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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中山大學(xué)南方學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
ThisdictionaryisforpeoplewhowanttousemodernEnglish.ItoffersaccurateanddetailedinformationonthewaymodernEnglishisusedinallkindsofcommunication.ItisausefulguidetowritingandspeakingEnglishaswellasanaidtoreadingandunderstanding.
Thisdictionarylooksratherlikemostothersifyoudon’tlooktooclosely.Actuallyitisquitenewanddifferent.Thetechniquesusedtocompileitarenewandadvancedcomputertechnology.Fortheuser,thekindofinformationisdifferent,thequalityofinformationisdifferent,andthepresentationoftheinformationisdifferent.
Forthefirsttime,adictionaryhasbeencompiledbythethoroughexaminationofarepresentativegroupofEnglishtexts,spokenandwritten,runningtomanymillionsofwords.Thismeansthatinadditiontoallthetoolsoftheconventionaldictionarymakers—widereadingandexperienceofEnglish,otherdictionariesandofcourseeyesandears—thisdictionaryisbasedonhard,measurableevidence.Nomajorusesaremissed,andthenumberoftimesauseoccurshasastronginfluenceonthewaytheentriesareorganized.Equally,thelargegroupoftexts,calledthecorpus,givesusreasonablegroundsforomittingmanyusesandword-formsthatdonotoccurinit.Itisdifficultforaconventionaldictionary,intheabsenceofevidence,todecidewhattoleaveout,andalotofquitemisleadinginformationisthuspreservedinthetraditionoflexicography.
Thisdictionarymakesabreakwithsuchtraditions.Wehavegonebacktobasicsandcollectedmanymillionsofwords,andputthemintoaverylargecomputer,thedictionaryteamhashaddailyaccesstoabout20millionwords,withmanymoreinspecializedstores.Thewordscamefrombooks,magazines,newspapers,pamphlets,leaflets,conversation,radioandtelevisionbroadcasts.Thesourcesaregratefullyacknowledgedonpagexxii.TheaimwastoprovideafairrepresentationofcontemporaryEnglish.
Nosetoftexts,howeverlarge,canbefullyreliedon;allthetimetheinformationfromthetextshasbeenanalyzedandappraisedbyateamoflexicographers,whoseprofessionalknowledgehasalsobeenusedwhereverthereisonlyasmallamountofevidenceoftheusageofawordorphrase.
Thequalityofinformationinthisdictionaryisdifferentfromothers.Withourtextualevidenceitispossibletobepreciseabouttheshapeofphrasesandtheextentoftheirvariation;therelativeimportanceofdifferentsensesofaword;andthetypicalenvironmentinwhichawordorphraseisused.Evenwhenstatementslikethisarealreadyfamiliar,theyaremadewithadifferentkindofauthorityinthisbook.
1.Accordingtothepassage,thisdictionarydiffersfrommostothers,exceptin______.
2.Thisdictionarydiffersfromatraditionaloneinthatthecompilers______.
3.ThisdictionarydoesNOTclaimtoinclude______.
4.Inthepassage,theauthormainlyemphasizesthedifferenceindata______.
5.Thewholepassageis______thedictionary.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.theuseofadvancedtechnology
B.thequalityofinformation
C.thequalityofprinting
D.theuseofmeasurableevidence
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.collectrelevantdata
B.countwordfrequencies
C.readaswidelyaspossible
D.refertoexistingdictionaries
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.alltheexistingwords
B.frequentlyusedwords
C.modernusageofwords
D.awidecoverageofwords
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.collecting
B.presenting
C.preserving
D.processing
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.auser’sguideto
B.anintroductionto
C.aresearchessayon
D.anadvertisementfor
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
1.Accordingtothepassage,thisdictionarydiffersfrommostothers,exceptin______.1.根據(jù)這篇文章,除了在______之外,這本詞典不同于其他大多數(shù)詞典。
A.theuseofadvancedtechnologyA.在使用先進(jìn)技術(shù)方面
B.thequalityofinformationB.信息的質(zhì)量
C.thequalityofprintingC.印刷質(zhì)量
D.theuseofmeasurableevidenceD.使用可衡量的證據(jù)
【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“編寫(xiě)這本詞典所使用的是新的和先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)。對(duì)于使用者來(lái)說(shuō),信息的種類(lèi)不同,信息的質(zhì)量不同,信息的呈現(xiàn)方式也不同。”可知,這本詞典在信息種類(lèi)、質(zhì)量、呈現(xiàn)方式以及編纂時(shí)使用的先進(jìn)技術(shù)方面與其他詞典不同;然后根據(jù)第三段第二句“這意味著,除了傳統(tǒng)詞典編纂者使用的所有工具外(包括廣泛的英語(yǔ)閱讀和經(jīng)驗(yàn),其他詞典,當(dāng)然還有眼睛和耳朵),這本詞典還基于確鑿的、可衡量的證據(jù)”可知,這本詞典不同于其他大多數(shù)詞典還在于其確鑿的、可衡量的證據(jù),只有C項(xiàng)“印刷質(zhì)量”在文章中是沒(méi)有提到的,所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“在使用先進(jìn)技術(shù)方面”、B項(xiàng)“信息的質(zhì)量”和D項(xiàng)“使用可衡量的證據(jù)”根據(jù)解題思路可知,這三項(xiàng)都是這本詞典不同于其他大多數(shù)詞典的地方,屬于反向干擾。
2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
2.Thisdictionarydiffersfromatraditionaloneinthatthecompilers______.2.這本詞典與傳統(tǒng)詞典的不同之處在于它的編纂者_(dá)_____。
A.collectrelevantdataA.收集相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)
B.countwordfrequenciesB.計(jì)算詞頻
C.readaswidelyaspossibleC.盡可能廣泛地閱讀
D.refertoexistingdictionariesD.參考的是現(xiàn)有的詞典
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段二三句“這意味著,除了傳統(tǒng)詞典編纂者使用的所有工具外(包括廣泛的英語(yǔ)閱讀和經(jīng)驗(yàn),其他詞典,當(dāng)然還有眼睛和耳朵),這本詞典還基于確鑿的、可衡量的證據(jù)。沒(méi)有遺漏任何主要的用法,并且一種用法出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)(thenumberoftimes)對(duì)詞目的組織方式有很大的影響。”可知,與傳統(tǒng)詞典不同,這本詞典除了使用傳統(tǒng)詞典編纂者使用的所有工具外,還基于大量確鑿的證據(jù),并且沒(méi)有遺漏詞匯的任何主要用法,而且其用法頻率對(duì)編輯詞目的結(jié)構(gòu)有影響,也就是說(shuō)這本詞典計(jì)算了詞匯的用法頻率,但傳統(tǒng)詞典編纂者沒(méi)有這樣計(jì)算,故B項(xiàng)“計(jì)算詞頻”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“收集相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)”和C項(xiàng)“盡可能廣泛地閱讀”根據(jù)解題思路可知,這兩項(xiàng)都是這本詞典與傳統(tǒng)詞典編纂者使用到的方法,屬于反向干擾;
D項(xiàng)“參考的是現(xiàn)有的詞典”在原文沒(méi)有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有。
3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
3.ThisdictionarydoesNOTclaimtoinclude______.3.這本詞典并沒(méi)有聲稱(chēng)包括______。
A.alltheexistingwordsA.所有現(xiàn)存的單詞
B.frequentlyusedwordsB.常用詞匯
C.modernusageofwordsC.詞匯的現(xiàn)代用法
D.awidecoverageofwordsD.廣泛的詞匯
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】定位至第四段的內(nèi)容,根據(jù)第二三句“我們回到了基礎(chǔ),收集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)個(gè)單詞,并把它們放進(jìn)一個(gè)非常大容量的電腦里,詞典編撰團(tuán)隊(duì)每天可以接觸到大約2000萬(wàn)個(gè)單詞,還有更多的單詞在專(zhuān)門(mén)的儲(chǔ)存庫(kù)里。這些詞匯來(lái)自書(shū)籍、雜志、報(bào)紙、小冊(cè)子、傳單、對(duì)話(huà)、廣播和電視廣播?!笨芍?,這本詞典收集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)個(gè)單詞,這些詞匯都是平常人們能夠接觸到、聽(tīng)到或用到的,包括書(shū)籍、雜志、報(bào)紙、電視廣播等,也就是說(shuō)這本詞典包括了廣泛的詞匯,且詞匯來(lái)自于人們?nèi)粘V兴佑|到的事物中,綜合理解推斷這本詞典包括廣泛的常用詞匯即它的現(xiàn)代用法,只有A項(xiàng)“所有現(xiàn)存的單詞”在文中并沒(méi)有提到,且該項(xiàng)表述太絕對(duì),但符合題干。所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“常用詞匯”、C項(xiàng)“詞匯的現(xiàn)代用法”和D項(xiàng)“廣泛的詞匯”根據(jù)解題思路可知,這三項(xiàng)是這本詞典聲稱(chēng)包括的內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。
4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
4.Inthepassage,theauthormainlyemphasizesthedifferenceindata______.4.在文章中,作者主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了數(shù)據(jù)______的差異。
A.collectingA.收集
B.presentingB.呈現(xiàn)
C.preservingC.保存
D.processingD.處理
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】第二段第三句指出“編寫(xiě)這本詞典所使用的是新的和先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)”可知,這本詞典與傳統(tǒng)詞典不同的地方在于使用的是先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù);接著第三段三四五句提到“沒(méi)有遺漏任何主要的用法,并且一種用法出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)對(duì)詞目的組織方式有很大的影響。同樣,被稱(chēng)為語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的大量文本給我們提供了合理的理由,可以省略許多不在其中出現(xiàn)的用法和詞形。在缺乏證據(jù)的情況下,傳統(tǒng)詞典很難決定刪去哪些信息,因此許多極具誤導(dǎo)性的信息在詞典編纂的傳統(tǒng)中被保留了下來(lái)?!笨芍?,這本詞典使用的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)能夠計(jì)算詞頻,且省略了許多沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)的用法和詞性,但傳統(tǒng)詞典卻做不到這樣;綜合理解我們可以推斷,作者在這里主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了這本詞典與傳統(tǒng)詞典之間數(shù)據(jù)處理的差異,所以D項(xiàng)“處理”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“收集”,文中沒(méi)有對(duì)比這本詞典和傳統(tǒng)詞典收集數(shù)據(jù)的不同,該項(xiàng)曲解原文;
B項(xiàng)“呈現(xiàn)”和C項(xiàng)“保存”在文中沒(méi)有具體依據(jù),屬于無(wú)中生有。
5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
5.Thewholepassageis______thedictionary.5.整篇文章都是詞典的______。
A.auser’sguidetoA.使用者指南
B.anintroductiontoB.介紹
C.aresearchessayonC.研究論文
D.anadvertisementforD.廣告
【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。
【解題思路】通讀全文可知,前兩段先介紹這本詞典與其他詞典的不同之處,后面四段主要講述這本詞典是如何使用可靠和確鑿的文本證據(jù),文章最后一句指出“即使像這樣的陳述已經(jīng)很熟悉了,但在這本書(shū)中,它們被賦予了不同的權(quán)威”;綜合理解可知,整篇文章主要內(nèi)容是介紹這本詞典不同于其他傳統(tǒng)詞典之處,所以B項(xiàng)“介紹”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“使用者指南”,原文沒(méi)有提到教我們?nèi)绾问褂眠@本詞典,該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有;
C項(xiàng)“研究論文”,原文沒(méi)有表達(dá)任何研究成果,通篇都是介紹這本詞典的特別之處,該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有;
D項(xiàng)“廣告”,原文并沒(méi)有表達(dá)讓讀者購(gòu)買(mǎi)這本詞典的依據(jù),該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。
2.單選題
Sincetheendofthewar,asemblanceof()hasgraduallyreturnedwithpeoplegoingtoworkandshopsreopening.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.normalization
B.norm
C.normative
D.normality
【答案】D
【解析】語(yǔ)法和形近詞辨析。根據(jù)asemblanceof可知,空格應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞,所以選項(xiàng)C可排除。normalization“正?;徽?guī)化”,norm“標(biāo)準(zhǔn),規(guī)范”;normality“常態(tài)”。句意:自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束以來(lái),隨著人們?nèi)ド习嗪鸵恍┥痰甑闹匦麻_(kāi)張,表面上漸漸地恢復(fù)了正常狀態(tài)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
3.單選題
Effortsshouldbemadetocultivateabusinessandlegalenvironment_____faircompetitionbetweennationalindustriesandforeign-fundedenterprises.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.facilitate
B.facilitated
C.facilitating
D.tofacilitate
【答案】D
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:我們要著力營(yíng)造良好的貿(mào)易和法制環(huán)境,以便促進(jìn)民族產(chǎn)業(yè)與外資企業(yè)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。A選項(xiàng)facilitate動(dòng)詞原形;B選項(xiàng)facilitated過(guò)去分詞,表被動(dòng);C選項(xiàng)facilitating現(xiàn)在分詞,表主動(dòng);D選項(xiàng)tofacilitate不定式,表目的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,營(yíng)造良好的氛圍是為了促進(jìn)發(fā)展,D選項(xiàng)tofacilitate符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Someareasofthemoonaresofullofcraters()anextremelyroughsurface.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.thattheypresent
B.presenting
C.whichpresent
D.topresent
【答案】C
【解析】考查從句。空格后anextremelyroughsurface(極其粗糙的表面)是修飾空格前名詞craters(火山口),句意:月球的某些區(qū)域充滿(mǎn)了環(huán)形山,呈現(xiàn)出極其粗糙的表面。因此C選項(xiàng)正確,構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)從句,從句的引導(dǎo)詞which在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ);A選項(xiàng)代入后成為同位語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句是解釋說(shuō)明之前的詞,在這里不符合句意;現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表示被修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,表示被修飾名詞的特征,B選項(xiàng)排除;動(dòng)詞不定式修飾物表示某物要做某事,D選項(xiàng)排除;因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
InruralAmerica,theyearwasarrangedaroundthegrowingseason.Now,only3percentoffamiliesfollowtheagriculturalmodel,butnearlyallschoolsarescheduledasisourchildrenwenthomeearlytomilkthecowsandtookmonthsoffToworkthecrops.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.在美國(guó)農(nóng)村,時(shí)間是根據(jù)生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)來(lái)安排的。現(xiàn)在雖然只有3%的家庭從事農(nóng)業(yè),但幾乎所有的學(xué)校的校歷安排似乎是我們的孩子們?cè)缭缁丶抑皇侨D牛奶或是幾個(gè)月不上學(xué)去地里種莊稼。
B.在美國(guó)農(nóng)村,一年是根據(jù)農(nóng)時(shí)來(lái)安排的。現(xiàn)在雖然只有3%的家庭從事農(nóng)業(yè),但幾乎所有的學(xué)校的時(shí)間安排似乎是我們的孩子們?cè)缭缁丶沂侨D牛奶或是花上幾個(gè)月時(shí)間去地里種莊稼。
C.在美國(guó)農(nóng)村,上學(xué)時(shí)間是根據(jù)農(nóng)時(shí)來(lái)決定的?,F(xiàn)在雖然只有3%的家庭從事農(nóng)業(yè),但幾乎所有的學(xué)校的校歷安排似乎是讓孩子們?cè)缭缁丶胰D牛奶或是花上幾個(gè)月時(shí)間去地里種莊稼。
【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)句意可知“growingseason”不是直譯為生長(zhǎng)季節(jié),而是指“農(nóng)時(shí)”,所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A;這里的theyear指的是“上學(xué)時(shí)間”,所以選項(xiàng)C最為恰當(dāng)。
6.單選題
Themicroscopecan(
)theobject50timesindiameter.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.increase
B.multiply
C.enlarge
D.magnify
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。increase“增加;加大”;multiply“乘;使增加;使繁殖;使相乘”;enlarge“擴(kuò)大;使增大;擴(kuò)展”;magnify“放大;夸大”。句意:顯微鏡可以使物體在直徑上放大50倍。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
7.單選題
Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.Forexample,theymustmakesuretheyconstructmeasuresthataremeaningfulforeachoftheculturalorethnicminoritygroupsbeingstudied.
Inconductingresearchoncultureandethnicminorityissues,investigatorsdistinguishbetweentheemicapproachandtheeticapproach.Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandwittothePeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.Ifresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinanemicfashion,theirconcernisonlythatthequestionsaremeaningfultotheparticularcultureorethnicgroupbeingstudied.If,however,theresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theywanttoincludequestionsthatreflectconceptsfamiliartoallculturesinvolved.
Howmighttheemicandeticapproachesbereflectedinthestudyoffamilyprocesses?Intheemicapproach,theresearchersmightchoosetofocusonlyonmiddle-classWhitefamilies,withoutregardforwhethertheinformationobtainedinthestudycanbegeneralizedorisappropriateforethicminoritygroups.Inasubsequentstudytheresearchersmaydecidetoadoptaneticapproachbystudyingnotonlymiddle-class,Whitefamilies,butalsolower-incomeWhitefamilies,BlackAmericanfamilies,SpanishAmericanfamilies,andAsianAmericanfamilies.Instudyinginethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.Ifso,theemicapproachwouldrevealadifferentpatternoffamilyinteractionthanwouldtheeticapproach,documentingthatresearchwithmiddle-classWhitefamiliescannotalwaysbegeneralizedtoallethnicgroups.
1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,researchersunfamiliarwiththetargetculturesareinclinedto(
).
2.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheemicapproachandtheeticapproach?
3.Comparedwiththeeticapproach,theemicapproachisapparentlymore
(
).
4.Theeticapproachisconcernedwith
(
).
5.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheethnicminorityfamiliesintheU.S.accordingtothepassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.beovercautiousinconstructingmeaningfi.ilmeasures
B.viewthemfromtheirownculturalperspective
C.guardagainstinterferencefromtheirownculture
D.acceptreadilywhatisalientotheirownculture
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theyhavedifferentresearchfocusesinthestudyofethnicissues.
B.Theformerisbiasedwhilethelatterisobjective.
C.Theformerconcentratesonthestudyofculturewhilethelatteronfamilyissues.
D.Theyarebothheavilydependentonquestionnairesinconductingsurveys.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.culturallyinteractive
B.culture-oriented
C.culturallybiased
D.culture-specific
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.thegeneralcharacteristicsofminorityfamilies
B.culture-relatedconceptsofindividualethnicgroups
C.featuressharedbyvariousculturesorethnicgroups
D.theeconomicconditionsofdifferenttypesoffamilies
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Theirculturalpatternsareusuallymoreadaptable.
B.Theirculturalconceptsaredifficulttocomprehend.
C.Theydon’tinteractwitheachothersomuchasWhitefamilies.
D.TheyhavecloserfamilytiesthanWhitefamilies.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵信息定位到文章一段第一句“Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.不熟悉他們所研究的文化和種族的研究人員必須采取額外的預(yù)防措施,以擺脫他們從自己的文化帶來(lái)的任何偏見(jiàn)?!笨芍芯咳藛T很容易帶著文化偏見(jiàn)(從自己的文化角度)去研究其他文化。B選項(xiàng)“從他們自己的文化角度來(lái)看待(其他文化)”符合題意。
2.判斷推理題。theemicapproachandtheeticapproach“主位法和非位法”出現(xiàn)在第二段中,“Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandwittothePeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.在主位方法中,研究者的目標(biāo)是描述一個(gè)文化或種族群體的行為,這個(gè)行為明確對(duì)那個(gè)文化或種族群體的人來(lái)說(shuō)是有意義的或智慧的,而不考慮其他文化或種族群體。在非遺傳方法中,研究者的目標(biāo)是描述行為,以便對(duì)不同文化群里中的行為進(jìn)行歸納?!币簿褪钦f(shuō),這兩種方法的區(qū)別在于側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同,因此,A選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)民族問(wèn)題的研究重點(diǎn)不同”正確。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由上題分析可知,theemicapproach專(zhuān)注于對(duì)特定文化群體的行為進(jìn)行描述,因此D選項(xiàng)“文化特異性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“文化互動(dòng)性”;B選項(xiàng)“文化導(dǎo)向性”;C選項(xiàng)“文化偏見(jiàn)性”。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由27題分析可知,theeticapproach專(zhuān)注于比對(duì)不同文化群體的行為特征,因此C選項(xiàng)“不同文化或民族的共同特征”符合題意。
5.判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章最后一段中“Instudyinginethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.通過(guò)對(duì)少數(shù)民族家庭的研究,研究人員可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),與美國(guó)白人家庭相比,少數(shù)民族家庭的大家庭更是一個(gè)支持系統(tǒng)?!币虼?,比起白人家庭,少數(shù)民族家庭成員間的聯(lián)系應(yīng)更為緊密。因此D選項(xiàng)“他們的家庭關(guān)系比白人家庭更緊密”符合題意。
8.單選題
Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,(
)morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.haveallowed
B.allow
C.allowing
D.allows
【答案】D
【解析】考查主謂一致。通過(guò)分析句子,可知句子缺少的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ)是thegrowth,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù),選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
9.單選題
What()didtheyemploywhentheyselectedthispictureastheprize-winner?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.criterion
B.regulation
C.condition
D.testimony
【答案】A
【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:為了完成研究項(xiàng)目,教授給了
簡(jiǎn)介。explicit詳盡的,詳述的;formidable可怕的,難以對(duì)付的;afflictive令人痛苦的,苦惱的;dominant支配的,顯性的。因此,A項(xiàng)符合句意。
10.單選題
Thesenaturalresourceswillbe()soonerorlaterifthepresentrateofexploitationcontinues.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.depleted
B.deployed
C.inclined
D.mingled
【答案】A
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:如果按目前的開(kāi)采速度繼續(xù)下去,這些自然資源遲早會(huì)被的。因此A項(xiàng)depleted(耗盡)正確。
11.單選題
Theyoungwoman’sheartrevoltedagainstso()acharge,andwhenshesawthatshecouldattempttodonothingtosaveherprotector,sheweptbitterly.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.blessed
B.monstrous
C.heinous
D.grievous
【答案】C
【解析】句意:年輕的夫人堅(jiān)決地抗議這種污蔑。當(dāng)她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無(wú)力拯救保護(hù)人吋,便痛苦地哭泣起來(lái)。
考查形容詞辨析。blessed幸福的,受祝福的,神圣的;monstrous巨大的,怪異的;heinous極惡毒的,道德敗壞的,可恨的;grievous痛苦的,劇烈的。因此C符合句意。
12.單選題
Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedrivers,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers'"campaign,otherwise,itmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.
34.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgmentinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgmentsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.
However,improperpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildacrossacrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletoslopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.
Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearntofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamswithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodriveletalonebewell-manneredontheroad.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.
1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby().
2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewellmanneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule”impliesthat().
3.By“goodsense’’(Paragraph2),thewritermeans().
4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion().
5.Inthewriter’sopinion().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.people’sattitudetowardsdrivers
B.therhythmofmodernlife
C.trafficconditions
D.thebehaviorofthedriver
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists
B.rudedrierscanbemetonlyoccasionally
C.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists
D.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetherudedriver
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultconditions
B.thedriver'sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably
C.thedriver’stoleranceofhadroadconditions
D.thedriver’sacknowledgmentofpolitenessandregulations
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.riversshouldbereadytoyieldtoonanother
B.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifices
C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves
D.driverswillsufferagreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly
B.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded
C.rudeandinconsideratedriversshouldbepunished
D.driversshouldtrytheirbesttoavoidtrafficjams
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedrivers,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.將這一切歸咎于交通堵塞、汽油價(jià)格和現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏是很有道理的,但道路上的禮儀正變得可怕。你可能會(huì)容忍粗魯和不顧他人的司機(jī),但現(xiàn)在有禮貌的司機(jī)是個(gè)例外。可知作者認(rèn)為交通阻塞是由于司機(jī)的不良行為造成的,故D項(xiàng)正確。
2.推理判斷題。Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewellmanneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.你可能會(huì)容忍粗魯和不顧他人的司機(jī),但現(xiàn)在有禮貌的司機(jī)是例外。這句話(huà)的言外之意就是當(dāng)今不禮貌的司機(jī)占大多數(shù)。故C項(xiàng)正確。
3.推理判斷題。Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgmentinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.道路禮貌不僅是禮貌,也是良好的感覺(jué)。它讓頭腦最冷靜、脾氣最好的司機(jī),在遭遇不文明行為時(shí),也要抵制住報(bào)復(fù)的誘惑。另一方面,一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)禮貌就能大大緩解開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)的緊張情緒。對(duì)禮貌行為的友好點(diǎn)頭或招手有助于創(chuàng)造友好和寬容的氛圍,這在現(xiàn)代交通條件下是非常必要的。由此下文可知goodsense是指司機(jī)對(duì)于禮貌行為合理地理解并作出回應(yīng)的能力。故B項(xiàng)正確。
4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.幾年前,專(zhuān)家們警告我們,汽車(chē)擁有量的激增將要求所有道路使用者進(jìn)行更多的互讓?,F(xiàn)在是我們所有人牢記這一信息的時(shí)候了。”可知在汽車(chē)不斷增多的情況下,要求道路使用者互讓。故A項(xiàng)正確。
5.主旨大意題。本文主要講述了隨著汽車(chē)數(shù)量激增,加之司機(jī)的不禮貌的行為導(dǎo)致道路阻塞的情況很?chē)?yán)重,作者呼吁司機(jī)應(yīng)該要有禮貌,并對(duì)禮貌行為做出適當(dāng)回應(yīng)。
13.單選題
Ronny’sstepsdiedaway,andtherewasamomentof(
)silence.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.abundant
B.ample
C.absolute
D.adequate
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。abundant“豐富的,充裕的”;ample“豐富的,足夠的”;absolute“絕對(duì)的,完全的;專(zhuān)制的”;adequate“充足的”。句意:羅尼的腳步聲漸漸消失了,只剩下徹底的寂靜??崭裉幍男稳菰~是用來(lái)形容silence的程度,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
14.單選題
TheEconomistIntelligenceUnit(EIU)earnestlyattemptstomeasurewhichcountrywillprovidethebestopportunitiesforahealthy,safeandprosperouslifeintheyearsahead.Itsquality-of-lifeindex(1)theresultsofsubjectivelife-satisfactionsurveys—howhappypeoplesaytheyare—to(2)determinantsofthequalityoflifeacrosscountries.Beingrichhelpsmorethan(3)else,butitisnotallthat(4);thingslikecrime,trustinpublicinstitutionsandthehealthoffamilylifemattertoo.(5),theindextakes11statisticallysignificantindicatorsinto(6).Theyareamixedbunch:someare(7)factors,suchasgeography;otherschangeonlyveryslowly(8)time;andsomefactorsdependonpoliciesandthestateoftheworld(9).
Despitetheglobaleconomiccrisis,timeshaveincertainrespects(10)beensogood.Outputgrowthrateshavebeen(11)acrosstheworld,butincomelevelsareatornear(12)highs.Lifeexpectancycontinuesto(13)steadilyandpoliticalfreedomshavespreadacrossthe(14).Inotherways,however,thecrisishas(15)adeepimprintonunemploymentandpersonal(16).
Aftercrunchingitsnumbers,theEIUhasSwitzerlandcomfortablyinthetopspot,withAustraliasecond.Smalleconomies(17)thetopten,halfofwhichareEuropean.TheNordiccountriesshine,(18)thecrisis-riddensouthofEurope(Greece,PortugalandSpain)lagsbehind.The(19)Europeaneconomies(Germany,FranceandBritain)donotdoparticularlywell.America(20)backin16thplace.Despitetheireconomicdynamism,noneoftheBRICcountries(Brazil,Russia,IndiaandChina)scoresimpressively.Amongthe80countriescovered,Nigeriacomeslast:itistheworstplaceforababytoentertheworldin2013.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.relegates
B.adds
C.abdicates
D.links
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.prejudiced
B.objective
C.fair
D.neutral
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.anything
B.something
C.nothing
D.everything
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.counts
B.implores
C.diminished
D.wavers
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Inturn
B.Inretrospect
C.Inall
D.Inprogress
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.calculation
B.account
C.implementation
D.discount
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.settled
B.fixed
C.controlled
D.weighted
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.on
B.in
C.for
D.over
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.atmosphere
B.environment
C.economy
D.wellbeing
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.never
B.already
C.ever
D.yet
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.accelerating
B.declining
C.recovering
D.withdrawing
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.classic
B.histrionic
C.cubic
D.historic
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.increase
B.expand
C.thrive
D.expend
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.space
B.country
C.globe
D.continent
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.made
B.engraved
C.created
D.left
問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)
A.security
B.identity
C.invective
D.scourge
問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)
A.stipulate
B.distribute
C.refute
D.dominate
問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)
A.whereas
B.until
C.where
D.unless
問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)
A.highest
B.largest
C.greatest
D.richest
問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)
A.recedes
B.trails
C.languishes
D.twists
【答案】第1題:
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:C
第6題:B
第7題:B
第8題:D
第9題:C
第10題:A
第11題:B
第12題:D
第13題:A
第14題:C
第15題:D
第16題:A
第17題:D
第18題:A
第19題:B
第20題:D
【解析】(1)根據(jù)原文可知,這里是將生活滿(mǎn)意度調(diào)查結(jié)果與各國(guó)生活質(zhì)量的決定因素聯(lián)系起來(lái)。linkto意為“把...和...聯(lián)系起來(lái)”。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
(2)根據(jù)上句的“subjective”可知填空處應(yīng)該為與之對(duì)應(yīng)的“objective”。選項(xiàng)B正確。
(3)句意:富有比任何其他事情都更有用。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
(4)notallthatcounts為常見(jiàn)搭配,表示并不那么重要。
(5)Inturn輪流,依次;Inretrospect回顧;Inall總共,合計(jì);Inprogress發(fā)展中。句意:指數(shù)總共考慮了11種具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的指標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文語(yǔ)境。
(6)oaccount為固定搭配,表示“考慮某事”。
(7)根據(jù)下文的“geography”“change”可推測(cè),填空處應(yīng)該為固定的。settled一般指固定住所,所以選項(xiàng)B更恰當(dāng)。
(8)因?yàn)樽兓徛?所以over符合語(yǔ)境。overtime指“隨著時(shí)間過(guò)去”或“經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間”。選項(xiàng)D正確。
(9)文章的主題是經(jīng)濟(jì),而且根據(jù)下文的globaleconomiccrisis也可推斷出,填空處應(yīng)該為經(jīng)濟(jì)。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
(10)句意:盡管發(fā)生了全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī),但在某些方面,形勢(shì)從未像現(xiàn)在這樣好。haveneverbeen表示從來(lái)沒(méi)有...,所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
(11)根據(jù)下文的“but”和“highs”可推測(cè),前后兩句意思相反,所以填空處應(yīng)該為下降。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
(12)根據(jù)句意:全球產(chǎn)出增長(zhǎng)率一直在下降,但收人水平已經(jīng)達(dá)到或接近具有歷史意義的高度。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可以推測(cè),這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是達(dá)到前所未有的高度。所以選項(xiàng)D更符合原文。
(13)根據(jù)句意:預(yù)期壽命繼續(xù)穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文語(yǔ)境。
(14)acrosstheglobe意為“全球”。根據(jù)上文的“globaleconomic”可推測(cè),這里講的也應(yīng)該是全球性質(zhì)的而不是某個(gè)國(guó)家或區(qū)域。
(15)根據(jù)原文可知,這里指危機(jī)留下了很深的印記。選項(xiàng)D符合原文句意。
(16)personalsecurity在這里指?jìng)€(gè)人保障。原文句意:這場(chǎng)危機(jī)給失業(yè)保障和個(gè)人保障留下了很深的印記。選項(xiàng)A符合原文語(yǔ)境。
(17)原文指一些小型經(jīng)濟(jì)組織占據(jù)了前十名。dominate控制,支配,占優(yōu)勢(shì)。
(18)根據(jù)原文句意可知,前后句子形成對(duì)比,所以用whereas表轉(zhuǎn)折。選項(xiàng)A正確。
(19)根據(jù)上文的“Smalleconomies”可知,這里應(yīng)該指最大的歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)組織,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
(20)句意:美國(guó)在第十六名前后徘徊。選項(xiàng)D符合原文語(yǔ)境。
15.單選題
Withtheconstantchangeoftheconditions,theoutcomeisnotalways().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.favorable
B.predictable
C.dependable
D.reasonable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)favorable“有利的,良好的”;B選項(xiàng)predictable“可預(yù)測(cè)的”;C選項(xiàng)dependable“可靠的,可信賴(lài)的”;D選項(xiàng)reasonable“合理的”。句意:隨著環(huán)境的不斷變化,結(jié)果并不總是可以預(yù)測(cè)的。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。
16.單選題
Thoughsheisn'tBritishbybirth,sheisaBritishcitizenby()ofhermarriagetoanEnglishman.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.virtue
B.merit
C.approach
D.relation
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。byvirtueof為固定搭配,意為"由于,憑借"。句意:雖然她不是英國(guó)人,但由于她嫁給了英國(guó)人,所以她是英國(guó)公民。
17.單選題
TheHouseisexpectedtopassapieceoflegislationThursdaythatseekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployersandcouldpossiblyreversedecadesofdecliningmembershipamongprivateindustries.
TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldallowauniontoberecognizedaftercollectingamajorityofvotecards,insteadofwaitingfortheNationalLaborRelationsBoardtooverseeasecretballotelection,whichcanoccurmorethan50daysafterthecardvoteiscompleted.
RepresentativesofbusinessonCapitolHillopposethebill.TheNationalAssociationofManufacturers,TheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,theU.S.ChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsopposetheshiftawayfromsecretballotssayingthechangecouldthreatentheprivacyoftheworkers.“Thisisn’taboutpreventingincreasedunionizationit’saboutprotectingrights,’’saidtheNationalAssociationofManufacturer’sJasonStraczewski,ofhisorganization’soppositiontobill.Straczewskisayseliminatingthesecret-ballotstepwouldopenupemployeestocoercion(強(qiáng)迫,脅迫)fromunions.
SamueloftheAFL-CIOcontendstherealcoercioncomesfromemployers.“Workerstalkingtoworkersareequalswhilemanagerstalkingtoworkersaren’t,”Samuelsaid.Hecitesthe31,358casesofillegalemployerdiscriminationactedonbytheNationalLaborRelationsBoardin2005.
Samuelalsopointsoutthatcountertoclaimsfromthebusinesslobby,thesecretballotwouldnotbeeliminated.Thechangewouldonlytakethecontrolofthetimingoftheelectionoutofthehandsoftheemployers.“Ontheground,thedifferencebetweenhavingthislegislationandnotwouldbethedifferencebetweennightandday,”saidRichardShawoftheHarrisCountyCentralLaborCouncil,whosaysitwouldhaveatremendousimpactonthelocallevel.
Thebillhasotherprovisions(條款,規(guī)定)aswell.TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldalsoimposebindingarbitration(仲裁)whenacompanyandanewlyformedunioncannotagreeonacontractafter3months.Anagreementworkedoutunderbindingcompulsoryarbitrationwouldbeineffectfor2years,afactthatStraczewskicall
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