(完整版)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)大全及練習(xí)題

時(shí)間名詞前所用介詞的速記歌年月周前要用in,日子前面卻不行。遇到幾號(hào)要用on,上午下午又是in。要說(shuō)某日上下午，用on換in才能行。午夜黃昏須用at,黎明用它也不錯(cuò)。at也用在明分前，說(shuō)“差”可要用上to，說(shuō)“過(guò)”只可使用past，多說(shuō)多練牢牢記，莫讓歲月空蹉跎。下面就時(shí)間概念的介詞用法做一簡(jiǎn)要介紹和比較。at表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。（在某時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段等）。at1:00（dawn，midnight，noon）在一點(diǎn)鐘（黎明、午夜、中午）theseareourchieftasksatthepresentstage.這些就是我們現(xiàn)階段的主要任務(wù)。on1）表示具體日期。theyarrivedinshanghaionmay25.他們?cè)谖逶露迦盏竭_(dá)上海。注：（1）關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法：at（on）theweekend在周末---特指at（on）weekends在周末---泛指overtheweekend在整個(gè)周末duringtheweekend在周末期間（2）在圣誕節(jié)，應(yīng)說(shuō)"atchristmas而不說(shuō)"onchristmas2）在（剛……）的時(shí)候。onreachingthecityhecalleduphisparents.一到城里他就給父母打了一個(gè)電話(huà)。in1）表示"時(shí)段"、"時(shí)期"，在多數(shù)情況下可以和dur-ing互換，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。in（during）1988（december，the20thcentury）在一九八八年（十二月、二十世紀(jì)）ireturnedtobeijinginthemiddleofjune.我是六月中回北京的。但如果表示"在某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的期間"，則只能用duringoduringmymilitaryservice（thetrip）在我服役期間（在旅行期間）2）表示以說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)的"（若干時(shí)間）以后"，常用作將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如這時(shí)要表示"（若干時(shí)間）內(nèi)"，常用within。比較：themeetingwillendin30minutes.（三十分鐘后）會(huì)議三十分鐘后結(jié)束。canyoufinishitwithin30minutes?（三十分鐘內(nèi)）你能在三十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這件事嗎？但在過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中，in可用于表"在若干時(shí)間以?xún)?nèi)”，這時(shí)不要誤用duringothejobwasdoneduringaweek.（wrong）thejobwasdoneinaweek.（right）這工作在一星期內(nèi)就完成了。after表示"在（某具體時(shí)間）以后”，注意不要和in的2）意混淆。aftersupper（8o'clock,thewar）晚飯（八點(diǎn)、戰(zhàn)）后比較：hewillbebackintwohours.他將在兩個(gè)小時(shí)以后回來(lái)。hereturnedtohishometownafterthewar.戰(zhàn)后他回至U了故鄉(xiāng)。5.for表示"（動(dòng)作延續(xù)）若干時(shí)間"，有時(shí)可省略。istayedinlondon（for）twodaysonmywaytonewyork.在去紐約的途中，我在倫敦呆了兩天。since表示"自（某具體時(shí)間）以來(lái)"，常用作完成時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。sinceliberation（1980）自從解放（1980年）以來(lái)theyhavebeenclosefriendssincechildhood.他們從小就是好朋友。注：（1）sincethewar是指"自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束以來(lái)”，若指"自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開(kāi)始以來(lái)”，須說(shuō)"sincethebeginningofthewar"。（2）不要將since與after混淆。比較：hehasworkedheresince1965.（指一段時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間段）自從1965年以來(lái)，他一直在這兒工作。hebegantoworkhereafter1965.（指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間點(diǎn)）從1965年以后，他開(kāi)始在這兒工作。by表示"到……的時(shí)候"，其謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的用法：動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞常用完成時(shí)態(tài)；狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（be）常用一般時(shí)態(tài)。比較：bynoon，everybodyhad（willhave）arrivedthere.bynoon，everybodywere（willbe）there.到中午的時(shí)候，大家都（將）到那兒了。以上探討了介詞表示時(shí)間概念時(shí)的用法和比較，上述介詞除表示時(shí)間概念外還有其他的用法，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者必須掌握其各種用法，才能靈活運(yùn)用，提高自己的語(yǔ)言能力。小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)（一）一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，女口：family-families,strawberry-strawberries以“f或fe"結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：knife-knives不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)Ihimthisherwatchchildphotodiarydayfootbookdresstoothsheepboxstrawberrythiefyo-yopeachsandwichmanwomanpaperjuicewatermilkricetea二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹【No.1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：Theskyisblue.天空是藍(lán)色的。表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一個(gè)男孩。行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)(he,she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:MarylikesChinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化be動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ)+be+not+其它。女口：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑問(wèn)句：Be+主語(yǔ)+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Whereismybike?行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ)+don't(doesn't)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑問(wèn)句：Do(Does)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：Doyouoftenplayfootball?Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾口-es,如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3?以“輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專(zhuān)練:一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushdoteach二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Heoften(have)dinnerathome.DanielandTommy(be)inClassOne.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.Nick(notgo)tothezooonSunday.they(like)theWorldCup?Whattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.Mike(like)cooking.They(have)thesamehobby.Myaunt(look)afterherbabycarefully.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.I(be)ill.I'mstayinginbed.She(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.LiuTao(do)notlikePE.Thechildoften(watch)TVintheevening.SuHaiandSuYang(have)eightlessonsthisterm.－Whatday(be)ittoday?－It'sSaturday.三、按照要求改寫(xiě)句子DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改為否定句)Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答)3.Shelikesmilk.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作肯定回答）Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答)Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改為否定句)HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改為否定句)Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))JohncomesfromCanada.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答)SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改為否定句)五、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫(xiě)在橫線(xiàn)上)IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?Doeshelikesgoingfishing?Helikesplaygamesafterclass.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.Shedon'tdoherhomeworkonSundays.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意+be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞ing?但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：

疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意+be+動(dòng)詞ing?動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1?一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e力口ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3?如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing,如：run-running,stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：playrunswimmakegolikewrite_skireadhavesingdanceputseebuylovelivetakecomegetstopsitbeginshop二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：Theboy(draw)apicturenow.Listen.Somegirls(sing)intheclassroom.Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnow.Whatyou(do)now?Look.They(have)anEnglishlesson.They(not,water)theflowersnow.Look!thegirls(dance)intheclassroom.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She(listen)tomusic.It's5o'clocknow.We(have)suppernow10.Helen(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：Theyaredoinghousework.（分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句）2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.（改一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答）3．I'mplayingthefootballintheplayground.（對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn)）4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.（對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn)）四、將來(lái)時(shí)理論及練習(xí)一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow,nextday（week,month,year…）,soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①begoingto+do；②will+do.三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are）l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won't。例如：I'mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.fI'mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑問(wèn)句：be或will提到句首，some改為any,and改為or,第一二人稱(chēng)互換。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.fAreyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)。一般情況,一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分有三種情況。問(wèn)人。Who例如：I'mgoingtoNewYorksoon.fWho'sgoingtoNewYorksoon.問(wèn)干什么。What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.fWhatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.問(wèn)什么時(shí)候。When.例如：She'sgoingtogotobedatnine.fWhenisshegoingtobed?六、同義句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.填空。我打算明天和朋友去野炊。Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打籃球。WhatnextMonday?Iplaybasketball.WhatyoudonextMonday?Iplaybasketball.你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是,她要去買(mǎi)一些水果。yourmothergoshoppingthis?Yes,she.Shebuysomefruit.你們打算什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。Whattimeyoumeet?改句子。Nancyisgoingtogocamping.(改否定)Nancygoingtogocamping.I'11goandjointhem.(改否定)Igojointhem.I'mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.(改一般疑問(wèn)句)togetupat6:30tomorrow?Wewi11meetatthebusstopat10:30.(改一般疑問(wèn)句)meetatthebusstopat10:30.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))sheafterschoo1?Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Todayisasunnyday.We(have)apicnicthisafternoon.Mybrother(go)toShanghainextweek.Tomoften(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He(go)toschoolbybike.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually(watch)TVand(catch)insects?It'sFridaytoday.Whatshe(do)thisweekend?She(watch)TVand(catch)insects.What(d0)youdolastSunday?I(pick)applesonafarm.What(do)nextSunday?I(milk)cows.Mary(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.LiuTao(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.David(give)apuppetshownextMonday.I(plan)formystudynow.五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1．一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。2．Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：am和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(wasnot=wasn't)are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(werenot=weren't)⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is,am,are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not,—般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。3?句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子否定句：didn't+動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jimdidn'tgohomeyesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did,句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑問(wèn)句：⑴疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式？女口：Whowenttohomeyesterday?動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked結(jié)尾是e加d,如：taste-tasted末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4?以“輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的，變y為i,再加-ed，如：study-studied過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式is\amflyplantaredrinkplaygomakedoesdanceworryasktasteeatdrawputthrowkickpassdoBe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)（1）一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Iatschooljustnow.Heatthecamplastweek.Westudentstwoyearsago.Theyonthefarmamomentago.YangLingelevenyearsoldlastyear.Thereanappleontheplateyesterday.TheresomemilkinthefridgeonSunday.Themobilephoneonthesofayesterdayevening.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換Itwasexciting.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：Allthestudentswereveryexcited.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：Theywereinhispocket.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：Be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)（2）一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空IanEnglishteachernow.Shehappyyesterday.Theygladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.HelenandNancygoodfriends.Thelittledogtwoyearsoldthisyear.Look,therelotsofgrapeshere.ThereasignonthechaironMonday..TodaythesecondofJune.YesterdaythefirstofJune.ItChildren'sDay.Allthestudentsve.ryexcited二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：肯、否定回答：三、中譯英1．我的故事書(shū)剛才還在手表旁邊。2．他們的外套上個(gè)禮拜放在臥室里了。3．一會(huì)以前花園里有兩只小鳥(niǎo)。行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)(1)一、用行為動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.We(have)apartylastHalloween.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.Thegirls(sing)and(dance)attheparty.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.SuHaitooksomephotosattheSportsday.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：Nancywenttoschoolearly.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：WesangsomeEnglishsongs.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)(2)NameNo.Date、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.I(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.Wetozooyesterday,wetothepark.(go)you(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he.GaoShan(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.I(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother.Whatshe