)間時(shí),也可以指思考的時(shí)間。

【句意】如果英語不是我們的第一語言,你可能經(jīng)常會被一些以英語為母語的人不用思考就能理解的表達(dá)方式所迷惑。

5.單選題

Warmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctsanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritorialityareexpressedthroughactsofviolence.Theseareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnatesurvivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservationthatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistence.But,ontheotherhand,humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehavior.Inthecaseofhumanaggression,violencecannotbesimplyreducedtoaninstinct.Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietiesviolencehasasocialfunction:Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersofviolence.Wewilllookattheritualandethicalpatternswithinwhichhumanviolencehasbeendirected.

Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themoresocietytakesresponsibilityforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthepersonwhocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecyclesofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.

Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmsitssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments.

1.Humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat(

).

2.Thefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassage,is

).

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused”(Lines5-6,Para.2)?

4.Theword“allegiance”(Line5,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto

).

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itthreatenstheexistingsocialsystems

B.itisinfluencedbysociety

C.ithasrootsinreligiousconflicts

D.itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsoflaw

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tocontrolviolencewithinasociety

B.toprotecttheworldfromchaos

C.tofreesocietyfromtheideaofrevenge

D.togivethegovernmentabsolutepower

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Legalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalviolence.

B.Offensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonapersonalbasis.

C.Victimsofviolencefinditmoredifficulttotakerevenge.

D.Punishmentisnotcarriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsinvolved.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.loyalty

B.objective

C.survival

D.motive

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Governmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofwar.

B.Intimesofwargovernmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalborders.

C.Intimesofwargovernmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirpeople.

D.Governmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofwar.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.(人類暴力的許多表現(xiàn)形式總是受到社會習(xí)俗的制約,這些社會習(xí)俗形成了侵略性的行為)可知B選項(xiàng)“它受社會的影響”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.(社會中的暴力行為是通過法律制度來控制的)可知A選項(xiàng)“控制社會中的暴力”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段中的Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment(社會承擔(dān)起保護(hù)個(gè)人免受暴力侵害的責(zé)任,不能保護(hù)的,由社會負(fù)責(zé)處罰)是對前面句子Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused(但在法律制度中,復(fù)仇的責(zé)任變得非個(gè)性化和普及)進(jìn)行解釋,因此D選項(xiàng)“懲罰不是由有關(guān)個(gè)人直接執(zhí)行的”符合題意。

4.詞義題。A選項(xiàng)loyalty“忠誠”;B選項(xiàng)objective“目標(biāo)”;C選項(xiàng)survival“幸存”;D選項(xiàng)motive“動機(jī)”。由文章第三段中的itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice(這是國家對它的子民提出的承諾、allegiance和至高無上的犧牲最強(qiáng)有力命令的時(shí)刻)可知recommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice為并列的名詞詞語,allegiance的感情色彩要與承諾、犧牲的感情色彩一致,結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思以及句意可知A選項(xiàng)最為恰當(dāng)。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.(戰(zhàn)爭不僅僅是通過戰(zhàn)斗來解決國家間爭端的審判;這是國家對它的子民提出的承諾、忠誠和至高無上的犧牲最強(qiáng)有力命令的時(shí)刻)可知D選項(xiàng)“在戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期,政府可以為了國家的利益犧牲個(gè)人”符合題意。

6.寫作題

AforeignfriendofyourshasrecentlygraduatedfromcollegeandintendstofindajobinChina.Writehimanemailtomakesomesuggestions.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheend.Use"LiMingOpen"instead.

Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.(10points)

【答案】Dearfriend,

AsastudentofPekingUniversity,IamwritingthisletterforthepurposeofgivingyousomesuggestionsabouthowtofindadecentandsuperiorjobinChina.Theconcerningsuggestionsareasfollows.

Tobeginwith,greatemphasisshouldbeattachedtotheintegrityandrichnessofresume,whichisapreconditionandbasisforfindingajob.Undoubtedly,agoodresumegetsyourfootinthedoorandwilldetermineifyouactuallygettothenextstep—ajobinterview.Moreimportantly,itisbeneficialforyoutodeliveryourresumeonseveraljobboardssothatyoucanhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.

Thankyouforyourdueattentiontothisletter.IhopethatyoumayfindtheadviceaboveusefulandIamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.

Yourssincerely,【解析】親愛的朋友:

作為一名北京大學(xué)的學(xué)生,我寫這封信是為了給你一些建議,告訴你如何在中國找到一份體面而優(yōu)越的工作。有關(guān)建議如下。

首先,要高度重視簡歷的完整性和豐富性,這是找工作的前提和基礎(chǔ)。毫無疑問,一份好的簡歷是求職的敲門磚,并決定你是否真正進(jìn)入下一步——面試。更重要的是,在多個(gè)求職平臺上投遞簡歷對你是有好處的,這樣你就能有更大的幾率被錄用。

感謝你對這封信的關(guān)注。希望上述建議對你有用。我期待著收到你的來信。

最真摯的,7.單選題

Thechangesinthiscityhaveoccurred().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withswiftness

B.fastly

C.rapidly

D.inrapidways

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。swift、fast和rapid都是快的意思。swift,含有平穩(wěn)、馬上、優(yōu)美的意思;fast作副詞時(shí),可指物體或人的速度快,主要用來修飾人或物體的動作,fast本身就有副詞的作用。英語中,幾乎不見fastly這個(gè)詞,所以B選項(xiàng)排除;rapid是正式用語,多指運(yùn)動本身,強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)動的高速度,所指的速度有時(shí)有“對人有益”的含義,常??膳cfast互換使用,但語氣比fast強(qiáng)。例如:Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathisparentswereveryglad.(他取得了如此快的進(jìn)步,以至于他的父母都很高興。),副詞形式是rapidly,修飾動詞occur應(yīng)該用副詞,所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:這個(gè)城市的變化發(fā)生得很快。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Someanthropologistsclaimthatafewapeshavebeentaughtarudimentarysignlanguages,butskepticsarguethattheapesareonly_______theirtrainers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imitating

B.condoning

C.instructing

D.acknowledging

【答案】A

【解析】imitating模仿,效法;condoning寬恕,赦免;instructing指導(dǎo),教;acknowledging承認(rèn),答謝。句意:一些人類學(xué)家聲稱,一些猿類已經(jīng)學(xué)會了基本的手語,但持懷疑態(tài)度的人認(rèn)為,猿類只是在模仿它們的馴獸師。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Sheoughttostopwork;shehasaheadachebecauseshe______toolong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenreading

B.hadread

C.isreading

D.read

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:她應(yīng)該停止工作;她因?yàn)榭磿枚^痛?,F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作從某一時(shí)間開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能仍然要繼續(xù)下去,或者剛剛終止。根據(jù)前半句她應(yīng)該停止工作可知看書的動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能要繼續(xù)下去,確定用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),A選項(xiàng)hasbeenreading符合題意。B選項(xiàng)hadread是過去完成時(shí),動作發(fā)生在過去的過去,側(cè)重事情的結(jié)果;C選項(xiàng)isreading是正在進(jìn)行時(shí),動作正在發(fā)生;D選項(xiàng)read是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Perhapsmostimportant,thereportcould_______morelight,thoughitdoesgivesome,onhowchildwelfareischangingovertime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glance

B.reckon

C.cast

D.resort

【答案】C

【解析】glance掃視,匆匆一看;reckon估計(jì),猜想;cast投,拋,計(jì)算;resort求助。castlighton使明白,使真相大白。句意:也許最重要的是,雖然報(bào)告中涉及了一些,但報(bào)告應(yīng)該讓我們明白,隨著時(shí)間的推移兒童福利正在發(fā)生怎樣的變化。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Iaskedthecounselortogivemea()estimateofthefeeofdefendingmycaseincourt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rude

B.crude

C.rough

D.coarse

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)rude表示“粗魯?shù)?;無禮的,未開化的”,B選項(xiàng)crude表示“粗糙的,天然的,未加工的”,C選項(xiàng)rough表示“粗糙的,粗略的,艱苦的,未加工的”,D選項(xiàng)coarse表示“粗鄙的;粗糙的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞estimate可知,我讓律師對我的案件上庭辯護(hù)所需費(fèi)用進(jìn)行粗略估算。因此,只有C項(xiàng)最符合原文語境,故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Restrainthemselvesfromhigh-riskinvestments.

B.Saveone-fifthoftheirnetmonthlyincome.

C.Investshrewdlyinlucrativebusinesses.

D.Trytoearnasmuchmoneyaspossible.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Startbydoingsomethingsmall.

B.Askaclosefriendforadvice.

C.Trytosticktotheirinitialplan.

D.Cut20%oftheirdailyspending.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Anoptimisticattitude.

B.Anambitiousplan.

C.Apropermindset.

D.Akeeninterest.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

【解析】PassageOne

Toachievefinancialsecurity,howmuchyousaveisalwaysmoreimportantthantheamountyouearnorhowshrewdlyyouinvest.[9]Ifyou’reunder30yearsold,yourgoalshouldbetosave20%ofyourmonthlyincomeaftertaxdeductions.Thisisirrespectiveofhowmuchyouearn.Approximately50%shouldbereservedforessentialslikefoodandaccommodation.Theremaining30%isforrecreationandentertainment.Butformanyyoungpeople,it’llbedifficulttodesignatesuchalargeproportionoftheirincomeforsavings.[10]Ifyoufindithardtosaveanymoneyatall,startbycuttingallunnecessaryspending.Allocateatinyamountofoneortwopercentforsavingsandgraduallyincreasethatamount.Alwayskeepthat20%goalinmindtopreventyourselffrombecomingcomplacent.Itcanbechallengingtosticktosuchastrictplan.[11]Butifyouadopttherightmindset,youshouldbeabletomakeitworkforyou.Sowhatshouldyoubedoingwiththemoneythatyou’resaving?Somemustbekepteasilyaccessibleincaseyouneedsomecashinanemergency.Thelargestproportionshouldbeinvestedinretirementplanseitherthroughyouremployerorprivately.Andyoucankeepsomemoneyforhighriskbutpotentiallylucrativeinvestments.Dividendscanbereinvestedorusedtopurchasesomethingyoulike.Byfollowingthisplan,youshouldhopefullybeabletoenjoyyourlifenowandstillbefinanciallysecureinthefuture.

9.Whatarepeopleunderthirtyadvisedtodotoachievefinancialsecurity?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問30歲以下的人要做些什么來獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)上的保障?錄音開頭提到,如果你不到30歲,你的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是在扣除每月收入的稅款后,將其中的20%存起來,B選項(xiàng)“把每月凈收入的五分之一存起來”,其中one-fifth是對錄音中20%的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“避免高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資”,錄音中說的是,你可以存一些錢用于高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)但可能有高回報(bào)的投資,選項(xiàng)與原文表述不符,因此不正確;C選項(xiàng)“精明地投資利潤豐厚的企業(yè)”和D選項(xiàng)“努力賺盡可能多的錢”,錄音開頭就提到,為獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)上的保障,存錢比賺錢和投資更加重要,因此均可排除。

10.Whatshouldpeopledoiftheyfinditdifficulttofollowthespeaker’sadviceontheirfinancialplan?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于說話者提供的財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃建議,如果人們很難去執(zhí)行,那么他們應(yīng)該做什么?錄音中提到,如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)存錢很難,那就從削減所有不必要的開支開始,A選項(xiàng)“從小事做起”與原文表述最為相符,因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“向親密的朋友尋求建議”和C選項(xiàng)“盡力堅(jiān)持他們最初的計(jì)劃”在錄音中沒有信息提及,因此排除;D項(xiàng)“削減20%的日常開支”,錄音中說的是削減不必要的開支,選項(xiàng)意思與錄音表述不符,因此不正確。

11.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkisimportantforachievingfinancialsecurity?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問說話者認(rèn)為什么對實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的保障很重要?錄音中提到,如果你采取了正確的心態(tài)(adopttherightmindset),那么如此嚴(yán)格的財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃就能發(fā)揮作用,也就是能夠幫助你實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的保障,因此C選項(xiàng)“恰當(dāng)?shù)男膽B(tài)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一種樂觀的態(tài)度”;B選項(xiàng)“一份雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃”和D選項(xiàng)“一種濃厚的興趣”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除。

13.單選題

Inordertosurvivenowand()inthefuture,alltheworkingstaffmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maximize

B.thrive

C.erect

D.recruit

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)maximize“最大化,極大”;B選項(xiàng)thrive“繁榮,興旺,茁壯成長”;C選項(xiàng)erect“豎立,建造,創(chuàng)立”;D選項(xiàng)recruit“征募,聘用”。句意:為了現(xiàn)在的生存和未來的繁榮,所有的員工必須不斷地為企業(yè)的各個(gè)方面創(chuàng)造新的想法。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Itisimpossibletosayhowitwilltakeplace,becauseitwillhappen____,anditwillnotbealongprocess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consequently

B.approximately

C.principally

D.spontaneously

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.consequently因此B.approximately大約

C.principally原則上D.spontaneously自發(fā)地

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯

【解題思路】由because可知,前后兩句之間是因果關(guān)系。因此空格處所在分句“它會____發(fā)生”是前文“不可能說它將如何發(fā)生”的原因。因此,D選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自發(fā)地”符合原句語義邏輯,因?yàn)槭亲园l(fā)發(fā)生的,所以不清楚它將如何發(fā)生。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原句語義邏輯。

【句意】不可能說它將如何發(fā)生,因?yàn)樗鼘⒆园l(fā)地發(fā)生,并且不會是一個(gè)漫長的過程。

15.單選題

Thecountry'sproductiondroppedwhilepricesandunemployed(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.under-questioned

B.out-space

C.overestimated

D.skyrocketed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。under-question“在受盤問中”;out-space是名詞,意思是“外部空間”;overestimate“對……估計(jì)過高”;skyrocket“飛漲;猛漲”。While前后是對比關(guān)系,前面提到“這個(gè)國家的生產(chǎn)下降”,因此后面是表示“價(jià)格和失業(yè)率在上升”,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

ThebureaudevelopsandimplementsUSforeigneconomicpolicyandtriesto_______America'seconomicinterestswithitsforeignpolicy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.undertake

B.resolve

C.obey

D.reconcile

【答案】D

【解析】undertake承擔(dān),保證;resolve決心;obey服從;reconcile使和解,使一致。句意:該局制定和實(shí)施美國的對外經(jīng)濟(jì)政策,并努力使美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益與其外交政策相協(xié)調(diào)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

17.單選題

Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheEarthisfinite,

(1)

absolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferent(2)Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;

(3)

thequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturing

(4)

mustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.

Thecostofaproduct

(5)

moneymaynotmeasureitstruecost

(6)

society.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthe

(7)

oftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasa

(8)

Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety'savailableresources;itmeansthe

(9)

ofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.In

(10)

howtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythe

(11)

ofthecommunity,thisopportunitymustbetakenintoaccount.

Inamarket

(12)

thepriceofagoodandthequantity

(13)

dependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,

(14)

,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanism

(15)

thisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andother

(16)

usedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceofthese

(17)

,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduce

(18)

iftheleathercanusedtoproducehandbagsthatare

(19)

highlybyconsumers,thepriceoftheleatherwillbebidup

(20)

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.composing

B.imposing

C.exposing

D.disposing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.uses

B.ways

C.areas

D.forms

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.unless

C.as

D.if

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.plant

B.firm

C.process

D.procedure

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.inregardto

B.intermsof

C.inviewof

D.inrelationto

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.in

C.on

D.of

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.charge

B.expense

C.price

D.value

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.product

B.purpose

C.result

D.rule

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.diminishing

B.abandoning

C.discarding

D.substituting

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.deciding

B.assessing

C.predicting

D.projecting

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.wants

B.desires

C.premises

D.facilities

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.state

B.system

C.condition

D.economy

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.presented

B.delivered

C.supplied

D.forwarded

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.accordingly

B.ultimately

C.consequently

D.practically

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.formulates

B.regulates

C.enhances

D.enforces

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.components

B.substances

C.elements

D.materials

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.outputs

B.inputs

C.goods

D.articles

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.anyway

B.somehow

C.somewhere

D.elsewhere

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.appraised

B.appealed

C.approved

D.approached

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.passionately

B.unanimously

C.spontaneously

D.correspondingly

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:A

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】(1)動詞辨析題。由所給出的選項(xiàng)可知,此處需要現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語,相當(dāng)于次要謂語,說明“地球表面有限”與“絕對資源短缺”的關(guān)系。據(jù)此判斷,B選項(xiàng)imposing“強(qiáng)加”表明這種“絕對短缺”是一種自然狀況,是我們無法改變的,用在此處最恰當(dāng)。A選項(xiàng)composing“構(gòu)成”,C選項(xiàng)exposing“暴露,揭示”,D選項(xiàng)disposing“安排,處理”,四個(gè)詞的詞根相同,詞義不同,屬于干擾選項(xiàng)。

(2)介詞辨析題。從與介詞in的搭配上看,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)皆可用,但據(jù)其下文看,涉及的都是資源的應(yīng)用問題,故A選項(xiàng)uses“用法,用途”正確;B選項(xiàng)ways“方法";C選項(xiàng)areas“領(lǐng)域”;D選項(xiàng)forms“形式”,均不合題意。

(3)連詞辨析題。上句說明了“相對資源短缺”的一個(gè)意義。此句則解釋它的另一意義“投入資源的數(shù)量是有限的,它用于制造某種產(chǎn)品上的數(shù)量增加,必然導(dǎo)致在其他應(yīng)用上的減少”。所以D選項(xiàng)if“如果”表示條件,正確。A選項(xiàng)“由于,既然”;B選項(xiàng)“如果……不,除非”;C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)椤本缓暇湟膺壿嫛?/p>

(4)名詞辨析題。由上題的分析可知,C選項(xiàng)“過程”正確,manufacturingprocess意指“制造或生產(chǎn)某物的過程”。A選項(xiàng)“工廠”;B選項(xiàng)“公司”;D選項(xiàng)“程序”。

(5)介詞短語辨析題。根據(jù)句意判斷,B選項(xiàng)“按照,就……而言”,介詞短語intermsofmoney修飾thecostofaproduct意為“一種產(chǎn)品的貨幣成本”。A選項(xiàng)“至于”,C選項(xiàng)“由于”,D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)系到”,均不符合語境。

(6)介詞用法辨析題。thecostofsth.意為“……的費(fèi)用或成本”,thecosttosb./sth.意為“……所付出的費(fèi)用或代價(jià)”。句意“一種產(chǎn)品的貨幣成本不能表明社會付出的實(shí)際代價(jià)”確定A選項(xiàng)正確。

(7)名詞辨析題。此空處于表語位置,應(yīng)與其主語thetruecost相呼應(yīng),所以D選項(xiàng)“價(jià)值,(公平的)代價(jià)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“要價(jià),收費(fèi)”;B選項(xiàng)“花費(fèi),開支”;C選項(xiàng)“價(jià)格”,皆不適用。

(8)名詞辨析題。將各選項(xiàng)分別代入句中,A選項(xiàng)asaproduct“作為一種產(chǎn)品”;B選項(xiàng)asapurpose“作為一種用途”;C選項(xiàng)asaresult“作為一種結(jié)果,因此”;D項(xiàng)asarule“通常”,根據(jù)句意“比如,制造一架超音速噴氣式飛機(jī)的實(shí)際成本,就是因此而不能建造許多學(xué)校和冰箱的代價(jià)?!贝_定C選項(xiàng)正確。

(9)動詞辨析題。此題的前一句指出每項(xiàng)生產(chǎn)活動都消耗掉一部分社會可用資源,這意味著什么呢?根據(jù)句意‘它意味著放棄創(chuàng)造其他東西的機(jī)會。’確定B選項(xiàng)abandoning“放棄”符合句意;A選項(xiàng)“減少”,C選項(xiàng)“丟棄”,D選項(xiàng)“取代”均不合句意。

(10)動詞辨析題。根據(jù)上一句的論斷,此句提出建議,句意:在決定如何最有效地利用資源來滿足社區(qū)的…時(shí),必須考慮到這一機(jī)會。所以A選項(xiàng)deciding“對……作出抉擇,覺得”正確。

(11)動詞辨析題。動詞satisfy常與needs,demand,wants等詞連用,句意:在決定如何最有效地利用資源來滿足社區(qū)的需要時(shí),必須考慮到這一機(jī)會。所以A“需要(之物)”正確;B“愿望",C“前提",D“設(shè)施”,均不合句意。

(12)名詞辨析題。marketeconomy“市場經(jīng)濟(jì)”是常用搭配,而economy又有“就經(jīng)濟(jì)體制而言的國家”,經(jīng)濟(jì)制度”之意,因而A選項(xiàng)“國家”,B選項(xiàng)“制度”均可排除;C“狀況”不合句意,D選項(xiàng)正確。

(13)動詞辨析題。此空所需的分詞修飾thequantity“數(shù)量”,句意:在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中,一種商品的價(jià)格和供應(yīng)量取決于制造它的成本,所以C選項(xiàng)“供應(yīng)(生產(chǎn))”恰當(dāng),正確。A選項(xiàng)“提交”,B選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)送,交付”,D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)送”,不合句意。

(14)副詞辨析題。句意:在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中,一種商品的價(jià)格和供應(yīng)量取決于制造它的成本,而成本最終是不制造其他商品的成本。此處的thecost不同于上句末的thecostofmakingit,而是指其后果造成的代價(jià),B選項(xiàng)“最終,終極”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因此”,C選項(xiàng)“因此,所以”,D選項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上”,均不合句意。

(15)動詞辨析題。此段第1句闡明了在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下商品的制造成本與社會成本之間的連帶關(guān)系。由此可見,這種關(guān)系是市場機(jī)制的突出特點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng),強(qiáng)調(diào)”正確,A選項(xiàng)“制定,用公式表示”,B選項(xiàng)“控制,調(diào)整”,C選項(xiàng)“提高,增加”,均不合句意。

(16)名詞辨析題。由other可知,此處所需之詞不僅指制做皮鞋所需的各種材料,還應(yīng)包括投入的人工、時(shí)間等。句意:市場機(jī)制強(qiáng)化了這種關(guān)系。比如說,一雙鞋的成本就是皮革、燃料和生產(chǎn)過程中使用的其他元素的價(jià)格。C選項(xiàng)“成分,要素”最具概括性,符合句意。A選項(xiàng)“構(gòu)成部分,部件”,B選項(xiàng)“物質(zhì)”,D選項(xiàng)“材料”,太片面,不合句意。

(17)名詞辨析題。與上題類似,此處同樣需要一個(gè)能概括各種要素的詞,句意:但這些投入的價(jià)格,反過來又取決于它們能生產(chǎn)…。B選項(xiàng)“投入”正確。A選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)出”,C選項(xiàng)“商品”,D選項(xiàng)“物品”,不合句意。

(18)副詞辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘但反過來,這些投入的價(jià)格又取決于它們在其他地方能生產(chǎn)什么’判斷,D選項(xiàng)“在別處”,意指生產(chǎn)其他商品,符合句意。破折號后的句子對此做了具體說明。A選項(xiàng)“無論如何”,B選項(xiàng)“以某種方式”,C選項(xiàng)“在某處”,不合句意。

(19)動詞辨析題。由后面主句中的willbebidup“會被抬高”判斷,此處用A選項(xiàng)“評價(jià)”符合句意‘如果皮革能用于生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)者高度評價(jià)的手袋,’。B選項(xiàng)“有吸引力”,非及物動詞不可用被動語態(tài),排除;C選項(xiàng)“贊成”,D選項(xiàng)“處理,對付”,不合句意。

(20)副詞辨析題。根據(jù)if從句的句意‘如果這些皮革能用來生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)者高度評價(jià)的手袋,那么皮革的價(jià)格將相應(yīng)地上漲?!?,D選項(xiàng)“相應(yīng)地”正確;A選項(xiàng)“熱誠地”,B選項(xiàng)“一致地”,C選項(xiàng)“自發(fā)地”,不合句意。

18.單選題

Intime,thewomanwaspersuadedtotrythisnewformofdisciplineandto()afailuretogototimeoutbythewithdrawalofsomeprivilege.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.backoff

B.backup

C.backdown

D.backwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。backoff“后腿;卸下”;backup“支持;承認(rèn);證實(shí)”;backdown“放棄,讓步”;backwith,無此短語用法。句意:后來,這個(gè)女的被說服去試著接受這項(xiàng)新處罰,……自己的過錯(cuò),并被撤銷了一些特權(quán)暫停了工作。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Theterm“folkcustom"isverybroad,butithasbeenusedbyfolkloriststorefertothosesharedpatternsofbehaviorsinaparticularfolkgroup.Thesepatternsofbehaviorsareregardedastraditionalandestablishedwaysofmembersoftheparticularfolkgroup.Folkcustomistotransmitbywordofmouthdemonstrationorimitation.ThefolkloreandfolkcustomsofEnglandarerichandvaried.Manycustomsareancient,passeddown,generationtogenerationfromtheGermanicandCelticancestors.Othersaremoremoderncreations.

Oneofthegreatestproblemsinassessingmostaccountsoffolkcustomsisthattheytendtogiveonlytheantiquary’s(古董商的,收集古物者的)pointofview.Afterall,tomostobservers,thepeopletheywerelookingatweresimpleandilliterate,unmindfulofthetruesignificanceofthecustomstheyhadpreserved.Whyquestionthematlengthiftheydidn’tunderstandtheessentialnatureofwhattheyweredoing?Soafolkloristislikelytoemphasizeaspectsofatraditionwhichreflecthisorherowninterestsorwhichfitinwithpreconceivedideas,whilepossiblyignoringorgivingonlypassingmentiontoaspectswhichmay,infact,beofequalimportance.

Oneaspectwhichgenerallygetsleftoutofaccountsistheviewpointoftheparticipantsthemselves:forinstancewhytheyindulgeinaparticularactivityataparticulartimeofyearoroftheirlivesandwhatfeelingstheyexperiencewhiledoingso.Andnow,ideasderivingfromfolklorestudiesaresowidespreadthattheymayeasilyhavebecomeanintegralpartoftheattitudeoftheparticipantsinacustom.Sothefolkloristisratherlikeamanstaringatasceneinamirrorwhomustbeaware,tofullyunderstandthatscene,thathisownreflectionisamajorpartofwhatheislookingat.

Itis,however,alsotruetosaythatmanycontemporarystudentstofolklorearefullyawareoftheproblemswhichbesettheirenquiries.Liketruescientiststheydrawtheirconclusionbylookingatavailableevidence,ratherthanselectingevidencewhichfitswithexistingtheories.Somehavealsolookedawayfromthe“obviously’’ancientandturnedtheirattentiontofolklorewhereitthrives,inthesociallifeofmoderncitiesindustryandsportetc.Theymay,forexampleenduplookingattheloreofthemotorcar,orofpopularmusic,andatcustomswhich,thoughtheyhavenohintsofpaganismneverthelesshavemuchincommonwitholderactivitieswhichdo.

Manyfolkloristshavegraduallycometotheconclusionthatfolkloreisnotnecessarilyathingofthepast,arelicofancientandoutmodedwaysofthinking,butthemeansbywhichpeopletrytomakesenseoftheworldortoconfrontitslackofsenseandtrytoalleviate(減少,緩和)boredomandsuffering.

1.Whyareearlyaccountsoffolkcustomsunreliable?

2.Whyisitdifficulttostudyfolkloretoday?

3.Whatisnewaboutfolkloriststoday?

4.Whatdoesparticipationinfolkcustomsmeantopeople?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageprobablyis().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheparticipantsdidnotrevealthesignificance

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