考研考博-英語-南開大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南開大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

ThreedaysagoIreceivedane-mailfromtheconferenceorganizersapologizingthelast-minutechangesintheschedule;theysoundedgenuinelyembarrassedatthedisorderin

theirplanning.

問題1選項

A.apologizingthe

B.last-minute

C.changesin

D.sounded

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】A

【解析】動詞誤用。Apologizing后加for。Apologize是不及物動詞,后面接賓語時要加介詞for。

2.單選題

Theexpression“hastemakeswaste”doesnot（）toreading.

問題1選項

A.affect

B.attend

C.adopt

D.apply

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項affect“影響；感染”；B選項attend“出席；參加”；C選項adopt“采取；接受”；D選項apply“應(yīng)用；適用”。句意：“欲速則不達(dá)”這句話不……于閱讀。AC選項不能與to連用，可排除。B選項attendto意為“照顧；照料”，不符合句意，故選D。

3.單選題

ThefunnylookingmanwhomthegirlmetonthestreetofPrinstonwas（）AlbertEinstein.

問題1選項

A.nonebut

B.noneotherbut

C.nootherbut

D.nobodybut

【答案】B

【解析】【試題答案】B

【試題解析】noneotherbut表示“不是別人，正是……”，與noneotherthan意思相同；nonebut意為“只有”“除了……外都沒有”；nobodybut語義上不通，應(yīng)為nobodyelsebut；沒有nootherbut這一用法。

4.單選題

Itisimpossibletosayhowitwilltakeplace,becauseitwillhappen____,anditwillnotbealongprocess.

問題1選項

A.consequently

B.approximately

C.principally

D.spontaneously

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.consequently因此B.approximately大約

C.principally原則上D.spontaneously自發(fā)地

【答案】D

【考查點】句間邏輯

【解題思路】由because可知，前后兩句之間是因果關(guān)系。因此空格處所在分句“它會____發(fā)生”是前文“不可能說它將如何發(fā)生”的原因。因此，D選項spontaneously“自發(fā)地”符合原句語義邏輯，因為是自發(fā)發(fā)生的，所以不清楚它將如何發(fā)生。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合原句語義邏輯。

【句意】不可能說它將如何發(fā)生，因為它將自發(fā)地發(fā)生，并且不會是一個漫長的過程。

5.單選題

Anarrowhasasharp,pointedheadwithwhichitperforatesitstarget.

問題1選項

A.facestoward

B.follows

C.pierces

D.fliestoward

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。perforate表示“穿過，穿孔”。A項facetoward“正對著”，B項follow“跟隨”，C項pierce“刺穿，穿破”，D項flytoward“飛向”；句意：箭頭前端很尖銳，可以用它來刺穿目標(biāo)物。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

6.單選題

Itwasnotuntilonehundredthousandyearsafterthebigbangthatphotonswere（）frommatter.

問題1選項

A.setapart

B.setoff

C.setout

D.setfree

【答案】D

【解析】句意:直到十萬年宇宙大爆炸之后，光子才從物質(zhì)中釋放出來。

考查短語辨析。D項“從…中釋放”符合句意。

7.填空題

Theprofessionalfieldsthatdealwithethicalissuesinmedicineincludingmedicine,nursing,law,sociology,philosophy,andtheology,thoughinthelate20thcenturymedicalethicshascometobe

recognizedasitsowndiscipline.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bincluding改為include

【解析】【考查點】動詞。

【解題思路】B部分在句子中是謂語動詞，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語Theprofessionalfields為復(fù)數(shù)，這里應(yīng)該用include。

【句意】處理醫(yī)學(xué)倫理問題的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域包括醫(yī)學(xué)、護(hù)理、法律、社會學(xué)、哲學(xué)和神學(xué)，盡管在20世紀(jì)后期，醫(yī)學(xué)倫理已經(jīng)被視為一門獨立的學(xué)科。

8.不定項選擇題

Acomplexoperationcalledspinalfusionhasemergedasthetreatmentofchoiceformanykindsofbackpain.Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy（椎板切除術(shù)）.Somepeoplewouldbebetteroffwithnosurgeryatall.Evendoctorswhofavorfusionssaythatmoreresearchisneededontheirbenefits.

Intheabsenceofbetterdata,criticspointtoadifferentreasonforthefusionoperation’sfastrises:money.Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.Hospitalsalsocollecttwotofourtimesasmuch.“Weallcaveintomarketandeconomicforces,”saidDr.EdwardC.Benzel.Thoughdoctors,asarule,shouldfavortheleastcomplicatedtreatment—withsurgerybeingthelastresort—Dr.Benzelestimatedthatfewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.

Doctorsandhospitalsarenottheonlyplayerswithafinancialstakeinfusionoperations.Criticsblamethecompaniesthatmakethehardwareforpromotingmorecomplexfusionswithoutevidencethattheyaresignificantlymoreeffective.Somesortofhardwareisusedinalmost90percentoflower-backfusionsandthenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.

Thehardwaremakersingeneralacknowledgegivingsurgeonsmillionsofdollarsforconsultingandresearches,butsaythemoneypromotestechnicaladvancesthatimprovebackcare.ButalawsuitbroughtbyScottA.Wiese,aformersalesrepresentativeofMedtronic―thebiggestmakerofspinalhardware,accusedthecompanyoftryingtopersuadesurgeonstouseitsproductswithoffersoffirst-classplaneticketstoHawaiiandnightsatthefinesthotels.Medtronicsaiditdidnothingwrong,anditdeniedtheaccusationsinthelawsuit.Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.Federalofficialsdeclinedtocommentontheinvestigation,andMedtronicsaiditwouldvigorouslydefenditself.

Still,betweentheallureofmoneyandthequestforbreakthroughsintreatment,someprominentspinalsurgeonssaythatbackcarehasgoneastray.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsonthetreatmentofbackpainistrue?

2.Itisimpliedthatdoctors（）.

3.Thehardwaremakers（）.

4.ThecompanyMedtronic（）.

5.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“backcarehasgoneastray”inthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.Spinalfusionprovidesabettercurethanothertreatments.

B.Spinalfusionisnogoodtopatientssufferingfrombackpains.

C.Thereislimitedevidenceastowhichtreatmentisbetter.

D.Doctorshavegreatconfidenceinthebenefitsofspinalfusion.

問題2選項

A.tendtochoosethetreatmentthatisconsideredthebestforpatients

B.haveputfinancialinterestsaheadofpatientsinconsiderablecases

C.arelikelytofavormorecomplicatedtreatmenttoimproveskills

D.wishtochangethecurrentsystemunderwhichtheygetpaidfortheirwork

問題3選項

A.haveobtainedenormousprofitsfromtheoperation

B.haveinvestedheavilyintheresearchofnewproducts

C.havehelpeddoctorsandhospitalsgainmoreexperience

D.havesuccessfullyprovedtheeffectivenessoftheirproducts

問題4選項

A.hasadmittedpayingkickbackstosurgeons

B.hasdeniedanyfinancialdealswithsurgeons

C.hasbeensuedforbuyingitsbusinesscompetitor

D.hasbeeninvestigatedbythegovernment

問題5選項

A.Ithasbeenontherighttrack.

B.Ithasbeenawayfromtherighttrack.

C.Ithasofferedanewtreatment.

D.Ithasmovedbacktotradition.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy.但一些研究人員表示，幾乎沒有科學(xué)證據(jù)表明，對大多數(shù)患者來說脊柱融合術(shù)比更簡單的椎板切除術(shù)更好。”可知C項與原文相符。A項“脊柱融合術(shù)比其他治療方法有更好的治療效果。”，與原文不符；B項“脊柱融合術(shù)對背痛患者沒有好處?！保c原文不符；C項“只有有限的證據(jù)表明哪種治療方法更好?！?；D項“醫(yī)生對脊柱融合術(shù)的好處很有信心。”，與原文不符，因此C選項正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第二段中“Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.醫(yī)療保險可以為外科醫(yī)生支付比椎板切除術(shù)多四倍的脊柱融合術(shù)費用?！币约啊?..fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.今天所做的脊柱融合術(shù)中可能只有不到一半是合適的?！保芍狟項與原文相符。A項“傾向于選擇被認(rèn)為對病人最好的治療方法”，與原文不符；B項“在相當(dāng)多的案例中，他們把經(jīng)濟(jì)利益置于病人利益之上”；C項“可能會贊成更復(fù)雜的治療來提高技能”，與原文不符；D項“希望改變他們目前的工作報酬制度”，與原文不符，因此B選項正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第三段中“...thenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.……僅在硬件方面，全國每年的支出就飆升至25億美元?！笨芍狝項與原文相符。A項“已從這個手術(shù)中獲取了巨大的利潤”；B項“已在新產(chǎn)品研究上投入巨資”，與原文不符；C項“已幫助醫(yī)生和醫(yī)院獲得了更多經(jīng)驗”，與原文不符；D項“已成功地證明了他們產(chǎn)品的有效性”，與原文不符，因此A選項正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第四段中“Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.但該公司今年早些時候披露，聯(lián)邦政府正在調(diào)查其向外科醫(yī)生支付非法回扣的指控?！笨芍狣項與原文相符。A項“已承認(rèn)給外科醫(yī)生回扣”，與原文不符；B項“已否認(rèn)與外科醫(yī)生有任何金錢交易”，與原文不符；C項“已因收購其商業(yè)競爭對手而被起訴”，與原文不符；D項“已經(jīng)被政府調(diào)查過”，因此D選項正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第二段中“...fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.……今天所做的脊柱融合術(shù)中可能只有不到一半是合適的。”以及astray有“誤入歧途的，離開正道的”意思，可知B項與原文相符。A項“它已在正軌上”；B項“它偏離了正軌”；C項“它已提供一個新的治療方式”；D項“它已回到傳統(tǒng)”，因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnow（）forit.

問題1選項

A.nonetheworse

B.nonethebetter

C.neverworse

D.neverbetter

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nonetheworsefor“未受……損害”，后面一般接具體事件或事物。nonethebetterforit“不因此而好些；絲毫不受影響”是一個習(xí)慣用法。句意：這個可憐的女孩在醫(yī)院里住了半年多，但她現(xiàn)在絲毫不受影響。因此B選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Ifthiskindoffishbecomes（）,futuregenerationsmaynevertasteitatall.

問題1選項

A.minimum

B.short

C.seldom

D.scarce

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項minimum“最小化（一般指數(shù)據(jù)之類的）”，B選項short“短的；短小的”，C選項seldom“很少；不常（一般指頻率）”，D選項scarce“稀少的，稀缺的”；原句意思是說如果這種魚變得稀缺……，其余選項代入均不符合題意，因此D選項符合題意。句意為：如果這種魚變得稀缺，未來的幾代人可能再也吃不到它了。

11.單選題

Thereare（）differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.

問題1選項

A.legible

B.radical

C.medieval

D.laden

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。legible“清晰的,易辨認(rèn)的”;radical“激進(jìn)的,根本的,徹底的”;medieval“中世紀(jì)的,老式的,原始的”;laden“負(fù)載的,裝滿的”。句意:理論和實踐之間有著根本的區(qū)別。選項B符合句意。

12.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactprevi-ouslyseenontelevision.

問題1選項

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：最近報道了很多案例：孩子們總是以前在電視上見過的暴力行為。modify修改，修飾；duplicate復(fù)制，重復(fù)；accelerate加速，促進(jìn)；stimulate刺激。B項duplicate在此可譯為“模仿”。

13.單選題

Virtually,everycellinthebodycontainsitsowncircadianclockmachinery.

問題1選項

A.Practically

B.Naturally

C.Superficially

D.Thoroughly

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.practically實際上地B.naturally自然而然地

C.superficially表面上地D.thoroughly徹底地；完全地

【答案】A

【考查點】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意：實際上，身體里的每個細(xì)胞都包含自己的生物鐘機(jī)制?？芍獎澗€單詞Virtually在本句當(dāng)中表達(dá)“實際上”，因此該題選A。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】實際上，身體里的每個細(xì)胞都包含自己的生物鐘機(jī)制。

14.單選題

ThedeathofhisfathergavehimaWholenew（）onlife：nowhespendsmoretimewithhisfamily.

問題1選項

A.perspective

B.euphemism

C.conformation

D.providence

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。perspective“觀點”；euphemism“委婉語”；conformation“構(gòu)造”；providence“天意，深謀遠(yuǎn)慮”。句意：他父親的死亡給了他一個對生活的新觀點：現(xiàn)在他要花更多的時間在家庭上。選項A符合題意。

15.單選題

BarackObamarevsupontheenvironmentbylettingstatessetcar-emissionsstandards.

問題1選項

A.landsup

B.botchesup

C.startsup

D.sharksup

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義短語辨析。A選項landup“到達(dá)終點；最終成為；使淤塞”；B選項botchup“搞壞；弄糟”；C選項startup“開始；發(fā)動；突然站起；突然出現(xiàn)”；D選項sharkup“敲詐”。句意：巴拉克?奧巴馬（BarackObama）通過讓各州設(shè)定汽車排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來加速環(huán)境保護(hù)。revup“使更活躍；使快轉(zhuǎn)；加速”。與該詞組意思最接近的是C選項，因此C選項正確。

16.單選題

Accordingtothenewreport,13%ofAmericansareover65;thisnumberisprojectedtoreach22%bytheyear2030.

問題1選項

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.devised設(shè)計B.thrust用力推

C.estimated估計D.encountered遇到

【考查點】動詞辨析

【解題思路】原文指到2030年美國超過65歲的人的比例會達(dá)到22%，2030年是一個未來的年份，這個數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該是預(yù)估的，C選項“估計”符合原文。原文beprojectedto“被預(yù)測”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項devised“設(shè)計”，美國的人口構(gòu)成數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該是自然發(fā)生的，不存在說被設(shè)計成多少；

B選項thrust“用力推”，不符合原句邏輯；

D選項encountered“遇到”，不符合原句邏輯。

【句意】根據(jù)這份新報告，13%的美國人超過65歲；預(yù)計到2030年，這一數(shù)字將達(dá)到22%。

17.單選題

Thearmytrainingexercisesendedwitha（

）battle.

問題1選項

A.mock

B.fantastic

C.simultaneous

D.imaginary

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。mock意為“不誠實的，模擬的”；fantastic意為“極好的，富于想象的”；simultaneous意為“同時發(fā)生的，同時存在的”；imaginary意為“想象中的，幻想的”。

句意：軍隊訓(xùn)練演習(xí)以一場模擬戰(zhàn)結(jié)束。

18.單選題

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora“teach-in”honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfheartedand—anothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon’thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennialin1909.Thatyear,Lincoln’slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasuryCommunitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountyeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lecturesandmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorldWarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawfulnationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacutesenseofthewaythatevenlong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhoweare.

OnestorywillillustratewhatI’mtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,formercapitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederateVeteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto“reassess”thelegacyofLincoln.Theverdict—nosurprise—wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitariantoatellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceofscholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-feelyagecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed—byhisadmirers,remember—as“nonjudgmental,”“unmoralistic,”“comfortablewithambiguity.”

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueinasubduedceremony:“Buthe’ssosmall!”

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalfcentury,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionoftheheroic—approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincoln’sgreatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:principled,kind,compassionate,resolute.TodaywewantLincolntobelikeus.

ThishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage.We’vehadLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic-depressive,Lincolnthebusinesssage,theconservativeLincolnandtheliberalLincoln,theemancipatorandtheracist,thestoicphilosopher,theChristian,theatheist—LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.

What’softenmissing,though,isthetimelessLincoln,theLincolnwhomallgenerations,ourownnolessthanthatof1909,canlayclaimto.Luckyforus,thosememorializersfromacenturyago—and,throughthem,Lincolnhimself—haveleftusthehintofwheretofindhim.TheLincolnMemorialisthemostvisitedofourpresidentialmonuments.HereiswherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:inthewordsheleftus,definingthecountrywe’veinherited.HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus.

26.Theauthorthinksthatthisyear’scelebration,isinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause（）.

27.Accordingthepassagewhatreallymakesthe1909celebrationsdifferentformthisyear’s?

28.Intheauthor’sopinion,thecounter-conference（）.

29.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople（）.

30.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.nosimilarappreciationofLincolnwillbeseen

B.noactivitiescanbecomparedtothosein1909

C.noLincolnstatuewillbeunveiled

D.nomemorialcoinswillbeissued

問題2選項

A.StructuresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.

B.Varietyandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.

C.Respectforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.

D.TemporalproximitytoLincoln’spresidency.

問題3選項

A.rectifiedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselectedscholars

B.resultedinsimilardisparagingremarksonLincoln

C.cameupwithsomewhatfavorableconclusions

D.offeredabrandnewreassessmentperspective

問題4選項

A.revealsthevarietyofcurrentopinionsonheroes

B.showsthepresent-daydesiretoemulateLincoln

C.reflectsthepresent-daytendencyofworship

D.conformstotraditionalimages

問題5選項

A.Thememorialissymbolicofthegreatman’sachievements.

B.Lincoln’sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime.

C.EachgenerationhasitsowninterpretationofLincoln.

D.PeoplegettoknowLincolnthroughmemorializers.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】26、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“inadequateandevenhalfhearted”定位到本文第二段，可知本段是指今年的慶祝是不夠的，甚至有點三心二意。再根據(jù)第三段主要講述為什么今年的慶祝是不夠的，由第三段第一句話“Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennialin1909”（將今年的慶?；顒优c1909年的林肯誕生100周年進(jìn)行比較），然后本段主要介紹了1909年的慶?；顒拥氖⒋?，所以可知今年的慶祝不夠是因為與1909年相比，是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，因此B選項符合題意；A選項沒有原文依據(jù)；C、D選項都是今年慶?；顒記]有，而1909年有的具體表現(xiàn)，所以排除。因此B選項正確。

27、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由26題也可知今年與1909年的慶?；顒硬煌氖菓c祝的種類與規(guī)模，即本文的第三段介紹了有哪些不同，因此B選項符合題意。A選項“為紀(jì)念林肯而建造的建筑物”是屬于慶祝的規(guī)模與范疇的；C選項說法錯誤，即使是今天，人們也無法用語言描述出林肯的偉大；D選項沒有原文依據(jù)。因此B選項正確。

28、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“counter-conference”定位到第八段最后一句“Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed—byhisadmirers,remember—as‘nonjudgmental,’‘unmoralistic,’‘comfortablewithambiguity’”（這位目睹了我們歷史上最野蠻的戰(zhàn)爭的人，被他的崇拜者描述為——請記住——“不偏不倚”“不講道德”“喜歡模棱兩可”）可知反會議上學(xué)者為林肯做的畫像，傳遞出關(guān)于林肯負(fù)面的內(nèi)容，即導(dǎo)致了對林肯類似的貶低的言論，所以B選項與其相對應(yīng)。A、C、D選項均說法錯誤，與B選項意義相反，所以排除。因此B選項正確。

29、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“imageofLincoln”可定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第一句話“ThishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage”，后面是一些作家對林肯的形象的制造，總之是很混亂的，包括幽默家、解放者等，所以林肯的形象揭示了當(dāng)前對英雄的各種不同看法，因此A選項說法正確。B、C、D選項沒有原文依據(jù)。

30、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】總結(jié)歸納題。由題干定位到本文的最后一段。由最后一段最后一句話“HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus”（這就是林肯，他可以不斷地被更新，在他出生200年后，他仍然保留著更新我們的權(quán)力）可知人們對林肯的形象有不同的解釋與更新，但是盡管時間流逝，林肯的偉大仍然存在，最后一段主要強調(diào)林肯的偉大不會消失且一直在影響著人們。最后一段沒有提到紀(jì)念碑的內(nèi)容，A選項排除；C選項體現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段，題干問的是最后一段；D選項沒有原文依據(jù)，所以排除。因此B選項正確。

19.不定項選擇題

測試新增的題干

問題1選項

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

【答案】A

【解析】第1題:測試試題解析

20.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,andoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness（

）.

問題1選項

A.hastoseekhelpformrichdistantrelatives.

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack.

C.hastogoonadiet.

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes.

問題2選項

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality.

C.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune.

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous.

問題3選項

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime.

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich.

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards.

問題4選項

A.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

問題5選項

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective.

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview.

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint.

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘受流行趨勢的影響，作者做什么？’根據(jù)文章第二段中第二句“Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.我自己也有穿窄身名牌服裝的幻想。因此，在我的生活中，無論好壞，我都在節(jié)食?！贝_定C選項“不得不節(jié)食”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘在作者看來，現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是什么？’根據(jù)第一段“Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.女人不能太有錢也不能太瘦。這句話經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是已故溫莎公爵夫人說的，它體現(xiàn)了我們這個時代的許多古怪精神。苗條被認(rèn)為是一種美德?！币约案鶕?jù)第四段中“Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.今天情況正好相反。我們已經(jīng)把瘦變成了美德的新標(biāo)志?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是B選項“苗條被認(rèn)為是一種非常理想的品質(zhì)”。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘人類歷史上人們對體重的看法？’根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.在一些宗教團(tuán)體中，財富是救贖和高尚道德的象征，而肥胖則是財富和幸福的象征。”確定A選項“與他們的宗教信仰密切相關(guān)”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者對那些專注于瘦身的女性有什么忠告？’根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“...inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.在許多情況下，肥胖與增加心血管疾病的風(fēng)險息息相關(guān)。不過除了超重，這些疾病也同樣與我們的生活方式及高脂肪飲食習(xí)慣有很大關(guān)系?；枷到y(tǒng)癌癥的相關(guān)風(fēng)險可能更主要是飲食而非體重問題——食物高脂肪低纖維?！币约白詈笠欢沃小癐tisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.如果那些瘦人認(rèn)為他們自然而然就可保持健康，從而不注意總體生活方式，實際上會很危險?！笨芍髡咛岢龇逝帧⑸罘绞脚c疾病的關(guān)系，確定D選項“他們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式”符合要求。

5.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者從什么方面批評了女性對瘦身的癡迷？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.如果那些變瘦的人(或已經(jīng)變瘦的人)認(rèn)為他們天生就健康，因此不關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式，這實際上是危險的。瘦可以是純粹的虛榮?！贝_定作者從健康方面和虛榮心方面批評了女性對瘦身的癡迷，B選項正確。

21.單選題

Hedoesnothingthatviolatestheinterestsofthecollective.

問題1選項

A.runsfor

B.runsagainst

C.runsover

D.runsinto

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。violate“違反；侵犯，妨礙”，A選項runfor“競選；匆匆去取；趕緊去請”；B選項“runagainst撞上；偶遇；違反”；C選項“runover輾過；匆匆看；復(fù)查”；D選項“runinto遭遇，陷入；撞到；偶然遇見”。句意：他不做任何違背集體利益的事。根據(jù)句中“theinterestsofthecollective集體的利益”可知violate在這里的意思為“違反”，因此B選項正確。

22.單選題

Inthenextfewyearsmajorchangeswillbe（

）inChina’sindustries.

問題1選項

A.broughtforward

B.broughtabout

C.broughton

D.broughtup

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項broughtforward“提議”；B選項broughtabout“導(dǎo)致；使掉頭；發(fā)生”；C選項broughton“導(dǎo)致，引起”；D選項broughtup“提出，撫養(yǎng)”。句意：在接下來的幾年，主要的變化將（）在中國的工業(yè)。這里結(jié)合選項，空格處應(yīng)該填發(fā)生，所以答案選B。

23.單選題

ThescientistsattheUniversityofBerninSwitzerlandhaveusedaweakenedvirusthatisnot______andhasprovedsafeandeffective.

問題1選項

A.infectious

B.harmful

C.dangerous

D.invading

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項infectious“傳染性的，感染的”；B選項harmful“有害的，導(dǎo)致?lián)p害的”；C選項dangerous“危險的”；D選項invading為動詞invade（侵入，侵略）的現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)virus與hasprovedsafeandeffective可知A選項符合語義。句意：瑞士伯爾尼大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們使用了一種弱病毒，這種病毒不具傳染性，而且已被證明是安全有效的。

24.填空題

deed

continue

keep

consistent

evade

greet

barrier

when

collaborative

share

earn

belief

partourselves

but

Inmanyways,trustisthegluethatholdsustogether,inturnmakingourinteractionsworkmoresmoothly.WebuyandsellthingstootherpeopleviaeBayandthetransactionisbasedontrust.Wegetintootherpeople’scarswithaservicelikeUberorletstrangersstayinourhomeswithAirbnb,andthatrequirestakingabigleapoffaith.Weprovideverypersonaldataabout（1）tocompanieslikeFitbitorAppleandtrustthattheywill（2）thedatasafeandsecure.Weworkin（3）teamsinourofficesandtrustthatourcolleagueswillpulltheirweightanddogoodwork.Almosteverytimeweinteractwithoneanotheritcomeswithacertainamountof（4）thatthepeopleorbusinesseswedealwitharetrustworthy.Buttrustis（5）throughhardworkandactions,notsimplygoodintentions.Demonstratingtrustworthinesshastobe（6）oftheveryDNAofacompany.Itmustbeprovennotonlybywordbutalsoby（7）,fromtheboardroomandexecutiveteamthroughtotheshopfront,thefactoryfloor,andthepersonwho（8）staffandclientsastheywalkthroughthedoors.

Oneofthebiggest（9）tobuildingtrustissecrecyordissembling.Nodoubt,somethingsmustbekeptconfidentialinbusiness（10）therearewaysacompanycanbeclearaboutitspracticeswithoutrevealingconfidentialinformation.Ifyouwantpeopletotrustyouoryourcompany,youmustbewillingto（11）atleastsomeoftheinformationthatfeedsintothedecisionsyouaremaking.Transparencyisparticularlyimportant（12）thereisaneedtorebuildtrust.Forexample,thebankingsectorhas