考研考博-英語-包頭職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-包頭職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theoldcoupledecidedto（）aboythoughtheyhadthreechildrenown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.bring

C.receive

D.adopt

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“（使）適應(yīng)，改編”，常用“adaptoneselftosth.適應(yīng)……”；B選項(xiàng)bring“帶來”；C選項(xiàng)receive“收到”；D選項(xiàng)adopt“采納，收養(yǎng)，選定”。句意：雖然這對(duì)老夫婦已經(jīng)有了三個(gè)孩子，但他們還是決定（）一個(gè)男孩。這里要表達(dá)的意思是“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)一個(gè)男孩”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

ThePlanningCommissionassertsthattheneededreductioninacutecarehospitalbedscanbestbeaccomplishedbyclosingthesmallerhospitals,mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary.Thisstrategyfollowsfromtheargumentthatclosingentireinstitutionssavesmoremoneythanclosingtheequivalentnumberofbedsscatteredthroughoutthehealthsystem.

Theissueisnotthesimple.Largerhospitalsgenerallyaredesignedtoprovidemorecomplexcare.Routinecareatlargehospitalscostsmorethanthesamecaregivenatsmallerhospitals.Therefore,closureofallthesmallhospitalswouldcommitthecitytopayingconsiderablymoreforinpatientcaredeliveredatacutecarehospitalsthanwouldbethecasewithamixtureoflargeandsmallinstitutions.Sincereimbursementratesatthelargehospitalsarenowbasedontotalcosts,payingthelargeinstitutionsalowerrateforroutinecarewouldsimplyraisetheratesforcomplexcarebyacomparableamount.Suchareimbursementrateadjustmentmightmakethechargesforeachindividualcasemoreaccuratelyreflecttheactualcosts,buttherewouldbenoreductioninthetotalcosts.

Thereissomeevidencethatgianthospitalsarenotthemostefficient.Serviceorganizations—andmedicalcareremainslargelyaserviceindustry―frequentlyfindthatsavingsofscalehaveanupperlimit.Similarly,thequalityofroutinecareintheverylargesthospitalsappearstobelessthanoptimum.Also,theconcentrationofallhospitalbedsinafewlocationsmayaffecttheaccesstocare.

Thussimplyclosingthesmallerhospitalswillnotnecessarilysavemoneyorimprovethequalityofcare.

Sincethefactremainsthattherearetoomanyacutecarehospitalbedsinthecity,theproblemistodeviseaproperstrategyforselectingandurgingtheclosureoftheexcessbeds,howevermanyitmayturnouttobe.

Theclosingofwholebuildingswithinlargemedicalcentershadmanyofthecostadvantagesofclosingthewholeofsmallinstitutions,becausethefixedcostscanalsobereducedinsuchcases.Unfortunately,manyoftheseparatebuildingsatmedicalcentersarespecialusefacilities,therelocationofwhichisextremelycostly.Still,asearchshouldbemadeforsuchopportunities.

Thecurrentlackofadequateambulatorycarefacilitiesraisesanotherpossibility.Somefloorsorotherlargecompactareasofhospitalscouldbetransferredfrominpatienttoambulatoryuses.Reimbursementofambulatoryservicesischaotic,buttheproblemisbeingaddressed.Theoverheadassociatedwiththeentirehospitalshouldnotbechargedevenproratetotheambulatoryfacilities.Evenifitwere,thetotalcostwouldprobablybelessthanthatofbuildingofanewfacility.Manyotherissueswouldalsoneedstudy,especiallythepotentialover-centralizationofambulatoryservices.

ThePlanningCommissionlanguageseemstoimplythatonereasonforclosingsmallerhospitalsisthattheyare“mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary”,thus,preservingthepublichospitalsystembymakingtherestofthehospitalsystemabsorbtheneededcuts.Itisimportanttopreservethepublichospitalsystemformanyreasons,buttheissueshouldbefaceddirectlyandnothiddenbehindargumentsabouthospitalsizeifindeedthatwasthemeaning.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

2.ThePlanningCommissionisaccusedbytheauthorofbeing（）.

3.Theauthor’spurposeindiscussingambulatorycareisto（）.

4.Withwhichofthefollowingistheauthorleastlikelytoagree?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelthathissuggestionsforclosinginpatientbedscouldimpactontheambulatorycaresystem?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.MaintainingAdequateHospitalFacilities

B.DefendingthePublicHospitals

C.ProtectingtheProprietaryandVoluntaryHospitals

D.EconomicEfficiencyinHospitalBedClosings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.unfair

B.foolish

C.shortsighted

D.ignorant

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.discussalternativestoclosinghospitalbeds

B.presentamethodofreducingthefiscaldisadvantagesofclosingonlypartsoflargerhospitals

C.helppreservethepublichospitalsystem

D.attacktheinefficientuseofspaceonlargerhospitals

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Aproposaltosavecostsinaprisonsystembybuildingonlyverylargeprisoncomplexes.

B.Aplantostoptheclosingofanybedswhatsoeverinthecity,untilthecostsofvariousalternativescanbefullyconsidered.

C.Aproposalbyanarchitecturefirmthatnewhospitalbuildingshavecentralizedrecordsystem.

D.Amayoralcommissionbeingformedtostudytheplightoftheelderly.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ambulatorycarecostswillprobablybereduced.

B.Areductionofhospitalbedswillincreasethedemandforambulatoryservices.

C.Smallerhospitalswillhavetocutbackambulatoryservicestostayfiscallyviable.

D.Theuseasambulatoryfacilitiesofthespacemadeavailableinlargehospitalsbybedclosingsmightresultinhavingtoomanyambulatoryservicesbasedinlargehospitals.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文首段主旨句“ThePlanningCommissionassertsthattheneededreductioninacutecarehospitalbedscanbestbeaccomplishedbyclosingthesmallerhospitals,mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary.”中文翻譯為：規(guī)劃委員會(huì)聲稱醫(yī)院急癥護(hù)理床位所需的減少能最好地通過關(guān)閉較小的醫(yī)院（主要是慈善和私立醫(yī)院）來完成。結(jié)合后文，D選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)院床位關(guān)閉的經(jīng)濟(jì)效率”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。A:unfair“不公平的”；B:foolish“愚蠢的”；C:shortsighted“目光短淺的”；D:ignorant“無知的”。通讀全文可知，規(guī)劃委員會(huì)主張關(guān)閉一些小型醫(yī)院，而作者分析了直接關(guān)閉一些小型醫(yī)院這一方案存在的弊端，并提出了可供選擇的合理的解決方法，因此判斷出答案為C。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ambulatorycare可以定位到文章第七段“Thecurrentlackofadequateambulatorycarefacilitiesraisedanotherpossibility.”中文翻譯為：目前合適的門診醫(yī)療設(shè)備的缺乏提供了另外一種可能，以及原文第六段“Unfortunately,manyoftheseparatebuildingsatmedicalcentersarespecialusefacilities,therelocationofwhichisextremelycostly.Still,asearchshouldbemadeforsuchopportunities.”中文翻譯為：不幸的是，醫(yī)療中心的很多獨(dú)立的建筑都有其特殊的職能，改變這些建筑成本將會(huì)非常高。但還是需要去尋求這樣的機(jī)會(huì)?？芍鸢笧锽項(xiàng)“提出減少僅僅關(guān)閉大醫(yī)院中的部分區(qū)域的財(cái)政劣勢的方法”。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段“Routinecareatlargehospitalscostsmorethanthesamecaregivenatsmallerhospitals.”中文翻譯為：大醫(yī)院的常規(guī)護(hù)理費(fèi)用會(huì)高于小醫(yī)院?！笨梢耘袛郃項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)通過只是修建超大型監(jiān)獄綜合設(shè)施來節(jié)省監(jiān)獄系統(tǒng)成本的提議”和作者觀點(diǎn)有悖，故選A。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段“Manyotherissueswouldalsoneedstudy,especiallythepotentialover-centralizationofambulatoryservices.”中文翻譯為：很多其他問題也需要研究，尤其是非臥床醫(yī)療服務(wù)的潛在過度集中?？芍鸢笧镈“將因關(guān)閉床位而在大醫(yī)院空出來的空間用作流動(dòng)性設(shè)施可能導(dǎo)致很多流動(dòng)服務(wù)設(shè)立在大醫(yī)院中”。

3.單選題

______wasnotourconcern.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nomatterhowhemightpasstheexamination

B.Whetherhepassedtheexaminationornot

C.Thoughhemightpasstheexamination

D.Whilehepassedtheexamination

【答案】B

【解析】考查主語從句。句意：他考試及格與否不關(guān)我們的事。橫線部分為主語從句。B選項(xiàng)Whetherhepassedtheexaminationornot中whether…ornot“無論，是否”，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)Nomatterhowhemightpasstheexamination去掉might選項(xiàng)符合語法，翻譯成：無論他怎樣通過考試。C選項(xiàng)Thoughhemightpasstheexamination中though“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不符合語境。D選項(xiàng)Whilehepassedtheexamination中while“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，不符合語境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Ifwe（

）ourideasandresourceswemaybeabletoproduceareallygoodplan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pour

B.plunge

C.pool

D.assemble

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果我們集中所有的想法和資源，我們也許能制訂一個(gè)真正完美的計(jì)劃。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Pour使(液體)連續(xù)流出,傾倒,倒出,涌流;plunge使陷入,使投入;pool集中資源(或材料等);assemble集合,聚集。由關(guān)鍵詞ourideasandresources(想法和資源)可知C符合句意。

5.單選題

In1982,HitachiwasindictedforstealingconfidentialdocumentsfromIBM.Aspartofacourtsettlement,thecompanypaidIBMhundredsofmillionsofdollars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.condemnedfor

B.accusedof

C.disciplinedfor

D.disapprovedof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。beindictedfor“因……被指控”；A選項(xiàng)becondemnedfor“因……被譴責(zé)”；B選項(xiàng)beaccusedof“被指控”；C選項(xiàng)bedisciplinedfor“因……受到處分或懲罰”；D選項(xiàng)bedisapprovedofdoingsth.的搭配不存在。句意：1982年，日立被指控從IBM竊取機(jī)密文件。作為法庭和解的一部分，該公司向IBM支付了數(shù)億美元。題干說到“acourtsettlement庭外和解”，可推知indictedfor在這里有“因……被指控”的意思，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Lightingcanbeusednotonlytocreateanatmosphere,butalsoto（

）featuresofthehouse,suchasornamentsorpictures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.highlight

B.underline

C.activate

D.upgrade

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。highlight“突出，強(qiáng)調(diào)”；underline“強(qiáng)調(diào)，在…下面劃線”；activate“刺激，使活動(dòng)”；upgrade“使升級(jí)，提升”。句意：燈光的使用不僅能營造一種氛圍，還能突顯出房屋的風(fēng)格，如裝飾或圖畫。A項(xiàng)符合句意，答案A

7.單選題

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople’snutritionalstandardshavearisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendsaretwowhichhaveanadverseeffect.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce-bysuggestion-averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson’shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto（

）.

2.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause

（

）.

3.Paragraphs2and3explain

（

）.

4.InParagraph4theauthorillustrates

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

B.distinguishbetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication

C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyoftenwatchadsonTV

B.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised

C.theygenerallyleadasedentarylife

D.theydon’ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thatgoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects

B.whycleveradvertisingissopowerful

C.whyinmodemtimesself-medicationisstillpracticed

D.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome

B.people’sdoubtabouttakingdrugs

C.whyitmaybeworsetotakedrugsbyoneself

D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-medication

D.Self-treatment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.考察推理判斷。文章第一段第一句occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving提到偶爾的自我治療已經(jīng)成了人們正常生活中的一部分，接下來又提到了由于近百年來科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得制藥跟買藥的現(xiàn)象越來越普遍，這些都是說明自我治療已經(jīng)有一段很長的歷史了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.考察推理判斷。文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime提到廣告人將目標(biāo)定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上，因?yàn)榈眠@些小毛病的人都愿意在短時(shí)間內(nèi)自行買藥治療，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文章第二段提到科技進(jìn)步帶動(dòng)了醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步，但是醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步又產(chǎn)生了兩個(gè)不利的影響，一是各種醫(yī)藥廣告盛行甚至導(dǎo)致過度服用藥物，二是久坐不動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象越發(fā)嚴(yán)重，人們不愛運(yùn)動(dòng)、過度飲食、抽煙等各種不好的生活習(xí)慣。文章第三段主要講述了聰明的廣告人針對(duì)有需要的人打廣告。這兩段講述了由于生活習(xí)慣，由于廣告的影響，人們?cè)敢馊ベI藥物自行治療。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文章第四段主要講述了自我治療是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致情況更遭：Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought，列舉出了很多情況，比如購買的藥物可能有不恰當(dāng)?shù)某煞?、使用者?huì)依賴這些藥物、使用者可能過去食用等等。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段講述了自我治療的歷史；第二段講述了自我治療出現(xiàn)的原因；第三段講述了廣告商對(duì)自我治療產(chǎn)生的影響；第四段講述了自我治療有可能會(huì)引發(fā)的問題。由此可知，全文都是在講述自我治療。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Franklyspeaking,I'dratheryou（）anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.do

B.don'tdo

C.did

D.didn'tdo

【答案】D

【解析】wouldrather引導(dǎo)的從句用虛擬語氣,動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)態(tài)表示,所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A和B；根據(jù)anything可指本句應(yīng)該為否定語氣,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.翻譯題

Asimilarmovementisgoingonbeforeourowneyes.Modernbourgeoissociety,withitsrelationsofproduction,ofexchangeandofproperty,asocietythathasconjuredupsuchgiganticmeansofproductionandofexchange,islikethesorcererwhoisnolongerabletocontrolthepowersofthenetherworldwhomhehascalledupbyhisspells.Formanyadecadepast,thehistoryofindustryandcommerceisbutthehistoryoftherevoltofmodernproductiveforcesagainstmodernconditionsofproduction,againstthepropertyrelationsthataretheconditionsfortheexistenceofthebourgeoisandofitsrule.Itisenoughtomentionthecommercialcrisesthat,bytheirperiodicalreturn,puttheexistenceoftheentirebourgeoissocietyonitstrial,eachtimemorethreateningly.Inthesecrises,agreatpartnotonlyoftheexistingproducts,butalsoofthepreviouslycreatedproductiveforces,areperiodicallydestroyed.Inthesecrises,therebreaksoutanepidemicthat,inallearlierepochs,wouldhaveseemedanabsurdity—theepidemicofover-production.Societysuddenlyfindsitselfputbackintoastateofmomentarybarbarism;itappearsasifafamine,auniversalwarofdevastation,hadcutoffthesupplyofeverymeansofsubsistence;industryandcommerceseemtobedestroyed.Andwhy?

Becausethereistoomuchcivilization,toomuchmeansofsubsistence,toomuchindustry,toomuchcommerce.Theproductiveforcesatthedisposalofsocietynolongertendtofurtherthedevelopmentoftheconditionsofbourgeoisproperty;onthecontrary,theyhavebecometoopowerfulfortheseconditions,bywhichtheyarefettered,andsosoonastheyovercomethesefetters,theybringdisorderintothewholeofbourgeoissociety,endangertheexistenceofbourgeoisproperty.Theconditionsofbourgeoissocietyaretoonarrowtocomprisethewealthcreatedbythem.Andhowdoesthebourgeoisiegetoverthesecrises?Ontheonehand,byenforceddestructionofamassofproductiveforces;ontheother,bytheconquestofnewmarkets,andbythemorethoroughexploitationoftheoldones.Thatistosay,bypavingthewayformoreextensiveandmoredestructivecrises,andbydiminishingthemeanswherebycrisesareprevented.

【答案】現(xiàn)在，我們眼前又進(jìn)行著類似的運(yùn)動(dòng)。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系和交換關(guān)系，資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的所有制關(guān)系，這個(gè)曾經(jīng)仿佛用法術(shù)創(chuàng)造了如此龐大的生產(chǎn)資料和交換手段的現(xiàn)代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)，現(xiàn)在像一個(gè)魔法師一樣不能再支配自己用法術(shù)呼喚出來的魔鬼了。幾十年來的工業(yè)和商業(yè)的歷史，只不過是現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)力反抗現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)關(guān)系、反抗作為資產(chǎn)階級(jí)及其統(tǒng)治的存在條件的所有制關(guān)系的歷史。只要指出在周期性的重復(fù)中越來越危及整個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)生存的商業(yè)危機(jī)就夠了。在商業(yè)危機(jī)期間，總是不僅有很大一部分制成的產(chǎn)品被毀滅掉，而且有很大一部分已經(jīng)造成的生產(chǎn)力被毀滅掉。在危機(jī)期間，發(fā)生一種在過去一切時(shí)代看來都好像是荒唐現(xiàn)象的社會(huì)瘟疫，即生產(chǎn)過剩的瘟疫。社會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己回到了一時(shí)的野蠻狀態(tài)：仿佛是一次饑荒、一場普遍的毀滅性戰(zhàn)爭，使社會(huì)失去了全部生活資料；仿佛是工業(yè)和商業(yè)全被毀滅了，——這是什么緣故呢？因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)上文明過度，生活資料太多，工業(yè)和商業(yè)太發(fā)達(dá)。社會(huì)所擁有的生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)不能再促進(jìn)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)文明和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)所有制關(guān)系的發(fā)展；相反，生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)強(qiáng)大到這種關(guān)系所不能適應(yīng)的地步，它已經(jīng)受到這種關(guān)系的阻礙；而它一著手克服這種障礙，就使整個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)陷入混亂，就使資產(chǎn)階級(jí)所有制的存在受到威脅。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的關(guān)系已經(jīng)太狹窄了，再容納不了它本身所造成的財(cái)富了?！Y產(chǎn)階級(jí)用什么辦法來克服這種危機(jī)呢？一方面不得不消滅大量生產(chǎn)力，另一方面奪取新的市場，更加徹底地利用舊的市場。這究竟是怎樣的一種辦法呢？這不過是資產(chǎn)階級(jí)準(zhǔn)備更全面更猛烈的危機(jī)的辦法，不過是使防止危機(jī)的手段越來越少的辦法。

10.單選題

IpassedalltheothercoursesthatItookatmyuniversity,butIcouldhaveneverpassedbotany.Thiswasbecauseallbotanystudentshadtospendseveralhoursaweekinalaboratorylookingthroughamicroscopeatplantcells,andIcouldneveronceseeacellthroughamicroscope.Thisusedtoenragemyinstructor.Hewouldwanderaroundthelaboratorypleasedwiththeprogressallthestudentsweremakingindrawingthestructureofflowercells,untilhecametome.Iwouldjustbestandingthere.“Ican’tseeanything”Iwouldsay.Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.“Ittakesawayfromthebeautyofflowersanyway.”Iusedtotellhim.“Wearenotconcernedwithbeautyinthiscourse，”hewouldsay.“WeareconcernedsolelywithwhatImaycallthemechanicsofflowers.”“Well,”I’dsay,“Ican’tseeanything”“Tryitjustonceagain,”he’dsay,andIwouldputmyeyetothemicroscopeandseenothingatall,exceptnowandagainanebulousmilkysubstance—aphenomenonofmaladjustment.Youweresupposedtoseeavivid,restlessclockworkofsharplydefinedplantcells.“Iseewhatlookslikealotofmilk，”Iwouldtellhim.This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk.

Ifinallytookadeferredpass,astheycalledit,andwaitedayearandtriedagain.(Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.)Theprofessorhadcomebackfromvacationbrownasaberry,bright-eyedandeagertoexplaincell-structureagaintohisclasses.“Well,”Hesaidtome,cheerily,whenwemetinthefirstlaboratoryhourofthesemester,“We’regoingtoseecellsthistime,aren’twe?”“Yes,sir，’’Isaid.Studentstotherightofmeandtotheleftofmeandinfrontofmewereseeingcells;what’smore,theywerequietlydrawingpicturesofthemintheirnotebooks,Ofcourse,Ididn’tseeanything.

“We’lltryit,theprofessorsaidtomegrimly,“witheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.AsGodismywitness.I’llarrangethisglasssothatyouseecellsthroughitorI’llgiveupteaching.Intwenty-twoyearsofbotany,I···”Hecutoffabruptlyforhewasbeginningtoquiverallover,likeLionelBarrymore,andhegenuinelywishedtoholdontohistemper;hissceneswithmehadtakenagreatdealoutofhim.

So,wetrieditwitheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.Withonlyoneof

themdidIseeanythingbutblacknessorthefamiliarlactealopacity,andthattimeIsay,tomypleasureandamazement,avariegatedconstellationofflecks,specks,anddots.TheseIhastilydrew.Theinstructor,notingmyactivity,camebackfromanadjoiningdesk,asmileonhislipsandhiseyebrowshighinhope.Helookedatmycelldrawing,“what’sthat?”hedemanded,withahintofasquealinhisvoice,“that’swhatIsaw,”Isaid.“Youdidn’t,youdidn’t，youdidn’t!”hescreamed,losingcontrolofhistemperinstantly;andhebentoverandsquintedintothemicroscope.Hisheadsnappedup.“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whywashetakingthebotanycourse?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprofessor’sattitudetowardtheauthorwas

（

）.

3.Whydidtheauthorhavedifficultywiththemicroscope?

4.Thetoneofthispassagecouldbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasapremedicalstudent.

B.Hewantedtoseethestructureofcells.

C.Heneededittograduate.

D.Itwasrequiredofsciencemajors.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.encouraging

B.disbelieving

C.instructive

D.Alloftheabove

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theprofessoradjustedittohisowneyesratherthantotheauthor’seyes.

B.Becauseofafaultyinstrument.

C.Duetotheteacher’spoorinstruction.

D.Hedidn’ttry.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.self-congratulatory

B.irony

C.degrading

D.critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段中“Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.你必須通過一門生物科學(xué)課程否則你不能畢業(yè)?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第一段中“Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.他在開始的時(shí)候有足夠耐心，解釋如何通過顯微鏡看到東西，但他總是在憤怒中結(jié)束，聲稱我也可以通過顯微鏡看到東西，只是假裝我不能看到?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。定位到第一段中“This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk他聲稱，這是由于我沒有調(diào)好顯微鏡，所以他就為我調(diào)試，或者更確切地說，為自己。我再看了一遍，結(jié)果我看到了乳狀物?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段中“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”'那是你的眼睛！’他（導(dǎo)師）大聲說?！澳阋压潭绥R頭，以至于它發(fā)生了反射！你畫了你的眼睛！”可推知B項(xiàng)“諷刺的”正確。A項(xiàng)“自滿的”；C項(xiàng)“可恥的；不名譽(yù)的”；D項(xiàng)“批評(píng)的”。

11.單選題

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora"teach-in"honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfhearted-andanothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon'thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennial,in1909,thatyear,Lincoln'slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasury.Communitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountryeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lectures,andmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorldWarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawfiilnationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacutesenseofthewaythatevenLong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhoweare.

OnestorywillillustratewhatI'mtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,formercapitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederateVeteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto"reassess"thelegacyofLincoln.Theverdict-nosurprise-wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitariantoatellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceofscholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-fellyagecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed-byhisadmirers,remember-as“nonjudgmental.”“Unmoralistic.”“Comfortablewithambiguity”

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueinasubduedceremony:“Buthe’ssosmall’

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalfcentury,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionoftheheroic-approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincoln’sgreatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:principled,kind,

Compassionate,resolute.TodaywewantLincolntobelikeus.

HishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage.We'vehadLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic-depressive,Lincolnthebusinesssage,theconservativeLincolnandtheliberalLincolntheemancipatorandtheracistthestoicphilosopher,theChristian.Theatheist-LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.

What'softenmissing,though,isthetimelessLincoln,theLincolnwhomallgenerations,ourownnolessthanthatof1909,canlayclaimto.Luckyforus,thosememorializesfromacenturyago—andthroughthem.Lincolnhimself-haveleftusahintofwheretofindhim.

TheLincolnMemorialisthemostvisitedofourpresidentialmonuments.HereiswherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:inthewordsheleftus,definingthecountrywe'veinherited.HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus.

1.Theauthorthinksthatthisyear’scelebrationisinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatreallymakesthe1909celebrationsdifferentfromthisyear's?

3.Intheauthor'sopinionthecounter-conference（

）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noLincolnstatuewillbeunveiled.

B.nomemorialcoinswillbeissued.

C.nosimilarappreciationofLincolnwillbeseen.

D.noactivitiescanbecomparedtothosein1909.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Respectforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.

B.Varietyandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.

C.StructuresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.

D.TemporalproximitytoLincoln’spresidency.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.rectifiedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselectedscholars.

B.offeredabrandnewreassessmentperspective.

C.cameupwithsomewhatfavorableconclusions.

D.resultedinsimilardisparagingremarkson