考研考博-英語-徐州生物工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-徐州生物工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Einstein’stheoryofrelativityseemedhardtobelieveatthetime______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thathefirstintroducedit

B.whenhefirstintroduced

C.hefirstintroduced

D.whichhefirstintroducedit

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.thathefirstintroducedit他第一次介紹它B.whenhefirstintroduced他第一次介紹

C.hefirstintroduced他第一次介紹D.whichhefirstintroducedit他第一次介紹它

【考查點(diǎn)】定語從句。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，atthetime（在那時(shí)）為句子的時(shí)間狀語從句，句意是“愛因斯坦的相對論在當(dāng)時(shí)似乎難以置信”，空格處為定語從句修飾atthetime，引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，所以從句主謂賓必須完整，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C項(xiàng)缺少賓語it；

D項(xiàng)which應(yīng)該改為atwhich。

【句意】當(dāng)愛因斯坦第一次提出相對論時(shí)，他的理論似乎難以置信。

2.單選題

Coffeeisthe（）ofthisdistrictandbringslocalfarmersalotofmoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.majority

B.staple

C.spice

D.elite

【答案】B

【解析】句意:咖啡是這個(gè)地區(qū)的主要產(chǎn)品，給當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民帶來很多收入。

考查名詞辨析。majority大部分，大多數(shù)；staple主要產(chǎn)品，訂書釘，主食；spice香料，調(diào)味品，風(fēng)味；elite上層人士，掌權(quán)人物，精英。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Asasalesman,heworksona(n)（）basis,taking10%ofeverythinghesells.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.income

B.commission

C.salary

D.pension

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下半句句意：從他銷售的每件商品中抽取10%。由此推斷，填空處應(yīng)該指傭金，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。pension指退休金，撫恤金。

4.單選題

Aspoliticalfanatic,hehasfoughtwithrevolutionariesallovertheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incumbent

B.candidate

C.zealot

D.jealousy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)incumbent“在職者，現(xiàn)任者”，B項(xiàng)candidate“候選人，候補(bǔ)者”，C項(xiàng)zealot“狂熱者，猶太教狂熱信徒”，D項(xiàng)jealousy“嫉妒，猜忌”。句意：作為一個(gè)政治狂熱分子，他曾與世界各地的革命者斗爭過。根據(jù)句意可知，fanatic在句中表示“狂熱分子”。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Thecommonexperienceofhavinganameorwordonthetipofthetongueseemsrelatedtospecificperceptualattributes.Inparticular,peoplewhoreportthetip-of-the-tonguefeelingtendtoidentifytheword'sfirstletterandnumberofsyllableswithanaccuracythatfarexceedsmereguessing.Thereisevidencethatthemindmayencodedataaboutwheninformationwaslearnedandabouthowoftenithasbeenexperienced.Somememoriesseemtoembracespatialinformation;e.g.,oneremembersaparticularnewsitemtobeonthelowerright-handsideofthefrontpageofanewspaper.Researchindicatesthattherateofforgettingvariesfordifferentattributes.Forexample,memoriesinwhichauditoryattributesseemdominanttendtobemorerapidlyforgottenthanthosewithminimalacousticcharacteristics.

Ifadesignated(target)memoryconsistsofacollectionofattributes,itsrecallorretrievalshouldbeenhancedbyanycuethatindicatesoneoftheattributes.Forexample,onfailingtorecallthetermhorse(includedinalisttheyhavejustseen),peoplemaybeaskedifanassociatedterm(say,barnorzebra)helpsthemrecalltheword.Whilesomeadditionalrecallhasbeenobservedwiththiskindofhelp,failuresarecommonevenwithostensiblyrelevantcues.Thoughitispossiblethatthecuesfrequentlyareappropriate,nevertheless,ifwordswerenotlearned(encodedorstored)withaccompanyingattributes,cuingofanykindsshouldbeineffective.

1.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatallencodedwordsare（

）.

3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

4.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormentionasacauseforforgetting?

5.Whichisnotmentionedasatendencyamongpeoplewhoencountertip-of-the-tongueexperience?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Wordsthatareonlyheardareeasilyforgotten

B.Thebrainalwaysremembersthemomentwordsarefirstlearned

C.Auditorycuesaremorehelpfulthanspatialcues

D.Uncommonwordsarenormallyrememberedwithvisualcues

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.rememberedwithouthelp

B.learnedwithoutcues

C.storedwithattributes

D.forgottenifnotused

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Howapersonrememberswords

B.Theoriginoftheexpression‘"tip-of-the-tongue”

C.Howapersonusesnewwords

D.Howcuesareusedtopronouncewords

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theneedformoreprecisespatialinformation

B.Thecreationofostensiblyrelevantcues

C.Thelearningofwordswithoutcorrespondingattributes

D.Theuseofinappropriateauditorycues

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Knowingthenumberofsyllablesinaword

B.Rememberingwherewordswereseen

C.Knowingthefirstletteroftheword

D.Recognizingthewordwhenheard

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。A:聽到的言語信息很容易被忘記,第一段指出:Forexample,memoriesinwhichauditoryattributesseemdominanttendtobemorerapidlyforgottenthanthosewithminimalacousticcharacteristics(相比聽覺屬性占最少優(yōu)勢的那些記憶，聽覺屬性占優(yōu)勢的記憶傾向于更快速地被忘記),故A項(xiàng)與原文不符。B:人的大腦一直記憶單詞被首先知曉的瞬間,第一段指出:Thereisevidencethatthemindmayencodedataaboutwheninformationwaslearnedandabouthowoftenithasbeenexperienced(有證據(jù)表明人的大腦可能編碼有關(guān)信息何時(shí)被知曉和多久一次被經(jīng)歷的數(shù)據(jù)),故B正確。C:聽覺線索比空間線索更有幫助,D:不常見的單詞一般通過視覺線索被記憶,文章并未提及。

2.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Thecommonexperienceofhavinganameorwordonthetipofthetongueseemsrelatedtospecificperceptualattributes(差點(diǎn)想起一個(gè)名字或言詞的常見經(jīng)歷似乎和特定的感知屬性相關(guān)),Researchindicatesthattherateofforgettingvariesfordifferentattributes(研究表明，遺忘的頻率根據(jù)屬性的不同而變化),由此可知C項(xiàng)“被帶著屬性地儲(chǔ)存”正確。

3.主旨大意題。文章主要討論了“人怎樣記憶言詞”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:ifwordswerenotlearned（encodedorstored）withaccompanyingattributes,cuingofanykindsshouldbeineffective(如果言詞沒有在帶著伴隨的屬性情況下被知曉（被編碼或儲(chǔ)存），那么任何種類的線索提示應(yīng)該是無效的),由此可知C“沒有對應(yīng)屬性的學(xué)習(xí)言詞”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:知曉言詞的音節(jié)數(shù),C:知曉言詞的第一個(gè)字母,第一段指出:Inparticular,peoplewhoreportthetip-of-the-tonguefeelingtendtoidentifytheword'sfirstletterandnumberofsyllableswithanaccuracythatfarexceedsmereguessing(特別地,說自己有差點(diǎn)想起感覺的人傾向于以遠(yuǎn)超單純猜測的準(zhǔn)確性去辨認(rèn)出言詞的第一個(gè)字母和其音節(jié)數(shù)),因此A,B在文中被提及。B:記憶言詞在哪里被看見,第一段指出:Somememoriesseemtoembracespatialinformation;e.g.,oneremembersaparticularnewsitemtobeonthelowerright-handsideofthefrontpageofanewspaper(—些記憶貌似包含空間信息，如一個(gè)人記得一個(gè)特定的新聞內(nèi)容位于報(bào)紙頭版右手邊較低位置),由此可知B項(xiàng)被提及。故選D“識(shí)別聽見的言詞”。

6.單選題

Earthquakesrank______forestfires,floodandtornadoes______majorcalamities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.with,as

B.like,in

C.in,as

D.for,in

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)rankwith“與……并列”，rankas“列為；看作”；B選項(xiàng)ranklike非詞組，rankin非詞組；C選項(xiàng)rankin非詞組，rankas“列為；看作”；D選項(xiàng)rankfor非詞組，rankin非詞組。句意：地震和森林火災(zāi)排名______，洪水和龍卷風(fēng)______重大災(zāi)害。綜合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有A選項(xiàng)都可組成有意義的詞組，并且符合地震和森林火災(zāi)等級(jí)相同，洪水和龍卷風(fēng)為重大災(zāi)害的生活場景。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

WhentheBritishgovernmenttriedto

newemploymentlegislation,therewasageneralstrike.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhance

B.reinvigorate

C.attribute

D.implement

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。enhance“提高”；reinvigorate“使再振興”；attribute“歸屬，歸功于……”；implement“實(shí)施；執(zhí)行”。句意：當(dāng)英國政府試圖實(shí)施新的就業(yè)法時(shí)，發(fā)生了一場大罷工。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.問答題

TheStateAdministrationforMarketRegulation,whichlaunchedtheprobeintothee-commercegiantinDecember,chargedAlibabawithabusingitsmarketdominance.

ThewatchdogsaiditsinvestigationconcludedthatAlibabahadhinderedonlineretailinChina,affectedinnovationintheplatform-basedinterneteconomy,hurtthelawfulrightsofmerchantsanddamagedconsumers’interests.

The18.23billionyuan($2.8billion)fineonAlibabaGroupHoldingLtd.wasequivalenttofourpercentofAlibaba’sdomesticsalesin2019,accordingtotheSaturdaystatement.Thecompany’searningsreportshoweditregisteredprofitsofabout$12billioninthelastthreemonthsof2020.

Theannouncementisthelatestdevelopmentinthegovernment’sincreasedoversightoninternetcompaniestoavoidthe“disorderlyexpansionofcapital”,curbingbehaviorsuchaseither-orchoicesformerchantsbetweene-commerceplatforms,andpricegougingonregularcustomersviabigdata.

LastDecember,China’santitrustregulatorsmadepublicthroughastatementthedecisiontofine,foranamountof500,000yuan,threeofthecountry’slargesttechnologycompaniesforfailingtodisclosethepurchasesofsmallercompetitors,escalatingthelevelofenforcementagainsteverykindofmonopolisticcorporatebehaviorthataffectsconsumers’interests.

ThecompanieshitbythedecisionareAlibabaInvestment,whichinthreedealsfailedtoobtainapprovalfortheacquisitionofdepartmentstoreoperatorIntimeRetailGroup;Tencent,whichthroughitssubsidiaryChinaLiteraturefailedtoreporttheacquisitionofNewClassicMedia;andSFHolding,whichacquiredacompetitorpreviouslyownedbyChinaPostCorp.

AsisthecasewithAlibaba’sinvestmentandlaterprivatizationofIntime,thefinesrefertodealsconcludedasearlyas2014,leadingtoagreatdealofconcernforChinesetechgiantsfacingretroactivepenaltiesaswellasthepotentialamendmentofthepenaltyamountintheupcomingantitrustlaw.ConsideringthenumberofacquisitionsthatbothAlibabaandTencenthaveconductedovertheyears,thiscouldposeseriousconsequences.

Strengtheninganti-monopolysupervisionhasbecomeaglobaltrend,EconomicDailyreportedonMonday.Antitrustlawenforcementagenciesincountriesandeconomiesintheworldhavetakentoughregulatorystancesandrestrictivemeasuresononlineplatforms.

Accordingtoincompletestatistics,thereportsaid,technologybehemothslikeGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazonhavebeendeeplyinvolvedinantitrustinvestigationsintheworldduringthepastfouryears.Amongthem,Googlefaced27cases,AmazonandAppleboth22cases,andFacebook13cases.

Thevoicesagainstbigtechcompaniesnevercease.Theyaredeemedtohavetoomuchpower

—toomuchpoweroveroureconomy,oursociety,andourdemocracy.Theyhavebulldozedcompetition,usedourprivateinformationforprofit,andtiltedtheplayingfieldagainsteveryoneelse.Andintheprocess,theyhavehurtsmallbusinessesandstifledinnovation.

Thegrowingimportanceoftechnologyinthedevelopmentofmoderneconomies,andasacontributortonationalGDPintheageofCovid-19,nowrequiresthemaximumleveloflegislativeinterventionfromeverycountry'sgovernmentthroughanappropriatetrade-offthatencouragestechcompaniestogrowandinnovate,whileguaranteeinganopenandfairmarketenvironment,whichisthebasisofsocialandeconomicstability.

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheabovetext.

1)Whyisthewholeworldsoworriedabouttheplatform-basedinternetgiants?(10points)

2)DoyouthinkweneedmoreantitrustlawstoregulatethemarketcompetitionorsimplybreakupthosetechgiantsunderthecontextofCovid-19?Justifyyouropinions.(20points)

【答案】1)Becausetheplatform-basedinternetgiantsaredeemedtohavetoomuchpower—toomuchpoweroveroureconomy,oursociety,andourdemocracy.Theyhavebulldozedcompetition,usedourprivateinformationforprofit,andtiltedtheplayingfieldagainsteveryoneelse.Andintheprocess,theyhavehurtsmallbusinessesandstifledinnovation.

2)IagreewiththeideathatintheageofCovid-19,nowrequiresthemaximumleveloflegislativeinterventionfromeverycountry’sgovernmentthroughanappropriatetrade-offthatencouragestechcompaniestogrowandinnovate,whileguaranteeinganopenandfairmarketenvironment,whichisthebasisofsocialandeconomicstability.Inrecentyears,platform-basedinternetgiantshavemadepositivecontributionstomeetconsumers’needsanddrivehigh-qualityeconomicdevelopment.However,withtheuncontrollabletrendofthosetechgiants,theabuseofmarketdominanceisontherise.Aseriesofproblems,suchasrestrictingcompetition,pricediscriminationandharmingtherightsandinterestsofconsumers,haveemerged,whichhavedestroyedtheorderofmarketcompetitionandhinderedindustryinnovation.Remediationofillegalactsthataffectfaircompetitionisconducivetopromotingthedevelopmentofeconomy.Besides,weneedmoreantitrustlawstoregulatethemarketcompetition.TheepidemichasbroughtanunprecedentedimpactonChina’seconomicandsocialdevelopment.First,theproductionandoperationofenterpriseshavebeenaffected.TheextendedSpringFestivalholidayandthedelayinresumingworkhavereducedthenumberofworkingdays,andrestrictionsontransportationinsomeprovincesandcitieshavealsoaffectedthemovementofpeopleandgoodsneededforproduction.Thislosshasalreadybeenreflectedinfirst-quarterGDPgrowth.Second,sincethebeginningofthisyear,consumerspendingonretailsales,catering,tourismandotherareashasdroppedsignificantly.Theepidemichasalsohadaprofoundimpactonthebehaviorofeconomicentities,especiallyconsumerswhomayspendlessoftimeinshoppingmalls,cinemasandothercrowdedplaces.Therefore,weneedmoreantitrustlawunderthissituationforitcanhelptodevelopafair,unified,andopenmarketcompetitionsystem,whichisconducivetothehealthydevelopmentofthesocialeconomyandthefundamentalprotectionoftherightsandinterestsofconsumers.

9.單選題

Theboycyclinginthestreetwasknockeddownbyaminibusandreceived（）injuries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fatal

B.excessive

C.disastrous

D.exaggerated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在街上，騎車的男孩被一輛小型客車撞倒，生命垂危。

考查形容詞辨析。fatal致命的，災(zāi)難性的，重大的，決定性的。excessive極度的，過分的;disastrous災(zāi)難性的，損失慘重的;exaggerate夸大的，言過其實(shí)的。就前面句意“騎車的男孩被一輛小型客車撞倒”可知A正確。

10.單選題

Exerciseseemstobenefitthebrainpowerofhealthyandsick,youngandold（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alike

B.alive

C.together

D.included

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。alike同樣的；alive活著的，有生氣的；together一起；included包括在內(nèi)的。句意：運(yùn)動(dòng)似乎對他們的腦力有益，無論對健康的人、生病的人，還是年輕人、老人都一樣。A項(xiàng)符合句意，答案A。

11.單選題

Ifsheisstupid,she’s（）pleasanttolookat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atanyrate

B.bychance

C.ataloss

D.bytheway

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。atanyrate“無論如何，至少”；bychance“偶然，意外地”；ataloss“困惑不解”；bytheway“順便說說，順便問一下”。句意：即使她很愚笨，至少她很好看。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

ThestudentscanhardlyspeaksimpleEnglish，（）writearticlesinthatlanguage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchlesstheycan

B.muchlesstheydo

C.muchlesscanthey

D.muchlessdothey

【答案】C

【解析】考查部分倒裝。當(dāng)notonly,nosooner,notonly...（butalso）,hardly，innoway，little,less,scarcely,seldom,never等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首吋，句子用部分倒裝。故先排除AB兩項(xiàng)；再由前句說到“學(xué)生沒有說簡單英語的能力”，可知后半句也要用can。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：這些學(xué)生幾乎不會(huì)說簡單英語，更不用說用這種語言寫文章了。

13.單選題

Beingoutofwork,Lanecannolonger（）friendstodinnersandmoviesassheusedto.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.urge

B.treat

C.appeal

D.compel

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。urge“催促”；treat“對待，款待，請客”；appeal“呼吁，懇求，上訴”compel“強(qiáng)迫，迫使”。句意：因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在沒有工作，Lane不能再像以前那樣請她的朋友們吃晚餐，看電影了。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Inthe1930s,whenmillionsofcomicbookswere______theyoungwithfightingandkilling,nobodyseemedtonoticethattheviolenceofcarsinthestreetswasmorehysterical.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inundating

B.imitating

C.immolating

D.insulating

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inundating“泛濫；使充滿”；B選項(xiàng)imitating“模仿”；C選項(xiàng)immolating“獻(xiàn)祭；犧牲”；D選項(xiàng)insulating“隔離”。句意：在20世紀(jì)30年代，數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的漫畫書______年輕人的戰(zhàn)斗和殺戮，似乎沒有人注意到，街道上的汽車暴力比這更歇斯底里。根據(jù)語境，這里是漫畫書里有很多年輕人的暴力因素，所以inundating“泛濫；使充滿”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

6.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toqueueforaticket.

B.Totakeman’soffer.

C.Tobuyaticketonline.

D.Totryanagency.

【答案】C

【解析】W:I’mfindingitdifficulttogetthetraintogethomefortheSpringFestival.Lastyear,Istoodfor24hoursfromBeijingtoChengdu.So,Ineedaseatthisyear.Anyideas?

M:Youcantrygoingonline.Iknowthereareafewsitesthatoffertickets.

W:That'sworththetry.Thanks.

Q:Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?

【解析】態(tài)度方向題。男士推薦網(wǎng)上購票，女士說：That’sworththetry，因此女士可能會(huì)采納建議。

16.單選題

Inorderto（）agoodknowledgeofEnglish,hegaveuphisjobandwenttostudyinanEnglishschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.require

B.inquire

C.acquire

D.address

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)require“需要，要求”；B選項(xiàng)inquire“詢問”；C選項(xiàng)acquire“獲得”；D選項(xiàng)address“演說，致辭”。句意：為了獲得英語知識(shí)，他放棄了工作，到一所英語學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

17.單選題

（

）muchhasbeenknownaboutmammarycancer,theprecisewaytocureofitstillremainslargelyintherealmoftesting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.While

B.Since

C.Because

D.When

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。while在這里的意思為“盡管”；since“因?yàn)?；由于，既然”，because“因?yàn)椤保粀hen“當(dāng)……”。根據(jù)句子意思推斷選項(xiàng)A最符合題意。句意為：盡管我們對于乳腺癌了解很多，但是關(guān)于治療的最精準(zhǔn)的方法仍處于測試階段。

18.單選題

Whenthelawyeraskedhimhisreasonforthedivorceeherepliedthathecouldnolongerbearhercarping（

）himabouthisdrinkingtoomuch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.to

C.at

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。carpatsb.“對某人挑剔”。句意：當(dāng)律師問他離婚的原因時(shí)，他回答不能再忍受她挑剔他酗酒。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

19.單選題

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegestureweareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat“Gift”meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandcultureblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably____.

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir____.

3.IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans____.

4.Americanpeopleignoreculturaldifferencesindifferencesintheircountriesbecause____.

5.AccordingtotheauthorAmericans’culturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standstill

B.stepforward

C.jumpaside

D.drawback

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

C.casualmanners

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrier

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives.

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theycanafforditwithpowerfuleconomyandgreatwealth

B.theyareaggressivebynatureandproudoftheirownculture

C.peopleinothercountriesrespecttheAmericanculture

D.peopleinotherculturesareparticularlytolerant

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.affecttheirimageinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably____.由此可以推斷，如果中東人太靠近美國人，美國人很可能會(huì)___。

A.standstillA.站著不動(dòng)

B.stepforward?B.前進(jìn)

C.jumpasideC.跳到一邊

D.drawback?D.后退

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Americans和MiddleEasterners定位到原文第2段。本段最后兩句提到美國人“喜歡與他人保持至少3英尺或一臂的距離（atleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers）”，而“中東人喜歡靠近和接觸（MiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch）讓美國人很不舒服（makesAmericansuncomfortable）”。由此可知，如果中東人靠近美國人，美國人因?yàn)樽约旱牧?xí)慣，應(yīng)該會(huì)站遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)，別人靠近，那么他可能會(huì)后退，D選項(xiàng)“后退”，符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“站著不動(dòng)”，不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)“前進(jìn)”，不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“跳到一邊”，“跳”這個(gè)動(dòng)作反應(yīng)過度，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir____.作者舉了很多例子來批評美國人的____。

A.culturalself-centerednessA.文化中心主義

B.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitorsB.對外國游客的冷漠

C.casualmannersC.隨意的態(tài)度

D.arrogancetowardsotherculturesD.對其他文化的傲慢

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞manyexamples可定位到原文第4段，本段列舉了很多美國國內(nèi)的例子，來說明美國人“對外國游客的需要幾乎不作讓步（makefewconcessions）”。至于原因，作者在原文第3段第1句提到了美國人的“文化無知（cultureblindness）”以及“對待其他國家文化的不用心（thecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries）”；在原文第6段又提到了美國人“文化和語言的無知（culturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance）”。由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“文化中心主義”可以更好地概括原文提到的這些內(nèi)容。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“對外國游客的冷漠”，只是原文中提到的一點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“隨意的態(tài)度”，只是原文中提到的一點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“對其他文化的傲慢”，只是原文中提到的一點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans____.大多數(shù)美國人在其他國家____。

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeopleA.被當(dāng)?shù)厝斯铝?/p>

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrierB.由于語言障礙信息不通

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenativesC.和當(dāng)?shù)厝讼嗵幍煤芎?/p>

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurantsD.酒店及餐廳需要翻譯

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Incountriesotherthantheirown定位到原文第5段。本段第1句提到“美國人出國時(shí)（goabroad），傾向于聚集在說英語的酒店和餐館（clusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken）。我們獲取的態(tài)度和信息是由那些說英語的本土人決定的（areconditionedbythosenativeswhospeakEnglish）?！庇纱丝芍绹顺鰢?，因?yàn)椴欢?dāng)?shù)氐恼Z言，只能從說英語的人那里獲取信息，B選項(xiàng)“由于語言障礙信息不通”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“被當(dāng)?shù)厝斯铝ⅰ保牟⑽刺峒?，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“和當(dāng)?shù)厝讼嗵幍煤芎谩保牟⑽刺峒?，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“酒店及餐廳需要翻譯”，可定位到原文第5段最后一句，該句提到“商業(yè)往來（businessdealings），以及國家的外交（thenation’sdiplomacy），都是通過翻譯進(jìn)行的”，由此可知，原文并沒有提到“酒店和餐廳”，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Americanpeopleignoreculturaldifferencesindifferencesintheircountriesbecause____.美國人忽視他們與其他國家的文化差異是因?yàn)開___。

A.theycanafforditwithpowerfuleconomyandgreatwealthA.他們承擔(dān)得起，因?yàn)樗麄冇袕?qiáng)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)和巨大的財(cái)富

B.theyareaggressivebynatureandproudoftheirowncultureB.他們生性好斗，對自己的文化感到自豪

C.peopleinothercountriesrespecttheAmericancultureC.其他國家的人尊重美國文化

D.peopleinotherculturesareparticularlytolerantD.其他文化背景的人特別寬容

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Americanpeopleignoreculturaldifferencesindifferencesintheircountries定位到原文第6段，該段提到“多年來，美國人和美國人即使文化無知和語言無知也可以過得去（getbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance）。畢竟，美國是自由世界中最強(qiáng)大的國家（themostpowerfulcountry），是所需資金和物資的分配者（thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods）。”由此可知，這么多年，美國之所以能夠忽視與其他國家之間的文化差異，是因?yàn)橛袕?qiáng)大的國力在背后做支撐，A選項(xiàng)“他們承擔(dān)得起，因?yàn)樗麄冇袕?qiáng)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)和巨大的財(cái)富”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“他們生性好斗，對自己的文化感到自豪”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“其他國家的人尊重美國文化”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“其他文化背景的人特別寬容”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtotheauthorAmericans’culturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill____.根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，美國人的文化無知和語言無知將____。

A.affecttheirimageintheneweraA.影響他們在新時(shí)代的形象

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworldB.切斷自己與外界的聯(lián)系

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairsC.限制他們在國際事務(wù)中的作用

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollarD.削弱美元的地位

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)第4題可知，原文第6段提到了“多年來，美國人和美國人即使文化無知和語言無知也可以過得去”，而原文第7段第1句提到“但這一切都過去了?！庇纱丝芍?，本題的答案應(yīng)該在第7段。第7段第2句提到“美元不再能買到所有的好東西，我們開始慢慢意識(shí)到我們在世界上的適當(dāng)角色正在發(fā)生變化（ourproperroleintheworldischanging）?！钡?段最后一句提到“大多數(shù)美國人希望美國在國際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更重要的作用（playamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs），想要參與下個(gè)世紀(jì)的重要決策（haveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury）?！备鶕?jù)原文邏輯，以前，經(jīng)濟(jì)力量強(qiáng)大，文化上無知也不影響美國的發(fā)展；但是美元的地位降低，美國在國際社會(huì)中的作用也發(fā)生改變，由此推斷，美國不能夠再像以前一樣，對別的國家的語言文化一無所知。原文又提到了美國人希望美國在未來的國際事務(wù)決策中也能占一席之地，既然是希望，說明如果美國保持文化現(xiàn)狀，也許就實(shí)現(xiàn)不了了。由此推斷，美國的文化無知和語言無知，限制了他們在國際事務(wù)中的作用，C選項(xiàng)“限制他們在國際事務(wù)中的作用”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“影響他們在新時(shí)代的形象”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“切斷自己與外界的聯(lián)系”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“削弱美元的地位”，原文雖然提到了美元地位的下降，但這并不是美國的文化無知和語言無知導(dǎo)致的，該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過度。

20.單選題

Beforemanypeoplebuyacar,atelevisionorawashingmachine,theyshoparoundforthebestdeal.Yet,whensomeofthesepeoplefindthemselvesinapositioninwhichasecondmedicalopinionisagoodidea——whenfacingadifficultoperation,forexample,——theyareunwillingtogofurther.Sometimesitdoesn'tmatter.Butsometimesitcanleadtothewrongtreatment,evendeath.

Anumberofpsychologicalroadblocksgetinthewayofsecondmedicalopinions,butoneofthemostcommonisthefearofhurtingthefeelingsofthedoctors,andthepossibleresultofthat.Peoplemaythinkthatinbringingupthattheywanttogetasecondopinionthey'requestioningthedoctor'sability,sointheinterestofnothurtingthefeelingofhimtheydon'tsuggestit.

Anotherreasonpeopleavoidgettingasecondopinionisfearoftheseconddoctorgivingthemworsenewsthanthefirst.SaysBalyk:"Youfearthatifyougofor,say,aningrowntoenail,he'lltellyouthatthetoemustcomeoff."Themostimportantconsiderationisthatit'sinyourselfinteresttogetanotheropinion—anditmaynotbeworse.

Then,mostpeopletrust,evengivegreatrespecttotheirdoctors,andregardthemaswithgodlikequalities.Sotheytrusttheirdoctorisright,anddon'taskforasecondopinion.Infact,itdoesn'tevenoccurtothemthattheyshoulD.Butyoushouldrememberthatthedoctorisahumanbeing—justlikeyou.

Andsometimes,whenpeoplearesick,theybecomechildlike.Theyputalltypesofgoodfeelingsontothedoctorandjustlethimtakeover.Atothertimes,obtainingthatsecondopinionjustseemsliketoomuchwork.

Butremember,sometimesgettingthatsecondmedicalopinioncanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.

1.Fromboththefirstandthelastparagraphswecaninferthattheauthormaywanttosuggestthat（）.

2.Whyaresomepatientsafraidofhurtingthedoctor'sfeelings?

3.Anotherreasonsomepatientsdon'twanttogetasecondmedicalopinionisthat（）.

4.InParagraph5,by"sometimeswhenpeoplearesick,theybecomechildlike"theauthormeansthat（）.

5.Thelastword"work"inParagraph5mayprobablybeclosestinmeaningto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oneshouldchooseahospitalcarefullywhenill

B.oneshouldthinkseriouslybeforemakingamedicaldecision

C.oneshouldneverbeafraidofquestioningthedoctor'sopinion

D.asecondmedicalopinionisabsolutelynecessary

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfearthatifsosomethingunhappywillhappen.

B.Theyfearthatthedoctormayletthemaloneafterthat.

C.Theyfearthedoctormayintentionallygivethemwrongtreatments.

D.Theyhavebeentaughttorespectdoctorsinthisway.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyareusedtotreatingdoctorsasgodsineveryaspect

B.otherpeoplewilllookonthemasmadiftheydoso

C.theythinkitiswrongtodoubtthedoctor'sopinion

D.doctorsusuallydon'thaveasecondopiniontooffer

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.whenpeoplearesick,theybehaveineverywaylikeachild

B.whenpeoplearesick,theybecomeunreasonable

C.whenpeoplearesick,theyaretoolazytotakecareofthemselves

D.whenpeoplearesick