考研考博-英語(yǔ)-公安消防部隊(duì)高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-公安消防部隊(duì)高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Shethoughtitcoulddonoharmto（）herescortabit,atleastonhistasteinwines.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complement

B.flatter

C.flatten

D.decorate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)complement“補(bǔ)足；補(bǔ)充”；B選項(xiàng)flatter“奉承；諂媚；使高興”；C選項(xiàng)flatten“擊敗；摧毀；使平坦”；D選項(xiàng)decorate“裝飾；布置”。句意：她認(rèn)為，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能帶來(lái)害處，至少在奉承其對(duì)葡萄酒的品味上不可能帶來(lái)害處。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Workersinthefinearts（

）thoughtsandfeelingsthroughtheircreativeworks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmit

B.elaborate

C.convey

D.contribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)transmit表示“傳輸”；B項(xiàng)elaborate表示“精心制作，詳細(xì)描述”；C項(xiàng)convey表示“傳達(dá)”；D項(xiàng)contribute表示“貢獻(xiàn)”。根據(jù)句意可知，精細(xì)工藝的工人通過(guò)有創(chuàng)造性的作品來(lái)思想和感情。因此，本題選擇C項(xiàng)最符合句意。

3.單選題

Sometaxonomists,particularlythoseworkinginherbariaandprovidinganidentificationservice,doneedsuch_______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.approach

B.confidence

C.faith

D.expertise

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)approach“方法，方式；接近；接洽”；B選項(xiàng)confidence“信心；信任；秘密”；C選項(xiàng)faith“信仰；信念；信任；忠實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)expertise“專門知識(shí)；專門技術(shù)；專家的意見(jiàn)”。句意：一些分類學(xué)家，特別是那些在標(biāo)本室工作并提供鑒定服務(wù)的分類學(xué)家，確實(shí)需要這樣的專業(yè)知識(shí)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto（

）herumbrella.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.carry

B.fetch

C.bring

D.reach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)carry“拿，運(yùn)送，攜帶”，指一般的搬運(yùn)，多指用人力；B選項(xiàng)fetch“（去）拿來(lái)，（去）請(qǐng)來(lái)”，指說(shuō)話人離開(kāi)說(shuō)話處，去別處把某人或某物帶來(lái)；C選項(xiàng)bring“帶來(lái)，引來(lái)”，從別處拿某物到說(shuō)話人處，由遠(yuǎn)及近；D選項(xiàng)reach“到達(dá)”。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的意思及句意可知選B。句意：當(dāng)她看到了烏云的時(shí)候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨傘。

5.單選題

AllprogramscelebratingtheSpringFestivalintheCCTVhavebeen（relayed）toevenpartoftheworldthroughsatellites.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.received

B.reserved

C.rebroadcast

D.enjoyed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：央視所有慶祝春節(jié)的節(jié)目都通過(guò)衛(wèi)星轉(zhuǎn)播到世界各地。劃線詞的前綴是re-，選項(xiàng)A和B不符合句意，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

6.單選題

Beingoutofwork,Lanecannolonger（）friendstodinnersandmoviesassheusedto.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.urge

B.treat

C.appeal

D.compel

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。urge“催促”；treat“對(duì)待，款待，請(qǐng)客”；appeal“呼吁，懇求，上訴”compel“強(qiáng)迫，迫使”。句意：因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在沒(méi)有工作，Lane不能再像以前那樣請(qǐng)她的朋友們吃晚餐，看電影了。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

（

）foundfour-leafcloverisconsideredaluckysign.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisrarely

B.Rarely

C.Therarely

D.Despiteitsbeingrarely

【答案】C

【解析】考查定冠詞的用法。句意：罕見(jiàn)的四葉草被認(rèn)為是幸運(yùn)的象征。定冠詞the放在單數(shù)名詞前表示某一類事物。

8.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,yowarerequiredtowriteacompositiononthetopicArtandLife.Youshouldwritatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(inChinese)below:

1.藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)生活的形式

2.藝術(shù)作用于生活的方式

3.藝術(shù)創(chuàng)新如何促進(jìn)了社會(huì)進(jìn)步

【答案】略

9.單選題

Thegovernment（

）aheavytaxontobacco,whicharousedoppositionfromthetobaccoindustry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pronounced

B.imposed

C.complied

D.prescribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pronounced“發(fā)音，斷言”；B選項(xiàng)imposed“欺騙，把……強(qiáng)加于”；C選項(xiàng)complied“遵照”；D選項(xiàng)prescribed“開(kāi)（藥）”。句意：政府向煙草（）重稅，這引起了煙草行業(yè)的不滿。這里的詞義是要填征收（稅），所以答案選B，固定搭配imposetax“征稅”。

10.單選題

Theearthrevolvesalittlemorerapidly（）itisclosertothesun.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.or

C.than

D.wherever

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；B選項(xiàng)or“或者”；C選項(xiàng)than“比”；D選項(xiàng)wherever“無(wú)論在哪里”。句意：當(dāng)?shù)厍螂x太陽(yáng)較近時(shí)，它的公轉(zhuǎn)速度稍快一些。故A項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Sheblushed（

）thementionher（

）fiance’sname.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.of,at

B.on,by

C.at,of

D.by,on

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一提到未婚夫的名字她就臉紅。

考查固定搭配。atthementionof提到…時(shí),一提起。

12.單選題

Bribery（）theconfidencethatmustexistbetweenbuyerandseller.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aggravates

B.deteriorates

C.corrodes

D.degenerates

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:aggravates“加重，使惡化；使惱火”；B:deteriorates“惡化，變壞”；C:corrodes“（漸漸）損害；（一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地）損傷”；D:degenerates“使退化；惡化；使變質(zhì)”。句意：賄賂傷害了買賣雙方必須存在的信任。根據(jù)句意及動(dòng)賓搭配可知C最合適。

13.單選題

Aviolentthunderstormwas（）asdarkcloudswerecollectingoverhead.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eminent

B.imminent

C.instantaneous

D.simultaneous

【答案】B

【解析】eminent杰出的；imminent即將來(lái)臨的；instantaneous即時(shí)的；simultaneous同時(shí)的。句意：當(dāng)烏云在頭頂聚集時(shí),一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨即將到來(lái)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.翻譯題

MOOCs(MassiveOpenOnlineCourses)arethelatestadditiontotheacronym-boundlexiconofhighereducation,andquitepossiblythemostsignificantofthemall.Theyrepresentanewgenerationofonlineeducation,freelyaccessibleontheinternetandgearedtowardsverylargestudentnumbers.

ThephenomenonhasbeenlikenedbythepresidentofStanfordUniversityto“adigitaltsunami”,threateningtosweepasideconventionaluniversityeducation.WhetherornottheriseofMOOCswillprovetowarrantsuchhyperbole,thereisnodoubtthatsomethingveryimportantishappeningintheglobalsystem,raisingprofoundquestionsabouttheverynatureandfutureofhighereducation.

【答案】答：

MOOCs（大規(guī)模開(kāi)放在線課堂）是高等教育相關(guān)縮寫詞匯中的新成員，也可能是所有詞匯中最具影響力的一個(gè)。大規(guī)模開(kāi)放在線課堂代表網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育的新一代，可以通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)免費(fèi)獲取，面向的學(xué)生數(shù)量非常龐大。

這一現(xiàn)象被斯坦福大學(xué)的校長(zhǎng)比作“一場(chǎng)數(shù)字海嘯”，威脅著傳統(tǒng)的大學(xué)教育。不論大規(guī)模開(kāi)放在線課堂的崛起是否真的會(huì)達(dá)到如此夸張的階段，有一點(diǎn)可以肯定的是全球體系內(nèi)正在發(fā)生一些重要的事情，并引發(fā)了對(duì)高等教育本質(zhì)和將來(lái)的一些疑問(wèn)。

15.單選題

Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker（）hisworkontime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accomplishes

B.canaccomplish

C.hasaccomplished

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。本句句首的It作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從

句，即：thatanefficientworker…ontime。that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句采用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其完整的形式為Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker（should）accomplishhisworkontime.本句省略了主句從句中的should。虛擬語(yǔ)氣與不定式同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，在Itisnecessary+that...的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中的should可省略。在不定式作形容詞的主語(yǔ)的句式中，用Itisnecessary+不定式。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

______naturemeansalllivingplantsandanimals.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Scientific

B.Animate

C.Good

D.Large

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Scientific“科學(xué)的”；B選項(xiàng)Animate“有生命的”；C選項(xiàng)Good“良好的”；D選項(xiàng)Large“大量的；廣泛的”。句意：______的物種是指所有有生命的動(dòng)植物。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，B選項(xiàng)Animate“有生命的”比較符合語(yǔ)境，這里是在解釋有生命的物種是什么，符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Everyonehasalegal（

）toprovidethetaxofficewithdetailsoftheirearnings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.refinement

B.constriction

C.obligation

D.impulsion

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)refinement“改進(jìn)，改善”；B選項(xiàng)constriction“收縮，壓縮”；C選項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù)，職責(zé)”；D選項(xiàng)impulsion“沖動(dòng)”。

句意：每個(gè)人都有法律義務(wù)向稅務(wù)局提供他們收入的詳細(xì)情況。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.單選題

MuchofCanada’sforestryproductiongoestowardsmakingpulpandpaper.AccordingtoCanadianPulpandPaperAssociation,Canadasupplies34%oftheworld’swoodpulpand49%ofitsnewsprintpaper.Ifthesepaperproductscouldbeproducedinsomeotherway,Canadianforestscouldbepreserved.Recently,apossiblealternativewayofproducingpaperhasbeensuggestedbyagriculturalistsandenvironmentalists:aplantcalledhemp.

Hemphasbeencultivatedbymanyculturesforthousandsofyears.Itproducesfiberwhichcanbemadeintopaper,fuel,oils,textiles,food,andrope.Forcenturies,itwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountriesbecauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships;colonialexpansionandtheestablishmentofaworld-widetradingnetworkwouldnothavebeenfeasiblewithouthemp.Nowadays,ships’cablesareusuallymadefromwireorsyntheticfibers,butscientistsarenowsuggestingthatthecultivationofhempholdberevivedfortheproductionofpaperandpulp.Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees,andmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthelarge-scalecultivationofhempcouldreducethepressureonCanada’sforests.

However,thereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountriesoftheworld.Thisplant,sousefulforfiber,rope,oil,fuelandtextiles,isaspeciesofcannabis,relatedtotheplantfromwhichmarijuanaisproduced.Inthelate1930s,amovementtobanthedrugmarijuanabegantogatherforce,resultingintheeventualbanningofthecultivationnotonlyoftheplantusedtoproducethedrug,butalsoofthecommercialfiber-producinghempplant.Infact,marijuanacannotbeproducedfromthehempplant,sinceitcontainsalmostnoTHC(theactiveingredientinthedrug).

Inrecentyears,amovementforlegalizationhavebeengatheringstrength.Itisconcernedonlywiththehempplantusedtoproducefiber;thisgroupwantstomakeitlegaltocultivatetheplantandsellthefiberfoepaperandpulpproduction.

1.WhyispulpandpaperproductionimportanttoCanada?

2.Whywastheplanthempessentialtoworld-widetradeinthepast?

3.Whydoagriculturaliststhinkthathempwouldbebetterforpaperproductionthantrees?

4.Whywashempbanned?

5.“Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees.”Whatdoes“proponents”mean?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Canadaneedstofindawaytouseallitssparewood.

B.Canadapublishesalotofnewspapersandbooks.

C.PulpandpaperexportisamajorsourceofincomeforCanada.

D.HempisatraditionalplantofCanada.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ship’sropesweremadefromit.

B.Hempwasaveryprofitableexport.

C.Hempwasusedasfuelforships.

D.Hempwasusedasfoodforsailors.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itischeapertogrowhempthantocutdowntrees.

B.Morepapercanbeproducedfromthesameareaofland.

C.Hempproduceshigherqualitypaper.

D.Itcauseslesspollutionoftheenvironment.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisrelatedtothemarijuanaplant.

B.Itcanbeusedtoproducemarijuana.

C.Itwasnolongerausefulcrop.

D.Itwasdestructivetotheland.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewhoareagainstsomething.

B.Peoplewhosupportsomething.

C.Peopleinchargeofsomething.

D.Peoplewhodoresearchonsomething.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句AccordingtoCanadianPulpandPaperAssociation,Canadasupplies34%oftheworld’swoodpulpand49%ofitsnewsprintpaper.（根據(jù)加拿大紙漿和紙制品協(xié)會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)，加拿大提供全世界34%的木漿和49%的新聞紙。），說(shuō)明加拿大的紙漿和紙制品出口量大，是加拿大重要的收入來(lái)源。因此C選項(xiàng)“紙漿和紙張的出口是加拿大的一個(gè)主要收入來(lái)源”正確。A選項(xiàng)“加拿大需要找到一種方法來(lái)使用其所有的閑置木材”，由原文可知，人們是希望保護(hù)森林資源，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“加拿大出版了大量的報(bào)紙和書(shū)籍”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“大麻是加拿大的一種傳統(tǒng)植物”表述與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Forcenturies,itwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountriesbecauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships（幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，它對(duì)許多國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)樗挥糜谥圃旆系睦K索和纜繩），說(shuō)明它對(duì)許多國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)說(shuō)舉足輕重是因?yàn)樗梢杂脕?lái)制造纜繩。因此A選項(xiàng)“船用繩索是由它制成的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“大麻是利潤(rùn)豐厚的出口產(chǎn)品”，C選項(xiàng)“大麻被用作船只的燃料”，D選項(xiàng)“大麻被用作水手的食物”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees,andmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthelarge-scalecultivationofhempcouldreducethepressureonCanada’sforests.（根據(jù)其支持者的說(shuō)法，使用大麻而不是樹(shù)木可以在土地上生產(chǎn)四倍多的紙，許多環(huán)保人士認(rèn)為，大麻的大規(guī)模種植可以減輕加拿大森林的壓力。），說(shuō)明大麻造紙的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于產(chǎn)紙量大，從而減少樹(shù)木的砍伐量，保護(hù)環(huán)境。因此B選項(xiàng)“同樣面積的土地可以生產(chǎn)更多的紙”正確。A選項(xiàng)“種植大麻比砍伐樹(shù)木要便宜”，C選項(xiàng)“大麻生產(chǎn)的紙張質(zhì)量更高”，D選項(xiàng)“它對(duì)環(huán)境造成的污染較少”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句However,thereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountriesoftheworld…relatedtotheplantfromwhichmarijuanaisproduced.（然而，有一個(gè)問(wèn)題：大麻對(duì)于世界上的許多國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)是非法的……與生產(chǎn)大麻毒品的植物有關(guān)。），說(shuō)明大麻被禁是因?yàn)樗蜕a(chǎn)大麻毒品的植物有關(guān)。因此A選項(xiàng)“與生產(chǎn)大麻毒品的植物有關(guān)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“可以用來(lái)生產(chǎn)大麻”，由原文可知，大麻不能從大麻植物中提取，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“不再是一種有用的作物”，由原文可知，大麻有很多作用，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)土地有破壞性”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees（根據(jù)其支持者的說(shuō)法，使用大麻而不是樹(shù)木可以在土地上生產(chǎn)四倍多的紙），前一句說(shuō)到環(huán)境學(xué)家們提議用大麻代替樹(shù)木造紙，介紹了大麻造紙有什么好處，可以推斷出“proponents”在文中是指“支持這一建議的人”。因此B選項(xiàng)“支持某事的人”正確。A選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)某事的人”，C選項(xiàng)“負(fù)責(zé)某事的人”，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)某事做研究的人”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

19.單選題

Whatareliefitwaswhentheboulderssuddenlydisappeared,____toastretchofplainwheretheonlyobstacleswereclumpsofbushes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.givingway

B.givingin

C.gaveway

D.gavein

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.givingway讓路（現(xiàn)在分詞）B.givingin屈服（現(xiàn)在分詞）

C.gaveway讓路（過(guò)去分詞）D.gavein屈服（過(guò)去分詞）

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】前文內(nèi)容為“大石頭突然不見(jiàn)了”，后文內(nèi)容為“一片平地”，根據(jù)前后語(yǔ)義可知，大石頭沒(méi)有了，緊接著的是一片平地，大石頭給平地讓路更符合語(yǔ)義銜接，空格處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，大石頭給平地讓路，類似于主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。A選項(xiàng)givingway“讓路（現(xiàn)在分詞）”符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)givingin“屈服（現(xiàn)在分詞）”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)gaveway“讓路（過(guò)去分詞）”，過(guò)去分詞形式，表被動(dòng)，原句中不存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系；

D選項(xiàng)gavein“屈服（過(guò)去分詞）”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】突然大石頭不見(jiàn)了，前面是一片平地，唯一的障礙只有叢生的灌木，這使我們松了一口氣。

20.單選題

InthecaseofFinney,whereanattendantatamentalhospitalcausedthedeathofapatientbyreleasingaflowoftrailingwaterintoabath,thetestwaswhetherhewasgrossly（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.negligent

C.neglected

D.negligible

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析。在斐納的案件中，一家精神病醫(yī)院的一名病人在洗澡時(shí)被淹死了?，F(xiàn)在問(wèn)題是要查明，該醫(yī)院的護(hù)理是不是存在失職之嫌。

Negative［數(shù)］負(fù)的；消極的；否定的;陰性的。negligent疏忽的；粗心大意的。neglected被忽視的；未被好好照管的。negligible微不足道的，可以忽略的。

21.單選題

Anenergytaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimportsandcutthebudget（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposition

B.defect

C.discrepancy

D.deficit

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disposition“處置，性情”；B選項(xiàng)defect“缺點(diǎn)，劣勢(shì)”；C選項(xiàng)discrepancy“不符，矛盾”；D選項(xiàng)deficit“赤字”。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞“cut削減，砍掉”和“budget預(yù)算”，可知空格部分單詞意思為“赤字，不足額”，句意為：能源稅能抑制普通的空氣污染，限制石油進(jìn)口和削減預(yù)算赤字。故正確答案選D。

22.單選題

Studiesshowthatmostadoptedchildrenwanttoknowwhotheir（

）parentsare.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.natural

B.first

C.primitive

D.origin

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。naturalparents“親生父母”。句意：研究表明，大多數(shù)被收養(yǎng)的孩子都想知道自己的親生父母是誰(shuí)。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.單選題

Itishardformetosurviveinthepoliticalsnake（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hutch

B.hole

C.hive

D.pit

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)hutch“籠；小屋；貯藏箱；礦車”；B選項(xiàng)hole“洞，孔；洞穴，穴；突破口”；C選項(xiàng)hive“蜂巢，蜂箱；蜂群；（喻）充滿繁忙人群的場(chǎng)所”；D選項(xiàng)pit“礦井；深坑；陷阱；凹陷；正廳后排；正廳后排的觀眾”。snakepit“蛇坑”，用來(lái)形容恐怖的地方，混亂的局面。句意：對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，在混亂的政治局面里求生存很艱難。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Whichissafer-stayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.Fortunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸銨),whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactionofexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadthesecaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause（）.

3.Accordingtopassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanagementhappenedat（）.

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof（）.

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexpertswemayconcludethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.

D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareveryrare

B.theyoftencauselossoflife

C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities

D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Texascity

B.Flixborough

C.Seveso

D.MexicoCity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.naturalgas,whichcaneasilycatchfire

B.fertilizer,whichcan’tbestoredinagreatquantity

C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan’tbeusedinovercrowdedareas

D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry

B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry

C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasurehadbeentaken

D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“chemicalindustry”可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!（然而，坐飛機(jī)和在化工行業(yè)工作相比怎么樣呢？不幸的是，前者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是后者的65倍?。f(shuō)明在化工行業(yè)工作比坐飛機(jī)更安全。因此D選項(xiàng)“在化工行業(yè)工作比坐飛機(jī)更安全。”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在辦公室工作比待在家里更安全”，B選項(xiàng)“乘公共交通工具去上班比在辦公室工作更安全”，由原文可知待在家里、乘坐公共交通工具上班和在辦公室工作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是相同的，沒(méi)有誰(shuí)比誰(shuí)更安全，所以A，B錯(cuò)誤。由第一段最后一句theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome（化工行業(yè)工人的事故率比幾乎任何人類活動(dòng)都要低，幾乎和待在家里一樣安全），說(shuō)明化工行業(yè)和待在家里一樣安全，所以C選項(xiàng)“待在家里比在化工行業(yè)工作更安全”錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“reportedasnews”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.（化工行業(yè)的問(wèn)題是，一旦出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致附近居民死亡。這也使得化學(xué)事故具有新聞價(jià)值。），說(shuō)明新聞報(bào)道化學(xué)事故是因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)導(dǎo)致人員死亡。因此B選項(xiàng)“它們經(jīng)常造成生命損失”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們非常罕見(jiàn)”，C選項(xiàng)“它們總是發(fā)生在大城市”，D選項(xiàng)“它們引起了所有讀者的興趣”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“faultofmanagement”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火災(zāi)是管理層的失誤造成的，因?yàn)樗麄兠爸L(fēng)險(xiǎn)在重要維修期間繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。），說(shuō)明由管理失誤造成的化學(xué)事故發(fā)生在弗利克斯伯勒。因此B選項(xiàng)“弗利克斯伯勒”正確。A選項(xiàng)“得克薩斯城”，C選項(xiàng)“塞維索”和D選項(xiàng)“墨西哥城”的事故不是因?yàn)楣芾硎д`，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“ammoniumnitrate”可以定位到文章第四段第二句ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate,whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.（因此，得克薩斯城的爆炸是由數(shù)噸硝酸銨引起的，大量?jī)?chǔ)存硝酸銨是不安全的。），說(shuō)明硝酸銨不能大量?jī)?chǔ)存，另外文章第三段第四句TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.（得克薩斯城的肥料爆炸造成552人死亡。）說(shuō)明造成得克薩斯城爆炸事故的硝酸銨是一種肥料。因此B選項(xiàng)“不能大量?jī)?chǔ)存的化學(xué)肥料”正確。A選項(xiàng)“天然氣，很容易著火”是墨西哥城火災(zāi)事故的原因，C選項(xiàng)“有毒物質(zhì)，不能在人滿為患地區(qū)使用”，由文章可知塞維索的事故是毒氣造成的，D選項(xiàng)“燃料，它被儲(chǔ)存在大的油箱里”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“repair”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火災(zāi)是管理層的失誤造成的，因?yàn)樗麄兠爸L(fēng)險(xiǎn)在重要維修期間繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。），說(shuō)明維修設(shè)備很重要，不能冒著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在維修設(shè)備時(shí)繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)“為了避免事故，我們不應(yīng)該維修化工設(shè)施”錯(cuò)誤。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ocalauthorities”可以定位到文章第四段第四、五句TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.（塞維索事故表明，如果地方當(dāng)局對(duì)其家門口的危險(xiǎn)缺乏了解，將會(huì)發(fā)生什么。當(dāng)毒氣飄過(guò)城鎮(zhèn)上空時(shí)，當(dāng)?shù)仡I(lǐng)導(dǎo)無(wú)法采取有效行動(dòng)。），說(shuō)明地方當(dāng)局需要了解當(dāng)?shù)鼗どa(chǎn)的情況。因此B選項(xiàng)“地方當(dāng)局不應(yīng)關(guān)心化學(xué)工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)”錯(cuò)誤。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“tanks”可以定位到第四段倒數(shù)第三句Thefiresetoffachainreactionofexplodingstoragetanks.（大火引起儲(chǔ)存罐爆炸的連鎖反應(yīng)。），說(shuō)明儲(chǔ)存罐里的天然氣也會(huì)發(fā)生氣體爆炸的事故。因此D選項(xiàng)“儲(chǔ)存在大型儲(chǔ)罐中的天然氣總是安全的”錯(cuò)誤。第四段列舉了各種原因引發(fā)的事故，同時(shí)也相對(duì)應(yīng)采取的措施，因此C選項(xiàng)“如果采取有效措施，所有這些事故都是可以避免或控制的”正確。

25.案例題

Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,evenonemadeaslittleastenyearsago.youcannothelpbeingstruckbytheappearanceofthewomentakingpart.Theirhair-stylesandmake-uplookdated:theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort;theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyludicrous.Thementakingpartinthefilm,ontheotherhand,areclearlyrecognizable.Thereisnothingabouttheirappearancetosuggestthattheybelongtoanentirelydifferentage.

Thisillusioniscreatedbychangingfashions.（1）.

Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.Eachyearafewso-calledtopdesignersinParisorLondonlaydownthelawandwomenoverthewholeworldrushtoobey.Thedecreesofthedesignersareunpredictableanddictatorial.Thisyear,theydecideintheirarbitraryfashion,skirtswillbeshortandwaistswillbehigh;zipsareinandbuttonsareout.Nextyearthelawisreversedandfarfromtakingexception,nooneisevenmildlysurprised.

Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryeartheyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.（2）.Clothes,whichhavebeenworn,onlyafewtimeshavetobediscardedbecauseofthedictatesoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomeniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.

（3）.Manywomensquandervastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Women,whocannotaffordtodiscardclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.Hem-limesaretakenuporletdown;waist-linesaretakeninorletout;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.

（4）.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,providingtheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn'tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshiveringinaflimsydressonawintryday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowindaintyshoes.

（5）.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen'sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofficklenessandinstability?Menaretoosensibletoletthemselvesbebulliedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability?Thatisforyoutodecide.

A.Changingfashionsarenothingmorethanthedeliberatecreationofwaste.

B.Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.

C.Thedifferencebetweenmenandwomeninthemaileroffashionisfascinating.

D.Overtheyear,thegreatmajorityofmenhavesuccessfullyresistedallattemptstomakethemchangetheirstyleofdress.

E.Becausetheyshudderatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyareannuallyblack-mailedbythedesignersandthebigstores.

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1?5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistatoetofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

【答案】（1）D

（2）E

（3）A

（4）B

（5）C

【解析】1.上文提到，電影中的女士會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得外表和現(xiàn)在相比差別很大，而男士卻沒(méi)什么變化。這種錯(cuò)覺(jué)是由不斷變化的時(shí)尚造成的。填空處的下文提到女性對(duì)時(shí)尚改變的態(tài)度和反應(yīng)，由此可推斷，填空處應(yīng)該是指男士對(duì)時(shí)尚改變的態(tài)度，兩者形成對(duì)比。選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.上一句提到：如果婦女年復(fù)一年受到無(wú)情的剝削,那只能怪她們自己。選項(xiàng)E道出了受到無(wú)情剝削的原因，符合原文邏輯。

3.本段主要講述女性浪費(fèi)金錢購(gòu)買衣服或花費(fèi)時(shí)間修改衣服。選項(xiàng)A概括了本段內(nèi)容。

4.本段主要講設(shè)計(jì)師們只關(guān)注服裝的外在形式，而并不關(guān)注實(shí)用的東西。選項(xiàng)B符合本段大意。

5.根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容：人們不禁要問(wèn)，不斷變化的女裝時(shí)尚是否反映了基本原則易變和不穩(wěn)定的特性?接下來(lái)提到男士對(duì)待時(shí)尚的態(tài)度。作者對(duì)男女對(duì)待時(shí)尚的不同態(tài)度提出了質(zhì)疑。選項(xiàng)C符合原文邏輯。

26.單選題

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallengedbutdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentonthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyonthebasisofteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetimeneededtokeepupwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“l(fā)ost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearchbuttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreat.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause（

）.

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhofirstandforemostdo（

）.

5.Thephrase"theproblem”(Line3,Para.5)refersto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictory.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.professorswithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

D.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

C.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernsciencemakesitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.scientificresearch

B.teaching

C.fieldwork

D.investigation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.raisingthestatusofteaching

B.theseparationofteachingfromresearch

C.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

D.improvingthestatusofresearch

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀第一段“Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.最近在報(bào)紙和雜志上的報(bào)道表明，教學(xué)和研究是相互矛盾的，研究在學(xué)術(shù)推廣中扮演的角色過(guò)于突出，而對(duì)教學(xué)的重視嚴(yán)重不足。這些說(shuō)法有一定的真實(shí)性，但它們也忽略了更深層次更重要的關(guān)系。”可知作者認(rèn)為教學(xué)與研究的更深層次的關(guān)系被忽略了。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognit