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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京舞蹈學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thepoliticalfutureofthepresidentisnowhangingbya(

).

問題1選項

A.thread

B.cord

C.string

D.rope

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。hangbyathread“千鈞一發(fā)”。句意:總統(tǒng)的政治未來現(xiàn)在正處在千鈞一發(fā)的時刻。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

Manypeoplethinkofdesertsas()regions,butnumerousspeciesofplantsandanimalshaveadaptedtolifethere.

問題1選項

A.remote

B.virgin

C.alien

D.barren

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項remote“遙遠(yuǎn)的;偏僻的;疏遠(yuǎn)的”;B選項virgin“純潔的;未經(jīng)利用的,處于原始狀態(tài)的”;C選項alien“外國的;性質(zhì)不同的;不相容的”;D選項barren“貧瘠的;不生育的;無益的”。句意:盡管很多人認(rèn)為沙漠是不生育的地區(qū),但是許多動植物物種卻已適應(yīng)了那里的生活。由關(guān)鍵詞“deserts沙漠”的對應(yīng)知“不生育的”符合語境,因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

Thecultleadertriedto()peoplebymakingpromiseshecouldn’tpossiblykeepinordertogettheirmoney.

問題1選項

A.render

B.chide

C.preamble

D.exploit

【答案】D

【解析】

【試題解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項render“致使;提出;實施;著色”;B選項chide“責(zé)罵;斥責(zé)”;C選項preamble“作序文(或?qū)а?、開場白等)”;D選項exploit“開發(fā),開拓;剝削;開采”。句意:這個邪教領(lǐng)袖為了得到人們的錢而做出他不可能兌現(xiàn)的承諾,以此來剝削他們。。根據(jù)句意,D選項正確。

4.單選題

Calculationswhichareastronomicallyexacthavebeenmade______withtheuseofcomputers.

問題1選項

A.possible

B.itpossible

C.possibly

D.tobepossible

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查句子成分。句意:計算機(jī)的使用使天文學(xué)上精確的計算成為可能。句子主干是Calculationshavebeenmade______,根據(jù)短語makesth.+adj.還原短語為madecalculations+adj.,確定橫線處填形容詞作calculations的賓補(bǔ),A選項possible符合題意。B選項itpossible中it多余,C選項possibly是副詞,D選項tobepossible是不定式。因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

Bynowhehasreachedthe(

)ofhisambition.

問題1選項

A.superiority

B.resolution

C.summit

D.procedure

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項superiority“優(yōu)越”;B選項resolution“分辨率,決心”;C選項summit“頂點”;D選項procedure“程序,步驟”。句意:到目前為止,他已經(jīng)達(dá)到了他抱負(fù)的頂峰。選項C符合句意。

6.單選題

Foryearsthegirlhadharboredher()againstherstepmother.Today,shefinallygotthecouragetospeakitout.

問題1選項

A.resentment

B.rivalry

C.compulsion

D.concession

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。resentment怨恨,憤恨;rivalry競爭,對抗;compulsion強(qiáng)制,強(qiáng)迫;concession讓步。句意:多年來,這個女孩一直對她的繼母心懷怨恨。今天,她終于鼓起勇氣說了出來。選項A符合句意。

7.單選題

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbymanyvariables,suchaslanguage,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

(42)Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthefactthatonecannotlearncultureonehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thebusinessmodelofPepsi().

3.Tothefirstschoolofthoughtinthebusinessworld,().

4.Theinformationinthispassageismeantforthose().

5.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies().

問題1選項

A.Itisimpossibleforinternationalmanagerstolearnaforeignculture.

B.Factualknowledgeofculturehastobelearnedkeenedthroughexperience.

C.Oneneedsbothfactualandinterpretativeknowledgeofcultureintheinternationalmarketplace.

D.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisthefirststeptodealwiththeculturalchallengeoftheinternationalmarketplace.

問題2選項

A.offersabetterwaytodealwiththecomplicatedculturalchallenges

B.issimilartothatofMcDonald’s

C.doesnotbelieveinglobalization

D.hasovercomeculturaldifferencesinbusiness

問題3選項

A.doingbusinessislikeanorgantransplant

B.differentpoliciesshouldbesetupindifferentcountries

C.businessisbusinesstheworldaround

D.peoplewhobelieveinthesecondschoolofthoughthavemyopia

問題4選項

A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity

B.whohavefriendsorrelativelivingabroad

C.whowanttotravelorstudyabroad

D.whowanttodobusinessinothercountries

問題5選項

A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas

B.followsimplerrulesintheirbusinessoperation

C.allhavethequalityofpatience

D.allhaveconnectionsoverseas

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.為了適應(yīng)這一體系,一個國際經(jīng)理需要事實知識和解釋性知識??芍狢項“在國際市場中,一個人既需要事實知識,也需要解釋性知識。”正確。A項“國際經(jīng)理不可能學(xué)習(xí)外國文化”文中沒有提到;B項“文化中的事實知識需要從經(jīng)驗中獲得”與“Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.在某種程度上,事實知識是可以學(xué)習(xí)的;它的解釋只來自于經(jīng)驗?!辈环籇項文中未提到。故C項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Pepsi定位到第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商業(yè)就是世界的商業(yè),效仿百事和麥當(dāng)勞的模式。由此可知百事和麥當(dāng)勞的商業(yè)模式相似。故B項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商業(yè)就是世界的商業(yè),效仿百事和麥當(dāng)勞的模式??芍狢項正確。

4.意圖題。文章開篇就提到了在國際市場上,國際經(jīng)理應(yīng)該具備的知識。最后一段也提及了成功的國際公司應(yīng)有的品質(zhì)及遵循的原則。所以本文信息主要對與其他國家做生意的人有用。故D項正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由最后一段“Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.國際上成功的公司都有一個重要的品質(zhì):耐心?!惫蔆項正確。

8.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement:thatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievements,suchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat(

).

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey(

).

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton(

).

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause(

).

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey(

).

問題1選項

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

問題3選項

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問題5選項

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段第三句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人們可能沒辦法生存:既不知道何為歡喜和快樂,也不知道何為焦慮和恐懼,他們可能重復(fù)做出傷害性的行為,就像重復(fù)有益的行為一樣?!庇纱丝芍绻藗兩嬖谝粋€沒有情感的世界里,因為對于自身行為的性質(zhì)沒辦法區(qū)別,所以會導(dǎo)致自己很難生存。故正確答案選B。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段第四句“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他們不會學(xué)習(xí):他們不能從經(jīng)驗中受益,因為這個無情感的世界缺乏獎勵和懲罰”,由此可知,沒有情感的世界,對于人們的學(xué)習(xí)活動不存在激勵,沒有獎勵和懲罰的機(jī)制。反之,人們能夠進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)活動主要也是因為獎勵和懲罰機(jī)制的存在。故正確答案選C。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段結(jié)尾“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork…Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀,既然掙100萬美元不會比掙10美元更讓人愉快,工作就會失去動力……正如我們看到的,激勵意味著享受它們的能力?!备鶕?jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞foundation可以對應(yīng)定位到上文“underpinnings基礎(chǔ),支柱”,由此可知社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)是建立在人們享受激勵的能力上的。故正確答案選C。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第二段第一句提到了“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.在這樣一個世界里,人類生存下來的可能性幾乎為零,因為情感是我們生存和適應(yīng)的基本工具。情緒以重要的方式為我們構(gòu)建世界?!比缓缶团e例具體闡述了情緒是如何具體影響我們的生存和適應(yīng)身邊事物的。其中第六句“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement…從我們對事物和事件的情感體驗中,產(chǎn)生一種社會共識”,這也就解釋了本段第一句中所強(qiáng)調(diào)的情感對于生存和發(fā)展的重要性,所以正確答案選B。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段“Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.誠然,我們會考慮物體的長度、形狀、大小或質(zhì)地,但是,比起它對我們所做的,能做的事情,給我們帶來的傷害,驚訝,憤怒或者歡樂,事物的物質(zhì)方面沒有那么重要?!北揪湓捥岬绞挛锏那楦蟹矫姹任镔|(zhì)方面重要的具體表現(xiàn)。結(jié)合上下文,我們使用情感來分類事物,也就是通過情感,我們適應(yīng)周圍的世界。由此推斷,選項D為符合題意的最佳答案。

9.單選題

Neglecthasacceleratedtheprocessofthisbuilding’s(

)?

問題1選項

A.decline

B.egeneration

C.decay

D.wither

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。decline下降,衰退;degeneration退化,惡化;decay衰減,衰敗,腐爛;wither枯萎,凋謝。句意:疏忽大意加速了這座建筑物的衰敗。選項C更符合語境。

10.單選題

Everyoneknowsaboutstraight-Astudent.Theygethighgrades,allright,butonlybybecomingdullanddiligentstudents,theirnosesalwaysstuckinabook.How,then,doweaccountforPaulMelendres?Melendres,nowafreshmanattheUniversityofNewMexico,wasstudent-bodypresidentatValleyHighSchoolinAlbuquerque.Hejoinedthesoccerandbasketballteamofhisschool,exhibitedatthesciencefair,waschosenfortheNationalHonorSocietyandheachievedstraightA’sinallhisclasses.

Howdosuper-achieverslikeMelendresdoit?Brainsaren’ttheonlyanswer.“Topgradesdon’talwaysgotothebrighteststudents,”declaresHerbertWalberg,aprofessorofeducationattheUniversityofIllinoisatChicago,whohasconductedmajorstudiesonsuper-achievingstudents.“Knowinghowtomakethemostofyourinnateabilitiescountsformore.Infinitelymore.”

Hardworkisn’tthewholestory,either.“It’snothowlongyousittherewiththebooksopen,”saidoneofthemany-Astudentsweinterviewed.“It’swhatyoudowhileyou’resitting.”Indeed,someofthesestudentsactuallyputinfewerhoursofhomeworktimethantheirlower-scoringclassmates.

Thekidsatthetopoftheclassgettherebymasteringafewbasictechniquesthatotherscanreadilylearn.

Setpriorities.Topstudentsbrooknointrusionsonstudytime.Oncethebooksareopenorthecomputerisbootedup,phonecallsgounanswered,TVshowsunwatched,snacksignored.Studyisbusiness;businesscomesbeforerecreation.

Studyanywhere-oreverywhere.Across-countryrunnerwhoworkedouteverydayusedthetimetomemorizebiologyterms.Anotherstudentpostedavocabularylistbythemedicinecabinetandlearnedanewwordeverydaywhilebrushinghisteeth.

Getorganized.Inhighschool,McCrayrantrack,playedrugbyandwasinthebandandorchestra.“Iwassobusy,Icouldn’twastetimelookingforapencilormissingpaper.IkepteverythingrightwhereIcouldputmyhandsonit,”hesays.

Amongthestudentsweinterviewed,studytimeswerestrictlyamatterofpersonalpreference.Someworkedlateatnightwhenthehousewasquiet.Othersawokeearly.Stillothersstudiedassoonastheycamehomefromschoolwhentheworkwasfreshintheirminds.Allagreed,however,ontheneedforconsistency.

7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightHerbertWalbergagreewith?

8.Inparagraphthree,theauthorstressestheimportanceof____.

9.“Topstudentsbrooknointrusionsonstudytime.”(Para.5)meansthatthey____.

10.WhattipsmightMcCrayoffertootherstudents?

11.Whatcanwelearnaboutstudytimesfromthelastparagraph?

12.Whatisthetopicofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Asuper-achieverhastodevoteallhissparetimetostudy.

B.HighIQalonemaynotbetheguaranteeoftopgrades.

C.Innateabilitiesdonotmakemuchdifferencetoyourgrades.

D.Thebrighterthestudents,thegreatertheirchancesofsuccess.

問題2選項

A.discipline

B.practice

C.carefulness

D.efficiency

問題3選項

A.considerstudymoreimportantthananythingelse

B.neveraskanyquestionswhilestudying

C.don’tallowotherthingstointerrupttheirstudy

D.don’twantotherpeopletotellthemhowtostudy

問題4選項

A.Studyanywhereatanytime.

B.Learnasmuchasyoucan.

C.Putthingsintheirrightplaces.

D.Joinaschoolorganization.

問題5選項

A.Studytimescanbeadjustedeveryday.

B.Studytimesvaryfrompersontoperson.

C.Therearenobeststudytimesforastudent.

D.Studytimesarecrucialforacademicexcellence.

問題6選項

A.Secretsoftopstudents.

B.Balancingstudyandplay.

C.Hardworkinhighschools.

D.Gradesandeducation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

【解析】7.【選項釋義】

WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightHerbertWalbergagreewith?HerbertWalberg可能會同意下面哪個表述?

A.Asuper-achieverhastodevoteallhissparetimetostudy.A.一個學(xué)霸必須把他所有的業(yè)余時間都用來學(xué)習(xí)。

B.HighIQalonemaynotbetheguaranteeoftopgrades.B.僅僅高智商并不能保證取得好成績。

C.Innateabilitiesdonotmakemuchdifferencetoyourgrades.C.天賦對你的成績影響不大。

D.Thebrighterthestudents,thegreatertheirchancesofsuccess.D.學(xué)生越聰明,他們成功的機(jī)會就越大。

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞HerbertWalberg定位到原文第2段,該段介紹HerbertWalberg的觀點。本段最后一句說到,他認(rèn)為“知道如何充分利用你的天賦更重要,重要得多。”由此可知,HerbertWalberg認(rèn)為對于取得好成績來說,知道如何充分利用天賦(高智商)比天賦本身更重要,只有天賦是不夠的,B選項“僅僅高智商并不能保證取得好成績”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“一個學(xué)霸必須把他所有的業(yè)余時間都用來學(xué)習(xí)”,HerbertWalberg沒有提到該觀點,該選項屬于無中生有;

C選項“天賦對你的成績影響不大”,HerbertWalberg只是認(rèn)為充分利用天賦更重要,但沒有說天賦不重要,該選項屬于偷換概念;

D選項“學(xué)生越聰明,他們成功的機(jī)會就越大”,HerbertWalberg認(rèn)為聰明本身不是最重要的,并且原文第2段第3句HerbertWalberg說“最好的成績(Topgrades)并不總是屬于最聰明的學(xué)生(thebrighteststudents)”,因此,該選項表述錯誤,屬于本末倒置。

8.【選項釋義】

Inparagraphthree,theauthorstressestheimportanceof____.作者在第三段強(qiáng)調(diào)了____的重要性。

A.disciplineA.自律

B.practiceB.練習(xí)

C.carefulnessC.謹(jǐn)慎

D.efficiencyD.效率

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】本題考查第3段的主旨。本段第一句說“努力(Hardwork)也不是故事的全部?!钡诙湔f“重要的不是你打開書在那坐了多久(howlongyousitthere),重要的是你坐在那的時候在干什么(It’swhatyoudowhileyou’resitting)?!钡谌湔f“一些成績好的學(xué)生比成績差點兒的學(xué)生花在家庭作業(yè)上的時間更少(putinfewerhoursofhomeworktime)?!本C上,本段主旨為努力不是全部,學(xué)習(xí)的時間長短也不是,重要的是你做了什么,即強(qiáng)調(diào)的是D選項“效率”的重要性。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C三個選項均不符合本段主旨。

9.【選項釋義】

“Topstudentsbrooknointrusionsonstudytime.”(Para.5)meansthatthey____.“優(yōu)等生不允許學(xué)習(xí)時間受到干擾?!保ǖ?段)的意思是他們____。

A.considerstudymoreimportantthananythingelseA.把學(xué)習(xí)看得比什么都重要

B.neveraskanyquestionswhilestudyingB.學(xué)習(xí)時不問任何問題

C.don’tallowotherthingstointerrupttheirstudyC.不讓其他事情干擾他們的學(xué)習(xí)

D.don’twantotherpeopletotellthemhowtostudyD.不希望別人告訴他們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí)

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Para.5定位到原文第5段,本段第2句是本題引用的句子。本段的結(jié)構(gòu)是總分式,開頭第一句點名主旨“設(shè)置優(yōu)先級(Setpriorities)”。本段第3句提到“一旦打開了書或電腦,就不會接電話(phonecallsgounanswered),不看電視節(jié)目(TVshowsunwatched),也不會吃零食(snacksignored)?!庇纱丝芍?,這句話的意思是C選項“不讓其他事情干擾他們的學(xué)習(xí)”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“把學(xué)習(xí)看得比什么都重要”,表述錯誤,本段“學(xué)習(xí)優(yōu)先”的意思是學(xué)習(xí)的時候就只學(xué)習(xí),其他什么事都不干,并不是“把學(xué)習(xí)看得比什么都重要”的意思,該選項屬于過度推理;

B選項“學(xué)習(xí)時不問任何問題”,原文并未提及,屬于無中生有;

D選項“不希望別人告訴他們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí)”,原文并未提及,屬于無中生有。

10.【選項釋義】

WhattipsmightMcCrayoffertootherstudents?McCray可能會給其他學(xué)生什么建議?

A.Studyanywhereatanytime.A.隨時隨地學(xué)習(xí)。

B.Learnasmuchasyoucan.B.盡可能多地學(xué)習(xí)。

C.Putthingsintheirrightplaces.C.把東西放到該放的地方。

D.Joinaschoolorganization.D.加入一個學(xué)校組織。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞McCray定位到原文第7段。本段的結(jié)構(gòu)是總分式,第一句點明本段主旨“要有條理(Getorganized)”,后文舉了McCray的例子。本段最后一句,McCray說“我太忙了,沒有時間去找鉛筆或丟失的紙。我把所有東西都放在我能摸到的地方?!庇纱丝芍珻選項“把東西放到該放的地方”是他可能會提的建議。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“隨時隨地學(xué)習(xí)”是第6段的內(nèi)容,屬于張冠李戴;

B選項“盡可能多地學(xué)習(xí)”原文并未提及,屬于無中生有;

D選項“加入一個學(xué)校組織”,原文雖然提到了他加入了很多組織,但這并不是他表達(dá)的重點,該選項屬于本末倒置。

11.【選項釋義】

Whatcanwelearnaboutstudytimesfromthelastparagraph?關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)時間,我們可以從最后一段中得知什么?

A.Studytimescanbeadjustedeveryday.A.學(xué)習(xí)時間可以每天調(diào)整。

B.Studytimesvaryfrompersontoperson.B.學(xué)習(xí)時間因人而異。

C.Therearenobeststudytimesforastudent.C.對于學(xué)生來說,沒有最佳的學(xué)習(xí)時間。

D.Studytimesarecrucialforacademicexcellence.D.學(xué)習(xí)時間對學(xué)業(yè)成績至關(guān)重要。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞lastparagraph定位到原文最后一段。本段第一句說到“學(xué)習(xí)時間(studytimes)完全是個人喜好問題(amatterofpersonalpreference)”;緊接著就舉了早、晚及放學(xué)后立馬學(xué)習(xí)的三類人的例子,因此,B選項“學(xué)習(xí)時間因人而異”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“學(xué)習(xí)時間可以每天調(diào)整”,表述錯誤,屬于曲解原文。本段最后一句提到“所有人都同意有必要保持一致性(theneedforconsistency)?!币虼?,學(xué)習(xí)時間不應(yīng)該每天調(diào)整。

C選項“對于學(xué)生來說,沒有最佳的學(xué)習(xí)時間”,表述錯誤,屬于過度推理。本段只說每個人最佳學(xué)習(xí)的時間不一樣,并不是沒有最佳學(xué)習(xí)的時間。

D選項“學(xué)習(xí)時間對學(xué)業(yè)成績至關(guān)重要”,本段的中心雖然是“學(xué)習(xí)時間”,但是本段的重點并不在于論證學(xué)習(xí)時間對成績的重要性,該選項屬于無中生有。

12.【選項釋義】

Whatisthetopicofthepassage?本文的主題是什么?

A.Secretsoftopstudents.A.優(yōu)等生的秘密。

B.Balancingstudyandplay.B.平衡學(xué)習(xí)和娛樂。

C.Hardworkinhighschools.C.在高中努力學(xué)習(xí)。

D.Gradesandeducation.D.成績和教育。

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)。本文的行文邏輯是“總分式”:第1段通過PaulMelendres的例子導(dǎo)入本文話題;第2段第1句,點明本文的主題“像Melendres這樣的超級成功者是如何做到的呢?”;第2-3段指出“天賦和努力不是唯一的答案,重要的是做了什么(It’swhatyoudowhileyou’resitting)”;第4段承上啟下,點明他們是因為掌握了一些基礎(chǔ)技巧(bymasteringafewbasictechniques);第5-8段則分別介紹這些技巧。綜上所述,A選項“優(yōu)等生的秘密”,即優(yōu)等生是如何成為優(yōu)等生的是本文的主題。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“平衡學(xué)習(xí)和娛樂”,只是本文第5段的內(nèi)容,優(yōu)等生成功的技巧之一,該選項屬于以偏概全;

C選項“在高中努力學(xué)習(xí)”,本文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

D選項“成績和教育”,本文雖然提到了成績,但沒有提到教育,該選項屬于無中生有。

11.寫作題

YouaresupposedtowritealettertoaprofessorinauniversityintheUnitedStatesorUK,requestingforthepossibilityofacooperativeprogramforPh.D.there.

1.Thelettershouldbeginwith“DearProfessorXXX”

2.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“MaQing”instead.

4.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearProfessorPeterDay,

IamMaQingfromNanjingUniversityinJiangsuProvince,thePeople’sRepublicofChina.IhavebecomeaPh.D.candidateofouruniversity.Myresearchinterestiscomparativeculture.WhatIamreallyinterestedinisthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenAmericancultureandChineseculture.IamproudtosaythatIhavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.MyresearchpapersoftenappearinsomeinfluentialcorejournalsinChina.Buttotellthetruth,myknowledgeoftheUnitedStatesisfarlessthanmyknowledgeofChina.Sothatisnotconducivetowritingmydissertationrelatedtocomparativeculture.Undersuchcircumstances,Ishouldliketopursueaco-operativeprogramforPh.D.inyouruniversity.IfIhavefinishedlearningsomecoursesinChinathisyear,Iwilltakesomeothercoursesinyouruniversitynextyear.IespeciallywishtomakegreaterprogressinmyacademicresearchunderyourtutelagebecauseIknowyouareafamousscholarintheEastWestCenter,theUniversityofHawaii.

Ifyoucouldacceptmyrequest,Iwouldappreciateitverymuch.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Yoursrespectfully

MaQing

12.單選題

Glassthathasbeentemperedmaybeupto().

問題1選項

A.fivetimesashardasordinaryglass

B.ashardasordinaryglassfivetimes

C.hardasordinaryglassasfivetimes

D.asfivetimeshardordinaryglass

【答案】A

【解析】語法題??疾楸稊?shù)表達(dá):倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as+其它。句意:鋼化玻璃的硬度可能是普通玻璃的五倍。因此A項正確。

13.單選題

Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe()impossibletocomprehend.

問題1選項

A.hasfound

B.wasfinding

C.hadfound

D.wouldfind

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這位學(xué)生稱自己已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這篇文章中的幾個論點無法理解。

語法題。考查時態(tài)。題干謂語動詞為一般過去時“said”,而空格處所發(fā)生的的動作在said之前,即過去的過去。因此此處應(yīng)該用過去完成時。因此C正確。

14.單選題

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwaywasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecialpurposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp.

Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldtakeplaceontheentranceramp.Analternativetechniquecouldemployconventionallanes,whichwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.(Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespected,becausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.)

Eitherapproachtojoiningalaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmergingwithouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsofautomatedhighways(

).

2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat(

).

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?

4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecialpurposelane(

).

5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane.Thedriver(

).

問題1選項

A.arebeingplanned

B.arebeingmodified

C.arenowinwideuse

D.areunderconstruction

問題2選項

A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways

B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency

C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles

D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles

問題3選項

A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.

B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.

C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.

D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.

問題4選項

A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane

B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices

C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate

D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved

問題5選項

A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars

B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem

C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents

D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段第三句Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard(繪圖板上有兩種不同的類型)可知,這兩個系統(tǒng)正在設(shè)計中,因此選擇A項“正在計劃中”。B項“正在修改”,C項“現(xiàn)在被廣泛使用”,D項“正在施工中”,均錯誤。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問special-purposelanesystem的優(yōu)勢。定位到第一段最后一句Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.(專用車道系統(tǒng)將需要對現(xiàn)有高速公路進(jìn)行更廣泛的物理改造,但它有望最大程度地提高高速公路通行能力),因此B項“它將實現(xiàn)最大的公路交通效率”符合題意。A項“它只需要對現(xiàn)有的公路做一些小的改動”,根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知應(yīng)該是進(jìn)行廣泛的改造,故錯誤。C項“它有一條自動和半自動車道”和D項“它為自動化車輛提供了更多的車道”,在文中并未體現(xiàn)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第一句:Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.(不論采用哪種設(shè)計,司機(jī)都需要在其開始行駛時或在到達(dá)自動化高速公路前確定要去

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