考研考博-英語-宿州學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-宿州學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Onewayforwriterstosupportapointisthrough（

）,thatis,bymeansofseveralexamplestobackupanidea.

問題1選項

A.illustration

B.explanation

C.demonstration

D.interpretation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項illustration“說明”，有舉例說明的意思；B選項explanation“解釋”；C選項demonstration“游行示威，證明”；D選項interpretation“解釋，說明”。根據(jù)severalexamples（幾個例子）可知選A。句意：作家支持一個觀點的一種方法是通過說明，即通過幾個例子來支持一個觀點。

2.單選題

Thelawyerpromisedtogotogreattodefendhim.

問題1選項

A.lengths

B.measures

C.efforts

D.endeavors

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項lengthsn.長度（指距離，時間）；B選項measuresn.方法，對策；C選項effortsn.努力；D選項endeavorn.努力，盡力。gotogreatlengths表示“竭盡全力；不遺余力”，因此，正確答案是A項。句意：律師向他保證會竭盡全力為他辯護。

3.單選題

Distrustingwomen,heremaineda（

）allhislife.

問題1選項

A.marshal

B.bandit

C.bachelor

D.burglar

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。marshal意為“元帥”；bandit意為“土匪，強盜”；bachelor意為“未婚男子，單身漢，學(xué)士”；burglar意為“竊賊”。

句意：由于不信任女人，他做了一輩子單身漢。

4.單選題

Afakecanbedefinedasanartworkintendedtodeceive.Themotivesofitscreatoraredecisive,andthemeritoftheobjectitselfisaseparateissue.ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake?TheArtofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal?Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.

ThegreaterpartofFake?isdevotedtoachronologicalsurveysuggestingthatfakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.InmedievalEurope,becauseartwascelebratedmoreforitsdevotionalusesthanforitsprovenanceortheingenuityofitscreators,thefakingofartwasvirtuallynonexistent.ThemodernageoffakingbeganintheItalianRenaissance,withtwolinkeddevelopments:apassionateidentificationwiththeworldofantiquityandagrowingsenseofindividualartisticidentity.ApatronoftheyoungMichelangeloprevailedupontheartisttomakehisSculptureSleepingCupidlookasthoughithadbeenburiedintheearthsothat“itwillbetakenforantique,andyouwillsellitmuchbetter.”Withinafewyears,however,beginningwithhisfirstmasterpiece,theBacchus,Michelangelohadshownhiscontemporariesthatgreatartcanassimilateandtranscendwhatcamebefore,resultinginawhollyoriginalwork.Soonhisgeniusmadehimtheobjectofimitators.

Fake?Alsoremindsusthatincertainculturesauthenticityisaforeignconcept.ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.Asanillustration,thestudycomparestwoversionsofachiwaramaskmadebytheBambarapeopleofMali.Onehaspegsallowingittobeattachedtoacapforitsintendedceremonialpurpose.Thesecond,otherwiseidentical,lacksthepegsandisareplicamadeforsale.Africancarvingisnotoriouslydifficulttodate,buteveniftheritualmaskisrecent,madeperhapstoreplaceadamagedpredecessor,andthereplicamucholder,onlytheritualmaskshouldbeseenasauthentic,foritistiedtotheform’soriginalfunction.That,atleast,istheconsensusoftheso-calledexperts.OnewonderswhethertheBambaranartistswouldagree.

56.Thepassagecanbestbedescribedasdoingwhichoneofthefollowing?

57.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’smainpoint?

58.TheauthorprovidesatleastoneexampleofeachofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

59.Theauthorimplieswhichoneofthefollowingabouttheartisticmeritsoffakes?

60.Bythestandarddescribedinthelastparagraphofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredauthentic?

問題1選項

A.Reconcilingvariedpointsofview.

B.Chroniclingtheevolutionofaphenomenon.

C.Exploringacomplexquestion.

D.Advocatinganewapproach.

問題2選項

A.Whetheraworkofartisfakeornotislessimportantthanwhetherithasartisticmerit.

B.Itispossibletoshowthataworkofartisfake,buttheauthenticityofaworknotbeprovedconclusively.

C.Avarietyofcircumstancesmakeitdifficulttodeterminewhetheraworkofartcanappropriatelybecalledafake.

D.Thefakingofarthasoccurredthroughouthistoryandinvirtuallyeveryculture.

問題3選項

A.categoriesofartthatareneitherwhollyfakenorwhollyoriginal

B.contemporaryartistswhoseworkshaveinspiredfakes

C.qualitiesthatartcollectorshaveprizedintheiracquisitions

D.culturesinwhichthefakingofartflourished

問題4選項

A.Afakemayormaynothaveartisticmeritinitsownright,regardlessofthecircumstancesofitsproduction.

B.Whetherafakehasartisticmeritdependsonwhetheritscreatorisaccomplishedasanartist.

C.Theartisticmeritoffakedependsonthemeritoftheoriginalworkthatinspiredthefake.

D.Afakecanbesaidtohaveartisticmeritonlyiftheattempteddeceptionissuccessful.

問題5選項

A.AnancientRomancopyofanancientGreeksculpture.

B.Amodernreconstructionofamedievalaltarpiecedesignedtoserveitstraditionalroleinaserviceofworship.

C.Aprintofapaintingsignedbytheartistwhopaintedtheoriginal.

D.ApaintingbegunbyRenaissancemasterandfinishedbyhisassistantsafterhisdeath.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“這篇文章可以最好的描述為在做下列哪一種事情？”。通讀全文可知，都在從各個角度講述贗品其實是另外一件藝術(shù)品這樣一個復(fù)雜的問題，作者認為雖然創(chuàng)造者的動機是欺騙性的，但是這件藝術(shù)品本身的特質(zhì)是另外一回事；而且在文中作者舉了相關(guān)的例子加以說明，例如第二段第二句InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.（在羅馬帝國時期，人們對收藏早期希臘藝術(shù)品有著廣泛的興趣，因此也熱衷于偽造藝術(shù)品。毫無疑問，現(xiàn)在作為“羅馬復(fù)制品”展出的許多雕塑最初被冒充為希臘雕塑）提到，羅馬的藝術(shù)品很多是希臘當(dāng)時的仿造品，但是現(xiàn)在仍然被視為珍寶。通過分析，C項“探索一個復(fù)雜的問題”符合題意。A項“調(diào)和不同的觀點”，文中沒有提到不同的觀點；B項“記錄某一現(xiàn)象的演變”，文中也沒有記錄贗品現(xiàn)象的演變；D項“提倡新方法”不符合文章大意。因此該題選C。

57.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“下列哪個選項最好地表達了作者的主要觀點？”。根據(jù)文章的第一段Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal？Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.（事實上，它可能同樣被命名為“原創(chuàng)？”；而且這篇文章一開始就沒有任何可能性介于這兩個極端之間；其中包括大師風(fēng)格的追隨者的作品、有意的古語、為教學(xué)目的的復(fù)制以及商業(yè)復(fù)制品的生產(chǎn)）可知，一件藝術(shù)品在各種情況下都沒有可能性確定是贗品，所以C項“在各種各樣的情況下，很難確定一件藝術(shù)品是否可以被恰當(dāng)?shù)胤Q為贗品”符合題意。A項“一件藝術(shù)品是否贗品并不重要，重要的是它是否有藝術(shù)價值”，根據(jù)最后一段第二句ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.（當(dāng)收藏家認為一件物品的真?zhèn)稳Q于它的功能時，很多非洲藝術(shù)品都是如此）可知，一件藝術(shù)品的重要之處還在于它的功能，A項片面，所以不選；B項“有可能證明一件藝術(shù)品是贗品，但無法最終證明一件藝術(shù)品的真?zhèn)巍保闹刑岬經(jīng)]有任何可能證明一件藝術(shù)品是贗品，B項錯誤；D項“藝術(shù)造假在歷史上和幾乎每一種文化中都屢見不鮮”，選項本身沒有錯誤，但是這不是文章主要的內(nèi)容，文章主要是討論贗品和藝術(shù)品的之間的區(qū)別和關(guān)系。因此該題選C。

58.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“除了哪一項之外，作者至少為下列每一項提供了一個例子？”。A項“既非完全贗品也非完全原創(chuàng)的藝術(shù)類別”，根據(jù)文章第一段ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake？TheActofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal？（馬克?瓊斯的《贗品：欺騙的藝術(shù)》一書，標題中的問號揭示了該研究更廣泛的擔(dān)憂。事實上，它可能同樣被命名為“原創(chuàng)?”）可知，A項有所提及；B項“當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家的作品激發(fā)了贗品的創(chuàng)作靈感”，文中沒有相關(guān)提及的例子；根據(jù)第二段第一句fakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.（造假會助長人們收藏藝術(shù)品的多種不同動機，而且，總體而言，藝術(shù)收藏繁榮的時候，造假也就繁榮起來）可知，C項“這些品質(zhì)是藝術(shù)收藏家在他們的藏品中所珍視的”和D項“偽造藝術(shù)盛行的文化”都有提及，只有B選項沒有提到。因此該題選B。

59.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“作者暗示了下列哪一項是關(guān)于贗品的藝術(shù)價值？”。根據(jù)第二段第一句onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes（總體而言，藝術(shù)收藏繁榮的時候，造假也就繁榮起來）可知，贗品有沒有藝術(shù)價值，取決于藝術(shù)收藏是否盛行，所以A項“一件贗品本身可能有也可能沒有藝術(shù)價值，與它的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境無關(guān)”符合題意。B項“一個贗品是否有藝術(shù)價值，取決于它的創(chuàng)作者是否作為一個藝術(shù)家完成”，根據(jù)第二段InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.（在羅馬帝國時期，人們對收藏早期希臘藝術(shù)品有著廣泛的興趣，因此也熱衷于偽造藝術(shù)品；毫無疑問，現(xiàn)在作為“羅馬復(fù)制品”展出的許多雕塑最初被冒充為希臘雕塑）可知，一個贗品是否有價值和它的創(chuàng)作者是不是藝術(shù)家無關(guān)，B項錯誤；C項“贗品的藝術(shù)價值取決于激發(fā)贗品靈感的原作的價值”，最后一段第二句提到ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.（當(dāng)收藏家認為一件物品的真?zhèn)稳Q于它的功能時，很多非洲藝術(shù)品都是如此），由此可知贗品的藝術(shù)價值也可以取決于它的功能；D項“一件贗品只有在欺騙成功的情況下才可以說是有藝術(shù)價值的”，內(nèi)容與文章不符。因此該題選A。

60.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)文章最后一段所描述的標準，下列哪項會被認為是可信的？”。文章中最后一段第二句指出ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.（當(dāng)收藏家認為一件物品的真?zhèn)稳Q于它的功能時，很多非洲藝術(shù)品都是如此），由此可知只有當(dāng)收藏家是基于它的功能而把它視為藝術(shù)的時候，它才是真的；所以B項“現(xiàn)代重建的中世紀祭壇作品，為在禮拜儀式中發(fā)揮其傳統(tǒng)作用而設(shè)計的”符合題意。A項“古希臘雕塑的古羅馬復(fù)制品”不是最后一段的內(nèi)容；C項“由原畫作者簽名的一幅畫的復(fù)制品”和D項“一幅由文藝復(fù)興時期的大師開始，在他死后由他的助手完成的畫”在文中沒有相關(guān)的出處。因此該題選B。

5.翻譯題

Thenumberskeeprising,thesuperlativeskeepglowing.Eachyear,selectivecollegespromotetheirapplicationtotals,alongwiththevirtuesoftheirapplicants.

Forthisfairsfreshmanclass,thestatisticsreachedremarkablelevels.Stanfordreceivedarecord32,022applicationsfromstudentsitcalled’’simplyamazing”andaccepted7percentofthem.Brownsawanunprecedented30,135applicants,wholefttheadmissionsstaff"deeplyimpressedandattimesawed."Ninepercentwereadmitted.

ThebiggestboastcamefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.Inanewsrelease,UCLAsaiditsacceptedstudentshad"demonstratedexcellenceinallaspectsoftheirlives."Citingitsrecord57,670applications,theuniversityproclaimeditself"themostpopularcampusinthenation.”

Suchannouncementstellastoryinwhichcollegesgetbetter——andstudentsgetmoreamazing-everyyear.Inreality,thenarrativeisfarmorecomplex,andtheimplicationsfarlesssunnyforstudentsaswellascollegescaughtupinthecruelcycleofselectivity

ToSomedegree,theincreasesareinevitable:thecollege-boundpopulationgrown,andso,too,hasthenumberofapplicationsstudentsfile,thanksinparttoonlinetechnology.

Butwhereveritisrainingapplications,collegeshavehelpedseedthecloudsbyrecruitingwidelyandaggressivelyforevermoreapplicants.

Admissionsofficersarechasingnotsomuchamoreperfectstudentasamoreperfectclass.Inagivenyear,thiselusiveidealmightrequiremoreviolinists,goalies,aspiringengineersorstudentswhocanpaythefullcostofattendanceCollegeseverywherewantmoreminoritystudents,moreout-of-statestudentsandmorestudentsfromoverseas.

Thepursuitrevealsthedualityofthemodemcollege:it’saplacethatservesthepublicinterestandabusinesswithabottomline.

Althoughthetensionbetweenmissionandmarketinghaslongdefinedadmissions,manybelievethebalancehastiltedtoofartowardthelatter.ManycollegeshavemadeapplyingassimpleasupdatingaFacebookpage.Somedeansandguidancecounselorscomplainthatit’stooeasy.Theyquestiontheethicsofintenserecruitmentbycollegesthatrejecttheoverwhelmingmajorityofapplicants.

"It’slikeneedinganewstereoandbuyingthewholeRadioShack,saysMarkSpeer,directorofcollegecounselingattheColumbiaGrammarandPreparatorySchoolinNewYork."Withthesebiggerpools,collegesaregettingalotofstudentswhohavenochance."

FredHargadon,formerdeanofadmissionsatPrincetonandStanford,doubtsthatmoreandmoreapplicantsmakeforastrongerclass,

“Icouldn’tpickabetterclassoutof30000applicantsthanoutof15.000hesays,"I’djustenduprejectingmultiplesofthesamekid.”

【答案】斯坦福大學(xué)收到了創(chuàng)紀錄的32,022份來自學(xué)生的申請，斯坦福稱這些申請“簡直太棒了”，并接受了其中7%的申請。

在現(xiàn)實中，故事要復(fù)雜得多，對于陷入殘酷的選擇性循環(huán)的學(xué)生和大學(xué)來說，其含義也遠沒有那么光明

但是，只要有大量的申請，大學(xué)就會通過廣泛而積極地招收更多的申請者，為申請埋下伏筆。

這種追求揭示了現(xiàn)代大學(xué)的兩面性:它是一個為公眾利益服務(wù)的地方也是一個有底線的企業(yè)。

“在3萬名申請者中，我找不到比15.000名更好的了,”他說道，我只是最終拒絕同樣的孩子。

6.單選題

Inresponsetothesignals,therobotarmsmakescribblesonwhitecanvaswiththreecoloredmarkersattachedtotheendofthearms.

問題1選項

A.images

B.scripts

C.scratches

D.characters

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項images“圖像；影像；肖像”；B選項scripts“原稿”；C選項scratches“刮傷；刮花”；D選項characters“特性；人物角色”。句意：作為對信號的回應(yīng)，機器人手臂會在白色畫布上涂鴉，手臂末端有三個彩色標記。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞markers“記號”，得知B選項正確。

7.填空題

EveryweekhundredsofCVs(簡歷)landonourdesks.We’veseenitall:CVsprintedonpinkpaper,CVsthatare10(1)pageslongandCVswithsillymistakesinfirstparagraph.A(2)goodCVisyourpassporttoailinterviewand,ultimate,tothejobyouwant.

Initialimpressionsarevital,andabadlypresentedCV(3)couldmeanacceptance,regardlessofwhat’sinit.(4)Hereareafewwaystoavoidendupontherejectpile.PrintyourCVongood-qualitywhitepaper.CVswithflowerybackgroundsorpinkpaperwill(5)standoutuponallthewrongreasons.

Getsomeonetocheckforspellingandgrammatical(6)errors,becauseaspell-checkerwillpickupeverymistake.CVswitherrorswillberejected—itshowsthatyoudon’tpayattentiontodetail.

Restrictyourselftooneortwopages,and(7)listinganypublicationsorrefereesonaseparatesheet.IfyouaresendingyourCVelectronically,checkthe(8)formattingbysendingittoyourselffirst.Keepuptheformatsimple.

Donotsendaphotounlessspecificallyrequested.If(9)youhavetosendone,makesureitisonetakinginaprofessionalsetting,ratherthanaholidaysnap.

Gettingthepresentationrightisjustthefirststep.Whataboutthecontent?TheRulehereistokeepitfactualand(10)truthful—exaggerationsusuallygetfindout.AndremembertotailoryourCVtoeachdifferentjob.

【答案】1.infirstparagraph改為inthefirstparagraph

2.ultimate改為ultimately

3.could改為couldnot

4.end改為ending

5.upon改為among

6.up改為out

7.listing改為list

8.keepup改為keep

9.taking改為took

10.find改為found

【解析】1.語法錯誤。根據(jù)文意，可知這里特指第一段，所以需添加定冠詞the。句意：10頁長的簡歷和第一段有愚蠢錯誤的簡歷。

2.語法錯誤。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里需要用副詞ultimately修飾整個句子。句意：一份好的簡歷是你面試的通行證，也是你最終得到你想要的工作的通行證。

3.上下文語義理解錯誤。根據(jù)文章意思，可知一份看上去糟糕的簡歷不會被接受，應(yīng)該為否定意義，所以需在could后添加not。句意：最初的印象是至關(guān)重要的，一個糟糕的簡歷可能意味著不被接受，不管內(nèi)容怎么樣。

4.搭配錯誤。根據(jù)搭配avoiddoingsth.“避免做某事”，可知應(yīng)該用end的-ing形式。句意：這里有一些方法可以避免堆積。

5.語法錯誤。Upon“在……之上”，根據(jù)文意，可知文意為在……之間，所以選用解析among。句意：背景絢麗或粉紅色紙的簡歷會在簡歷之間脫穎而出。

6.搭配錯誤。根據(jù)文意，可知表達的意思為“挑出每一個錯誤”。Pickup“撿起，獲得”；pickout“挑出”。句意：找個人檢查一下拼寫和語法錯誤，拼寫檢查者會發(fā)現(xiàn)每一個錯誤。

7.語法錯誤。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知這里是由and連接的兩個并列祈使句，restrict和list為并列成分，所以都應(yīng)該用動詞原形。句意：只著重瀏覽一兩頁，在另一單獨頁列出任何出版物或推薦者。

8.語法錯誤。固定搭配keepupdoingsth.“保持/繼續(xù)做某事”。根據(jù)句意，可知表達的意思為“保持簡單”，up需省略。Keep可以單獨做系動詞，后接形容詞。

9.語法錯誤。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知taking作one的后置定語，one指代photo，take和photo之間存在被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用過去分詞作后置定語，改為took。句意：如果你必須發(fā)送一張照片，確保它是在專業(yè)情況下拍攝的，而不是假日快照。

10.搭配錯誤。根據(jù)固定搭配getsth.done“使……被……”，可知動詞原形find應(yīng)該改為found過去分詞表被動，表示“被找出，被發(fā)現(xiàn)”。句意：規(guī)則是保持真實——過分夸張通常會被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

8.單選題

Mrs.Jenkins,uponhearingthatherarmwasbroken,looked______atthedoctor.

問題1選項

A.jovially

B.plaintively

C.fortuitously

D.opportunely

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.jovially高興地；愉快地B.plaintively哀怨地，傷心地

C.fortuitously偶然地，意外地D.opportunely及時地；恰好地

【答案】B

【考查點】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息herarmwasbroken（她的胳膊斷了）可知，空格處填入“傷心地”符合句意。因此，該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】詹金斯太太聽到她的胳膊斷了，悲傷地看著醫(yī)生。

9.單選題

Awordprocessorismuchbetterthanatypewriterinthatitenablesyoutoenterand（

）yourtextmoreeasily.

問題1選項

A.register

B.edit

C.propose

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】句意:文字信息處理機比打字機好得多，因為它能使你更容易地輸入和編輯文本。

動詞辨析。Register登記，注冊;edit編輯，校對;propose建議，打算;discharge排放，解雇。因此B符合句意。

10.單選題

Mygrandpagavemeawatch,whichismadeofgold,（）Ikeeptothisday.

問題1選項

A.andthus

B.and

C.so

D.andwhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。題目中有兩個非限制性定語從句，第一個由which引導(dǎo)，先行詞在定語從句中做主語，第二個也需用關(guān)系代詞which，先行詞在定語從句中做賓語，所以也不能省略，選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Alltheflights（

）becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.

問題1選項

A.werecanceled

B.hadbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.havingbeencanceled

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。邏輯主語是“alltheflights”，句子主語是“we”，一個句子中不能有兩個謂語動詞，因此選項A、B可以排除；flights與cancel是被動關(guān)系，所以選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Theoldking（

）.Theyaremakinganewking.

問題1選項

A.wasbelievedtobekilled

B.isbelievedbeingkilled

C.isbelievedhavingbeenkilled

D.isbelievedtohavebeenkilled

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。由第二句“他們正在選舉一位新國王”可知，之前的國王被認為已經(jīng)殺害了，故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動，再結(jié)合bebelievedto“被認為……”可知D項正確。句意：他們認為之前的國王已經(jīng)被殺害了，他們正在選舉一位新國王。

13.單選題

Wehad（）wonderfultime（）theparty（）otherday.

問題1選項

A.a,on,the

B./,at,on

C.a,at,the

D./,on,/

【答案】C

【解析】句意:前幾天，我在聚會上玩得很開心。

考查固定搭配。haveawonderfultime玩得開心。atparty在聚會上。theotherday前幾天。

14.單選題

TomandRachelLeihbachei’sfriendshavealwaysbeeninstrumentalintheirlives.

問題1選項

A.approachable

B.thoughtful

C.functional

D.helpful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instrumental表示“樂器的，有幫助的，儀器的”；A項approachable“親切友善的，易理解的，可接近的”，B項thoughtful“深思的，體貼的，關(guān)切的”，C項functional“功能的”，D項helpful“有幫助的，有益的”。句意：湯姆和雷切爾雷巴赫的朋友在他們的生活中一直很有幫助。根據(jù)句意可知，instrumental在句中表示“有幫助的”，D項的意思符合句子。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

15.單選題

Thebranchesofthesmalltreecouldhardly（

）theweightofthefruit.

問題1選項

A.retain

B.maintain

C.remain

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。retain“保持，記住”；maintain“保持”；remain“保持，留下”；sustain“維持，支持，支撐”。句意；小樹的枝丫很難承受果實的重量。D項符合題意。

16.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.

Thehypothesisofnaturalselectionmaynotbeacompleteexplanation,butitledtoagreaterthingthanitself—anacceptanceofthetheoryoforganicevolution,whichtheyearshavebutconfined.Yetatfirstsomenaturalistsjoinedtheopposition.Tothemany,whowereunabletojudgethebiologicalevidence,theeffectofthetheoryofevolutionseemedincredibleaswellasdevastating,toruncountertocommonsenseandtooverwhelmallphilosophicandreligiouslandmarks.Eveneducatedman,choosingbetweentheBookofGenesisandtheOriginofSpecies,proclaimedwithDisraelithathewas“onthesideoftheAngels”.

【答案】自然選擇的假說可能不是一個完整的解釋，但它引出了一個比它本身更偉大的東西——對有機進化理論的接受，這一理論多年來一直受到限制。然而，起初有些博物學(xué)家加入了反對陣營。對許多無法判斷生物學(xué)證據(jù)的人來說，進化論的影響似乎難以置信，而且是毀滅性的，它與常識背道而馳，壓倒了所有哲學(xué)和宗教的里程碑。即使是受過教育的人，在《創(chuàng)世紀》和《物種起源》中做出選擇時，也會和迪斯雷利一起宣稱自己“站在天使一邊”。

17.單選題

Flood,（）andfaminearenaturaldisastersoftenfacingthepeopleinthepeninsula.

問題1選項

A.war

B.sanction

C.overpopulation

D.drought

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項war“戰(zhàn)爭，斗爭，軍事，競爭”；B選項sanction“制裁，處罰，認可，支持”；C選項overpopulation“人口過?！?；D選項drought“干旱，久旱”。句意：洪水、（）和饑荒是半島人民經(jīng)常面臨的自然災(zāi)害。題干中主要談?wù)搉aturaldisasters自然災(zāi)害，空格前后也都是自然因素。因此D選項正確。

18.單選題

（）isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

問題1選項

A.What

B.That

C.It

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查as的用法。as可作關(guān)系代詞引出非限制性定語從句，代替整個主句，意為“如……一樣，像……一樣”等；as引導(dǎo)的從句一般用逗號與主句隔開，可以位于主句的前面、中間或后面。句意：人們普遍認為，經(jīng)濟的增長取決于生產(chǎn)的順利發(fā)展。因此D選項正確。

19.單選題

Thepeasants,distributedbytheshiftfromamedievaltoamoderneconomy,hadlongbeeninferment.

問題1選項

A.poverty

B.turmoil

C.prosperity

D.stability

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項poverty“貧困”；B選項turmoil“騷動”；C選項prosperity“繁榮”；D選項stability“穩(wěn)定”。句意：由于中世紀經(jīng)濟向現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟的轉(zhuǎn)變，農(nóng)民們早已處于騷動之中。劃線部分ferment是騷動的意思。因此B選項正確。

20.單選題

Thenewmiracleofthemedicalworldisthestemcell,amarvelofhumannatureinthatitcanbecomeanyofnearly220celltypesthatconstitutethehumanbody.Itisoftencalledablankcellthatcanbeprogrammedtobecomeothercells.Researcherspredictthat,byusingstemcells,theycancreateorgansthatcanbetransplantedintopeoplewhodesperatelyneedthemtosavetheirlives.Themostcommonsourceofstemcellsisthehumanembryo,theinitialstageofhumanlifeafterafemaleeggisimpregnatedbyamalesperm.InthisveryfactliesanethicalconundrumthathasrockedboththemedicalandpoliticallandscapeoftheUnitedStatesandothercountries.Coupledwiththisisnewresearchincloning,whichhasseensomesuccessindevelopinganimalspecieswithouttheuseofnormalbirthingprocedures.Alloftheseareasofresearcharemakingquiteafewpeoplenervousaboutboththesourcesofstemcellsandwheretheresearchistakingmankind.

Moststemcell-containingembryoscomefromfourdifferentsources:fertilityclinicswhichoftenstoremorehumanembryosthanareneeded;fetusesfromunwantedpregnanciesthatareaborted;therapeuticcloning,whichiswhenahumaneggisstimulatedintoanembryo-likestate;andcustom-fertilizationinwhichahumaneggisdeliberatelyfertilizedwithspermtocreateanembryoinordertoharvestitsstemcells.Morallymanypeopleareoutragedbythesesources,claimingthathumanlifeisnotsomethingthatshouldbetamperedwithandcreatedjustforscientificandmedicalpurposes.Atthecoreofthisdebateistheissueofwhatreallyconstitutesahumanbeing,withonesideclaimingahumandoesnotexistuntilbornfromitsmotherwhiletheothersideclaimsthatonceeggandspermmeet,lifehasbegun.

TheUnitedStatesgovernmenthastakenanactiveroleinthedebateandisconsciouslylookingatthevotingboothwhilemakingdecisionsregardingstemcellresearch.Thegovernmentgavethego-aheadforfederalspendingonstemcellresearchbutlimitedactivitytospecimensthatalreadyexisted,meaningnonewembryoscouldbecreatedsolelyforstemcellresearch.Similarlawsregardingcloningresearchhavebeenproposed,includingtherapeuticcloning.Manyuniversitiesandresearchcentersworrythattheselawsmaycausetheirbestandbrightestscientiststoseekappointmentsoverseas,wherestemcellresearchisnotsocontroversial.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,astemcellisunlikeothercellsbecause（）.

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,allofthefollowingaresourcesofsteincellsEXCEPT（）.

3.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,themaindebateconcerningstemcellsourcesrevolvesaround（

）.

4.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?

5.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,Americanuniversitiesandresearchinstitutesareworriedabout（

）.

問題1選項

A.ithasatleast220differentparts

B.itcandevelopintoanyothercell

C.ithasbeenusedtocureillness

D.itisatthecenterofacontroversy

問題2選項

A.artificiallyimpregnatedwomen

B.humaneggsthatactliketheyarefertilized

C.embryosmadeforpeoplewhocannotconceive

D.theremainsofunwantedbabies1.（）.

問題3選項

A.howtheyareextractedfromthesource

B.whatthestemcellareusedfor

C.themethodsusedtoproducethem

D.whensomeonebelieveslifebegins

問題4選項

A.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentisinvolvedinthedebateonstemcellsonlybecauseitisworriedaboutthevoters.

B.ThevotersaremakingtheUnitedStatesgovernmentworriedaboutitspositiononstemcellresearch.

C.TheissueofstemcellresearchisonethatUnitedStatesvotersareconcernedabout

D.TheUnitedStatesgovernment’sdecisionsonstemcellresearchreflectwhatitsvotingpublicwants.2.（）.

問題5選項

A.notgettingenoughfundsforstemcellresearch

B.losingpeopleforbetteropportunitieselsewhere

C.havingthegovernmentshutdowntheiroperations

D.havingtofindnewsourcesofstemcells

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:Thenewmiracleofthemedicalworldisthestemcell,amarvelofhumannatureinthatitcanbecomeanyofnearly220celltypesthatconstitutethehumanbody(醫(yī)學(xué)界的新奇跡是干細胞。令人驚嘆的是，它可以成為構(gòu)成人體的近220種細胞中的任何一種),故選B“它能發(fā)展成任何其它的細胞”。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干問:根據(jù)第二段,以下哪項不是干細胞的來源。A:人工懷孕的女性,B:類似于已受精狀的人類卵子,C:為不孕的人所做的胚胎,D:意外懷孕產(chǎn)出的嬰兒的遺體。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Moststemcell-containingembryoscomefromfour

differentsources:fertilityclinicswhichoftenstoremorehumanembryosthanareneeded;fetusesfromunwantedpregnanciesthatareaborted;therapeuticcloning,whichiswhenahumaneggisstimulatedintoanembryo-likestate;andcustom-fertilizationinwhichahumaneggisdeliberatelyfertilizedwithspermtocreateanembryoinordertoharvestitsstemcells(大多數(shù)包含干細胞的胚胎來自四個不同的來源：經(jīng)常儲存有多余人類胚胎的產(chǎn)科；因意外懷孕而被流產(chǎn)的胎兒；治療性克?。慈祟惵炎颖淮碳こ膳咛睿┖吞囟ǖ氖芫慈祟惵炎颖还室獾嘏c精子受精來創(chuàng)造一個胚胎，以便獲取其干細胞）),因此只有A未被提及。故選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Atthecoreofthisdebateistheissueofwhatreallyconstitutesahumanbeing,withonesideclaimingahumandoesnotexistuntilbornfromitsmotherwhiletheothersideclaimsthatonceeggandspermmeet,lifehasbegun(這場爭論的中心是什么真正地構(gòu)成了人類，一方的人宣稱直到從母親身體生出來之后，人才真正存在，然而另一方的人卻宣稱一旦卵子和精子結(jié)合生命就開始了)。故選D“人們認為生命是從何吋開始”。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段劃線句句意為:美國政府己積極參與這場爭論，在做有關(guān)干細胞研究的決定吋正有意識地看著投票站。由此可知D項“美國政府有關(guān)干細胞研究的決定反映出其投票的公眾的需求”正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Manyuniversitiesandresearchcentersworrythattheselawsmaycausetheirbestandbrightestscientiststoseekappointmentsoverseas,wherestemcellresearchisnotsocontroversial(很多大學(xué)和研究中心擔(dān)心，這些法律可能導(dǎo)致它們優(yōu)秀和最杰出的科學(xué)家們前往干細胞研究沒有如此有爭議的海外尋求職位)。由此可知B“因海外更好的機會而流失人才”正確。

21.單選題

Ithasalwaysbeendifficultforthephilosopherorscientisttofittimeintohisviewoftheuniverse.PriortoEinsteinianphysics,therewasnotrulyadequateformulationoftherelationshipoftimetootherforcesintheuniverse,eventhoughsomeempiricalequationsincludedtimequantities.However,eventheEinsteinianformulationisnotperhapstotallyadequatetothejoboffittingtimeintotheproperrelationshipwiththeotherdimensions,astheyarecalled,ofspace.Theprimaryproblemarisesinrelationtothingswhichmightbegoingfasterthanthespeedoflight,orhaveotherstrangeproperties.

ExaminationoftheLorentz-Fitzgeraldformulasyieldstheinterestingspeculationthatifsomethingdidactuallyexceedthespeedoflightitwouldhaveitsmassexpressedasanimaginarynumberandwouldseemtobegoingbackwardsintime.Thebarriertoexceedingthespeedoflightisanapparentneedtohaveaninfinitequantityofmassmovedatexactlythespeedoflight.Ifthissituationcouldbeleapedoverinalargequantumjump-whichseemshighlyunlikelyformassesthatarelargeinnormalcircumstances-thentheothersidemaybeachievable.

Theideaofgoingbackwardsintimeisderivedfromtheexistenceofatimevectorthatisnegative,althoughjustwhatthismightmeantooursensesintheunlikelycircumstanceofourexperiencingthisstatecannotbeconjectured.Therehavebeen,infact,someobservationsofparticlechamberswhichhaveleadsomescientiststospeculatethataparticlecalledthetachyonmayexistwiththetans-lightpropertieswehavejustdiscussed.

Thedifficultiesofimaginingandcopingwiththesepotentialimplicationsofourmathematicalmodelspointsouttheimportanceofstudyingalternativemethodsofnotationforadvancedphysics.ProfessorZuckerkandl,inhisbookSoundandSymbol,hypothesizesthatitmightbebettertoexpresstherelationshipsfoundinquantummechanicsthroughtheuseofanotationde