考研考博-英語-安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Althoughthetownhadbeen（）bythestormseveraltimes,littledamagewasdone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attacked

B.injured

C.banned

D.struck

【答案】A

【解析】句意:盡管這個城鎮(zhèn)幾次遭到暴風(fēng)雨的襲擊，但幾乎沒有造成什么損失。

考查動詞辨析。attack攻擊，抨擊，動手干；injure傷害，損害:harm傷害，危害，損害;struck罷工，打擊。此處是動詞的過去分詞形式表被動，動作的發(fā)出者是thestorm(暴風(fēng)雨)，故選A項(xiàng)。

2.翻譯題

Theworldisonthecuspofastaggeringriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevitytranslatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowthand“secularstagnation”,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillbustgovernmentbudgets.

Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefallingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomersareputtingoffretirementwhilemanylessskilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.

【答案】【參考譯文】世界的老齡人口正在以驚人的速度增長，并且他們越活越長。在未來的20年里，全球65歲以上的老年人數(shù)量將會翻番，從6000萬到11億。根據(jù)20世紀(jì)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看，當(dāng)長壽意味著更長的退休時間和更短的工作時間時，很多人都會感覺到明顯的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速減緩和長期經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯，同時越來越多的養(yǎng)老金申領(lǐng)人口會導(dǎo)致政府的預(yù)算破產(chǎn)。

當(dāng)我們只關(guān)注于工作年輕人與閑散老年人的嚴(yán)重分化現(xiàn)象時，往往忽略了一個新的趨勢，即不同人勞動技能之間日益加劇的差異。缺乏技能的年輕人的就業(yè)率在下降，而經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的高技術(shù)人才卻工作得越來越久。在美國，這樣的分歧最為嚴(yán)重，嬰兒潮時期出生的、受過良好教育的人們延遲退休，從而將技能不足的年輕人排擠出勞動力市場。

3.單選題

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyearsandwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionwhichhaveinterestedthemodemphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodemphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodemeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodemsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodemscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction—bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservationthesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodems;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodemispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or“facts”and“ideas”—intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts—aparticular,classoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmodemtimesis

（

）.

3.Thedifferencebetween“fact”andtheory”

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodemscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.aninductivescience

B.nneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要是在對為什么從希臘文化頂峰時期后兩千年來歸納法和數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué)發(fā)展如此緩慢，而后的兩百年又超越了前人這一問題進(jìn)行科學(xué)探究，所以D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)探究的方法”適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?’’或去我們是否點(diǎn)當(dāng)把兩個階段的特點(diǎn)歸因于所謂的歷史的偶然性歸因于客觀環(huán)境結(jié)合的影響。這一點(diǎn)除非以指導(dǎo)一切的上帝的智慧和無限權(quán)利來解釋，否則難以說清楚?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)‘這是上帝的行為’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章最后三句“Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.”“事實(shí)是一個提議。而理論，若是真理論，就有事實(shí)的一切特性（除非其證實(shí)只能通過非直接的，遙遠(yuǎn)的和困難的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)），把理論轉(zhuǎn)成事實(shí)必須用簡單的證實(shí)，理論因此具有事實(shí)的一切特性?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“后者需要證實(shí)”是事實(shí)和理論之間的區(qū)別。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句話“Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences...”可以推斷出數(shù)學(xué)不是inductivescience，排除A選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)上一題可知需要簡單證實(shí)的是理論，排除B選項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)基于理論和事實(shí)”這一觀點(diǎn)沒有在文章中體現(xiàn)，排除；所以通過排除法得出C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

X.(IntellectualProperties)

WenowaddressthedegreetowhichtheSupremeCourt’sdecisioninQualityKinginvalidatesthiscircuit’sconstructionof109(a).ThispanelmayoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicareifQualityKing“undercutsthetheoryorreasoningunderlyingthepriorcircuitprecedentinsuchawaythatthecasesareclearlyirreconcilable”.

ItisclearthatQualityKingdidnotdirectlyoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicare.QualityKinginvolved“roundtrip”importation;aproductwithaU.S.copyrightedlabelwasmanufacturedinsidetheUnitedStates,exportedtoanauthorizedforeigndistributor,soldtounidentifiedthirdpartiesoverseas,shippedbackintotheUnitedStateswithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,andthensoldinCaliforniabyunauthorizedretailers.TheCourtheldthat109(a)canprovideadefensetoanactionunder602(a)inthiscontext.However,becausethefactsinvolvedonlydomesticallymanufacturedcopies,theCourtdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.(Ginsburg,J.,concurring)(“Wedonottodayresolvecasesinwhichtheallegedlyinfringingimportsweremanufacturedabroad.”).Moreover,theCourtneverdiscussedthescopeof109(a)ordefinedwhat“l(fā)awfullymadeunderthistide”means.

WenextconsiderwhetherthereasoningofQualityKingisclearlyirreconcilablewithourgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”.Thebasisforthatrulewasourconcernthatapplying109(a)toforeign-madecopieswouldviolatethepresumptionagainsttheextraterritorialapplicationofU.S.law.QualityKingdismissedasimilarconcernthatthetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct,explainingthatmerelyrecognizingtheoccurrenceofsuchsales“doesnotrequiretheextraterritorialapplicationoftheActanymorethan602(a)’s‘a(chǎn)cquiredabroad’languagedoes”.Costcocontendsthatthisexplanationisirreconcilablewithourinterpretationof109(a)inBMGMusic.

WerejectCostco’scontentionandholdthattheSupremeCourt’sbriefdiscussiononextraterritorialityisnot“clearlyirreconcilable”withourgenerallimitationof109(a)tocopiesthatarelawfullymadeintheUnitedStates.ThecommonunderstandingofthepresumptionagainstextraterritorialityisthataU.S.statute“appliesonlytoconductoccurringwithin,orhavingeffectwithin,theterritoryoftheUnitedStates,unlessthecontraryisclearlyindicatedbythestatute?”

OmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesale

87.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtotheparagraphs?

88.ThesecondissuethecourtinOmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesaleconsiderediswhether___.

89.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthat___.

90.Whichofthefollowingstatementisbesttodescribethelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.QualityKingisacasedecidedbytheSupremeCourtoftheUS.

B.QualityKingisacaseregardingintellectualproperties.

C.QualityKingoverruledBMGMusic,DrugEmporiumandDenbicare.

D.TheCourtinQualityKingdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecourt’sgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”

B.theSupremeCourt’sreasoninginQualityKingcannotreconcilewiththecourt’sdecisionregarding109(a)

C.109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”

D.theSupremeCourtdiscussedthescopeof109(a)ordefinedwhat“l(fā)awfullymadeunderthistitle”meant

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.QualityKingdismissedaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct

B.merelyrecognizingtheoccurrenceofforeignsalesdoesnotrequiretheextraterritorialapplicationoftheActanymore

C.thetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireanextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct

D.theconcernthatthetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightActwasrejectedinQualityKing

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thecourt’sviewontheapplicationscopeof109(a)isnotirreconcilablewiththeSupremeCourt’sviewonextraterritoriality.

B.Costco’scontentionwasrejectedbecauseitcontradictstheSupremeCourt’sviewonextraterritoriality.

C.ThegeneralunderstandingofextraterritorialitydoesnotconflictwiththeSupremeCourt’sviewonthesametopic.

D.AUnitedStatesstatuteappliesonlytoconductoccurringwithin,orhavingeffectwithin,theterritoryoftheUnitedStates.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】87.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句ItisclearthatQualityKingdidnotdirectlyoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicare.（很明顯，QualityKing并沒有直接否決BMGMusic,DrugEmporium和Denbicare）可知C選項(xiàng)“QualityKing否決了BMGMusic,DrugEmporium和Denbicare”錯誤；根據(jù)第一段第一句WenowaddressthedegreetowhichtheSupremeCourt’sdecisioninQualityKinginvalidatesthiscircuit’sconstructionof109(a).（我們現(xiàn)在討論的是最高法院在“質(zhì)量王”一案中的判決在多大程度上推翻了本巡回法院第109(a)號判決）可知A選項(xiàng)“QualityKing是美國最高法院裁決的案件”符合原文；However,becausethefactsinvolvedonlydomesticallymanufacturedcopies,theCourtdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.(Ginsburg,J.,concurring)(“Wedonottodayresolvecasesinwhichtheallegedlyinfringingimportsweremanufacturedabroad.”).（但是，由于事實(shí)只涉及國內(nèi)制造的復(fù)制品，法院沒有處理第109(a)條對涉及未經(jīng)授權(quán)進(jìn)口國外制造的復(fù)制品的索賠的影響。（Ginsburg,J.，贊同）（“我們今天不解決涉嫌侵權(quán)的進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品是在國外制造的案件?！保┛芍狟選項(xiàng)“QualityKing是一個關(guān)于知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的案例”以及D選項(xiàng)“法院關(guān)于QualityKing沒有處理第109(a)條對涉及未經(jīng)授權(quán)進(jìn)口海外制式副本的索賠的影響”符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

88.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段開頭WenextconsiderwhetherthereasoningofQualityKingisclearlyirreconcilablewithourgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”.Thebasisforthatrulewasourconcernthatapplying109(a)toforeign-madecopieswouldviolatethepresumptionagainsttheextraterritorialapplicationofU.S.law.（我們接下來要考慮的是，QualityKing的理由是否明顯與我們的一般規(guī)則不一致，即109(a)僅限于“合法制作……在美國”。該規(guī)則的依據(jù)是，我們擔(dān)心對外國制作的副本適用109（a）將違反美國法律域外適用的推定。）以及第三段結(jié)尾Costcocontendsthatthisexplanationisirreconcilablewithourinterpretationof109(a)inBMGMusic.（Costco認(rèn)為這一解釋與我們對BMGMusic中109(a)的解釋是不一致的）可知法院在OmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesale案中考慮的第二個問題為C選項(xiàng)“109(a)僅限于‘合法制作……在美國’”，同時可知A選項(xiàng)“法院的一般規(guī)則是109(a)僅限于‘合法制作……在美國’”錯誤，原文未提及法院的一般規(guī)則；B選項(xiàng)“最高法院關(guān)于質(zhì)量國王的理由與法院關(guān)于109(a)的決定不能調(diào)和”和D選項(xiàng)“最高法院討論了第109(a)條的范圍或定義了‘根據(jù)本標(biāo)題依法作出’的含義”不符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

89.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文劃線句子QualityKingdismissedasimilarconcernthatthetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct,explainingthatmerelyrecognizingtheoccurrenceofsuchsales“doesnotrequiretheextraterritorialapplicationoftheActanymorethan602(a)’s‘a(chǎn)cquiredabroad’languagedoes”.（QualityKing駁斥了一個類似的擔(dān)憂，即外國銷售觸發(fā)109（a）將要求對《版權(quán)法》進(jìn)行無效的域外適用，解釋說，僅僅承認(rèn)此類銷售的發(fā)生“并不需要該法的域外適用，正如602（a）‘在國外獲得的’語言所要求的那樣”）可知選D選項(xiàng)“在QualityKing中，關(guān)于109(a)的國外銷售會導(dǎo)致著作權(quán)法的域外適用無效的擔(dān)憂被否決了”；A選項(xiàng)“QualityKing駁回了著作權(quán)法域外的無效適用”，B選項(xiàng)“僅僅承認(rèn)國外銷售的發(fā)生不再需要本法的域外適用”以及C選項(xiàng)“通過國外銷售觸發(fā)109(a)將需要著作權(quán)法的域外適用”和原文不符。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

90.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段WerejectCostco’scontentionandholdthattheSupremeCourt’sbriefdiscussiononextraterritorialityisnot“clearlyirreconcilable”withourgenerallimitationof109(a)tocopiesthatarelawfullymadeintheUnitedStates.（我們拒絕Costco的論點(diǎn)，并認(rèn)為最高法院關(guān)于治外法權(quán)的簡短討論并非“明顯不可調(diào)和”，我們的一般限制是109（a）對在美國合法制作的副本）可知作者表達(dá)的是最高法院對治外法權(quán)的解釋和109（a）只限于在美國合法生產(chǎn)并不是明顯矛盾的，選A選項(xiàng)“法院關(guān)于109(a)條適用范圍的觀點(diǎn)與最高法院關(guān)于治外法權(quán)的觀點(diǎn)并非不可調(diào)和”，同時可知C選項(xiàng)“對治外法權(quán)的一般理解與最高法院對同一專題的看法并不沖突”錯誤；B選項(xiàng)“Costco的論點(diǎn)被駁回了，因?yàn)樗c最高法院關(guān)于治外法權(quán)的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾”以及D選項(xiàng)“美國法令僅適用于發(fā)生在美國領(lǐng)土內(nèi)或在美國領(lǐng)土內(nèi)有效的行為”和最后一段不符。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thesalmonisoneofourmostvaluablefish.Itoffersusfood,sportandprofit.Everyyearcommercialfishing（1）aharvestofoverabillionpoundsofsalmonfromthesea.Hundredsofthousandsofsalmonarecaughteachyearbyeager（2）fishers.

Inautumn,theriversoftheNorthwesternUnitedStatescome（3）withsalmon.Thesalmonhavelefttheoceanandare（4）theiryearlyrunuprivertospawn.Yettoday,therearefarfewersalmonthan（5）becausethesalmon（6）hassufferedfrommanyperilsofthemodernage.

Waterpollutionhaskilledmanysalmonby（7）themofoxygen.Over-fishinghasfurtherdecreasedtheirnumber.Damshasanother（8），becausetheylockmigrationpaths.Fishladders,（9）steppedpools,havebeenbuiltsothatsalmoncanswim（10）overthedams.Butyoungsalmonswimmingtotheoceanhavetrouble（11）theladders.Oftenthey（12）theirdeathsoverthedamorarekilledingianthydroelectricturbines.

（13）Americawillcontinuetohaveplentyofsalmon,conservationistshaveplannedseveralwaysto（14）thesalmonpopulation.Conservationofficialshavehadsomesuccess（15）salmoninhatcheriesandstockingsalmonriverswiththem.Salmonarealsobeingintroducedintonewareas.In1996,hundredsofthousandsofyoungCohosalmonwereplantedinstreamsoffLakeMichigan.TheadultswereexpectedtoMigratetothelakeandfeeduponanundesirablefish.TheCohoesthrivedsowellonthiskindoffishinLakeMichiganthatCohoesarebeingplantedinotherGreatLakes.

Thankstotheforesightandplanningofconservationists,thevaluablesalmonshouldbearoundAmericanshores,riversandlakesforalongtimetocome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resultsin

B.resultsfrom

C.resultsat

D.resultedin

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.commerce

B.sports

C.salmon

D.kindness

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.alive

B.active

C.live

D.about

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.in

C.on

D.by

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.everso

B.eversince

C.everafter

D.everbefore

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.production

B.population

C.family

D.growing

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.forbidding

B.exploiting

C.robbing

D.endangering

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.danger

B.obstacle

C.problem

D.element

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.madeupfor

B.madeupto

C.madeup

D.madeupof

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.properly

B.safely

C.quickly

D.frequently

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.discover

B.toclimb

C.finding

D.measuring

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.fallto

B.fallback

C.fallacross

D.fallaway

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.Sothat

B.Sofaras

C.Somuchas

D.Solongas

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.explode

B.develop

C.increase

D.catch

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.supporting

B.raising

C.keeping

D.resulting

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

【解析】1.考查短語辨析。該處句意為:每年的商業(yè)捕魚導(dǎo)致從海洋中收獲超過十億磅的三文魚。故A項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.考查名詞辨析。該處句意為:急不可耐的…漁民每年都會捕捉成千上萬的三文魚。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。Sport本身有“娛樂”的意思,在這里表示“消遣性漁民”。

3.考查固定搭配。comealive熱鬧起來，活躍起來。其它選項(xiàng)均不能與come構(gòu)成搭配。

4.考查介詞辨析。句意為:三文魚離開海洋，每年都會回流到河面上產(chǎn)卵。因此，C項(xiàng)介詞較為合適。

5.邏輯分析。根據(jù)前文的yet“然而”，可推知此處是“現(xiàn)在和過去”的對比，即如今的三文魚的數(shù)量比從前少。因此D項(xiàng)“以前”符合句意。

6.考查名詞辨析。該處句意為:三文魚…在現(xiàn)代遭受了很多危險。因此B項(xiàng)“種群，數(shù)量”符合句意。

7.考查動詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動詞的動名詞形式?？崭裉巹釉~應(yīng)與介詞of進(jìn)行搭配。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。Robsb./sth.ofsth.剝奪某人/某物所需或應(yīng)得之物。

8.考查名詞辨析。該處解題可以參考前面句意:水污染殺死了很多三文魚。因此推測該處句意為:大壩是另一個危險，因?yàn)樗鼈冏钄嗔诉w移的路徑。故選A項(xiàng)。

9.考查短語辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動詞短語的過去分詞形式作定語修飾fishladders;steppedpools表示“階梯式游泳池”。四個選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：makeupfor彌補(bǔ);補(bǔ)償；makeuptosb.獻(xiàn)媚；奉承;makeup編造;化妝；bemadeupof由…構(gòu)成。因此，根據(jù)句意，D構(gòu)成句意“由階梯式游泳池構(gòu)成的魚梯”，符合語境和搭配，故為正確答案。

10.考查副詞辨析。該處句意為:建造魚梯是為了三文魚能…游過大壩。因此B項(xiàng)“安全地”符合句意。

11.語義題。根據(jù)固定搭配havetroubledoingsth.(在…方面有困難)可以排除A和B項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)梯子”正確。

12.考查短語辨析。該句有并列連詞or,or并列的是動詞是arekilled和空格處。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意,表示“掉到大壩上摔死”。

13.邏輯分析。逗號后面是完整的句子，因此，前半句應(yīng)該有相關(guān)的連詞或關(guān)系詞。后文句意為：生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)者規(guī)劃一些方案以增加鮭魚的數(shù)量。因此此處是說鮭魚的數(shù)量減少了，滿足條件的是D選項(xiàng)“使瀕?！?。

14.考查動詞辨析。該處句意為:自然環(huán)境和野生動植物提倡保護(hù)者計劃了幾種方式以增加族群數(shù)量。故C項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.考查動詞辨析。該處搭配為:havesuccessindoingsth.在某方面取得成功。根據(jù)并列的部分stockingsalmonrivers可知，“raisesalmoninhatcheries在孵化場飼養(yǎng)三文魚”符合語境。

6.單選題

The（

）inJanet’scharacterhashinderedherfromadvancementinhercareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.weakness

B.merit

C.defect

D.shortcoming

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。weakness“弱點(diǎn)，嗜好”；merit“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長處”；defect“缺點(diǎn)，缺陷”；shortcoming“缺點(diǎn)，短處”。句意：Janet性格上的缺陷阻礙了她的事業(yè)上升。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Thedoghas（）itsaffectiontoitsnewmasterinChina’sindustries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transferred

B.transformed

C.transported

D.transmitted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)transferredv.轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)讓，調(diào)動；B選項(xiàng)transformedv.轉(zhuǎn)化，變換；C選項(xiàng)transportedv.運(yùn)輸，搬運(yùn)；D選項(xiàng)transmittedv.傳輸，傳送，遺傳。根據(jù)動詞賓語itsaffection可知，A項(xiàng)符合語義和搭配。因此，A項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。句意：小狗己經(jīng)將自己的情感轉(zhuǎn)移給了它的新主人。

8.單選題

Look,（）inhisusualT-shirt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heredoesHenrycome

B.herecomesHenry

C.hereHenrycomes

D.comeshereHenry

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝句。表示地點(diǎn)、時間和方向的副詞放在句首時，句子使用完全倒裝，句意：看！羅賓來了，穿著往常的T恤衫。所以本題B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagefallsintothreereasonably（）periods:OldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cutting

B.rational

C.distinct

D.disputable

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。cutting“鋒利的”；rational“合理的，理性的”；distinct“獨(dú)特的，有區(qū)別的”；disputable“有爭議的，可訴性的”。句意：英語語言的發(fā)展合理地分為三個階段：古代英語、中世紀(jì)英語、現(xiàn)代英語。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Ifyoucan’tgiveupsmokingcompletely,atleasttryto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takedown

B.turndown

C.cutdown

D.setdown

【答案】C

【解析】takedown放下,記下；turndown關(guān)小,調(diào)低；cutdown削減,減少；settledown定居,專心于。句意:如果你不能完全戒煙,至少應(yīng)該試著減少吸煙。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Theydenouncedeficitspending,declaringthatyoucan’tsolvedebtproblemwithmoredebt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.condemn

B.dispute

C.contend

D.neglect

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)condemn“譴責(zé)；聲討”；B選項(xiàng)dispute“辯論；懷疑”；C選項(xiàng)contend“主張；為……斗爭”；D選項(xiàng)neglect“疏忽；忽視；忽略”。句意：他們……赤字開支，宣稱用更多的債務(wù)解決不了債務(wù)問題。根據(jù)名詞deficitspending“赤字開支”即支出大于收入，也就是超前消費(fèi)。對這一消費(fèi)行為有人贊成，也有人否定。根據(jù)后面的關(guān)鍵信息youcan’tsolvedebtproblemwithmoredebt.“你不能用更多的債務(wù)來解決債務(wù)問題”由此看來，這里是不贊成超前消費(fèi)的，有反對的意味。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Thechieffoodseateninanycountrydependlargelyon______bestinitsclimateandsoil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itgrows

B.whatgrows

C.doesitgrow

D.whatdoesitgrow

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。dependon后面應(yīng)該接賓語從句。A選項(xiàng)缺少that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；B選項(xiàng)剛好與后面內(nèi)容組成賓語從句；C和D都是疑問句式，不能選；句意：一個國家的主要食物是什么，大體取決于什么作物在其天氣和土壤條件下生長得最好。因此，該題正確答案為B。

13.單選題

Sinceyouaresoweak,youshouldtakeevery____precautionagainstcatchingcold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.comparable

C.distinct

D.conceivable

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.critical關(guān)鍵的B.comparable可比較的

C.distinct明顯的；確切的D.conceivable可想象的；可信的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析與語義銜接

【解題思路】原句語義為“既然你這么虛弱，你應(yīng)該采取一切____的預(yù)防措施以防感冒?！庇纱丝芍?，病人非常虛弱，應(yīng)該采取一切可能的措施預(yù)防感冒，D選項(xiàng)conceivable“可想象的；可信的”最符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)critical“關(guān)鍵的”，“采取每一個關(guān)鍵的預(yù)防措施”沒有“采取每一個可能的預(yù)防措施”符合原句語境；

B選項(xiàng)comparable“可比較的”，不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)distinct“明顯的；確切的”，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】既然你這么虛弱，你應(yīng)該采取一切可能的預(yù)防措施以防感冒。

14.單選題

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.floating

B.raising

C.heaving

D.ascending

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。float“漂浮，浮動”；raise“提升，增加”；heave“舉起”；ascend“攀登，上升”。句意：看到數(shù)百只彩色的氣球緩緩升入天空，孩子們歡呼起來。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Theshipwas（）inastormoffJamaica.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.owned

B.sunk

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。此處考查的是動詞過去分詞形式作為形容詞使用的詞義，A選項(xiàng)owned“自身擁有的”；B選項(xiàng)sunk“凹陷的；低沉的；失去希望的”；C選項(xiàng)wrecked“失事的”；D選項(xiàng)submitted“屈服的”。句意：這艘船在牙買加附近的風(fēng)暴中……。“風(fēng)暴”與“船”聯(lián)系在一起，符合常理的就是“失事”了，C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Ifit（）toomuchtrouble,I’dloveacupofcoffee.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadn’tbeen

B.isn’t

C.weren’t

D.maynotbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：如果不是很麻煩，我想要來杯咖啡。本題的would是一種委婉、禮貌的語氣，表示請求，所以if從句是一個真實(shí)條件句，不是虛擬語氣，直接用一般現(xiàn)在時，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

誰能否認(rèn)海的偉大呢？我愛海，并不僅僅因?yàn)樗念伾利?，和藏在海底那許多有趣的玩意兒，而是愛她的胸襟廣闊，化污穢為清潔。她容納無數(shù)的細(xì)流，盡管她們的顏色有黑的也有黃的，一旦流到了海的懷抱，便立刻變成碧綠的了。碧綠是代表和平，代表一種靜美。一個人，哪怕他的脾氣有如虎狼那么兇暴，我相信如果常住在海濱，一定會變得和羔羊一般馴良；同時，那些心懷狹隘的人，如果常與海做朋友，我相信他也會改變成豪爽，痛快的性格。

我對于海，好像著了魔似的一天比一天迷戀起來，我愛它，甚至一天也不能離開它。有時清早起來便奔向海濱，迎著血紅的太陽由海邊升起；有時特地在陽光將要落山的吋候，去領(lǐng)略海灘的黃昏滋味。我更愛看菇立在海中央的燈塔，我佩服那守?zé)羲娜?，他每天機(jī)械地守住自己的崗位，給與往來的航行者一種光明的指示；假若沒有他，這海而將被黑暗所包圍，來往的船只，隨吋都有觸著暗礁的危險。

【答案】Thereisnodenyingthemightinessofthesea.Ilovehernotonlybecauseshehasthebeautifulhuesandmanyintriguingobjectshiddendeepunderneathher,butalsobecausesheisbroadandliberalenoughtoturnthefoulintothepure.Thenumeroussmallriversthatsheaccommodatesmaybeofablackoryellowcolor,butoncetheyflowintoherbosom,theyinstantlytakeonthegreencolorsignifyingpeaceandtranquility.Apersonwithaterrifyinghottemperwillbecome,Ibelieve,asmeekasalambafteralongstaybytheseashore.Likewise,Ibelieveanarrow-mindedpersonwillbecometolerantandopen-heartedifheoftenkeepscompanywiththesea.

18.單選題

____asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Beingpublished

B.Published

C.Publishing

D.Tobepublished

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Beingpublished被發(fā)表（被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞形式）B.Published發(fā)表（過去分詞）

C.Publishing發(fā)表（現(xiàn)在分詞）D.Tobepublished發(fā)表（不定式）

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)句

【解題思路】本題考查的是as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的倒裝句用法。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可以將名詞、形容詞、副詞或分詞置于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。原句的正確語序?yàn)椤癆sitwas____atsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention”，此處it指的是“他的作品”，根據(jù)語義，他的作品應(yīng)該是被發(fā)表，所以此處應(yīng)該使用被動語態(tài)，題干中已經(jīng)有了be動詞，因此只需填入一個過去分詞即可，B選項(xiàng)Published“發(fā)表（過去分詞）”符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)Beingpublished“被發(fā)表（被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞形式）”，題干中已經(jīng)有be動詞了，不需要再使用一個be動詞，另外，現(xiàn)在分詞形式表主動，語態(tài)不對；

C選項(xiàng)Publishing“發(fā)表（現(xiàn)在分詞）”，現(xiàn)在分詞形式表主動，語態(tài)不對；

D選項(xiàng)Tobepublished“發(fā)表（不定式）”，使用不定式形式，說明作品尚未發(fā)表，不符合原句語義。

【句意】盡管他的作品在這樣一個時期出版，但還是引起了很大的關(guān)注。

19.單選題

Manyboysandgirls______togetherroundthefireandsangsongs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clustered

B.clattered

C.clutched

D.cluttered

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項(xiàng)cluster“使聚集，聚集在某人的周圍”，B項(xiàng)clatter“發(fā)出嘩啦聲，喧鬧的談笑”，C項(xiàng)clutch“緊握，（因害怕或痛苦）突然抓住”，D項(xiàng)clutter“使凌亂，胡亂地填滿”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息togetherroundthefireandsangsongs“一起圍著火堆唱歌”可知，空格處填入A項(xiàng)符合句子語境。句意：許多男孩和女孩聚集在火堆周圍唱歌。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

8.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.$60.

B.$40.

C.$360.

D.$30.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Ok.Sothatwouldbe800dollarsplus60dollarsinovertime,right?

W:Right,somypaycheckshouldbe860dollars,butonly830dollarswereputintomyaccount.

M:Sorryaboutthat.I’llrecordthemistaketodayandwirethemoneyintoyouraccountfirstthingtomorrowmorning.

Q:Howmuchwillthemanwireintothewoman'saccount?

【解析】計算題。本應(yīng)打入女士賬戶860美元，但實(shí)際只有830美元，因此還應(yīng)打入30美元。

21.單選題

Theatmosphereisamixtureofseveralgases.Thereareabouttenchemicalelementswhichremainpermanentlyingaseousformintheatmosphereunderallnaturalconditions.Ofthesepermanentgases,oxygenmakesupabout21percentandnitrogenabout78percent.Severalothergases,suchasargon,carbondioxide:hydrogen,neon,kiyptonandxenon,comprisetheremainingonepercentofthevolumeofdryair.Theamountofwatervaporanditsvariationsinamountanddistributionisofextraordinaryimportanceinweatherchanges.Atmosphericgasesholdinsuspensiongreatquantitiesofdust,pollen,smoke,andotherimpuritieswhicharealwayspresentinconsiderable,butvariableamounts.

Theatmospherehasnodefiniteupperlimitsbutgraduallythinsuntilitbecomesimperceptible.Untilrecentlyitwasassumedthattheairabovethefirstfewmilesgraduallygrewthinnerandcolderataconstantrate.Itwasalsoassumedthatupperairhadlittleinfluenceonweatherchanges.Recentstudiesoftheupperatmosphere,currentlybeingconductedbyearthsatellitesandmissileprobing,haveshowntheseassumptionstobeincorrect.Theatmospherehasthreewell-definedstrata.

Thelayeroftheairnexttotheearth,whichextendsupwardforabouttenmiles,isknownasthetroposphere.Onthewhole,itmakesupabout75percentofalltheweightoftheatmosphere.Itisthewarmestpartoftheatmospherebecausemostofthesolarradiationisabsorbedbytheearth’ssurfacewhichwarmstheairimmediatelysurroundingit.Asteadydecreaseoftemperaturewithincreasingelevationisamoststrikingcharacteristic.Theupperlayersarecolderbecauseoftheirgreaterdistancefromtheearth’ssurfaceandrapidradiationofheatintospace.Thetemperatureswithinthetropospheredecreaseabout3.5degreesper1,000feetincreaseinaltitude.Withinthetroposphere,windsandaircurrentsdistributeheatandmoisture.Strongwinds,calledjetstreams,arelocatedattheupperlevelsofthetroposphere.Thesejetstreamsarebothcomplexandwidespreadinoc