考研考博-英語-惠州學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-惠州學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

At18,AshanthiDesilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury.Bornwithanextremelyrareandusuallyfataldisorderthatleftherwithoutafunctioningimmunesystem(the“bubble-boydisease,”namedafteranearliervictimwhowaskeptaliveforyearsinasterileplastictent),shewastreatedbeginningin1990witharevolutionarynewtherapythatsoughttocorrectthedefectatitsverysource,inthegenesofherwhitebloodcells.Itworked.Althoughherlastgene-therapytreatmentwasin1992,sheiscompletelyhealthywithnormalimmunefunction,accordingtooneofthedoctorswhotreatedher,W.FrenchAndersonoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Researchershavelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutantgeneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore.“Therewillbeagene-basedtreatmentforessentiallyeverydisease,”Andersonsays,“within50years.”

It’snotentirelyclearwhymedicinehasbeensoslowtobuildonAnderson’searlysuccess.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudgetofficeestimatesitwillspend$432millionongene-therapyresearchin2005,andthereisnoshortageofpromisingleads.Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease.“ThevirusissortoflikeaTrojanHorse,”saysRonaldCrystalofNewYorkPresbyterian/WeillCornellMedicalCollege.“Thecargoisthegene.”

AttheUniversityofPennsylvania’sAbramsonCancerCenter,immunologistCarlJunerecentlytreatedHIVpatientswithageneintendedtohelptheircellsresisttheinfection.AtCornellUniversity,researchersarepursuinggene-basedtherapiesforParkinson’sdiseaseandararehereditarydisorderthatdestroyschildren’sbraincells.AtStanfordUniversityandtheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia,researchersaretryingtofigureouthowtohelppatientswithhemophiliawhotodaymustinjectthemselveswithexpensiveclottingdrugsforlife.Animalexperimentshaveshowngreatpromise.

Butsomehow,thingsgetlostinthetranslationfromlaboratorytopatient.Inhumantrialsofthehemophiliatreatment,patientsshowaresponseatfirst,butitfadesovertime.Andthefieldhasstillnotrecoveredfromthesetbackitsufferedin1999,whenJesseGelsinger,an18-year-oldwithararemetabolicdisorder,diedafterreceivinganexperimentalgenetherapyattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge.Thissummer,researchersattheSalkInstituteinSanDiegosaidtheyhadcreateda“marathonmouse”byimplantingagenethatenhancesrunningability;already,officialsattheWorldAnti-DopingAgencyarepreparingtotestathletesforsignsof“Genedoping.”Buttheprincipleisthesame,whetheryou’retryingtohelpahealthrunnerrunfasterorallowamuscular-dystrophypatienttowalk.“Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea,”saysCrystal.“Andeventuallyit’sgoingtowork.”

41.ThecaseofAshanthiDesilvaismentionedinthetextto____.

42.Anderson’searlysuccesshas____.

43.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

44.Theword“tarnish”(Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans____.

45.Fromthetextwecanseethattheauthorseems____.

問題1選項

A.showthepromiseofgene-therapy

B.giveanexampleofmoderntreatmentforfataldiseases

C.introducetheachievementofAndersonandhisteam

D.explainhowgene-basedtreatmentworks

問題2選項

A.greatlyspeededthedevelopmentofmedicine

B.promisedacuretoevery

C.broughtnoimmediateprogressintheresearchofgene-therapydisease

D.madehimanationalhero

問題3選項

A.Ashanthineedstoreceivegene-therapytreatmentconstantly.

B.Therapeuticgenesarecarriedbyharmlessviruses.

C.Despitethehugefunding,generesearcheshaveshownfewpromises.

D.Gene-dopingisencouragedbyworldagenciestohelpathletesgetbetterscores.

問題4選項

A.affect

B.stain

C.trouble

D.warn

問題5選項

A.troubled

B.pessimistic

C.optimistic

D.uncertain

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】41.目的意圖題。題干“文章中提到AshanthiDesilva的案例是為了____”，可定位到原文第1段。本文是圍繞“基因治療”來展開的，開篇第1段就舉了AshanthiDesilva通過基因治療成功的例子。并且本段最后一句“Therewillbeagene-basedtreatmentforessentiallyeverydisease,”Andersonsays,“within50years.”（Anderson說：“未來50年內(nèi)，幾乎所有疾病都會有一種基于基因的治療方法?！保┯纱丝芍魏肁shanthiDesilva的醫(yī)生Anderson對基因治療的展望，并且后文接著就寫了基因治療的有關(guān)內(nèi)容。A選項“（為了）展示基因治療的前景”符合原文和題目要求。B選項“舉一個現(xiàn)代治療致命疾病的例子”，只表述了內(nèi)容，沒有表述舉例的目的，排除；C選項“介紹Anderson和他的團隊的成就”，沒有圍繞文章主題，不是舉例的目的，排除；D選項“解釋基因治療是如何起作用的”，案例中并未解釋基因治療是如何起作用的，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為A。

42.判斷推理題。題干“Anderson的早期成就____”，可定位到原文第2段第1句It’snotentirelyclearwhymedicinehasbeensoslowtobuildonAnderson’searlysuccess.（目前還不完全清楚為什么醫(yī)學(xué)在Anderson早期成功的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展得如此緩慢。）由此可知，在Anderson早期成就的基礎(chǔ)上，醫(yī)學(xué)還是發(fā)展很慢，C選項“沒有給基因治療疾病的研究帶來快速進展”表述正確，A選項“大大加快了醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展”表述錯誤。B選項“承諾了一種治療一切疾病的良方”，可定位到原文第1段最后一句“Therewillbeagene-basedtreatmentforessentiallyeverydisease,”Andersonsays,“within50years.”（Anderson說：“未來50年內(nèi)，幾乎所有疾病都會有一種基于基因的治療方法?！保┯纱丝芍?，他只是說未來幾乎每一種疾病都可以有一種基因治療的方法，但這并不是一定的，也不能說明基因治療萬能的，可以治好一切疾病，B選項表述過于絕對，排除；D選項“使他成為民族英雄”，原文并未提及，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

43.事實細節(jié)題。題干“根據(jù)課文，下列哪項是正確的？”A選項“Ashanthi需要不斷接受基因治療”，可定位到原文第1段第4句Althoughherlastgene-therapytreatmentwasin1992,sheiscompletelyhealthywithnormalimmunefunction…（盡管她在1992年才接受最后一次基因治療，她非常健康，免疫功能正常……）由此可知，Ashanthi在1992年接受了最后一次基因治療，并且已經(jīng)痊愈，不需要再接受基因治療。選項表述錯誤，排除；B選項“治療性基因由無害的病毒攜帶”，可定位到原文第2段第3句Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease.（這種治療性基因通常通過不引起人類疾病的病毒傳遞。）由此可知，B選項表述正確。C選項“盡管有巨額資金支持，基因研究卻沒有什么前景”，可定位到第2段第2句TheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudgetofficeestimatesitwillspend$432millionongene-therapyresearchin2005,andthereisnoshortageofpromisingleads.（美國國家衛(wèi)生研究院估計，2005年，將在基因治療研究上花費4.32億美元，而且不乏有前途的研究方向。）由此可知，政府的巨額資金支持的研究項目中有前途光明的研究，說明基因研究還是有前景的，選項表述錯誤；D選項“世界機構(gòu)鼓勵使用基因興奮劑來幫助運動員取得更好的成績”，可定位到原文最后一段倒數(shù)第3句already,officialsattheWorldAnti-DopingAgencyarepreparingtotestathletesforsignsof“Genedoping.”（世界反興奮劑機構(gòu)的官員已經(jīng)準備對運動員進行“基因興奮劑”測試。）由此可知，世界機構(gòu)對使用基因興奮劑持否定態(tài)度，選項表述錯誤，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為B。

44.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第4段第4句Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge.（一些專家擔(dān)心，如果下一個受益的人不是病人，而是尋求優(yōu)勢的運動員，這個領(lǐng)域?qū)M一步____。）根據(jù)原文中further定位到前一句Andthefieldhasstillnotrecoveredfromthesetbackitsufferedin1999,when…,diedafterreceivinganexperimentalgenetherapy…（該領(lǐng)域至今仍未從1999年的挫折中恢復(fù)過來，當(dāng)時……接受實驗性基因治療后去世。）由此可知1999年的事給基因治療領(lǐng)域帶來了不好的影響，破壞了該領(lǐng)域的名聲，所以原文betarnishedfurther應(yīng)該是指進一步帶來不好的影響，進一步破壞基因治療的聲譽。B選項“玷污，敗壞名聲”最符合原文。A選項“影響”是中性詞，不能表達進一步帶來壞的影響，排除；C選項“麻煩”、D選項“警告；通知”不符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項為B。

45.觀點態(tài)度題。本文圍繞“基因治療”展開。第1段舉Ashanthi接受基因治療痊愈的例子，說明基因治療的光明前景；第2段介紹美國政府投入巨額資金進行基因治療的研究，其中不乏有前途的研究；第3段介紹針對不同疾病的基因治療研究，并且有很大的希望；前三段可以明顯看出作者的態(tài)度是樂觀的。第4段雖然介紹了兩個給基因治療帶來不好影響的例子，但是最后一句“Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea,”saysCrystal.“Andeventuallyit’sgoingtowork.”（“每個人都認識到基因療法是一個非常好的想法，”Crystal說，“最終會成功的?！保┯纱丝芍?，作者最終還是持樂觀態(tài)度的。C選項“樂觀的”符合原文。A選項“困惑的”、B選項“悲觀的”、D選項“不確定的”，均不符合原文，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

2.單選題

Sobadly（

）inthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforafewmonths.

問題1選項

A.didheinjure

B.injuredhim

C.washeinjured

D.hewasinjured

【答案】C

【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意：他在車禍里傷得太厲害了，以至于他不得不在醫(yī)院待了幾個月。sothat句子中，so位于句首時句子需要部分倒裝，B、D排除；答案選C。

3.單選題

Ingeneral,the（

）amountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotalforlivingexpenses.

問題1選項

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項acceptable“可接受的”；B選項advisable“明智的”；C選項available“可獲得的”；D選項applicable“可應(yīng)用的”。

句意：一般來說，學(xué)生在住房上的花費應(yīng)控制在可支配的生活費的五分之一以內(nèi)。available其后常接介詞for或to構(gòu)成形容詞短語，作后置定語。所以選項C正確。

4.單選題

Themotionpictureoriginatedwhenaseriesofstillphotographwereslicedandviewedinrapidsuccessiontocreatetheillusionofmovementandcontinuity.

問題1選項

A.reduced

B.joined

C.revised

D.titled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。橫線單詞sliced意為“切下；把……分成部分；將……切成薄片”；A選項“reduced”意為“減少；縮??；使處于；把……分解”；B選項“joined”意為“參加；結(jié)合；連接”；C選項“revised”意為“修正；復(fù)習(xí)；校訂”；D選項“titled”意為“加標題于；賦予頭銜；把……稱為”。句意：電影起源于將一系列靜止的照片切成薄片，快速連續(xù)地觀看，以創(chuàng)造移動和連續(xù)性的幻覺。由題干可知，motionpicture（電影）最開始是以一系列靜止照片的形式觀看，可以推測出應(yīng)該是將這些照片切成薄片，也就是膠片的樣子。由此可知，sliced在此處最可能是“將……切成薄片”的意思，四個選項中reduced具有“縮小，分解”的意思，與此相近。因此A選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Thefirstsettlersfoundsomuchworktodothattheyhadlittletimefornostalgia.

問題1選項

A.leisure

B.nosebleed

C.homesickness

D.hobbies

【答案】C

【解析】句意：第一批移民發(fā)現(xiàn)有這么多工作要做，他們沒有時間思念家鄉(xiāng)。nostalgia意為“懷舊，思鄉(xiāng)”。homesickness鄉(xiāng)愁。選項C與之意思相近。

6.單選題

Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial（）toitsburningtemperature.

問題1選項

A.beheated

B.isheated

C.wouldheated

D.toheated

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣的用法。requirement為主語，所以后面應(yīng)該使用虛擬語氣，后面的動詞形式是shoulddo，表示“要求······，其中should是可以省略的。Material與heat之間應(yīng)該是被動語態(tài)，所以應(yīng)該是shouldbeheated，其中should可以省略，所以選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Wehadintendedtotalkaboutwork,but（

）startedtotalkaboutfootball.

問題1選項

A.continuously

B.unwittingly

C.permanently

D.consistently

【答案】B

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。continuously“繼續(xù)地”；unwittingly“不知不覺地”；permanently“永久地”；consistently“一致地”。句意：我們原意是打算談?wù)摴ぷ鞯?，但是不知不覺就談到了足球。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Everybodygetssick.Diseaseandinjurymakeussufferthroughoutourlivesuntilfinallysonicattackonthebodybringsourexistencetoanend.Fortunately,mostofusinmodernindustrializedsocietiescantakerelativelygoodhealthforgrantedmostofthetime.Infact,wetendtofullyrealizetheimportanceofgoodhealthonlywhenweorthoseclosetousbecomeseriouslyill.Atsuchtimeswekeenlyappreciatetheancienttruththathealthisourmostpreciousasset,oneforwhichwemightreadilygiveupsuchrewardsaspower,wealth,orfame.

Becauseillhealthisuniversalproblem,affectingboththeindividualandsociety,thehumanresponsetosicknessisalwayssociallyorganized.Nosocietyleavestheresponsibilityformaintaininghealthandtreatingillhealthentirelytotheindividual.Eachsocietydevelopsitsownconceptsofhealthandsicknessandauthorizescertainpeopletodecidewhoissickandhowthesickshouldbetreated.Aroundthisfocustherearises,overtime,anumberofstandards,values,groups,statuses,androles:inotherwords,aninstitution.Tothesociologist,then,medicineistheinstitutionconcernedwiththemaintenanceofhealthandtreatmentofdisease.

Inthesimplestpre-industrialsocieties,medicineisusuallyanaspectofreligion.Thesocialarrangementsfordealingwithsicknessarcveryelementary,ofteninvolvingonlytworoles:thesickandthehealer.Thelatteristypicallyalsothepriest,whoreliesprimarilyonreligiousceremonies,bothtoidentifyandtotreatdisease:forexample,bonesmaybethrowntoestablishacause,songsmaybeusedtobringaboutacure.Inmodemindustrializedsocieties,ontheotherhand,theinstitutionhasbecomehighlycomplicatedandspecialized,includingdozensofrolessuchasthoseofbrainsurgeon,druggist,andhospitaladministrator,linkedwithvariousorganizationssuchasnursinghomes,insurancecompanies,andmedicalschools.Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtoParagraphI?

2.Theword“authorize”inParagraph2means“（

）.

3.InParagraph2,welearnthatthesociologistregardsmedicineas

（

）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Theauthorofthispassageismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

問題1選項

A.Nowadaysmostpeoplebelievetheycanhavefairlygoodhealth.

B.Humanlifeinvolvesagreatdealofpainandsuffering.

C.Mostofusareawareofthefullvalueofhealth.

D.Ancientpeoplebelievedthathealthwasmoreexpensivethananythingelse.

問題2選項

A.makewayfor

B.givepowerto

C.writeanorderfor

D.makeitpossiblefor

問題3選項

A.asystemwhosepurposeistotreatdiseaseandkeeppeoplehealthy

B.auniversalproblemthataffectseverysociety

C.asocialresponsibilitytotreatillhealth

D.asciencethatfocusesonthetreatmentofdisease

問題4選項

A.Inthepast,bonesmightbeusedtodecidewhypeoplefellill.

B.inpre-industrialsocietiespriestssometimestreatedpatientsbysinging.

C.Modemmedicineissocomplicatedthatsociologynolongerhasaplaceinit.

D.Therewereonlytworolesinanelementarymedicalsystem,thepatientandtheonewhotriedtocurehim.

問題5選項

A.sociologicalaspectsinmedicine

B.medicaltreatmentofdiseases

C.thedevelopmentofmedicalscience

D.theroleofreligioninmedicine

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第一段，下列哪個描述是正確的”。文章第一段提到“疾病和受傷讓我們痛苦一生，直到對身體的一些攻擊能讓我們死去”（Diseaseandinjurymakeussufferthroughoutourlivesuntilfinallysonicattackonthebodybringsourexistencetoanend），選項B“人生有許多痛苦和磨難”符合題意。

2.詞義題。題目問的是“第二段中的authorize的意思是……”。文章第二段提到某些人去決定誰生了病，以及決定這些病人被怎樣處理（authorizescertainpeopletodecidewhoissickandhowthesickshouldbetreated），選項B“給……以權(quán)力”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在第二段中，我們可以得知社會學(xué)家將藥品作為……”。文章第二段的最后一句“對于社會學(xué)家來說，醫(yī)學(xué)是關(guān)于維持健康和治療疾病的一種制度”（Tothesociologist,then,medicineistheinstitutionconcernedwiththemaintenanceofhealthandtreatmentofdisease），選項A“一種以治療疾病和維持人體健康為目的的體系”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第三段，下列不正確的是……”。文章第三段提到“正因為醫(yī)學(xué)現(xiàn)在是最普遍的、花費多的現(xiàn)代社會機構(gòu)之一，所以它已經(jīng)成為社會學(xué)家最感興趣的主題”（Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety），所以選項C“現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)如此復(fù)雜，以至于社會學(xué)在其中不再有任何位置”與描述不符合，所以是答案。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章作者關(guān)心的是……”。文章第三段提到“正因為醫(yī)學(xué)現(xiàn)在是最普遍的、花費多的現(xiàn)代社會機構(gòu)之一，所以它已經(jīng)成為社會學(xué)家最感興趣的主題”（Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety），選項A“醫(yī)學(xué)的社會學(xué)方面”符合題意。

9.翻譯題

Thetrampseemstohavebeenamanofgoodhumorandphilosophictemperament—asindeedvagrantsverycommonlyare.EveryoneelsewasenjoyingChristmas,sohesawnogoodreasonwhyheshouldnotdothesame.Hesubmitted,cheerfullyenough,tobeingtakenawaybythepolice.PerhapshehadhadabetterChristmasthanusual.Hewassenttoprisonforsevendays.Thejudgeawardednocompensationtothechainstoreforthefoodanddrinkourtramphadconsumed.Theyhad,inhisopinion,alreadyreceivedvaluablefreepublicityfromthecoveragethestoryreceivedinthenewspapersandontelevision.

【答案】流浪漢似乎是一個很有幽默感和哲學(xué)氣質(zhì)的人——實際上流浪漢通常都是這樣的。其他人都在享受圣誕節(jié)，所以他覺得沒有什么理由不讓自己也這么做。他很高興地讓警察把他帶走了。也許他圣誕節(jié)過得比平時好。他被關(guān)進監(jiān)獄7天。對于我們的流浪漢吃的食物和飲料，法官沒有判給連鎖店任何賠償。在他看來，他們已經(jīng)接受了從報紙和電視上的報道中獲得了寶貴的免費宣傳。

10.單選題

frightenedanddesertit.

問題1選項

A.shouldbe

B.wouldbe

C.willbe

D.couldbe

【答案】A

【解析】考察虛擬語氣。句意：當(dāng)鳥類觀察者們找到一個鳥巢時,

他們會非常小心不去打擾,

以免鳥媽媽受到驚嚇而遺棄它。Lest表示“以免”,

后面的虛擬語氣通常用should+動詞原形。所以選項A正確。

11.單選題

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

問題1選項

A.remarkable

B.controversial

C.inexhaustible

D.deficient

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項remarkable“卓越的；非凡的”；B選項controversial“有爭議的”；C選項inexhaustible“用不完的；不知疲倦的”；D選項deficient“有缺陷的；不充分的”。句意：這個地區(qū)熱帶植物的多樣性象征著一個看來似乎用不完的原材料資源，而這其中只有一些被利用。結(jié)合此處語義，C選項正確。

12.單選題

Thetrainclatteredoverpointsandpassedthroughastation.

Thenitbegansuddenlytoslowdown,presumablyinobediencetoasignal.Forsomeminutesitcrawledalong,thenstopped;presentlyitbegantomoveforwardagain.Anotherup-trainpassedthem,thoughwithlessvehemencethanthefirstone.Thetraingatheredspeedagain.Atthatmomentanothertrain,alsoonadown-line,swervedinwardstowardsthem,foramomentwithalmostalarmingeffect.Foratimethetwotrainsranparallel,nowonegainingalittle,nowtheother.Mrs.McGillicuddylookedfromherwindowthroughthewindowsoftheparallelcarriages.Mostoftheblindsweredown,butoccasionallytheoccupantsofthecarriageswerevisible.Theothertrainwasnotveryfullandthereweremanyemptycarriages.

Atthemomentwhenthetwotrainsgavetheillusionofbeingstationary,ablindinoneofthecarriagesflewupwithasnap.Mrs.McGillicuddy,lookedintothelightedfirst-classcarriagethatwasonlyafewfeetaway.

Thenshedrewherbreathinwithagaspandhalf-rosetoherfeet.

Standingwithhisbacktothewindowandtoherwasaman.Hishandswereroundthethroatofawomanwhofacedhim,andhewasslowly,remorselessly,stranglingher.Hereyeswerestartingfromtheirsockets,herfacewaspurple.AsMrs.McGillicuddywatched,fascinated,theendcame;thebodywentlimpandcrumpledintheman’shands.

Atthesamemoment,Mrs.McGillicuddy’strainsloweddownagainandtheotherbegantogainspeed.Itpassedforwardandamomentortwolaterithadvanishedironsight.

AlmostautomaticallyMrs.McGillicuddy'shandwentuptothecommunicationcord,thenpaused,irresolute.Afterall,whatusewoulditberingingthecordofthetraininwhichshewastravelling?Thehonorofwhatshehadseenatsuchclosequarters,andtheunusualcircumstances,madeherfeelparalyzed.Someimmediateactionwasnecessary—butwhat?

Thedoorofhercompartmentwasdrawnbackandaticketcollectorsaid,“Ticket,please”.

1.WhenMrs.McGillicuddy’strainpassedthroughastation,it（

）.

2.Mrs.McGillicuddyseemstobea(n)person

（

）.

3.Whatshesawintheparalleltrainmadeherfeel

（

）.

4.Shedidn’tringthecommunicationcordimmediatelybecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.gainedspeedsuddenly

B.keptitsusualspeed

C.changeditsspeed

D.stoppedimmediately

問題2選項

A.observant

B.interested

C.nosy

D.nervous

問題3選項

A.excited

B.anxious

C.worried

D.horrified

問題4選項

A.shewasverymuchafraid

B.therewasnopointofdoingso

C.shewastooshockedtomove

D.theticketcollectorcamein

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“當(dāng)McGillicuddy太太乘坐的火車經(jīng)過車站時，這輛火車……”。文章第二段第一句提到“它突然變慢了，好像在遵循什么信號”（Thenitbegansuddenlytoslowdown,presumablyinobediencetoasignal），選項C“改變速度”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“McGillicuddy太太看起來是一個……的人”。文章第二段提到“McGillicuddy太太透過她的窗戶看向?qū)γ婊疖嚒保∕rs.McGillicuddylookedfromherwindowthroughthewindowsoftheparallelcarriages），接下來描寫了她看到的內(nèi)容，由此可以推斷出她是一個善于觀察的人。選項A符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“她看到對面火車上的情形時，感覺……”。文章第四段提到“她吸了一口氣，半蹲著”（Thenshedrewherbreathinwithagaspandhalf-rosetoherfeet）；第五段提到“當(dāng)她看到這些時，被嚇得動彈不得，終于熬到結(jié)束”（AsMrs.McGillicuddywatched,fascinated,theendcame），由此可以看出她非常害怕，選項D符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“她沒有立刻拉警報索，是因為……”。文章最后一段提到“畢竟，拉警報鎖又有什么用呢？”（Afterall,whatusewoulditberingingthecordofthetraininwhichshewastravelling），選項B“這樣做沒有意義”符合題意。

13.單選題

Myauntlosthercatlastsummer,butit（）aweeklateratahomeinthenextvillage.

問題1選項

A.turnedup

B.turnedin

C.turnedon

D.turnedout

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。turnup“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)，折起”；turnin“上繳，出賣”；turnon“打開，發(fā)動”；turnout“結(jié)果是，證明是”。句意：去年夏天我姨媽的貓丟了，但是一周后它出現(xiàn)在鄰村的一戶人家里。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Someoftheideasareverysimpleandsoundintuitivelyplausible.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.

問題1選項

A.directly

B.reasonably

C.frankly

D.instinctively

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項directly“直接地；立即；馬上”；B選項reasonably“合理地；相當(dāng)?shù)兀贿m度地”；C選項frankly“坦率地；老實說”；D選項instinctively“本能地”。intuitively意為“直觀地；直覺地”，D選項的意思最為接近。句意：有些想法非常簡單，聽起來覺得很有道理。

15.單選題

Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltotalkintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchprovidesfurtherconfirmationthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecanimpairadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.

MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwickandToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationabouttheirhobbiesusingaspeakerphone.AsDr.KunarandDr.HorowitzreportinPsychonomicBulletin&Review,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7meterstothebrakingdistanceofacartravelingat100kph.Theyfoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.

Dr.KunarandDr.Horowitzalsoexploredtheeffectofsimplylisteningtosomething—suchasaradioprogramme.ForthistheyplayedarecordingofthefirstchapterofBramStoker’s“Dracula.”Eventhoughthetestsubjectsweretoldtopayattentionbecausetheywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime.TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.Dr.Kunarreckonsthathavingtothinkaboutresponsesduringaphoneconversationcompetesforthebrain’sresourcesinawaythatlisteningtoamonologuedoesnot.

Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible—especiallybecausemoreandmorevehiclesarenowbeingfittedwiththenecessaryequipmentasstandard.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.Andthey’llbemorelikelytoarriveinonepiece.

1.InKunarandHorowitz’sexperiments,thesubjectswhoperformedtaskswhiletalking（）.

2.AccordingtoFrankDrews,listeningtoapassengertalking（）.

3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thelawforbiddingtheuseofhand-heldphoneswhendriving（）.

4.Thebesthopeofstoppingpeoplefromusinghands-freephoneslieswith（）.

5.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（）.

問題1選項

A.reactedmorequickly,butmademoremistakes

B.reactedmorequicklyandmadefewermistakes

C.reactedmoreslowlyandmademoremistakes

D.reactedmoreslowly,butmadefewermistakes

問題2選項

A.affectsdriversmorethanlisteningtoastory

B.affectsdriversmorethanaphoneconversation

C.haslesseffectonthedriversthanlisteningtoastory

D.haslesseffectonthedriversthanaphoneconversation

問題3選項

A.hasbeenfrequentlybroken

B.isnecessaryandfeasible

C.hasbeenstrictlyenforced

D.willarouseheateddebate

問題4選項

A.carmanufacturers

B.lawmakers

C.newtechnology

D.driversthemselves

問題5選項

A.callonlawmakerstomakestrictlawsontheuseofcellphones

B.informpeopleofthedangerofusingcellphoneswhiledriving

C.weighthebenefitsandharmsofusingcellphoneswhendriving

D.offersuggestionsfordriverswhousecellphoneswhiledriving

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段第三句thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot（做了相當(dāng)于接聽免提電話的人跟沒有做這個任務(wù)的人相比，平均反應(yīng)時間慢了212毫秒）和第五句groupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking（使用免提工具的那一組在任務(wù)中比那些沒有說話的那一組多出83%的錯），可知受干擾的那一組反應(yīng)更慢，錯誤更多，故C反應(yīng)更慢，錯誤更多正確。其他選項不符合題意。因此C選項正確。

2.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段第三句theywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime（他們之后會被問到關(guān)于這個故事的問題，但這對他們的反應(yīng)時間幾乎沒有影響）和第四句TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.（這項由猶他大學(xué)的弗蘭克?德魯斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究表明，乘客的閑聊也是如此。），可知聽故事和聽顧客講話一樣對司機幾乎沒有影響，A選項“比聽故事更影響司機”和C選項“對司機的影響小于聽故事”錯誤。根據(jù)第一題，可知電話交談讓司機反應(yīng)變慢，犯錯更多，因此B選項“比電話交談更影響司機”錯誤，D選項“對司機影響小于電話交談”正確。因此D選項正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficult（懲罰開車時手握小工具的行為很難），可知不能嚴格禁止，C選項“被嚴格執(zhí)行”錯誤。根據(jù)第二句Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible（不可能阻止人們使用免提電話），可知禁止開車時使用不可行，B選項“必要且可行”錯誤。根據(jù)第三句Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.（勸誡人們在開車時關(guān)機也許是唯一的解決之道。），結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知很多人在開車時打電話，法律限制不了，只能勸誡，故A選項“經(jīng)常被打破”正確。D選項“將引起激烈辯論”沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.（勸誡人們在開車時關(guān)機也許是唯一的解決之道。），可知最大希望是D選項“司機自己”，故D選項正確。A選項“汽車制造商”：根據(jù)第二句Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible—especiallybecausemoreandmorevehiclesarenowbeingfittedwiththenecessaryequipmentasstandard（不可能阻止人們使用免提電話——尤其是現(xiàn)在越來越多的車輛都配備了必要的標準設(shè)備。），可知汽車制造商甚至加劇了問題。B選項“立法者”：法律不能發(fā)揮作用。C選項“新技術(shù)”：文章沒有提到。因此D選項正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章通過各種實驗說明不同活動對開車的影響，點出使用手機打電話影響最大，最后一段說唯一能夠規(guī)避這種情況的就是司機自己，可知本文目的是D選項“為開車時使用手機的司機提供建議”，故D選項正確。A選項“呼吁立法者對手機的使用制定嚴格的法律”不符合文章觀點。B選項“告訴人們開車時使用手機的危險”沒有特別提出；C選項“權(quán)衡開車時使用手機的好處和壞處”沒有講到好處。因此D選項正確。

16.單選題

問題1選項

A.marineproducts

B.dairyproducts

C.industrialproducts

D.avianproducts

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞poultry意為“家禽；家禽肉”；A選項“marineproducts”意為“海產(chǎn)品；水產(chǎn)及制品”；B選項“dairyproducts”意為“乳制品，奶制品；乳酪產(chǎn)品”；C選項“industrialproducts”意為“工業(yè)產(chǎn)品”；D選項“avianproducts”意為“禽類產(chǎn)品”。句意：據(jù)報道，美國賓夕法尼亞州最近爆發(fā)的禽流感促使中國禁止從該州進口家禽。由題干可知，thelatestoutbreakofthebirdflu（最近爆發(fā)的禽流感）肯定和家禽相關(guān)。所以中國禁止進口的應(yīng)該是家禽。由此可知，poultry在此處最可能是“家禽”的意思。因此D選項符合題意。

17.單選題

Onasingleweekendlastmonth,therewerethreeserioushighwayaccidentsinthiscountrythat(1)teenageddrivers.Oneoftheresultofthis(2)weekendwasa(3)publicdemandthathighschoolstudentsshouldberequiredto(4)acourseofdriving-trainingbeforereceivingtheirdriver’slicenses.(5),mostofthehighschoolsinthisareahaveoffereddriver-trainingcoursesformanyyears.Butthesecourseshavealwaysbeen(6),(7)required;andsometimesonlyasmallfractionofthestudentbodyhasactuallybeen(8)inthecourses.Itwouldbeanexcellentidea,asIseeit,tomakedrivertrainingarequiredcourse.

Theopponentsofthisideahave(9)thatprovidingdrivertrainingforeverystudentwouldbevery(10)andthatthe(11)wouldnotbeworththeprice.Itistruethatthecoursewouldbecostly.Ourtownschoolboardhasestimatedthatinordertoprovidedrivertrainingforeveryhighschoolstudent,theywouldneedatleasttwomorefull-timeinstructorsandtwoadditionaltrainingcars,aswellas(12)labspaceandequipment.(13)thecourseofthisprogramwouldbelarge,itmustbe(14)againstthemuchgreatercost—bothinmoneyandinhumansuffering—ofcontinuingtoallowinexperiencedandpoorlytrainedpeopletojointhera