考研考博-英語-北京經(jīng)濟(jì)管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京經(jīng)濟(jì)管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.問答題

Directions:Afteryouhavereadthefollowingpassage,writeoutasummaryinEnglishwhitabout70to90words.PutyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

WhatisSociety?Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,asacollectivebody,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Oneofthebestdirectanalogiesiswiththehumanbodyitself.Thecellsareallalive,independently,yettheygrouptogetherandestablishroles,responsibilities,andrelationshipsthatallowagreaterwholetoexistthatismorethanjustthesumoftheparts.Thecellsgainfromthespecificrolestheyplaybecausetheyareallowedtobewhattheyaremoreeffectively.Further,theyaregivenalimitedawarenessofthewholethattheireffortsaidincreating.

Similarly,whenindividualhumanbeingsgrouptogethertoformsocieties,anorganizationiscreatedinwhichthemembersarethecells.Subgroupsofthemembersmayformorgansthroughwhichhigherlevelfunctionscanthenmanifest.Iftherelationshipsareloose,thebodycreatedhaslimitedfunctionalityoverthatofanyindividualmemberbecausethereislittlesynergy.Whentherelationshipsarecloseandfoundedonabasisoflove,thebodythuscreatedhassignificantfunctionalityoverthatoftheindividuals.Whenthegroupissmall,feworganscanbecreatedsothereislimitedcomplexityorfunctionality.Whenthegroupislarge,manyorganscanbecreated,resultinginhighlyincreasedcomplexityandfunctionality.Countries,regions,statescities,andneighborhoodscouldallbeconsideredtobesocietiesascouldteams,groups,andanyotherorganizationsofpeople.Forourpurposeshere,themostimportantsocietyisTheUnitedStatesofAmericasinceitistheoneestablishedtosetuptheNewOrderfortheAges,novusordoseclorum.

Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludesalltheeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

【答案】參考范文：Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludestheentireeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

2.單選題

Broadlyspeaking,I（1）theexperienceofwould-bepublicintellectualsintotwoforms.Intheperiodofthe1960sand1970s,thoseworkingforsocialjustice（2）intellectualworkagainstthebackgroundofa‘worldunderconstruction’-thoughtandactionremainedalliedandthelinktopolicyremained（3）forintellectualstomovebeyondmerewordgames.

Inthel980sandearly1990s,thoseintellectualsworkingforsocialjusticeineducationfaceda‘worldunderdeconstruction’-manyof（4）projectsweredismantledorcameundersustainedattack.Inthislaterperiod,detachedfromactionanddivorcedfrompolicy,thepublicintellectualwasforcedintoanincreasinglyabstractpositionofarguingthroughwordsforpoliciesandactivitiesthat（5）discoursesofdisavowal,displacementandderision.Thisisharshterraintooccupyandyettherearemanyexamplesofpeoplewhocontinuedto（6）socialjusticesinrace,genderandclassterms.

IamremindedofafilmIwatchedontheAmericanCivilWar.AstheSouthwasprogressivelydefeated,（7）landwasoccupied-justafewtownsandstripsofland.Intheend,thecommentatorsaidallthatwasleftwasa‘confederacyofthemind’-acollectivememoryofanaspiration.

（8）,thathasbeenthefateofmovementsforsocialjusticeandofassociatedintellectualwork（9）thepasttwodecades.Butweshouldnotunderestimatethe‘confederacyofthemind’.Forone（10）Iwillmakewithgreatforceisthatthelargestproblemtheattemptedreconstructionofthepasttwodecades（11）-theattempttodemolishthewelfarestate-ispeople’scollectivememoryofgoodpublicservices,ofcommitmentstoprovisionforall,（12）itbeschoolsorhospitals.Thevitaltasknowisto（13）,reenergizeandreinventnewprojectsandprogramsforsocialjustice,formemoriesandpredispositioninBritainremain（14）resilient.Weshouldnowbe（15）defineanewrolefortheeducationalresearcherin（16）Britain,anddosoinwaysinformedbycollectivememoriesofsocialjusticeinitiatives.Thisshould,hopefully,presageanewinvestigationoftheroleofeducationalresearcheraspublicintellectual,movingus（17）anewphaseafterthehopefulyearsofthe1960sandearly1970sandthereversalinthetwodecadesthatfollowed.Nowwecanhopeagaintherearepostmodernprospects（18）IshouldnotethatIamnot（19）re-establishingsomeoldmasternarrativeofsocialjustice-more（20）voicesandvisions,amovingmosaicofintentionsandplans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haddivided

B.divided

C.hadbeendividing

D.havebeendividing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.undertook

B.undertake

C.accepted

D.accept

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.farenough

B.enoughfar

C.closeenough

D.enoughclose

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedearly

B.themostdearly

C.dearly

D.themoredearly

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.weresubjectto

B.weresubjectedto

C.aresubjectto

D.aresubjectedto

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.argueagainst

B.arguefor

C.arguewith

D.argueto

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.moreandmore

B.more

C.less

D.lessandless

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.Insomeway

B.Insomeways

C.Inaway

D.[nways

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.for

C.in

D.by

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.assertion

B.announcement

C.allege

D.assessment

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.willface

B.face

C.faced

D.hasfaced

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.rather

B.whether

C.either

D.even

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.reentrant

B.reinvigorate

C.reinforce

D.reeducated

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.remarkably

B.remarking

C.remarked

D.remarkable

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.lookinginto

B.lookingonto

C.lookingto

D.lookingforwardto

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.millenarian

B.millennium

C.millennial

D.millenary

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.forwardto

B.awayto

C.into

D.onto

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.forexploring

B.toexplore

C.withexploration

D.forexploration

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.talkingwith

B.talkingabout

C.talkingover

D.talkingto

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.alotof

B.abitof

C.anumberof

D.asetof

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:C

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】（1）語法題。根據(jù)文章第二句“Intheperiodofthe1960sand1970s”可知，句子的時態(tài)為過去時態(tài)，是對過去事情的回憶。又根據(jù)broadlyspeaking“一般說來”，可知，空格中的動作是從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且會一直持續(xù)下去。所以選用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（2）動詞詞義辨析和語法。undertake“從事，承擔(dān)”；accept“接受”，根據(jù)文意：那些為社會正義而工作的人承擔(dān)著智力工作。所以選用動詞undertake，又根據(jù)整個文段的時態(tài)，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）固定搭配和語法。enough修飾形容詞需要后置，選項(xiàng)B和D可排除。又根據(jù)上文remainedallied“保持同盟關(guān)系”，可知下文應(yīng)該表示與政策相聯(lián)系，使其保持足夠緊密。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（4）語法題。根據(jù)文意manyof表示“在……中許多”，可知空格中應(yīng)該填入最高級，副詞dearly的最高級為themostdearly，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（5）固定搭配和語法。besubjectedto“經(jīng)受……”，besubjectto“從屬于……，有……傾向”。句意：從屬于否認(rèn)、替換和嘲笑的談話。又因?yàn)檎麄€文段為一般過去時態(tài)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（6）固定搭配。argueagainst“反對”；arguefor“支持”；arguewith“和……爭論”；沒有搭配argueto，選項(xiàng)D可排除。根據(jù)句意：在種族、性別、階級方面繼續(xù)支持正義。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（7）推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“AstheSouthwasprogressivelydefeated…”，可知隨著南方逐漸被打敗，越來越少的土地被占領(lǐng)-只有一些城鎮(zhèn)和狹長地帶。lessandless“越來越少”，moreandmore“越來越多”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（8）固定搭配。insomeways“在某些方面，在某種程度上”；inaway“在某些程度上，有點(diǎn)兒”；沒有搭配insomeway和inways，選項(xiàng)A和D可排除。句意：在某種程度上，這就是爭取社會正義運(yùn)功的命運(yùn)。Insomeways起承上啟下的作用，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（9）固定搭配。固定搭配“inthepasttwodecades”意思為“在過去的二十年”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（10）名詞詞義辨析。assertion“斷言，聲明”；announcement“公告”；allege“斷言，宣稱”；assessment“評定，估價”。句意：我們不應(yīng)該低估“思想聯(lián)盟”，我用我最大的力量去聲明的一點(diǎn)是……，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（11）語法題。根據(jù)時態(tài)標(biāo)志詞thepasttwodecades“在過去的二十年”，可知句子的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（12）邏輯關(guān)系。rather“寧可，寧愿”；whether…or“無論……還是……”；either…or“或者……或者（兩者之一）”；even“甚至”。句意：承諾給所有人提供糧食，無論是學(xué)校還是醫(yī)院。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（13）詞匯題。reentrant“可再入的”；reinvigorate“使再振作”；reinforce“加強(qiáng)”；reeducated“接受再教育的”。句意：現(xiàn)在最重要的任務(wù)是重振、再激勵和改造社會正義的新項(xiàng)目和計劃。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（14）語法題。根據(jù)空格后的resilient形容詞，詞意為“有彈力的，能迅速恢復(fù)的”，可知空格中應(yīng)該填入副詞，用來修飾形容詞，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（15）固定搭配。lookinto“調(diào)查，窺視”；lookto“注意，指望”；lookonto“朝……看”；lookforwardto“期望，期待”。句意：我們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該注意為研究教育者定位一個新的角色。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（16）形近詞辨析和語法。millenarian“一千的”；millennium“一千年”；millennial“—千年的”；millenary“千年，一千”。根據(jù)上文提到的新計劃的完成，可知項(xiàng)目和計劃的完成需要上千年，名詞Britain前應(yīng)該用形容詞，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（17）固定搭配。根據(jù)搭配move…into…“將……移入……”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（18）語法題。根據(jù)時間狀語now，可知文章提到的是現(xiàn)在對未來的希望，所以用不定式表將來，在句子中作目的狀語。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（19）固定搭配。talkwith“和……交談”；talkabout“談?wù)撽P(guān)于……”，talkover“談?wù)?，說服”；talkto“和……說話”。句意：我們不是在談?wù)撽P(guān)于重新建構(gòu)一些關(guān)于社會正義的舊事講述。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（20）固定搭配和語法。alotof“許多，大量”；abitof“一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”；anumberof“大量的”；asetof“一組，一套”。根據(jù)文意moreasetofvoicesandvisions“更多的是一些聲音和愿景”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Astheyenteredthevillageshop,theoldladybehindthecounter________atthemkindly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beamed

B.glared

C.grimaced

D.peeped

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。beamatsb.“對某人微笑”；glareatsb.“盯著某人；怒視某人”；grimace“扮鬼臉”；peepat“偷窺”。句意：當(dāng)他們走進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村小店時，柜臺后面的老婦人朝他們友好地微笑。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

IndustrializationcametotheUnitedStateafter1790asNorthAmericanentrepreneursincreasedproductivitybyreorganizingworkandbuildingfactories.Theseinnovationsinmanufacturingboostedoutputandlivingstandardstoanunprecedentedextent;theaveragepercapitawealthincreasedbynearly1percentperyear—30percentoverthecourseofageneration.Goodsthathadoncebeenluxuryitemsbecamepartofeverydaylife.

Theimpressivegaininoutputstemmedprimarilyfromthewayinwhichworkersmadegoods,sincethe1790’s,NorthAmericanentrepreneurs—evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements—hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficientbydistributingmaterialstoasuccessionofworkerswhoeachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess.Forexample,duringthe1820’sand1830’stheshoeindustrygreatlyexpandedthescaleandextendoftheoutworksystem.Tensofthousandsofruralwomen,paidaccordingtotheamounttheyproduced,fabricatedthe“uppers”ofshoes,whichwereboundtothesolesbywage-earningjourneymenshoemakersindozensofMassachusettstown,whereaspreviouslyjourneymenwouldhavemadetheensureshoe.Thissystemofproductionmadetheemployerapowerful“shoeboss”anderodedworkers’controloverthepaceandconditionsoflabor.However,italsodramaticallyincreasedtheoutputofshoeswhilecuttingtheirprice.

Fortasksthatwerenotsuitedtotheoutworksystem,entrepreneurscreatedanevenmoreimportantneworganization,themodernfactory,whichusedpower-drivenmachinesandassembly-linetechniquestoturnoutlargequantitiesofwell-madegoods.Asearlyas1782theprolificDelawareinventorOliverEvanshadbuiltahighlyautomated,laborsavingflourmilldrivenbywaterpower.Hismachineryliftedthegraintothetopofthemill,cleaneditasitfellintocontainersknownashoppers,groundthegrainintoflour,andthenconveyedtheflourbacktothetopofthemilltoallowittocoolasitdescendedintobarrels.Subsequently,manufacturersmadeuseofnewimprovedstationarystreamenginestopowertheirmills.Thisnewtechnologyenabledthemtobuildfactoriesinthenation’slargestcities,takingadvantageofurbanconcentrationsofinexpensivelabor,goodtransportationnetworks,andeagercustomers.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Theauthormentionstheshoeindustryinthesecondparagraphtoprovideanexampleofhow（）.

3.Allofthefollowingarementionedaseffectsofchangesintheshoeindustryduringthe1820’sand1830’sEXCEPT（）.

4.AllofthefollowingaretrueoftheoutworksystemEXCEPT（）

5.Thepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasaresultofimprovementsinfactorymachinery?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThedifficultiesofindustrializationinNorthAmerica

B.Theinfluenceofchangesinmanufacturingonthegrowthofurbancenters

C.TherapidspeedofindustrializationinNorthAmerica

D.Improvedwaysoforganizingthemanufacturingofgoods

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.entrepreneursincreasedoutputbyusinganextendedoutworksystem

B.entrepreneursusedtechnologicalimprovementstoincreaseoutput

C.ruralworkersrespondedto“shoebosses”

D.changesintheoutworksystemimprovedthequalityofshoes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.anincreaseintheworker’sdependenceonentrepreneurs

B.anincreaseinthewagespaidtojourneymenshoemakers

C.adeclineintheworkersabilitytocontrolthespeedofproduction

D.adecreaseinthepriceofshoes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itinvolvedstagesofproduction.

B.Itwasmoreefficientthanthesystemsusedbefore1790.

C.Itmademanyemployerslesspowerfulthantheyhadbeenbefore.

D.Itdidnotnecessarilyinvolveanytechnologicalimprovements.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itbecameeasierforfactoryownerstofindworkersandcustomers.

B.Manufacturershadtoemploymorehighlyskilledworkers.

C.Theamountofpowerrequiredforfactoriesoperatewasreduced.

D.Factoriescouldoperatemorethanoneengineatatime.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第二段中hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficientbydistributingmaterialstoasuccessionofworkerswhoeachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess.（擴(kuò)大了外部工作系統(tǒng)的范圍，通過將材料分發(fā)給連續(xù)的工人，每個工人只執(zhí)行生產(chǎn)過程中的一個步驟，從而提高了生產(chǎn)效率。）介紹了流水線的生產(chǎn)方式，第三段中entrepreneurscreatedanevenmoreimportantneworganization,themodernfactory,whichusedpower-drivenmachinesandassembly-linetechniquestoturnoutlargequantitiesofwell-madegoods.（企業(yè)家們創(chuàng)造了一種更重要的新組織——現(xiàn)代工廠，它使用動力驅(qū)動的機(jī)器和裝配線技術(shù)生產(chǎn)出大量優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。）介紹了動力驅(qū)動的現(xiàn)代化工廠，這些都是改進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)組織方式。所以D選項(xiàng)“改進(jìn)的商品生產(chǎn)組織方式”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“北美工業(yè)化的困難”，文章說的是北美工業(yè)化的不斷進(jìn)步，而不是困難之處，所以A錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“制造業(yè)變化對城市中心增長的影響”和C選項(xiàng)“北美工業(yè)化的快速發(fā)展”，文中均沒有提及，所以B，C錯誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段，第二段開頭說Theimpressivegaininoutputstemmedprimarilyfromthewayinwhichworkersmadegoods…h(huán)adbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficient.（令人印象深刻的產(chǎn)量增長主要源于工人的生產(chǎn)方式……北美企業(yè)家擴(kuò)大了外部工作系統(tǒng)的范圍。），后面又介紹了“shoeindustry”，即第二段提到制鞋業(yè)是作為外部工作系統(tǒng)的例子。所以A選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)家通過使用擴(kuò)展的外部工作系統(tǒng)來增加產(chǎn)量”正確。B選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)家利用技術(shù)改進(jìn)提高產(chǎn)量”，文章第二段第一句evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements（即使沒有技術(shù)進(jìn)步），說明制鞋業(yè)產(chǎn)量的提高不是因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)改進(jìn)，所以B錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)村工人對鞋老板的反應(yīng)”，文中沒有提到工人對鞋老板的態(tài)度，所以C錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“外部工作系統(tǒng)的改變提高了鞋子的質(zhì)量”，文中只說了產(chǎn)量的提高，沒有說到質(zhì)量的方面，所以D錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句Thissystemofproductionmadetheemployerapowerful“shoeboss”.（這種生產(chǎn)體系使雇主成為一個強(qiáng)大的“鞋老板”。），也就是說雇主的權(quán)力加大，工人的工作越來越依賴于雇主，所以A選項(xiàng)“工人對企業(yè)家的依賴增加”符合題意。由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句anderodedworkers’controloverthepaceandconditionsoflabor（剝奪了工人對勞動速度和條件的控制），說明工人對勞動速度的控制減弱，所以C選項(xiàng)“工人控制生產(chǎn)速度的能力下降”符合題意。由D選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段最后一句italsodramaticallyincreasedtheoutputofshoeswhilecuttingtheirprice.（它還大幅提高了鞋子的產(chǎn)量，同時降低了它們的價格。），說明鞋子的價格下降了，所以D選項(xiàng)“鞋價的下降”符合題意。而文章中沒有提到工人工資的問題，所以B選項(xiàng)“付給熟練工的工資提高”不符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段第一句hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystem…eachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess（擴(kuò)大了外部工作系統(tǒng)的范圍……每個工人只執(zhí)行生產(chǎn)過程中的一個步驟），說明外部工作系統(tǒng)涉及到生產(chǎn)的各個階段，所以A選項(xiàng)“涉及到生產(chǎn)的各個階段”正確。由B選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第一段第一句IndustrializationcametotheUnitedStateafter1790asNorthAmericanentrepreneursincreasedproductivitybyreorganizingworkandbuildingfactories.（1790年后工業(yè)化進(jìn)入美國，北美企業(yè)家通過重組工作和建造工廠提高了生產(chǎn)力。），說明1790年后新的外部工作系統(tǒng)使得生產(chǎn)效率比以往提高了，所以B選項(xiàng)“比1790年以前使用的系統(tǒng)效率更高”正確。由D選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段第一句evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements（即使沒有技術(shù)進(jìn)步），說明外部工作系統(tǒng)不一定需要技術(shù)進(jìn)步，所以D選項(xiàng)“并不一定涉及技術(shù)進(jìn)步”正確。由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句Thissystemofproductionmadetheemployerapowerful“shoeboss”.（這種生產(chǎn)體系使雇主成為一個強(qiáng)大的“鞋老板”。），說明這種外部工作系統(tǒng)讓雇主權(quán)力更大了，選項(xiàng)與原文表述的意思相反，所以C選項(xiàng)“使得許多雇主的權(quán)力不如以前”錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Thisnewtechnologyenabledthemtobuildfactoriesinthenation’slargestcities,takingadvantageofurbanconcentrationsofinexpensivelabor,goodtransportationnetworks,andeagercustomers.（這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)使他們在美國最大的城市建立起工廠，并充分利用密集的廉價勞動力、良好的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)和需求急切的顧客。），廉價勞動力說明工廠主能招到更多工人，需求急切的顧客說明有更多的消費(fèi)者，這些都是工廠機(jī)器改進(jìn)的結(jié)果。所以A選項(xiàng)“工廠主更容易找到工人和顧客”正確。B選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)廠家不得不雇用更多的高技能工人”，工廠機(jī)器改進(jìn)可以讓廠家招到更多廉價的工人，并不需要雇用技術(shù)水平高的工人，所以B錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“工廠運(yùn)行所需的用電量減少了”和D選項(xiàng)“工廠可以同時操作一臺以上的發(fā)動機(jī)”，文中均沒有提及，所以C，D錯誤。

5.單選題

Thehopes,goals,fearsanddesires（

）widelybetweenmenandwomen,betweentherichandthepoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alter

B.vary

C.transfer

D.shift

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。alter改變，更改；vary改變，變化；transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)變；shift轉(zhuǎn)移，變換。

句意：希望、目標(biāo)、恐懼和欲望在男人和女人之間、富人和窮人之間大不相同。這幾個詞都有改變的意思，但是只有vary能和后面的between搭配，意為“在...之間變化、有差異”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.單選題

Thepeoplefortheexperimentwerechosencompletely（）random.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.in

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】介詞短語辨析。句意：用來做實(shí)驗(yàn)的人完全是隨機(jī)挑選的。at和random搭配意為“任意地，隨便地”，因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

7.單選題

Thestockmarketdeclinedsharply,andrampantbusinessinvestmentslumped.Thenanensuingspateonscandals_______publictrustinthewaycompanieswererun.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consolidated

B.illuminated

C.weakened

D.celebrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consolidate“鞏固，加強(qiáng)”；B選項(xiàng)illuminate“說明；使?fàn)N爛”；C選項(xiàng)weaken“削弱”；D選項(xiàng)celebrate“慶祝；宣告”。句意：股市大幅下跌，泛濫的商業(yè)投資大幅下滑。接著是一連串的丑聞_______公眾對公司運(yùn)作方式的信任。根據(jù)語境，股市大跌，投資下滑，可知這里表達(dá)負(fù)面的意味，weaken“削弱”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Idon’tsmokenow,butIused（

）whenIwasyoung.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.todo

C.toit

D.todoingit

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我現(xiàn)在不抽煙了，但是我年輕的時候常常抽煙。

固定搭配。usedtodo過去常常;be/getusedtosth./doingsth.習(xí)慣于…。因此B符合句意。

9.單選題

[A]Atitsmostbasic,corporatecultureisdescribedasthepersonalityofanorganization,orsimplyas“howthingsaredonearoundhere”.Itguides[B]whatemployeesthink,act,andfeel.Itisawideterm[C]usedtodefinetheuniquepersonalityorcharacterofaparticularcompanyororganization,[D]andincludessuchelementsascorevaluesandbeliefs,corporateethics,andrulesofbehavior.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Atitsmostbasic

B.what

C.usedtodefine

D.andincludes

【答案】B

【解析】考查關(guān)系詞。B選項(xiàng)后面的句子主語是employees，謂語think，act，feel都是不及物動詞，不能接賓語，因此應(yīng)將what改為how。

10.單選題

MarcHooper,notlongpromotedtoCEOofconfectionerygiantSpartanKetley(SK),isverydifferentfromhispredecessors.Heisacorporatelawyerbytraining,andhisbackgroundhasclearlyshapedhismanagementstyle.Hewastaughtthatnoworkshouldgouncheckedandthatnostatementcangooutwithouteverythingbeingfullydefined.”Thelegalworldteachesyoutothinkinasyntheticway,totakecontrastingideasandthreadthemtogethertoformastrategyHooper,withlittlemarketingexperience,wasnotatthetopofmarketobservers’listsforthejob.Buthereheis,justoverayearintotheroleandseeminglyontopofthings.

EducatedatHarvardUniversity,Hooperstartedhiscareerwithwell-knownNewYorkconsultantsCox&Leight(C&L),andbecameaspecialistinmergersandacquisitions.ItwasatremendoustraininggroundandIcouldhavestayedinmergersandacquisitionsIfoundtheworkinteresting.Butanotheropportunitypresenteditself:SKofferedhimajobasgeneraladvisor.HooperknewSKwellbecauseC&LwasitsmainNewYorkconsultancyfirmandHooperlookedafteritsaccount.

HooperlikedSKandwhentheycamecalling,severalfactorsweighedonhismind.“IadmiredSKandthoughtitwouldbeagreatplacetowork.C&LhadtoldmeIwasonlyfiveyearsthroughaten-yearjourneytobecomeapartner.Also,forthreeyearsinarowmypayatC&Lhadstayedthesame.Finally,Iwasworkingverylonghoursinalarge,impersonalofficeanditseemedlikeanintelligentlifestyledecisiontotakeajobwithadifferentcompany.

HooperbecameestablishedatSK,andsoonfeltreadyforahigherposition,butwastoldthatnoonecouldgetonatSKunlesstheyhadbeeninsalesandmarketing.Ihadtomakeamove,“saysHooper.”Itookarisk;IbecameheadofmarketinginEurope.Infact,thiswasasidewaysmove-notformoremoneybuttoaddtohisknowledgeandtofurtherhiscareer.Thefirstchallengewasthathefoundhimselfinchargeof25brightyoungmarketingpeople.“Ihadtoworkhardtokeepup,”headmits.

Throughout,hehasremainedfocused,hiseyealwaysonthemainprize.HiselevationtoCEO,hesays,isproofofSKSinclusiveness.“Wearealwaysopentopeoplewithfreshideas,asCEOIsupportanyonewhoiswillingtotakeachanceandwhowantstostretchthemselves.Ifyouarekeentodevelopandproveyoucansucceed,thiscompanywillprovidethechallengeyouneed.”Andinlinewiththisphilosophy,Hooperisnotanautocraticleaderhisstyleistoconsult,toseekadvice,thentoact.

1.ThechoiceofMareHooperasSpartanKetley’sCEOwassurprisingbecause______.

2.WhatdoesHoopersayabouthisfirstjob?

3.OneofthereasonsforHooperleavingCoxandLeightwas______.

4.AftersometimeatSpartanKetley,Hooperchangeddepartmentsbecause______.

5.HoopersaysthathispolicyasCEOisto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heknewmoreaboutlawthanmarketing

B.hehadlittleexperienceofstrategicplanning

C.hehadbeenwiththecompanyforashorttime

D.heintendedtotakethecompanyinadifferentdirection

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heregardedthejobasameanstoamoreinterestingcareer

B.Hegainedusefulskillswhilehewaswiththecompany.

C.Hefoundthathiseducationpreparedhimwellforthejob.

D.Heenjoyedworkingforsuchaprestigiouscompany.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hehadnochanceofbecomingapartner

B.hewasnothappywiththeworkingconditions

C.hewantedtomovetoaworkplaceinadifferentarea.

D.hefeltitwasimportanttochangejobseveryfewyears

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hedidnotfindhiscurrentjobfinanciallyrewardingenough

B.hewantedtohaveexperienceofworkinginEurope

C.itwasanopportunitytoworkwithyoungpeople

D.itimprovedhischancesofpromotion

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.developasenseofcompetitionwithinhisworkforce

B.trainpeopletobecomeproficientinawiderangeofskills

C.hirestaffwhoarenotafraidtomakeimportantdecisions

D.encourageemployeestobeinnovativeintheirapproachtowork

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段Thelegalworldteachesyoutothinkinasyntheticway,totakecontrastingideasandthreadthemtogethertoformastrategyHooper,withlittlemarketingexperience,wasnotatthetopofmarketobservers’listsforthejob.（法律世界教會你以一種綜合的方式思考，將不同的觀點(diǎn)結(jié)合在一起，形成一個戰(zhàn)略Hooper，因?yàn)閹缀鯖]有營銷經(jīng)驗(yàn)，所以不是市場觀察人士對該工作的首選。）A選項(xiàng)“他的法律知識比市場營銷知識多”，文章第一段提到，他是一位企業(yè)律師，并且沒有營銷策略，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“他幾乎沒有戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，文章只是說他沒有營銷策略，因此B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“他在公司待了一段時間”，這并不能成為馬瑞?胡珀擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官令人驚訝的原因，可排除C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)“他打算使公司朝著不同的方向發(fā)展”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中第四句ItwasatremendoustraininggroundandIcouldhavestayedinmergersandacquisitionsIfoundtheworkinteresting.（那是一個巨大的訓(xùn)練場地，我本可以繼續(xù)從事并購工作，我發(fā)現(xiàn)那份工作很有趣。）選項(xiàng)A“他把這份工作看作是通向更有趣的事業(yè)一種手段”，符合文章內(nèi)容，他認(rèn)為這份工作很有趣，A選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)B“他在公司期間獲得了有用的技能”，文章并沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“他發(fā)現(xiàn)他所受的教育使他能勝任這項(xiàng)工作”，文章并沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“他很喜歡在如此著名的公司工作”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，都可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第三段第三句C&LhadtoldmeIwasonlyfiveyearsthroughaten-yearjourneytobecomeapartner.（C&L曾告訴我，我要經(jīng)過10年的努力才能成為合伙人。）因此可推測，Hooper所在公司的晉升條件過高。B選項(xiàng)“他對工作條件不滿意”，符合題意，B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“他沒有機(jī)會成為合伙人”，這里說他十年努力能夠成為合伙人，因此A選項(xiàng)排除。C選項(xiàng)“他想搬到一個不同地區(qū)的工作場所”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“他覺得每隔幾年換一份工作很重要”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段第五句Infact,thiswasasidewaysmove-notformoremoneybuttoaddtohisknowledgeandtofurtherhiscareer.（事實(shí)上，這是一種橫向移動—不是為了更多的錢，而是為了增加他的知識和進(jìn)一步發(fā)展他的事業(yè)），由此可推測，他是為了一個好的事業(yè)，才選擇換部門。D選項(xiàng)“這增加了他晉升的機(jī)會”，符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“他覺得目前的工作在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的回報不夠”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“他想有在歐洲工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“這是一個和年輕人一起工作的機(jī)會”，文章只是說他要努力工作才能趕上年輕人，可排除C選項(xiàng)。因此D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第四句asCEOIsupportanyonewhoiswillingtotakeachanceandwhowantstostretchthemselves.（作為首席執(zhí)行官，我支持任何愿意碰碰運(yùn)氣、想拓展自己的人。因此可推測Hooper作為首席執(zhí)行官，會鼓勵員工拓展自己，革新自己。）D選項(xiàng)“鼓勵員工在工作方式上創(chuàng)新”，符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“在員工中培養(yǎng)競爭意識”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“培訓(xùn)人們，使他們精通各種技能”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“雇傭那些敢于做出重要決定的員工”，文章所說“如果你渴望發(fā)展并證明你能成功，本公司將提供你所需要的挑戰(zhàn)”，因此C選項(xiàng)不符合句意，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

11.單選題

然而,研究人員在報告中提醒說,相對于患更嚴(yán)重的疾病的危險來說,這些益處簡直微不足道。

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Researchersinthestudy,however,cautionedthatsuchbenefitsdon'toutweightheriskofmoreseriousailments.

B.However,researchersremindedinthereportthatsuchbenefitsarenothingcomparedwiththeriskofmoreseriousailments.

C.However,researcherscautionedintheirreportthatsuchbenefitsdon'tindolencealotcomparingtotheriskofmoreseriousailments.

【答案】A

【解析】“提醒”在本句中用remind比較口語化，caution更為正式，因?yàn)槭窃趫蟾嬷羞M(jìn)行提醒，因此caution更為恰當(dāng)；后面包含一個比較，用outweigh言簡意賅，最為恰當(dāng)。所以選項(xiàng)A翻譯最精確。

12.單選題

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshadmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundshasbeendevotedtothestudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidencethatthistechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandsuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesinglecrystalsiliconlmbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarcematerialscanhaveeverhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethat100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuses.Besidethefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearmthefinaldeviceRecently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconwhicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costmaterialshavebeenunacceptablysmallMoreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdifficultycanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyonlyshort-rangeorderratherthattheling-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversiononlyImicronsoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50centspersquarefoot.

Althoughmanyscientistsworeawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarytocontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedon